Blowout preventer and drilling tool

Abstract

The application discloses a blowout preventer and a drilling tool, and relates to the technical field of safety protection of upward water exploration construction at the bottom of a shaft. The blowout preventer comprises a surrounding part, a flow cavity, an inlet and an outlet, the inlet and the outlet are communicated with the flow cavity, and the inlet is used for connecting a drill hole at the bottom of the shaft. A flow guide part is arranged at the bottom of the surrounding part, the flow guide part is provided with a flow guide groove, the flow guide groove is communicated with the outlet, the extension direction of the flow guide groove is arranged at an angle with the extension direction of the flow cavity, the flow guide groove is provided with a socket, and the socket is correspondingly communicated with the flow cavity. The blowout preventer and the drilling tool provided by the application are characterized in that the flow cavity of the surrounding part guides the gushing water flow, forms a closed constraint, the extension direction of the flow guide groove is arranged at an angle with the extension direction of flow cavity, the discharge direction of the water flow deviates from the position of the drill hole axis, the high-pressure water flow containing sand and gravel is prevented from being directly sprayed without constraint at the drill hole, and the drill machine and the operating personnel are directly impacted along the drill hole axis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of safety protection technology for upward water exploration construction at the bottom of well chutes, and particularly to a blowout preventer and drilling tool. Background Technology

[0002] In underground mining operations, the safety principle of "exploring water before construction" must be strictly adhered to in areas with aquifers. Blindly constructing water-exploring boreholes could lead to incalculable consequences and losses if large aquifers are exposed. However, when drilling water-exploring boreholes upwards from the bottom of a ore pass, high-pressure, sand-laden water can directly impact the drilling rig and personnel. Furthermore, the confined space of the ore pass and poor drainage can easily cause accidents such as blowouts, drill bit failure, ore pass blockage, and even casualties. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a blowout preventer and drilling tool to avoid high-pressure, gravel-laden water flow from being sprayed directly and unrestrained at the borehole opening, directly impacting the drilling rig and workers along the borehole axis.

[0004] A first aspect of this application provides a blowout preventer, comprising: a containment member having a flow chamber, an inlet, and an outlet, the inlet and outlet being respectively connected to the flow chamber, the inlet being used to connect to a borehole at the bottom of a well pass; and a guide member located at the bottom of the containment member, the guide member having a guide groove connected to the outlet, the extension direction of the guide groove being set at an angle to the extension direction of the flow chamber, the guide groove having an insertion hole corresponding to and connected to the flow chamber.

[0005] In some embodiments, the containment member includes: an external discharge pipe; a first buffer member disposed on the inner wall of the external discharge pipe; and / or a second buffer member having elasticity and covering at least a portion of the inner wall of the external discharge pipe.

[0006] In some embodiments, one end of the first buffer is connected to the inner wall of the external discharge tube, and the other end is a free end extending toward the center of the external discharge tube, and the extending direction of the first buffer forms an angle with the extending direction of the flow cavity.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first buffer is located on one side of the external discharge tube, and the second buffer at least covers the inner wall of the side opposite to the first buffer.

[0008] In some embodiments, the external discharge tube sequentially includes a first section and a second section along the extension direction of the flow cavity. The inner wall of the second section is formed by an arc-shaped wall and a planar wall. A first buffer and a second buffer are both disposed in the second section, with the first buffer connected to the arc-shaped wall and the second buffer disposed on the planar wall.

[0009] In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the external discharge tube tends to increase along the extension direction of the flow cavity.

[0010] In some embodiments, the enclosure further includes: a gate valve disposed on the external discharge pipe; and a connecting pipe, one end of which is an inlet for insertion into a borehole, and the other end of which is connected to the end of the gate valve away from the external discharge pipe.

[0011] In some embodiments, the cross-section of the guide channel tends to decrease along its extension direction.

[0012] In some embodiments, the flow guide includes a first flow guide section and a second flow guide section arranged at an angle, and the anti-spray device further includes: a first filter element, a flow guide groove disposed in the first flow guide section or the second flow guide section, the first filter element having a first filter surface, and the first filter surface covering the cross-section of the flow guide groove corresponding to the first flow guide section or the second flow guide section in which it is located.

[0013] A second aspect of this application provides a drilling tool, including: a blowout preventer; a drill rod and a drill bit connected to one end of the drill rod, wherein the drill rod is inserted into the drill bit along the extension direction of the flow cavity and passes through the flow cavity so that the drill bit extends into the borehole.

[0014] The blowout preventer and drilling tools provided in this application embodiment allow the drill rod to pass sequentially through the insertion hole of the guide member and the flow cavity of the containment member into the borehole during construction. When the borehole exposes the aquifer and high-pressure sand-laden water flows down, the water enters the flow cavity through the inlet, is constrained and guided along the flow cavity to the outlet, and then discharged directionally along the extension direction of the guide member via a guide channel connected to the outlet. The flow cavity of the containment member guides the gushing water flow, forming a closed constraint. The extension direction of the guide channel is set at an angle to the extension direction of the flow cavity, causing the water discharge direction to deviate from the location of the borehole axis. This prevents high-pressure sand-laden water from spraying directly and unconstrained at the borehole opening, directly impacting the drilling rig and workers along the borehole axis. Afterward, the water flow is guided to a designated location far away from the work area for discharge, ensuring the safety of workers and equipment as they are no longer in the direct impact path of the water flow. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a blowout preventer provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a drilling tool provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0016] Figure label: 1. Drilling tools; 11. Blowout preventer; 12. Drill rod; 111. Enclosure; 1111. Outlet pipe; 1111a. Flow chamber; 1112. First buffer; 1113. Second buffer; 1114. Gate valve; 1115. Connecting pipe; 112. Flow guide; 1121. Flow channel; 1121a. Insertion hole; 113. First filter; 114. Second filter; X. Extension direction of the flow channel; Y. Extension direction of the flow chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To better understand the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of this specification and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification, rather than limitations on the technical solutions of this specification. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this specification and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0018] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0019] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0020] In the description of this application, "first feature" and "second feature" may include one or more of the features.

[0021] In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more.

[0022] In the description of this application, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or it may include the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact through another feature between them.

[0023] In the description of this application, the terms "above," "over," and "on top" for the first feature and the second feature include the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature.

[0024] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0025] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

[0026] As shown in the figure, a first aspect of this application provides a blowout preventer 11, which includes a containment member 111 and a flow guide 112. The containment member 111 has a flow cavity 1111a, an inlet, and an outlet, which are respectively connected to the flow cavity 1111a. The inlet is used to connect to a borehole at the bottom of a well pass. The flow guide 112 is located at the bottom of the containment member 111 and has a flow channel 1121 connected to the outlet. The extension direction X of the flow channel forms an angle with the extension direction Y of the flow cavity. The flow channel 1121 has an insertion hole 1121a, which corresponds to and is connected to the flow cavity 1111a.

[0027] In one possible scenario, the blowout preventer 11 of this application can be applied to water exploration drilling and water release operations at the bottom of a well pass. The blowout preventer 11 can be installed at the bottom of the well pass, below the opening of the water exploration borehole. The containment member 111 can be a tubular component, which may have a flow cavity 1111a, an inlet, and an outlet. The flow cavity 1111a can be a through cavity running straight through both ends of the containment member 111. The inlet can be located at one end of the containment member 111, sharing the same opening as the cavity opening at one end of the flow cavity 1111a, for connection with the borehole opening at the bottom of the well pass. The outlet can be located at the other end of the containment member 111, sharing the same opening as the cavity opening at the other end of the flow cavity 1111a. The containment member 111 can be a straight tube with a circular or square cross-section, etc. In addition, the enclosure component 111 can also be made of two sections of pipe connected by flanges and bolts, which is convenient for segmented transportation and on-site assembly in the narrow space of the chute. Alternatively, it can be a single-piece pipe, which reduces the number of connection and sealing points and makes the pressure bearing more reliable.

[0028] The guide member 112 can be installed at the bottom of the enclosure member 111. The guide member 112 can be a long strip-shaped trough, and the space inside the trough is the guide channel 1121. The guide member 112 can be a rectangular cross-section chute formed by bending and welding steel plates, with the chute opening facing upwards to facilitate observation of the water flow and slag accumulation in the chute; or the guide member 112 can be a semi-circular trough formed by cutting a channel steel or a round pipe in half along the axial direction. One end of the guide channel 1121 can be located directly below the enclosure member 111 and receive the outlet. The body of the guide channel 1121 extends from the receiving point along the extension direction of the guide member 112 in a direction away from the borehole axis. The extension direction X of the guide channel is set at an angle to the extension direction Y of the flow cavity. For example, the flow cavity 1111a extends vertically, and the guide channel 1121 extends obliquely downwards, intersecting the flow cavity 1111a at an obtuse angle, using the height difference to accelerate the drainage of water in the trough. The angle between the extension direction X of the guide channel and the extension direction Y of the flow cavity can be set according to actual needs, such as 120°, 130° or 150°. The bottom of the guide member 112 can be provided with an insertion hole 1121a, which is vertically opposite to the outlet. The insertion hole 1121a, the outlet, and the flow cavity 1111a are coaxially arranged and interconnected. The diameter of the insertion hole 1121a can be adapted to the outer diameter of the drill rod 12, allowing the drill rod 12 to pass through. One end of the guide channel 1121 extends through the end wall of the guide member 112, thus forming an opening on the end wall that connects with the outlet. The outline of the opening matches the shape of the outlet, and the two can be coaxially corresponding. The flow cavity 1111a is directly connected to the guide channel 1121 via the outlet and the opening. Water flows out from the outlet and enters the guide channel 1121 through the opening. The end wall of the guide channel 1121 on the opening side is fixedly connected to the outlet end of the containment member 111. The end wall of the guide member 112 can be welded to the outer wall or outlet end face of the outlet end of the containment member 111, or a first flange surrounding the opening can be provided on the end wall of the guide member 112, and a corresponding second flange is provided at the outlet end of the containment member 111. The first flange and the second flange can be fastened together by bolts. In addition, a high-pressure resistant sealing gasket can be added between the mating surfaces of the first flange and the second flange to form a detachable connection, which facilitates the segmented transportation and on-site assembly of the device in the chute, and also facilitates the individual disassembly and replacement of the guide member 112 after wear.

[0029] During construction, the drill rod 12 passes from bottom to top through the insertion hole 1121a of the guide member 112, the outlet of the retaining member 111, and enters the flow chamber 1111a of the retaining member 111. It then extends into the borehole through the inlet of the retaining member 111 for drilling. When the borehole exposes an aquifer and high-pressure, sand-laden water flows down the borehole, the water enters the flow chamber 1111a through the inlet of the retaining member 111. Because the flow chamber 1111a is a circumferentially closed straight-through cavity, the water flow is constrained by the closed wall of the retaining member 111 and can only flow vertically downwards along the flow chamber 1111a to the outlet. After exiting the outlet, the water falls into the guide channel 1121. Because the extension direction X of the guide channel forms an angle with the extension direction Y of the flow chamber, the water flow is forced to change direction and is directed along the guide member 112 to a designated location in the chute away from the drilling rig and personnel. Thus, the enclosure component 111 forms a closed constraint on the gushing water flow, preventing the high-pressure sand-containing water flow from spraying directly and unrestrained at the borehole opening. The guide component 112 guides the water flow, causing the water flow discharge direction to deviate from the location of the borehole axis, preventing the water flow from directly hitting the workers and drilling rig along the direction of the borehole axis, and ensuring personal safety.

[0030] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the enclosure 111 may include: an external discharge pipe 1111, a first buffer 1112 and / or a second buffer 1113; the first buffer 1112 may be disposed on the inner wall of the external discharge pipe 1111; the second buffer 1113 may be elastic and cover at least part of the inner wall of the external discharge pipe 1111.

[0031] In one possible scenario, the enclosure component 111 may include an external venting pipe 1111. The external venting pipe 1111 may be a pressure-bearing pipe with open ends and a straight-through inner cavity. One open end may be an inlet, and the other open end may be an outlet. The inner cavity of the external venting pipe 1111 is part of the flow cavity 1111a. The external venting pipe 1111 may be a high-strength seamless steel pipe or a welded pipe formed by rolling or bending steel plates and then welding the longitudinal seams. The radial cross-section of the external venting pipe 1111 may be a circular cross-section, a square cross-section, etc. Furthermore, the outer wall of the external venting pipe 1111 may also be reinforced with ribs welded at intervals along the circumference to improve vibration and impact resistance.

[0032] To prevent erosion and wear of the pipe wall by sand-laden water flow, the inner wall of the external drain pipe 1111 may be provided with a first buffer 1112 or a second buffer 1113, or both. The first buffer 1112 may be a rigid baffle, such as a wear-resistant steel plate or a high-manganese steel plate, and is installed on the inner wall of the external drain pipe 1111. The first buffer 1112 may be a flat plate, a U-shaped plate, or an arc-shaped plate, etc. For example, when the first buffer 1112 is a U-shaped plate, the side facing away from the U-shaped opening can be connected to the inner wall of the external drain pipe 1111, and the U-shaped opening faces the center of the external drain pipe 1111, providing a clearance passage for the drill rod 12.

[0033] The side of the first buffer element 1112 facing the borehole can be a buffer surface, which can be a concave arc surface. When the concave arc surface faces the water, it has a converging effect on the water flow, causing the impacting water flow to slide and change direction along the arc surface, preventing the water flow from splashing randomly in all directions after impact. The buffer surface can also be a corrugated surface or a stepped surface. The undulation of the surface increases the contact path between the water flow and the buffer surface, causing the water flow to change direction multiple times as it flows over the buffer surface, gradually dissipating kinetic energy. In addition, a wear-resistant layer can be provided on the buffer surface, such as welding a wear-resistant alloy layer onto the buffer surface, or embedding wear-resistant ceramic patches or fixing a high-chromium cast iron liner, to improve the wear resistance life of the buffer surface under long-term scouring of sandy water flow. After the buffer surface wears down, only the wear-resistant layer on the surface of the buffer surface can be replaced while retaining the main body of the first buffer element 1112, reducing maintenance costs.

[0034] The second buffer element 1113 can be an elastic covering layer, such as a rubber liner, which covers the inner wall of the external discharge pipe 1111 by means of countersunk bolts or integral bonding, and uses the elastic deformation of rubber to absorb the residual impact of water flow and sand particles; or the second buffer element 1113 can be a polyurethane elastic liner. The second buffer element 1113 can cover the entire inner wall of the external discharge pipe 1111, or selectively cover part of the inner wall of the external discharge pipe 1111.

[0035] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, one end of the first buffer 1112 is connected to the inner wall of the external discharge tube 1111, and the other end is a free end extending toward the center of the external discharge tube 1111, and the extension direction of the first buffer 1112 forms an angle with the extension direction Y of the flow cavity.

[0036] In one possible scenario, the first buffer element 1112 can be arranged radially within the cavity of the external discharge pipe 1111. One end of the buffer element 1112 can be a fixed end, fixedly connected to the inner wall of the external discharge pipe 1111. The connection method can be welding or welding a mounting base with bolt holes onto the inner wall. The first buffer element 1112 is bolted to the mounting base, allowing for individual replacement after wear. The other end of the first buffer element 1112 can be a free end extending towards the center of the external discharge pipe 1111, i.e., the first buffer element 1112 can be cantilevered. The extending direction of the first buffer element 1112 plate forms an angle with the extending direction Y of the flow cavity. In other words, the first buffer element 1112 is not arranged in the direction of water flow along the wall, but rather obliquely facing the water. For example, the first buffer element 1112 can be inclined towards the center of the external discharge pipe 1111 from the inlet to the outlet direction of the confinement element 111. The first buffer 1112 can be a single inclined flat plate baffle or a baffle group formed by multiple baffles arranged at intervals along the extension direction Y of the flow cavity. A flow gap is left between two adjacent baffles. The kinetic energy of the water flow is reduced once each time it passes through a baffle, so as to achieve gradual pressure and speed reduction. In this way, the flow velocity and impact force of the high-pressure water flow are greatly reduced before it reaches the outlet and the guide 112, which reduces the impact on the outlet and the guide channel 1121, and ensures that the water flow is stably constrained in the flow cavity 1111a and smoothly discharged and turned.

[0037] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the first buffer 1112 is located on one side of the external discharge tube 1111, and the second buffer 1113 at least covers the inner wall of the side opposite to the first buffer 1112.

[0038] In one possible scenario, along the radial direction of the external discharge pipe 1111, the first buffer 1112 can be disposed on one side of the inner wall of the external discharge pipe 1111, and the second buffer 1113 can at least cover the inner wall of the side opposite to the first buffer 1112 along the radial direction of the pipe, that is, the two buffers are located at opposite ends in the diameter direction of the pipe cavity. After the high-pressure water flow impacts the first buffer 1112, its direction is deflected. Under the action of inertia, the deflected water flow will be thrown towards the pipe wall opposite to the first buffer 1112, forming a secondary impact on the inner wall of that side. This embodiment is arranged precisely for this water flow movement law: the first buffer 1112 can bear the frontal blocking and deflection on the water-facing side, and the second buffer 1113 with elasticity on the opposite side can receive the deflected water flow. When the water flow hits the elastic covering layer, the covering layer is compressed and deformed to absorb the impact kinetic energy, avoiding the deflected water flow from forming erosion pits or even penetration on the pipe wall of that side. The second buffer 1113 can be a rectangular elastic liner directly opposite the first buffer 1112, covering only the high-impact area directly opposite it. In this embodiment, through the rigid bending of the first buffer 1112 and the elastic support of the second buffer 1113, the impact energy on both sides of the water flow is gradually dissipated, reducing the impact of the water flow.

[0039] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the external discharge tube 1111 sequentially includes a first tube section and a second tube section along the extension direction Y of the flow cavity. The inner wall of the second tube section is formed by an arc-shaped wall and a flat wall. The first buffer 1112 and the second buffer 1113 are both disposed in the second tube section, and the first buffer 1112 is connected to the arc-shaped wall, while the second buffer 1113 is disposed on the flat wall.

[0040] In one possible scenario, the external discharge pipe 1111 can be a two-section structure, sequentially comprising a first section and a second section coaxially connected along the extension direction Y of the flow cavity. The first and second sections can be connected by flanges and bolts, or directly welded together. The first section can be a straight cylindrical section with a circular cross-section, with one end open as an inlet for connection with upstream components such as the gate valve 1114. The inner wall of the second section can be formed by an arc-shaped wall and a flat wall, with the arc-shaped wall and the flat wall arranged radially opposite each other along the second section. The two ends of the arc-shaped wall are connected to the two ends of the flat wall in the circumferential direction, making the radial cross-section of the inner cavity of the second section D-shaped.

[0041] The first buffer element 1112 can be connected to the arc-shaped wall. When the water flow changes direction, it impacts the arc-shaped wall and the first buffer element 1112. The arc-shaped structure has strong pressure-bearing capacity and can withstand the concentrated impact of the water flow without easily deforming. The second buffer element 1113 can be set on the flat wall. The flat wall provides a flat mounting base for the elastic second buffer element 1113. Whether the rubber liner is glued or the liner is fixed with bolts, the fit is more reliable and it is not easy to fall off due to water flow vibration. In addition, it is easy to open observation holes or maintenance holes on the flat wall and add sealing covers.

[0042] After the water flows down from the first section into the second section, it impacts the first buffer 1112 connected to the arc-shaped wall. The water is then deflected and thrown towards the radially opposite flat wall, where it is elastically caught by the second buffer 1113 on the flat wall, forming a buffering action of blocking and suction. Simultaneously, the inner cavity of the D-shaped cross-section guides the water flow to swirl gently along the wall, further reducing the flow velocity. The arc-shaped wall maintains the pressure-bearing strength of the pipe section, while the flat wall ensures reliable fixation and convenient maintenance of the elastic buffer layer. Together, these two mechanisms decelerate and reduce the pressure of the water flow before it is stably discharged into the guide channel 1121 through the outlet.

[0043] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the inner diameter of the external discharge tube 1111 tends to increase along the extension direction Y of the flow cavity.

[0044] In one possible scenario, the inner diameter of the external discharge pipe 1111 may tend to increase along the extension direction Y of the flow chamber, that is, the flow cross-section gradually expands along the flow direction from the inlet to the outlet. The external discharge pipe 1111 can be a conical straight pipe with an inner diameter that continuously increases along the flow direction, and the cavity wall can be a smooth inclined surface, allowing for a smooth water flow transition; or the external discharge pipe 1111 can be a stepped expanding straight pipe, which can be formed by sequentially connecting two or more circular pipe sections with progressively increasing diameters coaxially. The expanding section can also be located only in the lower half of the external discharge pipe 1111 near the outlet, while the upper half remains of constant diameter for connection with upstream components. After the high-pressure water flows into the flow chamber 1111a from the inlet, as the cavity diameter gradually increases, the flow area of ​​the water gradually expands, and the flow velocity and dynamic pressure gradually decrease, achieving gradual expansion and slow-release pressure reduction of the water flow, thus reducing the impact and vibration borne by the outlet and the lower guide member 112.

[0045] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the enclosure 111 further includes a gate valve 1114 and a connecting pipe 1115. The gate valve 1114 may be located in the external discharge pipe 1111. One end of the connecting pipe 1115 is an inlet for insertion into a borehole, and the other end is used to connect to the end of the gate valve 1114 away from the external discharge pipe 1111.

[0046] In one possible scenario, the containment component 111 may also include a gate valve 1114 and a connecting pipe 1115, all three arranged coaxially in sequence along the Y-direction of the flow cavity. The connecting pipe 1115 may be a straight pipe, with one end serving as the aforementioned inlet, inserted upwards into the borehole from the bottom of the well. The connecting pipe 1115 may be a high-strength seamless steel pipe, and the annular gap between its inserted section and the borehole wall can be sealed by injecting high-concentration cement slurry. After passing a pressure test, it can be put into use. A flange may be welded to the exposed end of the connecting pipe 1115. Spiral ribs or circumferential ribs may be welded to the outer wall of the inserted section of the connecting pipe 1115 to increase the contact area with the cement slurry solidified body and prevent the connecting pipe 1115 from being pushed out under the impact of high-pressure water flow. Gate valve 1114 can be installed between connecting pipe 1115 and external drain pipe 1111. Gate valve 1114 is a high-pressure flat gate valve with a full-bore structure. When opened, the valve plate is completely withdrawn from the flow channel, without obstructing the passage of drill rod 12 and with low flow resistance. Both ends of gate valve 1114 can be flange interfaces. One end is connected to the exposed flange of connecting pipe 1115 by flange bolts, and the other end is connected to the flange at the upper end of external drain pipe 1111 by flange bolts. That is, connecting pipe 1115 is connected to the end of gate valve 1114 away from external drain pipe 1111, thereby forming a closed channel, i.e., flow chamber 1111a, in which the drill hole, connecting pipe 1115, gate valve 1114, and external drain pipe 1111 are sequentially connected and coaxial. High-pressure resistant sealing gaskets are added between the flange connection surfaces. During normal drilling, the gate valve 1114 can be fully open, and the drill rod 12 can pass through the insertion hole 1121a, the external discharge pipe 1111, the gate valve 1114 and the connecting pipe 1115 in sequence to enter the borehole, and the drilling operation is not hindered in any way. When the water inflow is large and the drill needs to be withdrawn, the gate valve 1114 is closed after the drill rod 12 is withdrawn, which can reliably cut off the water flow channel at the borehole opening and achieve controllable water stoppage.

[0047] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the cross-section of the guide channel 1121 tends to decrease along the extension direction X of the guide channel.

[0048] In one possible scenario, the cross-section of the guide channel 1121 tends to decrease along its extension direction X. The two sidewalls of the guide channel 1121 gradually converge along the extension direction, resulting in a narrowing width while maintaining a constant depth; alternatively, the bottom of the guide channel 1121 gradually rises along the extension direction, resulting in a shallower depth; or both the width and depth may gradually decrease. The end of the guide channel 1121 can be an open discharge end, aligned with a designated safe discharge position within the chute. As the sand-laden water flows along the guide channel 1121, some sand particles and drill cuttings settle along the way, reducing the water flow rate. If the cross-section remains constant along the flow path, the downstream water velocity will gradually decrease, making it easier for sand particles to accumulate and even block the guide channel 1121. The narrowing cross-section allows the downstream water flow to maintain a sufficient velocity even with reduced flow, providing continuous self-scouring to the bottom of the channel and preventing the accumulation of cuttings and debris that could block the guide channel 1121, ensuring unobstructed flow throughout the entire discharge path.

[0049] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the flow guide 112 includes a first flow guide section and a second flow guide section arranged at an angle, and the anti-spray device 11 further includes: a first filter 113, a flow guide groove 1121 disposed in the first flow guide section or the second flow guide section, the first filter 113 having a first filter surface, and the first filter surface covering the cross-section of the flow guide groove 1121 corresponding to the first flow guide section or the second flow guide section in which it is located.

[0050] In one possible scenario, the guide member 112 can be a two-section zigzag channel, comprising a first guide section and a second guide section arranged at an angle, with the guide channels 1121 within the first and second guide sections sequentially connected. One end of the first guide section can be located directly below the containment member 111 and receive the outlet, while the second guide section can be connected to the other end of the first guide section and extend towards a safe discharge position within the chute. The first guide section can extend obliquely downwards from the central axis of the external discharge pipe 1111 in the direction from the inlet to the outlet of the containment member 111, away from the central axis of the external discharge pipe 1111. The second guide section extends obliquely downwards from the end of the first guide section, utilizing the elevation difference to accelerate discharge and guide the water flow to a lower location. The angle between the first and second guide sections can be set according to actual needs, such as 120°, 130°, etc.

[0051] The first and second guide sections are arranged at an obtuse angle to bypass obstacles such as drilling rigs and pipelines within the well pass, flexibly adapting to confined spaces. The first and second guide sections can be integrally bent and formed, or they can be manufactured separately and then connected by bolts to the flanges at the groove ends or welded on-site. The segmented structure facilitates downhole transport and angle adjustment.

[0052] The blowout preventer 11 may further include a first filter element 113. The first filter element 113 may be disposed in the guide channel 1121 of the first guide section or the guide channel 1121 of the second guide section. The first filter element 113 may have a first filter surface, and the first filter surface covers the cross-section of the guide channel 1121 of the guide section in which it is located, that is, all water flowing through the guide section must pass through the filter surface. The first filter element 113 may be a net bag hanging in the guide channel 1121. The edge of the net bag opening is fixed to the side wall of the channel by hooks or bolts. The opening is open and covers the cross-section of the channel. Water flows through the net bag and is discharged away, while drilling cuttings and sand particles are retained. There may be multiple net bags, and multiple net bags may be arranged at intervals along the extension direction X of the guide channel to achieve graded interception of cuttings. The first filter element 113 can be a grid screen plate placed obliquely in the guide channel 1121, that is, the screen plate is perpendicular to the bottom of the guide channel 1121. The lower end of the screen plate can be hinged or inserted into the bottom of the channel, and the screen plate can abut against the side wall of the channel. The screen plate surface covers the channel cross section, and the intercepted slag particles slide down along the oblique plate surface to the slag collection area in front of the plate for easy cleaning.

[0053] The blowout preventer 11 may also include a second filter element 114, which may be a mesh bag, such as a bag made of metal wire mesh or high-strength fiber woven mesh. The walls of the filter chamber are permeable to water, allowing water to flow through the filter bag and be discharged, while debris is retained. The opening of the filter bag can be tightened with clamps or tied with ropes to a ring around the insertion hole 1121a on the back of the tank bottom. The filter bag may have an opening for the drill rod 12 to pass through. In this embodiment, the second filter element 114 is attached below the insertion hole 1121a, and all the flowing and leaking water and stone debris fall into the second filter element 114, while the debris is trapped in the filter chamber, achieving separation of slag and water and directional collection at the insertion hole 1121a.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, a second aspect of the present application provides a drilling tool 1, which includes a blowout preventer 11, a drill rod 12, and a drill bit connected to one end of the drill rod 12. The drill rod 12 is inserted into the drill bit along the extension direction Y of the flow cavity and passes through the flow cavity 1111a so that the drill bit extends into the borehole.

[0055] The drilling tool 1 includes the blowout preventer 11 described in any of the above embodiments, as well as a drill rod 12 and a drill bit. The drill rod 12 can be a long, straight, round rod, arranged vertically along the extension direction Y of the flow cavity. The drill bit can be a diamond drill bit or an alloy drill bit, etc., connected to one end of the drill rod 12. The drill rod 12 passes sequentially from bottom to top through the insertion hole 1121a on the bottom of the guide member 112, the external discharge tube 1111, the gate valve 1114, and the connecting pipe 1115, so that the drill bit extends into the borehole for upward drilling. The diameter of the insertion hole 1121a can be larger than the outer diameter of the drill rod 12, and the annular gap between the two allows the drill rod 12 to rotate freely and be fed. An elastic sealing ring or packing can be installed at the insertion hole 1121a, which is fitted around the drill rod 12. The sealing ring is fixed to the bottom of the groove and surrounds the drill rod 12. While allowing the drill rod 12 to rotate and feed axially, it seals the gap between the drill rod 12 and the insertion hole 1121a, preventing water from splashing out from the insertion hole 1121a.

[0056] When using this drilling tool 1 for upward water exploration drilling from the bottom of a well pass, the drill rod 12 remains within the coaxial flow chamber 1111a formed by the insertion hole 1121a, the external drain pipe 1111, the gate valve 1114, and the connecting pipe 1115 throughout the entire drilling process. Whenever the drilling rig exposes an aquifer, the gushing high-pressure, sand-laden water immediately enters the flow chamber 1111a, is confined and slowed by the containment member 111, and then flows from the outlet into the guide channel 1121, directionally discharged along the guide member 112 to a location far from the work area. The personnel and the drilling rig are never directly impacted by the water flow. Thus, the drilling tool 1 integrates drilling and blowout prevention functions, enabling continuous water exploration operations while drilling, preventing blowouts, and draining water. This avoids blowouts, drill bit jacking, well pass blockages, and personnel injuries, ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment during upward water exploration drilling from the bottom of the well pass.

[0057] In some embodiments, the blowout preventer 11 may further include a flushing pipe connected to the external drain pipe 1111 and communicating with the flow chamber 1111a, for introducing flushing medium into the flow chamber 1111a to flush it. The flushing pipe may be connected to the upper side wall of the external drain pipe 1111, with its opening extending obliquely downward into the flow chamber 1111a and facing the outlet. The flushing medium is sprayed in the direction of water flow, directly driving the sediment towards the outlet below; or the flushing pipe may be tangentially connected to the pipe wall of the external drain pipe 1111, and the flushing medium introduced forms a swirling flow in the flow chamber 1111a, flushing the entire circumferential pipe wall and the surfaces of the first buffer 1112 and the second buffer 1113 without dead angles. There may also be multiple flushing pipes, arranged at intervals along the circumference or axial direction of the external drain pipe 1111, for zoned flushing and to avoid flushing blind spots.

[0058] It should be noted that the descriptions of each embodiment in the above embodiments have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0059] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0060] Although preferred embodiments have been described in this specification, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this specification.

[0061] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this specification without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, this specification is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A blowout preventer, characterized in that, include: A containment component has a flow cavity, an inlet, and an outlet, wherein the inlet and the outlet are respectively connected to the flow cavity, and the inlet is used to connect to a borehole at the bottom of the chute; A flow guide is located at the bottom of the enclosure. The flow guide has a flow channel that is connected to the outlet. The extension direction of the flow channel is set at an angle to the extension direction of the flow cavity. The flow channel is provided with an insertion hole that corresponds to and is connected to the flow cavity.

2. The blowout preventer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The enclosure components include: External leakage pipe; A first buffer element is disposed on the inner wall of the external discharge pipe; and / or The second buffer element, which is elastic, covers at least a portion of the inner wall of the external discharge tube.

3. The blowout preventer according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the first buffer is connected to the inner wall of the external discharge tube, and the other end is a free end extending toward the center of the external discharge tube, and the extension direction of the first buffer forms an angle with the extension direction of the flow cavity.

4. The blowout preventer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first buffer is located on one side of the external discharge tube, and the second buffer covers at least the inner wall of the side opposite to the first buffer.

5. The blowout preventer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The external discharge tube includes a first section and a second section in sequence along the extension direction of the flow cavity. The inner wall of the second section is formed by an arc-shaped wall and a flat wall. The first buffer and the second buffer are both disposed in the second section, and the first buffer is connected to the arc-shaped wall and the second buffer is disposed in the flat wall.

6. The blowout preventer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the external discharge tube tends to increase along the extension direction of the flow cavity.

7. The blowout preventer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The enclosure components also include: A gate valve is provided in the external discharge pipe. The connecting pipe has one end as the inlet for insertion into the borehole, and the other end for connection to the end of the gate valve away from the external discharge pipe.

8. The blowout preventer according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Along the extension direction of the guide channel, the cross-section of the guide channel tends to decrease.

9. The blowout preventer according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The flow guide includes a first flow guide section and a second flow guide section arranged at an angle, and the blowout preventer further includes: A first filter element is disposed in the flow channel of the first flow section or the second flow section. The first filter element has a first filter surface, and the first filter surface covers the cross-section of the flow channel corresponding to the first flow section or the second flow section in which it is located.

10. A drilling tool, characterized in that, include: The blowout preventer as described in any one of claims 1-9; A drill rod and a drill bit connected to one end of the drill rod, wherein the drill rod is inserted into the drill bit along the extension direction of the flow cavity and passes through the flow cavity so that the drill bit extends into the borehole.

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