A detachable hoist opening outer protection structure and an assembling method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a detachable hoisting opening outer protection structure and an assembling method thereof, and relates to the technical field of building construction. The detachable hoisting opening outer protection structure comprises a pre-embedded base assembly which is fixedly arranged on a concrete floor outside a hoisting opening. The pre-embedded base assembly comprises at least four rectangularly distributed pre-embedded bases, and at least one vertically upward threaded blind hole is formed in each pre-embedded base. The detachable hoisting opening outer protection structure further comprises four detachable columns which are detachably connected to four corner positions of the pre-embedded base assembly through bolts. The detachable hoisting opening outer protection structure separates permanent embedded parts from turnover parts through the split design of the pre-embedded base assembly and the detachable columns. The pre-embedded base is low in cost and does not affect the appearance of the building. The columns and the protection plates can be completely detached after the hoisting operation is completed, and are transported to other floors or projects for repeated use, thereby greatly reducing the comprehensive cost of long-term construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, and in particular to a detachable external protective structure for hoisting openings and its assembly method. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of modern high-rise buildings, industrial plants, and renovation projects of existing buildings, large openings, known as hoisting ports, are usually reserved at corresponding locations in the concrete floor slabs on each floor to facilitate the vertical transportation of large electromechanical equipment. Before the equipment hoisting operation is completed, or during non-hoisting operations, the hoisting ports must be reliably protected externally.

[0003] Currently, the industry generally adopts the following traditional practices for protecting lifting openings: ① A steel pipe and coupler-type edge guardrail and horizontal safety net are used. Construction workers erect a fence around the hoisting opening using scaffolding steel pipes and couplers, and hang a safety net below the opening. However, this method is time-consuming and labor-intensive to erect and dismantle, requiring professional scaffolders; the steel pipes and couplers occupy a lot of space on the construction site and are easy to lose; the safety net can only prevent falls and cannot block rain, dust, or small tools from falling, resulting in a low level of protection; in addition, this method is only edge protection and cannot form a closed physical isolation.

[0004] ② Pre-embedded steel mesh or welded steel cover plates are used. In some projects, steel lifting rings are pre-embedded during the pouring of the floor slab. When protection is needed, the steel mesh or patterned steel plate is covered over the opening and welded to the lifting ring. However, this protection is a one-time investment. When it is removed, the connection must be cut off by gas cutting or electric welding. This not only damages the pre-embedded parts and the cover plate itself, generating a lot of construction waste, but also cannot be reused, resulting in material waste and increased construction costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a detachable external protective structure for lifting ports and its assembly method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A detachable external protective structure for lifting ports, comprising: An embedded base assembly is fixedly installed on the concrete floor slab outside the hoisting opening. The embedded base assembly includes at least four embedded bases arranged in a rectangular shape, and each embedded base has at least one vertically upward threaded blind hole. The detachable column consists of four columns, which are detachably connected to the four corners of the pre-embedded base assembly by bolts. Each detachable column has a through hole corresponding to a threaded blind hole on its bottom flange. The column is fixed by screwing a first fastening bolt through the through hole into the threaded blind hole. The protective panel assembly includes multiple rectangular metal protective panels, which are spliced ​​together to cover the area enclosed by four detachable columns. The left and right sides of the rectangular metal protective panels are connected to adjacent columns or adjacent protective panels through a snap-fit ​​structure. A top locking mechanism is provided at the top of the detachable column to press and fix the top rectangular metal protective plate.

[0007] Preferably, the embedded base is a square steel plate with a thickness of 10mm to 20mm. An internally threaded sleeve is welded to the central area of ​​the square steel plate, and the internally threaded sleeve forms a threaded blind hole. At least two downwardly extending anchoring bars are also welded to the bottom of the embedded base. The anchoring bars are U-shaped or L-shaped and are used to be embedded in the concrete floor slab to enhance the pull-out resistance.

[0008] Preferably, the detachable column includes a column body and a slot structure disposed inside the column body; the slot structure is a C-shaped steel slot that runs along the height direction of the column body, and the opening width of the C-shaped steel slot matches the thickness of the rectangular metal protective plate, so that the edge of the rectangular metal protective plate can be horizontally inserted into the C-shaped steel slot. A sealing strip is affixed to the inner wall of the C-shaped steel groove. The sealing strip is made of EPDM rubber and has a D-shaped or P-shaped cross-section. It is used to fill the gap between the edge of the rectangular metal protective plate and the groove after the plate is inserted.

[0009] Preferably, the rectangular metal protective plate is a double-layer sandwich panel structure, including an outer steel plate, an inner steel plate, and a fireproof rock wool layer sandwiched between the two; the thickness of the outer steel plate and the inner steel plate is 1.5mm to 3.0mm, and the thickness of the fireproof rock wool layer is 50mm to 100mm.

[0010] Preferably, the protective panel assembly further includes a vertical splicing connector. When the width of the hoisting opening is greater than the width of a single rectangular metal protective panel, the vertical butt joint edges of the two rectangular metal protective panels are connected by the vertical splicing connector. The vertical splicing connector is a Z-shaped bent steel plate. The two sides of the Z-shaped bent steel plate are respectively fixedly connected to the surface of the two rectangular metal protective panels by second fastening bolts, and a waterproof gasket is placed at the connection. The outer surface of the rectangular metal protective plate is coated with an anti-rust primer layer and a topcoat layer. The anti-rust primer layer is an epoxy zinc-rich primer with a dry film thickness of not less than 60 μm, and the topcoat layer is an acrylic polyurethane topcoat with a dry film thickness of not less than 40 μm.

[0011] Preferably, the top locking mechanism includes an angle steel strip and a wing nut locking assembly; the angle steel strip extends along the side length of the hoisting opening and presses against the upper surface edge of the top rectangular metal protective plate; the wing nut locking assembly includes a T-bolt and a wing nut, the head of the T-bolt is slidably disposed in the T-groove at the top of the detachable column, the bolt extends upward through the through hole of the angle steel strip, and the angle steel strip is pressed downward by tightening the wing nut.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a bottom sealing strip, which is a solid strip made of neoprene rubber with a rectangular cross-section and a thickness of 10mm to 15mm; the bottom sealing strip is laid on the edge of the rectangular area enclosed by the pre-embedded base assembly, located between the bottom rectangular metal protective plate and the ground, to prevent rainwater from seeping in from the bottom.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the detachable column is also provided with a lifting eye screw, which is screwed into the threaded hole on the top surface of the column body for hoisting and transporting the detachable column.

[0014] An assembly method for a detachable external protective structure for a lifting port includes the following steps: Step S1: Positioning of embedded bases: Before pouring the concrete floor slab, mark the precise positions of four embedded bases on the floor slab formwork according to the design dimensions of the hoisting opening. Use steel bars to temporarily fix the embedded bases at the design elevation, ensuring that the threaded blind holes are vertically upward and the upper surface is flush with the formed floor slab surface. Step S2 Column Installation: After the concrete floor slab reaches the design strength, move the four detachable columns to the top of the four pre-embedded bases respectively, align the flange through holes at the bottom of the columns with the threaded blind holes, put in the flat washers and spring washers, screw in the first fastening bolts and tighten them three times in a diagonal sequence using a torque wrench, with the torque value set to 80 N·m to 120 N·m. Step S3: Install the protective plate: Lift the rectangular metal protective plate horizontally, aligning its left and right sides with the C-shaped steel slots on the two adjacent detachable columns. Keep the plate surface horizontal and push it in parallel along the direction perpendicular to the columns until the edge of the plate is completely inside the C-shaped steel slot and the end of the plate is in contact with the inner side of the column. Step S4 Vertical splicing: When the width of a single rectangular metal protective plate is insufficient, place a Z-shaped bent steel plate on the outside of the vertical joint between the two plates, use an electric drill to drill through holes, insert the second fastening bolt and tighten it to ensure that the joint is tight. Step S5 Top Locking: After all the protective plates are installed in place, place the angle steel strip on the upper surface of the top protective plate, insert the T-bolt into the T-slot from the top of the column, adjust the position so that the bolt passes through the hole of the angle steel strip, put on the flat washer and screw on the wing nut, and use a manual wrench to tighten the wing nut until the angle steel strip produces a compression deformation of 3mm to 5mm on the protective plate.

[0015] Preferably, in step S3, before inserting the rectangular metal protective plate into the C-shaped steel groove, a sealing strip is first embedded in the C-shaped steel groove, and neoprene rubber adhesive is applied to the adhesive surface of the sealing strip and pasted and fixed to the inner wall of the groove. After the adhesive has dried to the surface, the protective plate is inserted.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention separates permanent embedded parts from reusable parts through a split design of pre-embedded base components and detachable columns; the pre-embedded base is inexpensive and does not affect the building's appearance, while the columns and protective panels can be completely disassembled after hoisting operations and transported to other floors or projects for reuse, significantly reducing the overall cost of long-term construction.

[0017] 2. This invention adopts a slot-type insertion assembly method, in which the two sides of the protective plate can be directly pushed horizontally into the C-shaped steel slot of the column, and the top is locked with a wing nut; the whole process does not require an electric welding machine or a complicated electric wrench, it is easy to learn, and a single person can complete the assembly and disassembly of the protective plate, which shortens the time for building and dismantling the protective structure and improves construction efficiency.

[0018] 3. This invention has a good sealing effect. For lateral sealing, EPDM rubber sealing strips are pre-installed in the C-shaped steel groove of the column. When the protective plate is inserted, the rubber strips are automatically squeezed to fill the gap between the plate edge and the groove. For bottom sealing, neoprene rubber bottom sealing strips are laid on the contact surface between the protective plate and the floor slab to block the path of water seepage from the ground. At the top position, mechanical clamping force is generated by the top locking mechanism, which causes the entire plate assembly to compress the bottom sealing strip downwards, forming a fully enclosed waterproof structure that effectively resists the erosion of heavy rain.

[0019] 4. The bottom of the pre-embedded base of this invention is welded with U-shaped or L-shaped anchoring steel bars, which form an interlocking structure with the concrete floor slab to ensure the firmness of the protective structure; the protective plate adopts a sandwich structure of double-layer steel plate sandwiched with fireproof rock wool, which not only has fireproof and heat insulation functions, but also has good planar rigidity; the top locking mechanism effectively restricts the vertical displacement of the protective plate and prevents vibration noise or loosening under wind load. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the application and to make other features, objects, and advantages of the application more apparent. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation of the application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the assembly method of a detachable external protective structure for a lifting port proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this application described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0023] In this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "middle," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0024] Furthermore, in addition to indicating location or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in some cases to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] In addition, the term "multiple" should mean two or more.

[0026] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Example

[0027] A detachable external protective structure for lifting openings is disclosed, primarily used to cover and protect lifting openings on building floors. The structure includes a pre-embedded base assembly, detachable columns, a protective panel assembly, and a top locking mechanism.

[0028] The embedded base assembly is fixedly installed on the concrete floor slab outside the lifting opening. The embedded base assembly consists of four rectangularly distributed embedded bases. Each embedded base has the following structure: a 15mm thick square Q235 steel plate serves as the base, with dimensions of 100mm × 100mm. At the center of the steel plate, an M16 internally threaded sleeve, 40mm long, is vertically welded, with standard internal threads machined into its inner diameter, forming a vertically upward-facing threaded blind hole. At the bottom of the steel plate, two 10mm diameter HRB400 threaded steel bars are welded as anchoring reinforcements. These anchoring reinforcements are bent into a U-shape with an inner diameter of 15mm and a straight section length of not less than 150mm, used to provide pull-out resistance when embedded in the concrete. After the four embedded bases are installed and fixed, the line connecting the centers of their threaded blind holes forms a rectangle, the size of which is 150mm larger on each side than the clear dimensions of the lifting opening.

[0029] There are four detachable columns, each corresponding to one of the four pre-embedded bases. Each detachable column consists of an 80mm × 80mm × 4mm square steel pipe as its body. At the bottom of the column body, a 120mm × 120mm × 10mm square flange is welded on. The flange has four evenly distributed through holes, each 18mm in diameter. During installation, the column body is placed vertically on the pre-embedded base, aligning the through holes of the flange with the threaded blind holes. A 16mm diameter, 3mm thick flat washer and spring washer are inserted, and then an M16×50 grade 8.8 first-strength bolt is screwed in. Using a torque wrench, it is tightened in three stages diagonally until a final torque of 100 N·m is achieved. A groove structure running the entire length of the column body is welded to the inner surface of the column body. The slot structure consists of two parallel steel plates enclosing the side of the column body, forming a C-shaped steel slot with a width of 6mm and a depth of 20mm. A sealing strip made of EPDM rubber, with a D-shaped cross-section and a compressed rectangular size of 5mm × 8mm, is adhered to the inner wall of the C-shaped steel slot using neoprene adhesive. This sealing strip fills the gap between the subsequently inserted protective plate and the slot. An M10 threaded hole is also provided at the top of the column body for screwing in eye bolts, facilitating vertical lifting with slings.

[0030] The protective panel assembly consists of multiple rectangular metal protective panels. Each rectangular metal protective panel is constructed as follows: two 1.5mm thick galvanized steel sheets serve as the outer and inner layers, with a 50mm thick layer of fireproof rock wool sandwiched between them. The outer and inner steel sheets are connected at the edges by folded joints or rivets to form a rigid, integral panel. Each panel measures 600mm × 1200mm. The left and right sides of the panel are left straight, allowing for horizontal insertion into the aforementioned C-shaped steel slots. When the width of the lifting opening exceeds 600mm, multiple panels need to be spliced ​​horizontally. In this case, a vertical splicing connector is used, consisting of a 3mm thick Z-shaped bent steel plate made of Q235 steel. The straight sections on both sides of the Z-shaped bent steel plate are 40mm wide, and the connecting section in the middle is 10mm high. During splicing, bring the vertical butt joint edges of the two rectangular metal protective plates together so that the Z-shaped bent steel plate is fastened at the joint. Drill 8mm diameter holes in the Z-shaped bent steel plate and the protective plate, insert the second fastening bolt with a specification of M8×25, place a rubber waterproof gasket under the bolt head, and then tighten the nut to make the two plates tightly connected.

[0031] The top locking mechanism includes an angle steel strip and a wing nut locking assembly. The angle steel strip uses L50×50×5 angle steel, with a length matching the side length of the lifting opening. M10 T-nuts are welded to the back of the angle steel strip every 300mm. The wing nut locking assembly includes a T-bolt and a wing nut. A 50mm long T-slot is cut into the top side of the detachable column. During installation, the head of the T-bolt is slid into the T-slot from the top, the bolt is passed upwards through the hole in the T-nut on the angle steel strip, a flat washer is fitted, and then the wing nut is hand-tightened until the lower surface of the angle steel strip is firmly pressed against the upper edge of the top rectangular metal protective plate. The tightening force causes a 3mm compression deformation in the bottom sealing strip, ensuring a seal.

[0032] In addition, at the very bottom of the protective structure, on the contact surface between the bottom rectangular metal protective panel and the concrete floor slab, a bottom sealing strip is laid. This bottom sealing strip is a solid rectangular strip made of neoprene rubber, measuring 10mm × 15mm, and is temporarily fixed to the floor slab with double-sided tape to prevent rainwater from seeping into the room from the bottom along the wall.

[0033] The present invention also provides an assembly method for the above-mentioned detachable lifting port external protective structure, specifically including the following steps: Step 1: Positioning of Embedded Bases. After the formwork of the concrete slab is erected and the reinforcing bars are tied, mark the axis of the hoisting opening according to the construction drawings. Then, using the edge line of the hoisting opening as a reference, measure outwards by 150mm to determine the center points of the four embedded bases. Place the embedded bases at the marked points and use binding wire to spot weld them to the lower layer of reinforcing bars in the slab, ensuring that the threaded blind holes are vertically upward. During concrete pouring, assign a dedicated person to supervise and use a spirit level to measure the upper surface of the embedded bases. If any tilt is found, immediately straighten them with a steel bar pry bar. Before the concrete initially sets, recheck the elevation to ensure that the upper surface of the four embedded bases is flush with the final finished surface of the concrete slab, with an error not exceeding ±2mm.

[0034] Step Two: Column Installation. After the concrete slab has been poured and cured for at least 7 days, and the concrete strength has reached at least 75% of the design strength, the column installation begins. The operator hoists the detachable column to the vicinity of the pre-embedded base, aligns the flange through-hole at the bottom of the column with the threaded blind hole, and inserts the first fastening bolt, flat washer, and spring washer, initially tightening it by hand. Then, using a torque wrench, tighten the bolts gradually in three stages, diagonally: first to 40 N·m, second to 70 N·m, and third to 100 N·m, ensuring even force distribution on the flange and that the column's verticality deviation is less than 1 / 1000.

[0035] Step 3: Install the protective panel. Two operators work together to vertically lift the rectangular metal protective panel, ensuring the panel surface is perpendicular. Align the left side of the panel with the C-shaped steel groove of the left column and the right side with the C-shaped steel groove of the right column, keeping the panel surface level. Then, push the panel parallel to the column, allowing both sides to slide completely into the C-shaped steel grooves until the bottom edge of the panel rests on the bottom sealing strip, and the top of the panel is flush with or slightly lower than the top of the column.

[0036] Step 4, Vertical splicing. If the hoisting opening is too wide for one panel to cover, install the second panel immediately to its right after the first panel is installed. Place the Z-shaped bent steel plate over the joint between the two panels. Drill 8.5mm diameter holes in both the Z-shaped bent steel plate and the protective plate using an electric drill. Clean the holes of any metal shavings, insert the second fastening bolt and waterproof washer, and tighten the nuts with a wrench to ensure a tight joint.

[0037] Step 5, Top Locking. After all protective panels are installed, place the angle steel strip on the upper edge of the top protective panel, ensuring the back of the angle steel strip is flush against the side of the column. Slide the T-bolt into the T-slot at the top of the column, move it downwards to the T-nut position of the angle steel strip, pass the bolt through the nut hole, put on the flat washer, and screw on the wing nut. The operator should tighten the wing nut by hand or with a wrench until the angle steel strip presses firmly against the protective panel. At this point, the bottom sealing strip should be compressed, and the panel should no longer wobble.

[0038] By following the steps above, the assembly of the entire detachable lifting port external protective structure can be completed. When disassembly is required, simply reverse the operation: loosen the wing nuts, remove the splicing bolts, pull out the protective plate, and unscrew the first fastening bolt to disassemble each component and transfer it to the next floor or the next project for reuse.

[0039] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A detachable external protective structure for a lifting port, characterized in that, include: An embedded base assembly is fixedly installed on the concrete floor slab outside the hoisting opening. The embedded base assembly includes at least four embedded bases arranged in a rectangular shape, and each embedded base has at least one vertically upward threaded blind hole. The detachable column consists of four columns, which are detachably connected to the four corners of the pre-embedded base assembly by bolts. Each detachable column has a through hole corresponding to a threaded blind hole on its bottom flange. The column is fixed by screwing a first fastening bolt through the through hole into the threaded blind hole. The protective panel assembly includes multiple rectangular metal protective panels, which are spliced ​​together to cover the area enclosed by four detachable columns. The left and right sides of the rectangular metal protective panels are connected to adjacent columns or adjacent protective panels through a snap-fit ​​structure. A top locking mechanism is provided at the top of the detachable column to press and fix the top rectangular metal protective plate.

2. The detachable external protective structure for lifting openings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The embedded base is a square steel plate with a thickness of 10mm to 20mm. An internally threaded sleeve is welded to the central area of ​​the square steel plate, forming a threaded blind hole. At least two downward-extending anchoring bars are also welded to the bottom of the embedded base. The anchoring bars are U-shaped or L-shaped and are used to be embedded in the concrete floor slab to enhance the pull-out resistance.

3. The detachable external protective structure for lifting openings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detachable column includes a column body and a slot structure disposed inside the column body; the slot structure is a C-shaped steel slot that runs along the height direction of the column body, and the opening width of the C-shaped steel slot matches the thickness of the rectangular metal protective plate, so that the edge of the rectangular metal protective plate can be horizontally inserted into the C-shaped steel slot. A sealing strip is affixed to the inner wall of the C-shaped steel groove. The sealing strip is made of EPDM rubber and has a D-shaped or P-shaped cross-section. It is used to fill the gap between the edge of the rectangular metal protective plate and the groove after the plate is inserted.

4. The detachable external protective structure for lifting openings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectangular metal protective plate is a double-layer sandwich panel structure, including an outer steel plate, an inner steel plate, and a fireproof rock wool layer sandwiched between the two; the thickness of the outer steel plate and the inner steel plate is 1.5mm to 3.0mm, and the thickness of the fireproof rock wool layer is 50mm to 100mm.

5. The detachable external protective structure for lifting openings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective panel assembly also includes a vertical splicing connector. When the width of the hoisting opening is greater than the width of a single rectangular metal protective panel, the vertical butt joint edges of the two rectangular metal protective panels are connected by the vertical splicing connector. The vertical splicing connector is a Z-shaped bent steel plate. The two sides of the Z-shaped bent steel plate are respectively fixedly connected to the surface of the two rectangular metal protective panels by the second fastening bolts, and a waterproof gasket is placed at the connection. The outer surface of the rectangular metal protective plate is coated with an anti-rust primer layer and a topcoat layer. The anti-rust primer layer is an epoxy zinc-rich primer with a dry film thickness of not less than 60 μm, and the topcoat layer is an acrylic polyurethane topcoat with a dry film thickness of not less than 40 μm.

6. The detachable external protective structure for lifting openings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top locking mechanism includes an angle steel pressure strip and a wing nut locking assembly; the angle steel pressure strip extends along the side length of the hoisting opening and presses against the upper surface edge of the top rectangular metal protective plate; the wing nut locking assembly includes a T-bolt and a wing nut, the head of the T-bolt is slidably set in the T-groove at the top of the detachable column, the screw rod passes upward through the through hole of the angle steel pressure strip, and the angle steel pressure strip is pressed downward by tightening the wing nut.

7. The detachable external protective structure for lifting openings according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a bottom sealing strip, which is a solid strip made of neoprene rubber with a rectangular cross-section and a thickness of 10mm to 15mm. The bottom sealing strip is laid on the edge of the rectangular area enclosed by the pre-embedded base assembly, between the bottom rectangular metal protective plate and the ground, to prevent rainwater from seeping in from the bottom.

8. The detachable external protective structure for lifting openings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the detachable column is also equipped with a lifting eye screw, which is screwed into a threaded hole on the top surface of the column body for hoisting and transporting the detachable column.

9. An assembly method for assembling the detachable lifting port external protective structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Positioning of embedded bases: Before pouring the concrete floor slab, mark the precise positions of four embedded bases on the floor slab formwork according to the design dimensions of the hoisting opening. Use steel bars to temporarily fix the embedded bases at the design elevation, ensuring that the threaded blind holes are vertically upward and the upper surface is flush with the formed floor slab surface. Step S2 Column Installation: After the concrete floor slab reaches the design strength, move the four detachable columns to the top of the four pre-embedded bases respectively, align the flange through holes at the bottom of the columns with the threaded blind holes, put in the flat washers and spring washers, screw in the first fastening bolts and tighten them three times in a diagonal sequence using a torque wrench, with the torque value set to 80 N·m to 120 N·m. Step S3: Install the protective plate: Lift the rectangular metal protective plate horizontally, aligning its left and right sides with the C-shaped steel slots on the two adjacent detachable columns. Keep the plate surface horizontal and push it in parallel along the direction perpendicular to the columns until the edge of the plate is completely inside the C-shaped steel slot and the end of the plate is in contact with the inner side of the column. Step S4 Vertical splicing: When the width of a single rectangular metal protective plate is insufficient, place a Z-shaped bent steel plate on the outside of the vertical joint between the two plates, use an electric drill to drill through holes, insert the second fastening bolt and tighten it to ensure that the joint is tight. Step S5 Top Locking: After all the protective plates are installed in place, place the angle steel strip on the upper surface of the top protective plate, insert the T-bolt into the T-slot from the top of the column, adjust the position so that the bolt passes through the hole of the angle steel strip, put on the flat washer and screw on the wing nut, and use a manual wrench to tighten the wing nut until the angle steel strip produces a compression deformation of 3mm to 5mm on the protective plate.

10. The assembly method of a detachable lifting port external protective structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S3, before inserting the rectangular metal protective plate into the C-shaped steel groove, a sealing strip is first embedded in the C-shaped steel groove, and neoprene rubber adhesive is applied to the adhesive surface of the sealing strip and pasted and fixed to the inner wall of the groove. After the adhesive has dried to the surface, the protective plate is inserted.

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