A rock pillar splitting and extracting device for pile foundation hole forming and a construction method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a rock pillar splitting and extracting device and a construction method for pile foundation hole forming, and relates to the technical field of power grid transmission line construction. The rock pillar splitting and extracting device comprises a fixing frame, a splitting part and an extracting part. The edge of the fixing frame is provided with a plurality of radially telescopic telescopic blocks, and is provided with a driving member and a camera. The splitting part and the extracting part are switchably installed on the fixing frame. The extracting part comprises an extracting column, a pull rod and an extracting block. The pull rod moves axially along the extracting column under the driving of a hydraulic or pneumatic drive. When moving upward, the pull rod drives the extracting block to retract. When moving downward, the extracting block extends outward and self-locks against the side wall of the rock pillar extraction hole. During construction, the telescopic blocks and the camera are used to realize in-hole positioning. The rock pillar is first separated by the splitting part, and then the extracting part is switched to safely extract the rock pillar. The rock pillar splitting and extracting device and the construction method for pile foundation hole forming can realize rapid splitting and safe extraction of the rock pillar, improve construction efficiency and reduce operation risk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power grid transmission line construction technology, specifically to a rock column splitting and extraction device and construction method for pile foundation drilling. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of power grid transmission lines, rock excavation foundations are a common type of foundation. Currently, the drilling of this type of foundation typically involves using a water-cooled drill to take core samples around the pile hole to create a free face. Then, the remaining intermediate rock mass inside the hole is split, bound, and hoisted downhole to complete the drilling operation.

[0003] However, existing construction techniques and supporting methods have many drawbacks in application. First, the labor efficiency in the splitting stage is extremely low. Due to the extremely limited working space, operators need to go down into the well to carry out splitting operations, which is difficult and physically demanding, resulting in a significant decrease in work efficiency over time. Second, in the rock hoisting stage, traditional binding methods are difficult and time-consuming. Coupled with long waiting times for hoisting, the efficiency of human-machine collaboration is low, further slowing down the overall construction progress.

[0004] In addition, safety hazards are also a prominent pain point of this process. Safety accidents caused by this process account for more than 85% of all construction accidents. These include: the risk of being hit by falling rocks (the most common type of accident), the risk of borehole wall collapse and falling blocks, the risk of poisoning and suffocation underground, and the risk of electric shock caused by construction electricity. Furthermore, since the operators are located underground, emergency rescue is extremely difficult once an accident occurs, seriously threatening the lives of the construction workers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the problems of low construction efficiency and high safety hazards in the existing technology, this application provides a rock column splitting and extraction device and construction method for pile foundation drilling, which can realize rapid splitting and safe extraction of rock columns, significantly improving construction efficiency and reducing operational risks.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: A rock column splitting and extraction device for pile foundation drilling includes a fixing frame, a splitting component and an extraction component, wherein a camera is installed on the fixing frame; The edge of the fixed frame is provided with multiple telescopic blocks at intervals, and a driving component for driving the telescopic blocks to extend and retract is provided between the telescopic blocks and the fixed frame. The splitting assembly can be selectively installed at the edge of the fixing frame, and the splitting assembly includes a splitting rod; The extraction assembly can be selectively installed on the mounting frame; The extraction assembly includes an extraction column, and a pull rod is slidably disposed inside the extraction column. The pull rod can move along the axial direction of the extraction column under the drive of a hydraulic or pneumatic system. The extraction column is provided with at least one set of lifting components. The lifting components include two symmetrically arranged extraction blocks and a drive crossbar provided on the pull rod. The extraction blocks are slidably installed in the installation notch of the extraction column, and the extraction blocks are provided with a second elongated hole for accommodating the drive crossbar. When the pull rod moves upward, the extraction block retracts inward under the action of the drive bar; when the pull rod moves downward, the extraction block extends outward and abuts against the side wall of the extraction hole of the rock column.

[0007] Furthermore, the fixing frame includes a central shaft and at least three radially fixed arms to the outer circumference of the central shaft. Each arm has a telescopic block slidably disposed at its end, and the telescopic block slides along the extension direction of the arm.

[0008] Furthermore, the support arm is a hollow square tube structure, the telescopic block includes a main body and a tapered end head disposed at the outer end of the main body, the main body is slidably disposed in the inner cavity of the support arm, the driving component is a hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the support arm, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the main body.

[0009] Furthermore, the splitting assembly also includes a mounting frame, which is detachably mounted to the end of one arm of the fixed frame. The splitting rods are suspended below the mounting frame by ropes, and a plurality of the splitting rods are arranged in an arc with the center of the fixed frame as the center.

[0010] Furthermore, the pull rod includes a pull rod body and a piston portion disposed on the pull rod body. An axial mounting hole is provided inside the extraction column. The mounting hole includes a first hole section that mates with the pull rod body and a second hole section that mates with the piston portion. A first channel and a second channel are provided on the extraction column. The first channel and the second channel are respectively connected to both ends of the second hole section.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer surface of the extraction block is an arc surface, the inner surface of the extraction block is an inclined surface, and it slides in cooperation with the inclined surface in the mounting notch. A dovetail groove is provided on the inclined surface of the extraction block, and a guide rail that slides in cooperation with the dovetail groove is provided on the inclined surface of the mounting notch.

[0012] Furthermore, the drive crossbar is an elastic cylindrical pin, and an anti-slip structure is provided on the outer surface of the extraction block.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a counterweight, which is detachably connected to the side of the fixing frame away from the splitting assembly, for balancing the eccentric load caused by the splitting assembly.

[0014] Furthermore, the lower end of the extraction column has a tapered structure.

[0015] A method for rock column splitting and extraction in pile foundation drilling includes the following steps: S1, Drill extraction holes and annular splitting grooves at the bottom of the pile foundation hole to form an independent intermediate rock mass; S2, install the splitting part onto the fixed frame, lower the device into the pile hole. During the lowering process, the deviation direction of the splitting rod is determined by the image captured by the camera, and the telescopic block at the corresponding position is controlled to extend and abut against the hole wall of the pile hole according to the deviation direction. The fixed frame is moved by the reaction force until the splitting rod is aligned with the splitting groove. S3, insert the splitting rod into the splitting groove, and start the splitting rod to separate the middle rock mass from the bottom rock layer to form a rock column; S4, lift and remove the rock column splitting and extraction device, remove the splitting part, and install the extraction part onto the fixed frame; S5, the rock column splitting and extraction device equipped with the extraction unit is lowered into the pile hole again. During the lowering process, the deviation direction of the extraction unit is determined by the image captured by the camera, and the telescopic block at the corresponding position is controlled to extend and abut against the hole wall of the pile hole according to the deviation direction. The reaction force pushes the fixing frame to move until the extraction unit is aligned with the extraction hole. S6, move the pull rod of the extraction unit upward, causing the extraction block to retract inward, and insert the extraction unit into the extraction hole; S7, move the pull rod of the extraction unit downward, causing the extraction block to extend outward and abut against the wall of the extraction hole, and then lift the rock column splitting extraction device to pull out the rock column.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. By switching between the splitting and extraction components on the same fixed frame and configuring counterweights to eliminate eccentric loads, continuous construction of splitting and extraction operations is achieved, which greatly reduces equipment replacement and borehole waiting time and significantly improves overall construction efficiency.

[0017] 2. With the help of the telescopic blocks, drive components and camera set on the edge of the fixing frame, the relative position of the splitting rod and splitting groove or the extraction component and extraction hole can be directly observed in the hole. By controlling the telescopic blocks to extend and abut against the hole wall to generate reaction force, the position of the fixing frame can be adjusted radially for alignment, which greatly simplifies the adjustment process.

[0018] 3. The extraction unit uses a pull rod to drive the extraction block to slide on the inclined surface within the installation notch. When the pull rod moves down, the extraction block opens outward under the action of gravity and presses against the wall of the extraction hole. When it is lifted up, it is pulled tighter and tighter under the action of friction and the inclined surface, forming a reliable self-locking clamp. There is no need for manual entry into the well to bind the rock column, which fundamentally avoids the high difficulty, long time consumption, and high-risk operation hazards such as rock block collapse and hole wall collapse of traditional binding methods.

[0019] 4. Each telescopic block is independently controllable, not only for positioning and adjustment, but also for actively pushing away from the borehole wall when the rock column gets stuck during lifting, effectively solving the problem of rock column jamming. The balance block is detachable and can be flexibly adjusted according to the weight of the splitting component, ensuring the device remains vertically stable during lifting and lowering within the borehole.

[0020] 5. Throughout the entire splitting and extraction process, the operators remain at the wellhead, eliminating the need to go down into the well and completely eliminating the main safety risks such as poisoning, suffocation, electric shock, and being struck by objects down in the well. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a rock column splitting and extraction device for pile foundation drilling provided in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partially enlarged structural diagram of part A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a top view of a rock column splitting and extraction device for pile foundation drilling provided in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 4 for Figure 3 FF section view; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A partially enlarged structural diagram of section B; Figure 6 for Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of part C in the middle section; Figure 7 for Figure 4 A partially enlarged structural diagram of section D; Figure 8 To extract the exploded view of the assembly; Figure 9 for Figure 8 A magnified schematic diagram of a portion of the structure in section E; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the extracted block structure; Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of the mounting bracket; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the balance block structure; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic block structure; Figure 14 The construction process of a rock column splitting and extraction method for pile foundation drilling provided in Embodiment 1 of this application Figure 1 ; Figure 15 The construction process of a rock column splitting and extraction method for pile foundation drilling provided in Embodiment 1 of this application Figure 2 ; Figure 16 The construction process of a rock column splitting and extraction method for pile foundation drilling provided in Embodiment 1 of this application Figure 3 ; Figure 17 The construction process of a rock column splitting and extraction method for pile foundation drilling provided in Embodiment 1 of this application Figure 4 ; Figure 18 The construction process of a rock column splitting and extraction method for pile foundation drilling provided in Embodiment 1 of this application Figure 5 ; Figure 19 The construction process of a rock column splitting and extraction method for pile foundation drilling provided in Embodiment 1 of this application Figure 6 ; Figure 20 The construction process of a rock column splitting and extraction method for pile foundation drilling provided in Embodiment 1 of this application Figure 7 ; Figure 21 The construction process of a rock column splitting and extraction method for pile foundation drilling provided in Embodiment 1 of this application Figure 8 ; Figure 22 The construction process of a rock column splitting and extraction method for pile foundation drilling provided in Embodiment 1 of this application Figure 9 ; Figure 23 The construction process of a rock column splitting and extraction method for pile foundation drilling provided in Embodiment 1 of this application Figure 10 ; Figure 24 The construction process of a rock column splitting and extraction method for pile foundation drilling provided in Embodiment 1 of this application Figure 10 one; Figure 25 This is a cross-sectional view of the extraction component of a rock column splitting and extraction device for pile foundation drilling provided in Embodiment 2 of this application.

[0022] In the diagram: 11. Fixing frame; 111. Support arm; 112. Central shaft; 113. Reinforcing rib plate; 12. Telescopic block; 121. Main body; 122. End head; 123. First ear plate; 13. Hydraulic cylinder; 14. First hinge shaft; 15. Second hinge shaft; 16. Lifting rod; 161. Limiting boss; 162. Stud; 17. Third lifting eye bolt; 2. Splitting assembly; 21. Mounting bracket; 211. Top plate; 212. Bottom plate; 2121. First lifting eye bolt; 213. Vertical plate; 214. Through hole; 22. Splitting rod; 221. Second lifting eye bolt; 23. Rope; 3. Extraction assembly; 31. Extraction column; 311. Mounting hole; 3111. First hole section; 3112. Second hole section; 3113. Third hole section; 3121. First channel; 3122. Second channel; 313. Mounting notch; 3131. First elongated hole; 3132. Guide rail; 32. Pull rod; 321. Pull rod body; 322. Piston part; 33. Sealing component; 331. Sealing component body; 332. Insertion boss; 333. Threaded hole; 334. Connecting boss; 341. First sealing ring; 342. Second sealing ring; 343. Third sealing ring; 35. Extraction component; 351. Extraction block; 3511. Second elongated hole; 3512. Anti-slip structure; 3513. Dovetail groove; 352. Drive crossbar; 36. Plug; 4. Balance block; 41. Second ear plate; 42. Bolt assembly; 51. Pile foundation hole; 52. Extraction hole; 53. Splitting hole; 54. Splitting groove; 55. Intermediate rock mass; 56. Rock column. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are merely a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0024] To facilitate understanding of the specific embodiments of this application, a coordinate system is now defined as follows: Figure 1 As shown, and using this coordinate system as a reference, the structural positional relationships in each embodiment of this application are described.

[0025] Example 1 like Figure 1As shown, a rock column splitting and extraction device for pile foundation drilling includes a fixing frame 11, a splitting assembly 2, and an extraction assembly 3, wherein the splitting assembly 2 and the extraction assembly 3 can be selectively installed on the fixing frame 11. A camera (not shown in the figure) is also installed on the fixing frame 11, which is used to collect real-time images of the splitting and extraction operations of the downhole rock column 56.

[0026] The fixing frame 11 includes at least three horizontally arranged support arms 111, and the support arms 111 are radially and evenly distributed. Each support arm 111 has a telescopic block 12 slidably disposed at its end. The telescopic block 12 is capable of extending and retracting along the length of the support arm 111, and a driving member for driving the telescopic block 12 to extend and retract is provided between the telescopic block 12 and the support arm 111. The splitting assembly 2 is disposed at the end of one of the support arms 111, and the splitting assembly 2 is detachably connected to the support arm 111. The extraction assembly 3 is disposed at the center of the fixing frame 11, and the extraction assembly 3 is detachably connected to the fixing frame 11.

[0027] As one specific implementation method, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the fixing frame 11 in this embodiment includes a central shaft 112, which is vertically arranged. A plurality of support arms 111 are fixedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the central shaft 112 by welding, and the support arms 111 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the central shaft 112. Preferably, the lower side of the support arm 111 is flush with the lower end face of the central shaft 112, and a reinforcing rib plate 113 is provided between the upper side of the support arm 111 and the central shaft 112. The reinforcing rib plate 113 has a triangular structure, with its right-angled sides respectively attached to the outer circumferential surface of the central shaft 112 and the upper side of the support arm 111, and the reinforcing rib plate 113 is fixed by welding.

[0028] In one specific implementation, four support arms 111 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the central shaft 112 in this embodiment, and the four support arms 111 together form a cross-shaped structure. Figure 1 In the coordinate system shown, the splitting part 2 is disposed at the end of the left-extending support arm 111. The camera is disposed on the lower side of the left-extending support arm 111, and the camera is located in the middle of the support arm 111.

[0029] Preferably, the support arm 111 is a hollow square tube structure with a rectangular or square cross-section. This reduces overall weight while ensuring structural strength, and also provides installation space for the drive component and the telescopic block 12. The telescopic block 12 is slidably disposed within the inner cavity of the support arm 111 and located at the end of the support arm 111, forming a sliding fit with the inner cavity of the support arm 111. The drive component is preferably a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod, with one end connected to the support arm 111 and the other end connected to the telescopic block 12, thereby driving the telescopic block 12 to smoothly extend and retract along the length of the support arm 111.

[0030] In one specific embodiment, the driving component described in this embodiment is a hydraulic cylinder 13. The tail end of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 13 is connected to the support arm 111 through a first hinge shaft 14, and the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 13 is connected to the telescopic block 12 through a second hinge shaft 15.

[0031] As one specific implementation method, such as Figure 5 and Figure 13 As shown, the telescopic block 12 in this embodiment includes a main body 121 with a hollow square tube structure, the cross-sectional shape of which matches the inner cavity of the support arm 111. An end head 122 is provided at the outer end of the main body 121 (with the end furthest from the central axis 112 as the outer end). One end of the end head 122 is inserted into the inner cavity of the main body 121 and fixedly connected to the main body 121 by welding. The other end of the end head 122 has a tapered structure and extends to the outside of the main body 121. A first ear plate 123 is provided at the inner end of the main body 121. One end of the first ear plate 123 extends into the inner cavity of the main body 121 and is welded and fixed to the main body 121. The other end of the first ear plate 123 has a hinge hole for cooperating with the second hinge shaft 15. For example, the inner end of the main body 121 is provided with two first ear plates 123, the end of the piston rod of the oil cylinder 13 extends into the two first ear plates 123, and is rotatably connected to the two first ear plates 123 through the second hinge shaft 15.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the splitting assembly 2 includes a mounting frame 21, which is detachably fixed to the end of the left-extending support arm 111. Several splitting rods 22 are arranged below the mounting frame 21, and each splitting rod 22 is connected to the mounting frame 21 via ropes 23.

[0033] Preferably, each of the splitting rods 22 is connected to the mounting frame 21 by two ropes 23, and the two ropes 23 are symmetrically arranged about the axis of the splitting rod 22, thereby ensuring the vertical stability of the splitting rod 22 in the suspended state.

[0034] Preferably, the plurality of splitting rods 22 are arranged in an arc shape with the central axis 112 as the center, and the spacing between each splitting rod 22 is equal, so that the splitting rods 22 can be easily inserted into the annular splitting groove 54 during operation.

[0035] The splitting rod 22 is existing technology and can be obtained directly through external purchase; therefore, its specific structure will not be described in detail here. As a specific embodiment, the splitting rod 22 described in this embodiment is a PL-120 splitting rod 22 manufactured by Shanxi Zhongde Science & Technology Machinery Manufacturing Group Co., Ltd.

[0036] As one specific implementation method, such as Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 11 As shown, the mounting frame 21 in this embodiment includes a top plate 211 and a bottom plate 212 arranged in parallel. Two vertically arranged upright plates 213 are disposed between the top plate 211 and the bottom plate 212. The two ends of each upright plate 213 are fixedly connected to the top plate 211 and the bottom plate 212 by welding, thereby forming a rigid frame. The top plate 211, the bottom plate 212, and the upright plates 213 together form a square through hole 214, and the shape and size of the through hole 214 match the shape of the end of the support arm 111. The mounting frame 21 is fitted onto the left-extending support arm 111 through this through hole 214 and is fixedly fastened with bolts. The lower side of the base plate 212 is provided with a plurality of first eye bolts 2121 for connecting the rope 23, and the upper end face of the splitting rod 22 is provided with a second eye bolt 221 for connecting the rope 23. The two ends of the rope 23 are respectively connected to the first eye bolt 2121 and the second eye bolt 221.

[0037] like Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the extraction assembly 3 includes an extraction column 31, within which a pull rod 32 is slidably disposed. The axis of the pull rod 32 is parallel to the axis of the extraction column 31, and the pull rod 32 is axially slidable relative to the extraction column 31. The pull rod 32 includes a pull rod body 321 and a piston portion 322 disposed on the pull rod body 321. The piston portion 322 has a cylindrical structure and is coaxially disposed with the pull rod body 321, and the diameter of the piston portion 322 is larger than the diameter of the pull rod body 321. The extraction column 31 has a mounting hole 311 that mates with the pull rod 32. The mounting hole 311 includes a first section 3111 that mates with the pull rod body 321 and a second section 3112 that mates with the piston portion 322. The diameter of the first section 3111 is adapted to the diameter of the pull rod body 321, and the diameter of the second section 3112 is adapted to the diameter of the piston portion 322. The second orifice 3112 has an axial dimension larger than the piston portion 322. The piston portion 322 can slide axially within the second orifice 3112, thereby causing the pull rod 32 to undergo axial displacement relative to the extraction column 31. The extraction column 31 is provided with a first channel 3121 and a second channel 3122. One end of the first channel 3121 communicates with the outside, and the other end of the first channel 3121 communicates with one end of the second orifice 3112. Similarly, one end of the second channel 3122 communicates with the outside, and the other end of the second channel 3122 communicates with the other end of the second orifice 3112. The first channel 3121 and the second channel 3122 are respectively used to supply or discharge hydraulic oil into the second orifice 3112, thereby driving the piston portion 322 to slide within the second orifice 3112.

[0038] The piston portion 322 can be located at one end of the pull rod body 321, or at a non-end position of the pull rod body 321, that is, the piston portion 322 is disposed between the two ends of the pull rod body 321, for example, at the middle position.

[0039] As one specific implementation method, according to Figure 1In the coordinate system shown, the piston 322 in this embodiment is located at the upper end of the pull rod body 321. The pull rod 32 has a stepped shaft structure with the diameter decreasing from top to bottom. Both the first channel 3121 and the second channel 3122 include a horizontal section and a vertical section. The upper ends of the vertical sections of the first channel 3121 and the second channel 3122 are open ends and located on the upper surface of the extraction column 31. The horizontal section of the first channel 3121 communicates with the lower end of the second hole section 3112, and the horizontal section of the second channel 3122 communicates with the upper end of the second hole section 3112. The open ends of the first channel 3121 and the second channel 3122 are respectively connected to a hydraulic system (not shown in the figure) through pipes (not shown in the figure), thereby hydraulically driving the piston 322 to slide up and down within the second hole section 3112. When oil enters through the first channel 3121 and returns through the second channel 3122, the hydraulic oil pushes the piston 322 upward, causing the pull rod 32 to move upward; conversely, when oil returns through the first channel 3121 and enters through the second channel 3122, the hydraulic oil pushes the piston 322 downward, causing the pull rod 32 to move downward.

[0040] Here, the hydraulic system can also be replaced with a pneumatic system, which can drive the tie rod 32 to move axially.

[0041] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the pull rod 32 is coaxially arranged with the extraction column 31, and the mounting hole 311 penetrates the extraction column 31 axially. The mounting hole 311 also includes a third hole section 3113 located at the upper end of the second hole section 3112, and the diameter of the third hole section 3113 is larger than the diameter of the second hole section 3112. A sealing member 33 is provided in the third hole section 3113 to seal the upper opening of the mounting hole 311. The sealing member 33 is in a sealing fit with the third hole section 3113 to prevent hydraulic oil from leaking from the upper opening of the mounting hole 311. Setting the mounting hole 311 as a through structure facilitates processing and assembly, and also facilitates maintenance and replacement of the internal structure.

[0042] like Figure 6As shown, the sealing component 33 includes a sealing component body 331, which is cylindrical with external threads on its outer cylindrical surface. An internal thread is provided on the third hole section 3113 of the mounting hole 311. The sealing component 33 is detachably installed in the third hole section 3113 via threaded engagement. A cylindrical insertion boss 332 is provided on the lower end face of the sealing component body 331. The insertion boss 332 is inserted downwards into the second hole section 3112. At least one first sealing groove is provided on the outer cylindrical surface of the insertion boss 332. A first sealing ring 341 is provided in the first sealing groove. The first sealing ring 341 is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the second hole section 3112, thereby forming a reliable sealing structure. At least one second sealing groove is provided on the outer cylindrical surface of the piston portion 322 of the pull rod 32. A second sealing ring 342 is provided in the second sealing groove. The second sealing ring 342 is tightly fitted with the inner wall of the second hole section 3112, thereby maintaining good sealing performance when the piston portion 322 slides up and down, preventing hydraulic oil from leaking under pressure, and ensuring that the hydraulic system can stably and reliably drive the pull rod 32 to reciprocate. At least one third sealing groove is provided on the inner wall of the first hole section 3111 near the end of the second hole section 3112. A third sealing ring 343 is provided in the third sealing groove. The third sealing ring 343 is tightly fitted with the outer cylindrical surface of the pull rod body 321, thereby forming a sealing protection when the pull rod 32 moves up and down, preventing hydraulic oil in the second hole section 3112 from leaking downward along the pull rod body 321, thus ensuring the sealing performance and operational reliability of the entire hydraulic drive system.

[0043] In one specific embodiment, a first sealing ring 341 is provided between the insertion boss 332 and the second hole section 3112, a second sealing ring 342 is provided between the piston part 322 and the second hole section 3112, and a third sealing ring 343 is provided between the first hole section 3111 and the pull rod body 321.

[0044] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the extraction column 31 is provided with several sets of extraction components 35 along its axial direction. Each extraction component 35 includes two extraction blocks 351 and a drive crossbar 352 located between the two extraction blocks 351. The two extraction blocks 351 have identical structures and are arranged symmetrically about the axis of the extraction column 31. The extraction column 31 is provided with mounting notches 313 for accommodating the extraction blocks 351. The extraction blocks 351 are slidably disposed within the corresponding mounting notches 313. The angle between the sliding direction of the extraction block 351 and the axis of the extraction column is an acute angle, and the opening of this acute angle faces obliquely downwards. The drive crossbar 352 radially penetrates the pull rod body 321 of the pull rod 32 and is fixedly connected to the pull rod body 321 in a detachable manner. The end of the drive crossbar 352 passes through the side wall of the extraction column 31 and the extraction block 351 in sequence. The side wall of the extraction column 31 is provided with a first elongated hole 3131 for the drive crossbar 352 to pass through, and the extraction block 351 is provided with a second elongated hole 3511 for the drive crossbar 352 to pass through. When the pull rod 32 is pulled upward, the drive crossbar 352 moves upward accordingly, driving the extraction block 351 to slide obliquely upward along the mounting notch 313 through the second elongated hole 3511, thereby causing the extraction block 351 to retract inward into the mounting notch 313. At this time, the extraction block 351 is completely retracted into the mounting notch 313, and the outer diameter of the extraction column 31 is the outer diameter of the extraction assembly 3. The extraction assembly 3 can be smoothly lowered into the extraction hole 52 without interfering with the hole wall. When the pull rod 32 moves downward, the drive crossbar 352 moves downward accordingly. The extraction block 351, under its own weight, slides obliquely downward along the mounting notch 313, extending outward until its outer wall abuts against the inner wall of the extraction hole 52. If the extraction assembly 3 is then pulled upward, the friction between the extraction block 351 and the inner wall of the extraction hole 52 causes it to wedge further (i.e., slide further obliquely downward relative to the mounting notch 313), achieving a self-locking effect that tightens with each pull. This ensures that the rock extraction assembly 3 reliably clamps the rock column 56 during the pulling process, preventing it from loosening. The cooperative structure of the extraction block 351, drive crossbar 352, and mounting notch 313 allows the extraction assembly 3 to automatically clamp and release the rock column 56 without manual intervention during operation, greatly improving work efficiency.

[0045] Even if the extraction block 351 cannot slide smoothly due to its own gravity caused by jamming or other factors, when the drive bar 352 moves downward to the lower end of the second elongated hole, the drive bar 352 will continue to move downward and push the extraction block 351 downward through the lower end of the second elongated hole 3511. Once the extraction block 351 begins to slide, it can be forced to extend outward, thus ensuring that it can reliably unfold and wed the hole wall even under extreme working conditions. When the extraction assembly 3 is pulled upward, under the action of the upward pulling extraction force, the extraction block 351 will not be affected by jamming with the installation notch 313, and will still be pulled tighter and tighter, thus reliably clamping the rock column 56.

[0046] As one specific implementation method, such as Figure 8 and Figure 10 As shown, in this embodiment, the outer surface of the extraction block 351 is an arc surface, and the radius of this arc surface is the same as the radius of the extraction column 31. When the extraction block 351 is fully retracted, its outer surface is flush with the outer cylindrical surface of the extraction column 31, thereby ensuring that the extraction assembly 3 will not be stuck due to protrusion during the lowering process in the hole. The inner surface of the extraction block 351 is a slope, which slides in cooperation with the corresponding slope in the mounting notch 313, thereby achieving smooth telescopic movement under the drive of the drive bar 352. Preferably, the top surface of the extraction block 351 is a plane, and the projection of the extraction block 351 on a vertical plane parallel to the axis of the drive bar 352 is a right-angled triangle. The hypotenuse of the right-angled triangle is the slope that cooperates with the mounting notch 313, and the right-angled sides correspond to the top surface and the outer arc surface of the extraction block 351, respectively.

[0047] In addition, to further improve the contact stability between the extraction block 351 and the rock wall, an anti-slip structure 3512 is provided on the outer arc surface of the extraction block 351 to increase the friction coefficient and ensure that reliable clamping force can be maintained even if the rock surface is uneven or there is mud lubrication during the extraction process.

[0048] As one specific implementation method, such as Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, in this embodiment, the inclined surface of the extraction block 351 is provided with a dovetail groove 3513 with a dovetail structure. On the inclined surface of the mounting notch 313, on both sides of the first elongated hole 3131, guide rails 3132 are respectively provided to slide with the dovetail groove 3513. The cross-sectional shape of the guide rail 3132 matches the cross-section of the guide portion of the dovetail groove 3513, thereby forming a sliding fit.

[0049] Furthermore, when the drive crossbar 352 is at the lower limit position of the first elongated hole 3131, the guide rail 3132 still maintains engagement with the dovetail groove 3513. Thus, when the drive crossbar 352 is at the lower limit position of the first elongated hole 3131, the dovetail groove 3513 and the guide rail 3132 maintain a sliding engagement without disengaging, preventing the extraction block 351 from slipping out of the mounting notch 313 during downward movement. This ensures that even without a locking structure between the drive crossbar 352 and the extraction block 351, the extraction block 351 will not accidentally fall off.

[0050] In one specific implementation, the drive crossbar 352 described in this embodiment uses an elastic cylindrical pin. The elastic cylindrical pin can be locked and fixed to the pull rod 32 by its own elastic tension force, achieving a reliable connection between the drive crossbar 352 and the pull rod body 321 without the need for additional fasteners, while also facilitating disassembly and maintenance.

[0051] The drive crossbars 352 in different extraction components 35 can be in a parallel state, a perpendicular state, or an arbitrary angle state between parallel and perpendicular.

[0052] In one specific implementation, the extraction column 31 described in this embodiment is provided with two sets of extraction components 35 along the axial direction, and the drive crossbars 352 in the two sets of extraction components 35 are parallel.

[0053] Furthermore, the lower end of the extraction column 31 has a tapered structure, which guides the extraction assembly 3 to smoothly enter the extraction hole 52.

[0054] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 12 As shown, a balance block 4 is provided on the fixing frame 11. The balance block 4 is used to balance the eccentric load brought by the splitting component 2, so that the rock column splitting and extraction device as a whole remains balanced and avoids tilting during the up and down movement in the hole. That is, when the splitting component 2 is installed on one side of the fixing frame 11, the balance block 4 is set on the other side of the fixing frame 11 to counteract the eccentric torque generated by the splitting component 2 and ensure that the rock column splitting and extraction device is vertically stable in the hole.

[0055] The balance block 4 is detachably connected to the fixing frame 11. On the one hand, the weight of the balance block 4 can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual working conditions to adapt to different specifications of the splitting assembly 2. On the other hand, when the splitting assembly 2 is not needed, the balance block 4 can be removed as a whole, so that the rock column splitting extraction device can still maintain balance when moving up and down in the hole.

[0056] In one specific embodiment, the balance block 4 in this example includes a belly, with wings extending downwards perpendicular to the belly at both ends. The belly and wings together form a U-shaped structure with the opening facing downwards. The U-shaped balance block 4 straddles the corresponding support arm 111 of the fixing frame 11, thus forming a stable straddle-type mounting structure. A second ear plate 41 is provided at one end of the balance block 4 facing the central axis 112. The second ear plate 41 is connected to a reinforcing rib plate 113 on the corresponding support arm 111 by a bolt assembly 42. The reinforcing rib plate 113 is provided with a light hole for accommodating the bolt assembly 42. Through this connection method, the balance block 4 can be firmly fixed on the fixing frame 11, while facilitating disassembly, assembly, and adjustment.

[0057] Furthermore, a detachable lifting rod 16 is fixedly installed on the central shaft 112. The upper end of the lifting rod 16 is connected to a winch (not shown in the figure) via a sling (not shown in the figure) to realize lifting and hoisting control. The lower end of the lifting rod 16 is detachably fixedly connected to the upper end of the extraction unit 3.

[0058] As one specific implementation method, such as Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the central shaft 112 has a central hole extending axially through it. A lifting rod 16 passes through the central hole, with its upper end extending above the central shaft 112 and connected to a sling via a third lifting eye bolt 17. The lower end of the lifting rod 16 extends below the central shaft 112, and a limiting boss 161 is provided on the lifting rod 16 at the lower end of the central shaft 112. The lower end face of the central shaft 112 abuts against the limiting boss 161 and is fixed to the lifting rod 16 via a set screw (not shown in the figure). A stud 162 is provided on the lower end face of the lifting rod 16, and the upper end of the sealing member 33 has a threaded hole 333 that matches the stud 162. The sealing member 33 is connected and fixed to the lifting rod 16 via a threaded connection. Preferably, a connecting boss 334 with a regular hexagonal cross-section is provided on the upper end surface of the sealing component body 331. The connecting boss 334 is used to cooperate with tools such as wrenches to facilitate tightening or loosening of threaded connections, thereby improving the convenience of installation and disassembly of the sealing component 33. A threaded hole 333 for cooperating with the stud 162 is provided on the upper end surface of the connecting boss 334.

[0059] A method for rock column splitting and extraction for pile foundation drilling includes the following steps: S1, as Figure 14 and Figure 15As shown, an extraction hole 52 is drilled at the center of the bottom surface of the pile foundation hole 51, and multiple splitting holes 53 are continuously drilled at the edge of the bottom surface of the pile foundation hole 51, with adjacent splitting holes 53 partially overlapping to form a continuous annular splitting groove 54, thereby dividing the rock strata at the bottom of the pile foundation hole 51 into independent intermediate rock masses 55. The diameter of the extraction hole 52 is larger than the diameter of the extraction column 31 so that the extraction column 31 can be smoothly inserted into the extraction hole 52. The width of the splitting groove 54 is larger than the diameter of the splitting rod 22 so that the splitting rod 22 can be smoothly inserted into the splitting groove 54. The depth of the splitting groove 54 is greater than the depth of the extraction hole 52. Preferably, the diameter of the extraction hole 52 is 1.2-1.3 times the diameter of the extraction column 31; the width of the splitting groove 54 is 1.2-1.5 times the diameter of the splitting rod 22; and the depth of the splitting groove 54 is 1.8-2.5 times the depth of the extraction hole 52.

[0060] S2, as Figure 16 As shown, the splitting component 2 and the counterweight 4 are installed on the fixed frame 11. The winch suspends the rock column splitting and extraction device through the sling and slowly lowers the rock column splitting and extraction device into the pile hole 51.

[0061] Because the area around the pile foundation hole 51 is often uneven and lacks positioning benchmarks at the construction site, it is impossible to position the winch correctly to align the splitting rod 22 with the splitting groove 54. This often leads to problems during construction. Figure 17 As shown in the diagram, even if the position of the splitting rod 22 can be adjusted by moving the winch back and forth to align it with the splitting groove 54, repeated adjustments are required. Furthermore, the winch is heavy, making the adjustment process time-consuming and laborious, which seriously affects construction efficiency.

[0062] This application, by setting telescopic blocks 12 and driving components for extending and retracting the telescopic blocks 12 at the ends of each support arm 111, allows for the determination of the deviation direction between the splitting rod 22 and the splitting groove 54 based on the image information obtained by the camera when the splitting rod 22 cannot be aligned with the splitting groove 54. Based on this deviation direction, the telescopic blocks 12 on the corresponding support arm 111 are extended to abut against the hole wall, and the reaction force pushes the fixing frame 11 to move in the opposite direction until the splitting rod 22 is aligned with the splitting groove 54. This eliminates the need to move the winch, significantly simplifying the adjustment process and improving construction efficiency. Figure 17 As shown, if the splitting rod 22 deviates to the right and rear, the telescopic blocks 12 on the right and rear sides extend and abut against the hole wall, causing the fixing bracket 11 to move to the left front, thereby adjusting the splitting rod 22 to be aligned with the splitting groove 54, i.e. Figure 18 The location shown.

[0063] S3, as Figure 19As shown, after the splitting rod 22 is aligned with the splitting groove 54, the rock column splitting and extraction device is controlled to continue lowering, so that the splitting rod 22 is inserted into the splitting groove 54 and the bottom of the splitting rod 22 abuts against the rock layer. Then the splitting rod 22 is activated to separate the middle rock mass 55 from the bottom rock layer, forming a rock column 56 that can be extracted independently, i.e. Figure 20 The state shown.

[0064] S4. The rock column splitting and extraction device is slowly lifted by a winch. After the rock column splitting and extraction device is removed, the splitting part 2 and the balance block 4 are removed, and the extraction part 3 is installed on the fixed frame 11.

[0065] S5, such as Figure 21 As shown, the fixing frame 11 equipped with the extraction unit 3 is slowly lowered into the pile hole 51 again using a winch. Similarly, during this process, the problem of the extraction unit 3 not aligning with the extraction hole 52 will still occur. At this time, the image information obtained by the camera is used to determine the direction of deviation between the extraction unit 3 and the extraction hole 52, and the telescopic block 12 on the corresponding support arm 111 is controlled to extend according to the direction of deviation, so that it abuts against the hole wall, and the reaction force pushes the fixing frame 11 to move until the extraction unit 3 is aligned with the extraction hole 52. Figure 22 As shown, if the extraction assembly 3 deviates to the left and rear, the telescopic blocks 12 on the left and rear sides will extend and press against the hole wall, causing the fixing frame 11 to move to the right front, thereby adjusting the extraction assembly 3 to the position aligned with the extraction hole 52.

[0066] S6, such as Figure 23 As shown, the rock column splitting extraction device continues to be lowered, so that the extraction part 3 is inserted into the extraction hole 52. At this time, the pull rod 32 of the extraction part 3 is in the upward state, so that the extraction block 351 is retracted, ensuring that the extraction part 3 can smoothly enter the hole.

[0067] S7, after the uppermost extraction component 35 has also extended into the extraction hole 52, control the pull rod 32 to fall, causing the extraction block 351 to move downwards under its own weight and open outwards until it reaches the desired position. Figure 24 As shown, the block 351 is pressed against the wall of the extraction hole 52. At this time, the winch is operated to lift it up. Since the extraction block 351 is already in contact with the wall of the extraction hole 52, it is pulled tighter and tighter under the action of the inclined plane, thereby firmly extracting the rock column 56.

[0068] During the upward lifting of the rock column 56, the rock column 56 may sway due to the influence of wind force and the vibration of the equipment itself, causing it to get stuck on one side of the borehole wall, thus affecting the smooth extraction process. When this happens, it is only necessary to control the extension block 12 on the corresponding support arm 111 (i.e., the support arm 111 on the side where the rock column 56 is stuck) to extend and press against the borehole wall. The reaction force will push the rock column 56 away from the borehole wall, thus resuming the lifting process and ensuring that the rock column 56 is lifted smoothly.

[0069] S8, after the rock column 56 is lifted to the opening of the pile hole 51, the rock column 56 is moved to the designated position, and then the tie rod 32 is lifted to make the extraction block 351 retract, thereby removing the extraction unit 3 from the extraction hole 52 and completing the extraction operation of the rock column 56.

[0070] At this point, the entire process of splitting and extracting rock column 56 is complete. This application integrates the splitting assembly 2, the balancing block 4, and the extraction assembly 3 onto the same fixed frame 11, and utilizes the telescopic block 12 combined with image recognition to realize the splitting, positioning, and extraction operations, significantly improving construction efficiency and operational safety.

[0071] Example 2 like Figure 25 As shown, the piston portion 322 is located at the lower end of the pull rod body 321. Correspondingly, the mounting hole 311 includes, from top to bottom, a first hole section 3111, a second hole section 3112, and a third hole section 3113. The stud 162 at the lower end of the lifting rod 16 is directly inserted into the upper end of the first hole section 3111 of the mounting hole 311 and is fixedly connected to the extraction column 31 by a threaded connection. A back-tightening nut (not shown in the figure) is provided on the stud 162. A screw plug 36 is provided in the third hole section, which blocks the second hole section 3112, thereby forming a hydraulic chamber in the second hole section 3112 that is adapted to the piston portion 322. The remaining structure is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0072] Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided in this application by combining, splitting, or reorganizing the embodiments of this application do not exceed the protection scope of this application.

[0073] The above detailed embodiments have provided a detailed explanation of the purpose, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application. The above are merely specific embodiments of the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. That is, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made on the basis of the embodiments of this application should be included within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A rock column splitting and extraction device for pile foundation drilling, characterized in that: It includes a fixing frame (11), a splitting assembly (2), and an extraction assembly (3), wherein a camera is installed on the fixing frame (11); The edge of the fixed frame (11) is provided with a plurality of telescopic blocks (12) spaced apart, and a driving member for driving the telescopic blocks (12) to extend and retract is provided between the telescopic blocks (12) and the fixed frame (11); The splitting assembly (2) can be selectively installed at the edge of the fixing frame (11), and the splitting assembly (2) includes a splitting rod (22). The extraction assembly (3) can be selectively installed on the fixing frame (11); The extraction assembly (3) includes an extraction column (31), and a pull rod (32) is slidably disposed inside the extraction column (31). The pull rod (32) can move along the axial direction of the extraction column (31) under the drive of a hydraulic or pneumatic system. The extraction column (31) is provided with at least one set of lifting components, the lifting components include two symmetrically arranged extraction blocks (351) and a drive crossbar (352) provided on the pull rod (32). The extraction blocks (351) are slidably installed in the installation notch (313) of the extraction column (31), and the extraction blocks (351) are provided with a second elongated hole (3511) for accommodating the drive crossbar (352). When the pull rod (32) moves upward, the extraction block (351) retracts inward under the drive of the drive bar (352); when the pull rod (32) moves downward, the extraction block (351) extends outward and abuts against the side wall of the extraction hole (52) of the rock column (56).

2. The rock column splitting and extraction device for pile foundation drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing frame (11) includes a central shaft (112) and at least three radially fixed arms (111) on the outer periphery of the central shaft (112). Each arm (111) has a telescopic block (12) slidably disposed at its end. The sliding direction of the telescopic block (12) is along the extension direction of the arm (111).

3. The rock column splitting and extraction device for pile foundation drilling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support arm (111) is a hollow square tube structure. The telescopic block (12) includes a main body (121) and a tapered end head (122) disposed at the outer end of the main body (121). The main body (121) is slidably disposed in the inner cavity of the support arm (111). The driving component is a hydraulic cylinder (13). The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder (13) is hinged to the support arm (111), and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (13) is hinged to the main body (121).

4. The rock column splitting and extraction device for pile foundation drilling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The splitting assembly (2) also includes a mounting frame (21), which is detachably mounted on the end of one arm (111) of the fixed frame (11). The splitting rods (22) are suspended below the mounting frame (21) by ropes (23), and several splitting rods (22) are arranged in an arc with the center of the fixed frame (11) as the center.

5. A rock column splitting and extraction device for pile foundation drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pull rod (32) includes a pull rod body (321) and a piston part (322) disposed on the pull rod body (321). The extraction column (31) is provided with an axial mounting hole (311). The mounting hole (311) includes a first hole section (3111) that cooperates with the pull rod body (321) and a second hole section (3112) that cooperates with the piston part (322). The extraction column (31) is provided with a first channel (3121) and a second channel (3122). The first channel (3121) and the second channel (3122) are respectively connected to both ends of the second hole section (3112).

6. A rock column splitting and extraction device for pile foundation drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the extraction block (351) is an arc surface, and the inner surface of the extraction block (351) is a slope surface, which slides in cooperation with the slope surface in the mounting notch (313). A dovetail groove (3513) is provided on the slope surface of the extraction block (351), and a guide rail (3132) that slides in cooperation with the dovetail groove (3513) is provided on the slope surface of the mounting notch (313).

7. A rock column splitting and extraction device for pile foundation drilling according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drive crossbar (352) is an elastic cylindrical pin, and the outer surface of the extraction block (351) is provided with an anti-slip structure (3512).

8. A rock column splitting and extraction device for pile foundation drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a balance block (4), which is detachably connected to the side of the fixing frame (11) away from the splitting assembly (2) to balance the eccentric load brought by the splitting assembly (2).

9. A rock column splitting and extraction device for pile foundation drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the extraction column (31) has a conical structure.

10. A method for rock column splitting and extraction in pile foundation drilling, characterized in that: The rock column splitting and extraction device for pile foundation drilling as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is used. Includes the following steps, S1, Drill extraction holes (52) and annular splitting grooves (54) at the bottom of the pile foundation hole (51) to form an independent intermediate rock mass (55). S2, install the splitting part (2) onto the fixing frame (11), lower the device into the pile hole (51), during the lowering process, determine the deviation direction of the splitting rod (22) through the image captured by the camera, and control the telescopic block (12) at the corresponding position to extend and abut against the hole wall of the pile hole (51) according to the deviation direction, and push the fixing frame (11) to move through the reaction force until the splitting rod (22) is aligned with the splitting groove (54). S3, insert the splitting rod (22) into the splitting groove (54), start the splitting rod (22) to separate the middle rock mass (55) from the bottom rock layer to form a rock column (56). S4, lift and remove the rock column splitting extraction device, remove the splitting part (2), and install the extraction part (3) onto the fixing frame (11); S5, the rock column splitting extraction device with the extraction unit (3) installed is lowered into the pile hole (51) again. During the lowering process, the deviation direction of the extraction unit (3) is determined by the image captured by the camera, and the telescopic block (12) at the corresponding position is controlled to extend and abut against the hole wall of the pile hole (51) according to the deviation direction. The fixed frame (11) is moved by the reaction force until the extraction unit (3) is aligned with the extraction hole (52). S6, move the lever (32) of the extraction unit (3) upward, retract the extraction block (351), and insert the extraction unit (3) into the extraction hole (52); S7, move the pull rod (32) of the extraction unit (3) downward, so that the extraction block (351) extends outward and abuts against the hole wall of the extraction hole (52), and then lift the rock column splitting extraction device to pull out the rock column (56).

Images