A separation layer grouting method and system based on separation layer dynamic identification and partition collaborative control

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of coal mine strata control and mine safety, and discloses a method and system for bed separation grouting based on dynamic identification and partitioned collaborative control. The method comprises: obtaining overburden bed separation development information corresponding to the overburden region of the stope; dynamically identifying the bed separation region of the overburden region of the stope according to the overburden bed separation development information, determining a plurality of bed separation zones and the bed separation development characteristics corresponding to each bed separation zone; determining the target grouting parameters of each bed separation zone according to the bed separation development characteristics, and determining the target grouting borehole parameters according to the overburden fracture development direction and the bed separation expansion trend; arranging grouting boreholes according to the target grouting borehole parameters, and performing partitioned grouting according to the target grouting parameters; adjusting the target grouting parameters according to the grouting process monitoring results, and continuing grouting according to the adjusted target grouting parameters. The present disclosure can improve the pertinence and dynamic adaptability of bed separation grouting, and reduce local bed separation filling deficiency and grout waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of coal mine strata control and mine safety technology, and in particular to a delamination grouting method and system based on dynamic delamination identification and zoned collaborative control. Background Technology

[0002] During coal seam mining, the overlying strata undergo bending deformation, fracture, and delamination under the influence of mining activities. The lack of coordination in deformation between different strata can easily lead to large-scale delamination spaces. To mitigate risks such as overlying structural instability, increased surface subsidence, and the development of water-conducting fracture zones, the industry commonly employs delamination grouting to fill and reinforce the delaminations. However, given the dynamic evolution of overlying delaminations and the varying delamination development characteristics in different areas, accurately identifying delamination areas and implementing differentiated grouting control for different delamination areas remains a major challenge.

[0003] In related technologies, delamination grouting typically involves injecting grout into the delamination space through surface boreholes or downhole grouting boreholes. It mainly relies on field experience to determine the grouting area, borehole parameters, and grouting parameters. There is a lack of unified analysis of overburden delamination development information and zonal control of different delamination areas. Furthermore, it is difficult to adjust grouting parameters in a timely manner based on monitoring results during the grouting process. This leads to insufficient filling of local delaminations, difficulty in controlling the grout diffusion range, or grout waste. As a result, it is impossible to effectively enhance the overall stability of the overburden while improving the delamination grouting treatment effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides a delamination grouting method and system based on dynamic delamination identification and zoned collaborative control.

[0005] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a delamination grouting method based on dynamic delamination identification and zoned collaborative control is provided, comprising: Obtain information on the development of overburden delamination in the overburden area of ​​the stope; the overburden delamination development information is used to characterize the delamination development features, overburden fracture development direction and delamination expansion trend in the overburden area of ​​the stope. Based on the information on the development of overburden delamination, dynamic identification of delamination areas is carried out in the overburden area of ​​the mining area to determine multiple delamination areas and the delamination development characteristics corresponding to each delamination area. Based on the delamination development characteristics of each delamination zone, the target grouting parameters for each delamination zone are determined, and based on the development direction of overburden fractures and the delamination expansion trend, the target grouting borehole parameters for each delamination zone are determined. According to the target grouting borehole parameters corresponding to each delamination zone, grouting boreholes corresponding to each delamination zone are laid out, and grouting is performed on each delamination zone through the grouting boreholes corresponding to each delamination zone according to the target grouting parameters corresponding to each delamination zone. For any delamination zone, during the grouting process, the monitoring results of the grouting process corresponding to the delamination zone are obtained. The target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination zone are adjusted according to the monitoring results to obtain the adjusted target grouting parameters. Then, grouting is continued in the delamination zone through the grouting borehole corresponding to the delamination zone according to the adjusted target grouting parameters.

[0006] Furthermore, information on the development of overlying delamination in the overlying rock area of ​​the mining area is obtained, including: A multi-source delamination monitoring method was adopted to collect delamination monitoring data corresponding to the overburden area of ​​the stope; the multi-source delamination monitoring method included a variety of monitoring methods selected from borehole television observation, microseismic monitoring, distributed optical fiber monitoring, borehole stress monitoring and roof delamination monitoring; The delamination monitoring data are integrated to establish a delamination dynamic monitoring database. The delamination dynamic monitoring database is used to record delamination height, delamination thickness, fracture propagation range, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, rock stratum displacement, stress change value, and fracture development degree. Based on the data recorded in the dynamic monitoring database of overburden separation, the development information of overburden separation in the overburden area of ​​the mining area is determined.

[0007] Furthermore, based on the overburden delamination development information, dynamic identification of delamination areas is performed in the overburden area of ​​the mining area to determine multiple delamination zones and their corresponding delamination development characteristics, including: Extract the thickness of the abscission layer, the fracture connectivity rate, the microseismic frequency, and the displacement of the rock strata from the information on the development of the abscission layer in the overlying strata; A delamination development level determination model was adopted to jointly analyze the delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and rock stratum displacement to obtain the delamination development level determination results. Based on the results of the delamination development level determination, the overlying rock area of ​​the mining area is dynamically divided into multiple delamination zones. The delamination development level, delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and rock displacement of each delamination zone are determined as the delamination development characteristics of each delamination zone.

[0008] Furthermore, the target grouting parameters corresponding to each delamination zone are determined, including: Based on the delamination development characteristics of each delamination zone, a differentiated grouting model is established for each delamination zone. The differentiated grouting model is used to characterize the relationship between the delamination development characteristics of the corresponding delamination zone and the grouting pressure, grouting flow rate and grout concentration. Based on the differentiated grouting model corresponding to each delamination zone, the target grouting parameters corresponding to each delamination zone are determined respectively; among which, the target grouting parameters include grouting pressure, grouting flow rate and grout concentration.

[0009] Furthermore, the target grouting drilling parameters include drilling angle, drilling depth, drilling spacing, grouting sequence, and segmented grouting length.

[0010] Furthermore, the target grouting borehole parameters corresponding to each delamination zone are determined, including: By combining spatial fracture network analysis with multivariate nonlinear fitting, the borehole angle, borehole depth, borehole spacing, grouting sequence, and segmented grouting length are optimized in a coordinated manner based on the development direction of overburden fractures and the delamination propagation trend. In the process of collaborative optimization, weighting coefficients are introduced, and grouting pressure, grout diffusion radius, crack filling rate and grout utilization rate are used as optimization objectives to conduct a comprehensive evaluation and obtain a comprehensive evaluation result. Based on the comprehensive evaluation results, the drilling angle, drilling depth, drilling spacing, grouting sequence, and segmented grouting length were adjusted to determine the target grouting drilling parameters for each separation zone.

[0011] Furthermore, the monitoring results of the grouting process include grouting pressure monitoring results, grouting flow rate monitoring results, grout diffusion radius monitoring results, borehole return grout monitoring results, microseismic activity monitoring results, and rock stratum settlement monitoring results; Adjust the target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination zone based on the monitoring results of the grouting process, including: Based on the monitoring parameters and preset adjustment conditions corresponding to each monitoring parameter in the grouting process monitoring results, the adjustment judgment result corresponding to each monitoring parameter is determined; wherein, the adjustment judgment result is used to indicate whether the corresponding monitoring parameter meets the corresponding preset adjustment condition. When any adjustment judgment result indicates that the corresponding monitoring parameter meets the corresponding preset adjustment condition, the monitoring parameter corresponding to the adjustment judgment result is determined as the trigger monitoring parameter. The corresponding grouting control method is determined according to the trigger monitoring parameter, and the target grouting parameter corresponding to the delamination zone is adjusted according to the grouting control method.

[0012] Furthermore, the corresponding grouting control method is determined based on the trigger monitoring parameters, and the target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination zone are adjusted according to the grouting control method, including: When the trigger monitoring parameter is grouting pressure, and the monitored grouting pressure is greater than or equal to 1.15 times the grouting pressure in the target grouting parameter corresponding to the delamination zone, reduce the grouting flow rate and suspend grouting of the current grouting hole section. When the trigger monitoring parameter is the grout diffusion radius, and the monitored grout diffusion radius is less than the preset grout diffusion radius corresponding to the delamination zone, the grouting pressure is increased and the grout concentration is adjusted. When the trigger monitoring parameter is microseismic activity, and the monitored microseismic activity meets the preset abnormal conditions, the grouting pressure is reduced, high-pressure grouting is stopped, and low-pressure stabilizing grouting is switched.

[0013] Furthermore, after completing the grouting of each delamination zone, the method also includes: Obtain grouting effect test results; these results include borehole re-measurement results, wave velocity test results, microseismic activity analysis results, and surface subsidence monitoring results. Based on the grouting effect test results, the delamination filling effect of each delamination zone is comprehensively evaluated, and the delamination filling rate corresponding to each delamination zone is determined. When the delamination filling rate of any delamination zone is less than 85%, secondary reinforcement grouting is performed on the delamination zone.

[0014] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a delamination grouting system based on dynamic delamination identification and zoned collaborative control is provided. The system includes: a delamination monitoring device, a ground control terminal, drilling equipment, grouting equipment, and a grouting process monitoring device; the delamination monitoring device, drilling equipment, and grouting process monitoring device are respectively communicatively connected to the ground control terminal, and the ground control terminal is controlled by the grouting equipment. The overburden delamination monitoring device is used to obtain overburden delamination development information corresponding to the overburden area of ​​the stope; among which, the overburden delamination development information is used to characterize the delamination development characteristics, overburden fracture development direction and delamination expansion trend within the overburden area of ​​the stope. The ground control terminal is used to dynamically identify the delamination area in the overlying rock area of ​​the mining area based on the overlying rock delamination development information, and to determine multiple delamination areas and the delamination development characteristics corresponding to each delamination area. The ground control terminal is also used to determine the target grouting parameters for each delamination zone based on the delamination development characteristics of each delamination zone, and to determine the target grouting borehole parameters for each delamination zone based on the development direction of overburden fractures and the delamination expansion trend. Drilling equipment is used to perform drilling construction according to the target grouting borehole parameters corresponding to each delamination zone, forming grouting boreholes corresponding to each delamination zone. The grouting equipment is used to grout each delamination zone according to the target grouting parameters corresponding to each delamination zone through the corresponding grouting boreholes. The grouting process monitoring device is used to obtain the grouting process monitoring results corresponding to any delamination zone during the grouting process of any delamination zone; The ground control terminal is also used to adjust the target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination zone based on the monitoring results of the grouting process, obtain the adjusted target grouting parameters, and control the grouting equipment to continue grouting the delamination zone through the grouting borehole corresponding to the delamination zone based on the adjusted target grouting parameters.

[0015] This disclosure provides a method and system for delamination grouting based on dynamic delamination identification and zoned collaborative control. In this embodiment, firstly, delamination development information of the overburden area in the stope is obtained; wherein, the delamination development information is used to characterize the delamination development features, overburden fracture development direction, and delamination expansion trend within the overburden area of ​​the stope; then, based on the delamination development information, dynamic delamination area identification is performed in the overburden area of ​​the stope to determine multiple delamination zones and their corresponding delamination development features; subsequently, based on the delamination development features of each delamination zone, target grouting parameters are determined for each delamination zone, and based on the overburden fracture development direction and delamination expansion trend... The layer expansion trend was analyzed to determine the target grouting borehole parameters for each delamination zone. Then, grouting boreholes were laid out according to these parameters, and grouting was performed on each delamination zone through these boreholes according to the target grouting parameters. Finally, for any delamination zone, monitoring results of the grouting process were obtained, and the target grouting parameters were adjusted based on these results. The adjusted target grouting parameters were then used to continue grouting the delamination zone through the corresponding boreholes.

[0016] As described above, this embodiment uses overburden delamination development information as the unified basis for dynamic identification of delamination areas and determination of grouting schemes. By dynamically identifying delamination areas in the overburden area of ​​the mining area, multiple delamination zones and their corresponding delamination development characteristics are determined. Then, target grouting parameters are determined for different delamination zones, and target grouting borehole parameters are determined in combination with the development direction of overburden fractures and the delamination expansion trend, so that the grouting parameters and grouting borehole layout match the delamination development state of the corresponding delamination zone. On this basis, this embodiment implements grouting through the grouting boreholes corresponding to each delamination zone, and adjusts the target grouting parameters according to the grouting process monitoring results of the corresponding delamination zone during the grouting process, so that the subsequent grouting process adapts to the actual grouting state, forming a closed-loop control that combines dynamic delamination identification, zoned grouting, and feedback adjustment. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed herein can solve the problems of inaccurate delamination identification, coarse grouting control, and lack of dynamic feedback adjustment in related technologies, reduce insufficient filling of local delamination and grout waste, improve the situation where the grout diffusion range is difficult to control, and improve the pertinence of delamination grouting control, grout utilization efficiency and overall stability of overburden. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from the more detailed description of the embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of this disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this disclosure to explain the disclosure and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings, the same reference numerals generally represent the same components or steps.

[0018] Figure 1 A flowchart of a delamination grouting method based on dynamic delamination identification and zoned collaborative control provided in this disclosure embodiment; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of obtaining overburden delamination development information corresponding to the overburden area in the mining area, as provided in this embodiment of the disclosure. Figure 3 This is a flowchart for dynamically identifying delamination areas in the overburden area of ​​a mining area, provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic identification results of the overburden delamination area provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 5 A flowchart for determining the target grouting parameters corresponding to each delamination zone is provided for embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 6 A flowchart for determining the target grouting borehole parameters corresponding to each delamination zone is provided in the embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the grouting borehole arrangement structure provided in the embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 8 A flowchart for adjusting target grouting parameters based on grouting process monitoring results provided in this embodiment of the disclosure; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grouting dynamic feedback control part provided in the embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 10 A flowchart for evaluating grouting effect and reinforcing grouting provided in this embodiment of the disclosure; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the stable overburden structure after delamination grouting provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the delamination dynamic identification and zoned collaborative control grouting system provided in this embodiment of the disclosure; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: Ground control terminal-1201; Overburden separation monitoring device-1202; Grouting process monitoring device-1203; Drilling equipment-1204; Grouting equipment-1205. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While some embodiments of this disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of this disclosure. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of this disclosure are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0020] It should be understood that the steps described in the method embodiments of this disclosure may be performed in different orders and / or in parallel. Furthermore, the method embodiments may include additional steps and / or omit the steps shown. The scope of this disclosure is not limited in this respect.

[0021] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein are open-ended, meaning "including but not limited to". The term "based on" means "at least partially based on". The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments". Definitions of other terms will be given in the description below. It should be noted that the concepts of "first", "second", etc., used in this disclosure are only used to distinguish different devices, modules, or units, and are not intended to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules, or units or their interdependencies.

[0022] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this disclosure are illustrative rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0023] In one possible application scenario, the delamination grouting method and system provided in this disclosure can be applied to the delamination treatment of the overburden area in the coal seam mining process. Taking a coal mining face in a certain mine as an example, the burial depth of the coal mining face is about 650m, the average thickness of the coal seam is 6.2m, the dip angle of the coal seam is 6° to 10°, the immediate roof above the coal seam is sandy mudstone, and a key layer of hard sandstone with a thickness of about 18m is developed above the immediate roof. As the coal mining face continues to advance along the predetermined advance direction, the immediate roof above the goaf gradually breaks and collapses, and the old roof and the key layer of hard sandstone bend and sink under the action of mining.

[0024] Due to differences in lithology, thickness, and mechanical properties between the key hard sandstone stratum and its underlying strata, the deformation degree and rate of deformation under mining operations are inconsistent, gradually creating a delamination space between the key hard sandstone stratum and the underlying strata. Simultaneously, existing fractures within the overlying strata, as well as fractures generated by mining, continue to expand, with some fractures becoming interconnected and extending further along the direction of strata bending and subsidence or strata fracture. Therefore, the delamination within the overlying strata area of ​​the mining area is not static but dynamically changes in location, extent, and degree of development as the coal face advances.

[0025] In this engineering scenario, preliminary on-site monitoring revealed a significant delamination structure within a range of 42–58 m from the coal seam roof, with a maximum delamination thickness of approximately 0.72 m and a lateral extension length of about 160 m along the mining face. If this delamination structure continues to expand, it may weaken the cooperative bearing capacity between the overburden strata, leading to reduced overburden structure stability and increasing the risk of surface subsidence and further development of water-conducting fractures. Therefore, the overburden area with the risk of delamination development and expansion needs to be designated as the overburden area requiring grouting treatment.

[0026] However, the delamination development within the overburden area of ​​this stope is typically uneven. For example, some areas may have a large delamination thickness and high fracture connectivity, while others may only have small delamination spaces or insufficiently connected microfractures. The amount of rock displacement, microseismic activity, and delamination propagation rate may also vary across different areas. Furthermore, the direction of overburden fracture development and the trend of delamination propagation change with the mining process, causing corresponding changes in the appropriate grouting borehole locations and grout diffusion paths. Therefore, determining the grouting area solely based on a single pre-grouting survey and applying uniform grouting pressure, flow rate, grout concentration, and borehole layout across the entire overburden area is insufficient to accommodate the actual delamination development in different areas.

[0027] Specifically, in areas with large delamination spaces or high fracture connectivity, insufficient grouting pressure or flow rate may result in the grout not adequately covering the delamination space. Conversely, in areas with small delamination spaces or low fracture connectivity, excessive grouting pressure and flow rate may cause the grout to diffuse along connected fractures into non-target areas. If the angle, depth, and spacing of the grouting boreholes do not match the development direction of the overburden fractures and the delamination propagation trend, the grouting boreholes may fail to effectively expose the target delamination space, leading to problems such as insufficient local delamination filling, low grout utilization, or unreasonable grout diffusion range.

[0028] Furthermore, during the grouting process in the delamination space via grouting boreholes, the grout entering the delamination space and overburden fissures alters the fissure connectivity and pressure conditions in the corresponding areas. Parameters such as grouting pressure, grouting flow rate, grout diffusion radius, borehole return grout volume, microseismic activity, and rock strata settlement may change accordingly. Therefore, even if the grouting parameters determined before construction match the initial delamination development state, these parameters may no longer be suitable for subsequent grouting processes as the grout continues to diffuse and the delamination space is gradually filled. If timely feedback adjustments are not made based on the actual grouting conditions, situations such as insufficient local grouting, abnormally high pressure, or ineffective grout diffusion may still occur.

[0029] For the aforementioned engineering application scenarios, overburden delamination monitoring devices can be installed in the overburden area of ​​the mining area. These devices should be connected to a ground control terminal to obtain overburden delamination development information that characterizes delamination development features, the direction of overburden fracture development, and the trend of delamination expansion. The ground control terminal can dynamically identify delamination areas in the mining area based on this information, determining multiple delamination zones and their corresponding development characteristics. For each delamination zone, corresponding target grouting parameters and target grouting borehole parameters can be determined. Drilling equipment then performs drilling according to the target grouting borehole parameters, and the grouting equipment injects grout into each delamination zone through the formed boreholes.

[0030] During grouting, the grouting process monitoring device acquires the grouting process monitoring results for the corresponding delamination zone and sends these results to the ground control terminal. When the grouting process monitoring results indicate that the actual grouting state deviates from the expected grouting state for the corresponding delamination zone, the ground control terminal adjusts the target grouting parameters corresponding to that delamination zone and controls the grouting equipment to continue grouting based on the adjusted target grouting parameters. This interconnects the delamination zone identification results, the zoning grouting scheme, and the grouting process feedback adjustment to adapt to the engineering characteristics of uneven spatial distribution and dynamic evolution of overburden delamination in the mining area.

[0031] Based on the above application scenarios, the delamination grouting method and system provided in this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, the overall process of the delamination grouting method, including the acquisition of overburden delamination development information, dynamic identification of delamination areas, determination of target grouting parameters and target grouting borehole parameters, zonal grouting, dynamic feedback adjustment of the grouting process, evaluation of grouting effect, and reinforcement grouting, will be explained. Subsequently, the results of dynamic identification of delamination areas, the layout structure of grouting boreholes, the dynamic feedback control part of grouting, the stable structure of overburden after grouting, and the composition and working relationship of the delamination grouting system will be explained.

[0032] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, a delamination grouting method based on dynamic delamination identification and zoned collaborative control is provided. The method includes the following steps: Step 101: Obtain information on the development of overlying delamination in the overlying rock area of ​​the mining area.

[0033] Here, the execution subject of the delamination grouting method provided in this embodiment can be a delamination grouting system. Step 101 can be executed collaboratively by the overburden delamination monitoring device and the ground control terminal in the delamination grouting system. The overburden delamination monitoring device is used to collect delamination monitoring data corresponding to the overburden area of ​​the stope, and the ground control terminal is used to integrate and analyze the delamination monitoring data to obtain the overburden delamination development information corresponding to the overburden area of ​​the stope.

[0034] The overburden area of ​​the mining area refers to the overburden region above the coal face and goaf that requires delamination monitoring and grouting treatment. The specific spatial range of the overburden area can be determined based on the mining range of the coal face, the coal seam depth, the overburden structure, the location of key strata, and the results of preliminary field surveys. Overburden delamination development information is used to characterize the delamination development features, the direction of overburden fracture development, and the delamination expansion trend within the overburden area of ​​the mining area. Specifically, the delamination development features reflect the location, thickness, spatial range, fracture connectivity, and strata deformation state of the delamination within the overburden area; the direction of overburden fracture development reflects the spatial extension direction of overburden fractures within the overburden area; and the delamination expansion trend reflects the changes in the location, thickness, or spatial range of the delamination as the coal face advances and strata deform.

[0035] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, obtaining information on the development of overlying delamination in the overlying rock area of ​​the stope includes the following steps: Step 201: Use a multi-source delamination monitoring method to collect delamination monitoring data corresponding to the overlying rock area of ​​the mining area.

[0036] The multi-source delamination monitoring methods include a variety of methods selected from borehole television observation, microseismic monitoring, distributed fiber optic monitoring, borehole stress monitoring, and roof delamination monitoring. It should be noted that these monitoring methods can be combined and selected based on existing mine monitoring conditions, overburden structure, geological complexity, and delamination monitoring requirements; they are not required to be used in every project. Different monitoring methods monitor the overburden area of ​​the stope from aspects such as delamination spatial morphology, overburden fracturing activity, stratum strain state, borehole stress state, and relative stratum displacement, respectively, to obtain complementary delamination monitoring data. Furthermore, cross-validating delamination monitoring data from different sources can reduce the bias in judging the location or development state of delamination caused by relying on only a single monitoring method.

[0037] Specifically, multiple monitoring boreholes can be arranged along the advance direction of the coal mining face in the transport roadway and return airway. Monitoring equipment installed in or around these boreholes collects delamination monitoring data corresponding to the overburden area of ​​the mining area. These monitoring boreholes are used to collect overburden delamination monitoring data and are referred to as monitoring boreholes to distinguish them from grouting boreholes used for subsequent grouting.

[0038] In a specific engineering example, the diameter of the monitoring borehole can be 94 mm, the depth can be 65–80 m, and the spacing between adjacent monitoring boreholes can be 20 m. The above monitoring borehole parameters are exemplary parameters applicable to the corresponding engineering conditions. In practical applications, the depth and spacing of the monitoring boreholes can be adjusted according to the coal seam depth, the location of key strata, the expected separation height, and the spatial range of the overburden area in the mining area.

[0039] Borehole television observation uses equipment installed inside the borehole to acquire image data of the borehole wall and the exposed delamination space. Based on the image data, the location, thickness, location, extension, and development degree of the delamination can be identified.

[0040] Microseismic monitoring can employ three-dimensional spatial positioning to locate microseismic events caused by overburden fracturing during mining operations, obtaining the location, time, and frequency of these events. By analyzing the spatial distribution of microseismic events within the overburden area of ​​the mining site and their changes over time, the concentration and migration of overburden fracturing activity can be observed.

[0041] Distributed fiber optic monitoring can employ a Brillouin optical time domain reflectance (BOTDR) monitoring system. In one possible deployment method, the distributed optical fiber is laid along the axis of the monitoring borehole to collect overburden strain data at different depths within the borehole. By processing the overburden strain data at different times, the deformation state and changes of the rock strata within the overburden area of ​​the mining area can be obtained.

[0042] In-hole stress monitoring can collect stress data at different locations within the overburden area of ​​the stope using an in-hole stress monitoring device installed inside the monitoring borehole, and determine the stress change value at the corresponding location based on the stress data at different times. Roof delamination monitoring can collect relative displacement data between different rock layers using a roof delamination instrument to reflect the formation and changes of delamination space.

[0043] Through the above-mentioned multiple monitoring methods, borehole image data, microseismic monitoring data, distributed optical fiber monitoring data, borehole stress monitoring data, and roof delamination monitoring data can be obtained. Furthermore, each delamination monitoring data can carry the corresponding monitoring location and monitoring time, so that the delamination monitoring data obtained by different monitoring methods can be subsequently associated with the corresponding spatial location and monitoring period in the overburden area of ​​the mining area.

[0044] Step 202: Integrate the delamination monitoring data and establish a delamination dynamic monitoring database.

[0045] Here, the implementing entity can integrate the delamination monitoring data and establish a delamination dynamic monitoring database. The delamination dynamic monitoring database is used to record delamination height, delamination thickness, fracture propagation range, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, rock stratum displacement, stress change value, and fracture development degree.

[0046] Specifically, the ground control terminal can receive delamination monitoring data collected by different monitoring methods and correlate delamination monitoring data from different sources based on the monitoring location and monitoring time corresponding to each delamination monitoring data. For example, it can correlate borehole image data, distributed fiber optic monitoring data, borehole stress monitoring data, and roof delamination monitoring data obtained from the same monitoring borehole or adjacent monitoring locations within the same monitoring period, and correlate the spatial location of microseismic events with the corresponding monitoring borehole and overburden location.

[0047] The ground control terminal can determine the delamination height, delamination thickness, fracture propagation range, and fracture development degree based on image data obtained from borehole television observations; determine the fracture connectivity rate based on the fracture distribution and spatial correlation at different monitoring locations; determine the microseismic frequency within a preset monitoring period based on microseismic monitoring data; determine the rock strata displacement based on distributed optical fiber monitoring data and roof delamination monitoring data; and determine the stress change value at the corresponding monitoring location based on borehole stress monitoring data.

[0048] The specific calculation process of the above-mentioned monitoring parameters can adopt the existing data processing method corresponding to the monitoring equipment. The focus of this disclosure is to integrate the delamination monitoring data from different sources and use the integrated data for subsequent dynamic identification of delamination areas and determination of grouting schemes, without involving any improvement to the data calculation method of each monitoring equipment itself.

[0049] The ground control terminal can store the above parameters in the delamination dynamic monitoring database using the monitoring location and monitoring time as indexes. For example, a database record can include the monitoring borehole identifier, monitoring location, monitoring time, and the delamination height, delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, rock stratum displacement, and stress change value corresponding to that monitoring location. Microseismic monitoring data can be associated with the above database records according to the corresponding spatial range and monitoring period.

[0050] As the coal face advances, the overburden separation monitoring device can continuously or according to a set monitoring cycle collect new separation monitoring data. The ground control terminal can update the separation dynamic monitoring database based on the newly collected separation monitoring data, so that the separation dynamic monitoring database records the separation status of the overburden area in the mining area at different monitoring times, thereby providing a data basis for determining the dynamic changes of separation.

[0051] In a specific engineering example, the results of multi-source delamination monitoring of the overburden area in the mining area are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Dynamic monitoring data of delamination

[0052] In Table 1, the maximum delamination height is used to characterize the maximum height of the monitored delamination structure relative to the coal seam roof, the maximum delamination thickness is used to characterize the maximum opening of the delamination space, the fracture connectivity rate is used to characterize the connectivity between overburden fractures, the maximum stratum settlement is used to characterize the maximum value of stratum displacement in the vertical direction, the microseismic frequency is used to characterize the number of microseismic events occurring within a unit monitoring period, and the maximum microseismic energy is used to characterize the maximum energy corresponding to the microseismic event within the monitoring period.

[0053] As shown in Table 1, in this engineering example, the maximum delamination height in the overlying rock area of ​​the mining area is 58m, the maximum delamination thickness is 0.72m, the fracture connectivity rate is 76%, the maximum rock stratum settlement is 1.15m, the microseismic frequency is 128 times / day, and the maximum microseismic energy is 3.2×10⁻⁶. 4 J.

[0054] It should be noted that the data shown in Table 1 are interim monitoring results from a specific engineering example, and are not fixed thresholds for dividing different delamination zones, nor do they constitute a limitation on the range of values ​​for overburden delamination development information. Optionally, in addition to the delamination height, delamination thickness, fracture propagation range, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, rock stratum displacement, stress change value, and fracture development degree recorded in the delamination dynamic monitoring database, the database can also record other monitoring parameters that can reflect overburden fracturing activity, such as maximum microseismic energy.

[0055] Step 203: Determine the overburden delamination development information corresponding to the overburden area of ​​the mining area based on the data recorded in the delamination dynamic monitoring database.

[0056] Specifically, the ground control terminal can extract the delamination height, delamination thickness, fracture propagation range, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, rock stratum displacement, stress change value, and fracture development degree at the corresponding location from the delamination dynamic monitoring database according to the spatial location within the overburden area of ​​the mining area. It can also combine parameters with spatial and temporal correlations to determine the delamination development characteristics at the corresponding spatial location.

[0057] The ground control terminal can also determine the spatial extension direction of overburden fractures within the overburden area of ​​the mining area based on the fracture propagation range, fracture distribution status, and spatial distribution of microseismic events at different monitoring locations, thus obtaining the development direction of overburden fractures. For example, the direction of concentrated extension of overburden fractures can be determined based on the spatial correlation between fracture locations identified in multiple monitoring boreholes, combined with the distribution and migration direction of microseismic events within the overburden area of ​​the mining area.

[0058] In addition, the ground control terminal can compare data from different monitoring times in the delamination dynamic monitoring database. Based on the changes in delamination height, delamination thickness, fracture propagation range, rock stratum displacement, and microseismic frequency over time, it can determine the direction and state of delamination spatial expansion and obtain the delamination expansion trend.

[0059] For example, when the thickness of the delamination increases within a certain spatial range between adjacent monitoring times, the range of fracture expansion expands, and microseismic events migrate to the periphery of that spatial range, it can be determined that the delamination has a tendency to continue expanding in the corresponding direction. As another example, when the thickness of the delamination and the range of fracture expansion remain relatively stable between adjacent monitoring times, and the change in rock stratum displacement decreases, it can be determined that the delamination expansion trend at the corresponding location tends to stabilize. The resulting overburden delamination development information can include the delamination development characteristics corresponding to different spatial locations within the overburden area of ​​the mining area, as well as the direction of overburden fracture development and the delamination expansion trend within the overburden area of ​​the mining area. This overburden delamination development information can serve as the data basis for subsequent dynamic identification of delamination areas within the overburden area of ​​the mining area. Specifically, the delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and rock stratum displacement can be used to determine the delamination development level corresponding to different spatial locations; the direction of overburden fracture development and the delamination expansion trend can be used to determine the target grouting borehole parameters corresponding to each delamination zone.

[0060] Through steps 201 to 203 above, this embodiment of the disclosure employs multiple delamination monitoring methods to collect delamination monitoring data from different aspects such as delamination spatial morphology, overburden fracturing activity, rock deformation, and stress changes. Data from different sources, locations, and monitoring times are correlated and continuously updated through a dynamic delamination monitoring database, thereby reducing information loss or judgment bias caused by a single monitoring method. Based on this, the delamination development characteristics, overburden fracture development direction, and delamination expansion trend within the overburden area of ​​the mining area are determined according to the data recorded in the database. This transforms scattered monitoring data into overburden delamination development information with spatial and temporal correlations, providing a unified data foundation that reflects the actual delamination state for subsequent dynamic identification of delamination areas, determination of zonal grouting parameters, and determination of grouting borehole parameters. This improves the reliability and adaptability of delamination area identification and grouting scheme determination.

[0061] Step 102: Based on the overburden delamination development information, dynamically identify delamination areas in the overburden area of ​​the mining area, and determine multiple delamination areas and the delamination development characteristics corresponding to each delamination area.

[0062] Specifically, in step 101, the overburden separation monitoring device collects separation monitoring data corresponding to the overburden area of ​​the stope using a multi-source separation monitoring method. The ground control terminal integrates the separation monitoring data, establishes a dynamic separation monitoring database, and determines the overburden separation development information corresponding to the overburden area of ​​the stope based on the data recorded in the dynamic separation monitoring database. After obtaining the overburden separation development information, the ground control terminal can continue to execute step 102 to dynamically identify the separation area of ​​the overburden area of ​​the stope based on the overburden separation development information.

[0063] Here, dynamic identification of delamination areas refers to the ground control terminal determining the delamination development status at different spatial locations within the overlying rock area of ​​the mining area based on the overlying rock delamination development information corresponding to the current monitoring time, and determining the spatial range and delamination development characteristics of each delamination area based on the determination results. When the overlying rock delamination development information changes with the advancement of the coal mining face or the deformation of the overlying rock, the ground control terminal can re-identify the delamination areas to update the boundaries, area, and delamination development characteristics of each delamination area.

[0064] A segregation zone can be an overburden area within a mining area that has a corresponding segregation development level and spatial correlation. The same segregation development level can correspond to one segregation zone, or it can correspond to multiple spatially separated segregation zones. Therefore, multiple segregation zones are not limited to a fixed number of segregation zones, nor are they limited to different segregation zones having the same area or spatial shape.

[0065] The delamination development characteristics corresponding to each delamination zone are used to reflect the actual delamination development state of the corresponding delamination zone, and may include the delamination development level, delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency and rock displacement of the corresponding delamination zone. The delamination development characteristics corresponding to each delamination zone are used to provide a data basis for subsequently determining the target grouting parameters corresponding to each delamination zone. The overburden fracture development direction and delamination expansion trend obtained in step 101 can be used to further determine the target grouting borehole parameters corresponding to each delamination zone.

[0066] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, based on the overburden delamination development information, dynamic identification of delamination areas is performed in the overburden area of ​​the stope to determine multiple delamination zones and their corresponding delamination development characteristics. This includes the following steps: Step 301: Extract the delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and rock strata displacement from the overlying delamination development information.

[0067] Specifically, the ground control terminal can extract the delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and stratum displacement at different spatial locations within the overburden area during the corresponding monitoring period, based on the monitoring location and time carried in the overburden delamination development information. This ensures that each set of delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and stratum displacement corresponds to the same or spatially related overburden location. Specifically, delamination thickness characterizes the degree of opening of the delamination space at the corresponding location; fracture connectivity characterizes the connectivity between overburden fractures at the corresponding location; microseismic frequency characterizes the degree of overburden fracturing activity at the corresponding location or spatial range within the preset monitoring period; and stratum displacement characterizes the degree of displacement or deformation of the stratum at the corresponding location under mining operations.

[0068] The delamination thickness can be determined based on borehole television observation data or roof delamination monitoring data; the fracture connectivity rate can be determined based on fracture distribution data and spatial distribution data of microseismic events obtained from borehole television observation; the microseismic frequency can be determined based on the number of microseismic events monitored within the preset monitoring period; and the rock strata displacement can be determined based on distributed optical fiber monitoring data, roof delamination monitoring data, or other rock strata deformation monitoring data.

[0069] Monitoring data obtained through different monitoring methods may have different data types and units of measurement. Before inputting the delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and rock displacement into the delamination development level determination model, the ground control terminal can use existing data processing methods to standardize or normalize the above parameters according to the input requirements of the delamination development level determination model. This disclosure does not involve any improvement to the corresponding data processing methods themselves.

[0070] Step 302: Using the delamination development level determination model, the delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency and rock stratum displacement are jointly analyzed to obtain the delamination development level determination result.

[0071] Specifically, the ground control terminal can invoke a pre-configured delamination development level determination model, inputting the delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and stratum displacement corresponding to the spatial location within the overlying rock area of ​​the mining area as a set of input parameters into the delamination development level determination model. The delamination development level determination model performs multi-parameter joint analysis on the above input parameters and outputs the delamination development level determination result corresponding to the spatial location.

[0072] The delamination development level determination model can be any existing multi-index grading evaluation model in the fields of mining engineering or geotechnical engineering. For example, the delamination development level determination model can adopt any one of the following: fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, hierarchical analysis model, or threshold grading model. This embodiment only inputs the delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and rock stratum displacement into an existing delamination development level determination model and uses this model to obtain the delamination development level determination result; it does not involve the establishment, training, or improvement of the delamination development level determination model itself.

[0073] The results of the delamination development level determination can include the delamination development level corresponding to different spatial locations within the overburden area of ​​the stope. The delamination development level is used to comprehensively reflect the spatial scale of the delamination, the state of fracture connectivity, the fracturing activity of the overburden, and the deformation state of the rock strata at the corresponding spatial location, rather than being determined solely based on the delamination thickness or other single parameters.

[0074] For example, when two spatial locations have similar delamination thicknesses, if one of the locations has relatively higher fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and stratum displacement, the delamination development level assessment model can classify that location as having a higher delamination development level. This reduces the assessment bias that arises from using delamination thickness alone as the sole criterion for determining the delamination development level.

[0075] In one possible classification method, the delamination development level can include strong delamination level, medium delamination level, and weak delamination level. Among them, the strong delamination level, medium delamination level, and weak delamination level are the level determination results obtained by the delamination development level determination model based on the joint analysis of delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and rock stratum displacement, and are not pre-set based on the spatial location of the corresponding area in the coal mining face.

[0076] Step 303: Based on the results of the delamination development level determination, the overlying rock area of ​​the mining area is dynamically divided into multiple delamination zones. The delamination development level, delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and rock displacement of each delamination zone are determined as the delamination development characteristics of each delamination zone.

[0077] Specifically, the ground control terminal can correlate the results of the delamination development level determination with the spatial location within the overburden area of ​​the mining area to obtain the spatial distribution of the delamination development level within the overburden area. Based on the spatial distribution of the delamination development level, the ground control terminal can delineate the boundaries of overburden areas with the same delamination development level and those that are spatially related, forming corresponding delamination zones.

[0078] When the delamination development level includes strong delamination, medium delamination and weak delamination, the ground control terminal can determine the overburden area that is determined to be strong delamination as a strong delamination zone, the overburden area that is determined to be medium delamination as a medium delamination zone, and the overburden area that is determined to be weak delamination as a weak delamination zone. When the overburden area corresponding to the same delamination development level is spatially separated, multiple delamination zones can be formed respectively.

[0079] After identifying each delamination zone, the ground control terminal can correlate the delamination development level of that zone with the delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and rock strata displacement at different spatial locations within that zone to obtain the delamination development characteristics of each zone. The delamination thickness for each zone can include the delamination thickness at different spatial locations within that zone, or it can include the maximum or average delamination thickness determined based on the delamination thickness at different spatial locations.

[0080] Furthermore, to visually illustrate the spatial distribution of the dynamic identification results of the delamination area within the overburden area of ​​the mining area, such as... Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 An exemplary schematic diagram of the dynamic identification results of the overburden delamination area is shown. Above the coal seam, there are the immediate roof, the old roof, and the key stratum in sequence. As the coal mining face continues to advance along the working face direction, the immediate roof above the goaf breaks and collapses, and the old roof and key stratum bend and sink. Due to the difference in the degree of deformation between the key stratum and the underlying rock stratum, a delamination space gradually forms between the key stratum and the old roof, and the overburden fissures continue to develop and expand with the bending deformation of the rock stratum.

[0081] Figure 4 The fracture development line in the diagram is used to represent the spatial distribution of fractures within the overburden area of ​​the mining area. The arrows indicating the direction of fracture extension are used to represent the main extension direction of the overburden fractures. The direction of fracture development can be determined based on the fracture location, fracture extension state, and spatial distribution of microseismic events obtained from multiple monitoring boreholes. The delamination extension trend can be determined based on the changes in delamination thickness, fracture extension range, microseismic frequency, and rock stratum displacement at different monitoring times.

[0082] exist Figure 4In the specific engineering example shown, the ground control terminal inputs the delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and stratum displacement into the delamination development level determination model, and dynamically partitions the overburden area of ​​the mining area based on the delamination development level determination results. The overburden area corresponding to the center of the delamination space is identified as a strong delamination zone, the overburden areas on both sides of the strong delamination zone are identified as medium delamination zones, and the overburden areas outside the medium delamination zone are identified as weak delamination zones. The location with the largest delamination thickness is within the strong delamination zone. The area and maximum delamination thickness of each delamination zone are shown in Table 2. Table 2. Results of stratification partitioning

[0083] As shown in Table 2, in this specific engineering example, the area of ​​the strong delamination zone is 4200 m², with a maximum delamination thickness of 0.72 m; the area of ​​the medium delamination zone is 5100 m², with a maximum delamination thickness of 0.43 m; and the area of ​​the weak delamination zone is 2800 m², with a maximum delamination thickness of 0.18 m. In addition to the area and maximum delamination thickness shown in Table 2, the ground control terminal also records the delamination development level, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and rock strata displacement corresponding to each delamination zone as the delamination development characteristics for that zone.

[0084] It should be noted that, Figure 4 The spatial distribution of strong, medium, and weak delamination zones shown in Table 2 is a dynamic identification result obtained by the ground control terminal after jointly analyzing the delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and rock strata displacement at the corresponding monitoring time using the delamination development level judgment model. It is not a fixed division based on the positional relationship of the middle, sides, and periphery of the coal mining face in advance.

[0085] After the dynamic monitoring database of the delamination layer in step 101 is updated according to the newly collected delamination layer monitoring data, the ground control terminal can re-execute steps 301 to 303 to obtain the updated delamination layer development level determination result, and adjust the boundary, area and delamination layer development characteristics of each delamination layer according to the updated delamination layer development level determination result. Figure 4 Table 2 is only used to represent the dynamic identification results of the delamination area at a specific monitoring time. The size and proportion of each rock layer, delamination space and delamination area are not limited.

[0086] Optionally, the ground control terminal can also establish a three-dimensional spatial distribution model of the overburden delamination based on the spatial location, boundary and delamination thickness of each delamination zone, so as to characterize the three-dimensional spatial distribution of each delamination zone in the overburden area of ​​the mining area and provide a basis for determining key grouting treatment areas.

[0087] Through steps 301 to 303 above, the ground control terminal utilizes the overburden delamination development information obtained in step 101 to extract delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and stratum displacement. It then employs a delamination development level determination model to jointly analyze these parameters, ensuring that the delamination area identification results simultaneously reflect the spatial scale of the delamination, fracture connectivity, overburden fracturing activity, and stratum deformation state, reducing judgment biases caused by delineating delamination areas based on a single monitoring parameter. Based on this, the ground control terminal determines multiple delamination zones and their corresponding delamination development characteristics according to the delamination development level determination results. It also updates the dynamic identification results of the delamination areas accordingly as the overburden delamination development information is updated, thus providing a data foundation for subsequently determining target grouting parameters for different delamination zones and improving the matching degree between the zonal grouting scheme and the actual delamination development state.

[0088] Step 103: Based on the delamination development characteristics of each delamination zone, determine the target grouting parameters for each delamination zone, and based on the development direction of overburden fractures and the delamination expansion trend, determine the target grouting borehole parameters for each delamination zone.

[0089] Specifically, in step 102, the ground control terminal dynamically identifies delamination areas in the overlying rock region of the mining area based on the overlying rock delamination development information, determining multiple delamination zones and their corresponding delamination development characteristics. After completing the dynamic identification of delamination areas, the ground control terminal can directly access the delamination development characteristics corresponding to each delamination zone, and, in conjunction with the overlying rock fracture development direction and delamination propagation trend determined in step 101, determine the target grouting parameters and target grouting borehole parameters for each delamination zone.

[0090] Here, the target grouting parameters are used to characterize the design grouting parameters used at the start of grouting for the corresponding delamination zone, and may include grouting pressure, grouting flow rate, and grout concentration. The target grouting parameters can be adjusted during subsequent grouting processes based on the monitoring results of the grouting process corresponding to the delamination zone.

[0091] The target grouting borehole parameters are used to characterize the arrangement of grouting boreholes corresponding to the delamination zone and the operation method when grouting is carried out through the grouting boreholes. These parameters may include borehole angle, borehole depth, borehole spacing, grouting sequence, and segmented grouting length. Among these, the borehole angle, borehole depth, and borehole spacing are mainly used to guide the drilling equipment in drilling operations, while the grouting sequence and segmented grouting length are mainly used to guide the grouting equipment in carrying out grouting operations through the formed grouting boreholes.

[0092] By determining the target grouting parameters and target grouting borehole parameters for each delamination zone, grouting processes adapted to the delamination development state can be adopted for different delamination zones, and the spatial arrangement of grouting boreholes and grouting operation methods can be adapted to the development direction of overburden fractures and the delamination expansion trend.

[0093] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, determining the target grouting parameters for each delamination zone includes the following steps: Step 501: Based on the delamination development characteristics of each delamination zone, establish a differentiated grouting model for each delamination zone.

[0094] Here, the implementing entity can establish a differentiated grouting model for each delamination zone based on the delamination development characteristics of each delamination zone. The differentiated grouting model is used to characterize the relationship between the delamination development characteristics of the corresponding delamination zone and the grouting pressure, grouting flow rate and grout concentration.

[0095] Specifically, the ground control terminal can use the delamination development level, delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and rock displacement of each delamination zone as inputs to the corresponding differentiated grouting model, and establish a parameter mapping relationship between the above delamination development characteristics and grouting pressure, grouting flow rate, and grout concentration.

[0096] Here, the differentiated grouting model can be a parameter matching model established based on existing grouting engineering design rules, or it can be implemented through a parameter correspondence table or parameter matching rules. It is not necessary to use a complex numerical model that requires separate training. The focus of this disclosure is to establish the correspondence between delamination development characteristics and grouting parameters for different delamination zones, without involving any improvement to the parameter matching model itself.

[0097] In one possible implementation, for delamination zones with large delamination thickness, high fracture connectivity, strong microseismic activity, or large rock strata displacement, a differentiated grouting model corresponding to higher grouting pressure, larger grouting flow rate, and corresponding grout concentration can be established to quickly fill the larger delamination space; for delamination zones with relatively low delamination development, a differentiated grouting model corresponding to lower grouting pressure and smaller grouting flow rate can be established to allow the grout to diffuse within a smaller delamination space or microfracture.

[0098] When the delamination zone includes strong delamination zone, medium delamination zone and weak delamination zone, the differentiated grouting model corresponding to the strong delamination zone can adopt a high-pressure, high-flow-rate rapid filling method; the differentiated grouting model corresponding to the medium delamination zone can adopt a medium-pressure diffusion grouting method to expand the coverage of the grout in the corresponding delamination zone; the differentiated grouting model corresponding to the weak delamination zone can adopt a low-pressure permeation grouting method to allow the grout to enter the microcracks in the corresponding delamination zone and permeate and reinforce the microcracks.

[0099] Step 502: Determine the target grouting parameters for each delamination zone based on the differentiated grouting model corresponding to each delamination zone.

[0100] Specifically, the ground control terminal can input the delamination development characteristics corresponding to each delamination zone into the corresponding differentiated grouting model. The differentiated grouting model, based on the corresponding parameter mapping relationship, outputs the grouting pressure, grouting flow rate, and grout concentration corresponding to each delamination zone, and determines the output grouting pressure, grouting flow rate, and grout concentration as the target grouting parameters for the corresponding delamination zone. Among them, the target grouting parameters include grouting pressure, grouting flow rate, and grout concentration.

[0101] The target grouting parameters can be expressed as specific parameter values ​​or as parameter ranges. In a specific parameter matching method, the grouting pressure corresponding to the strong delamination zone can be 4–8 MPa, the grouting pressure corresponding to the medium delamination zone can be 2–5 MPa, and the grouting pressure corresponding to the weak delamination zone can be 1–3 MPa.

[0102] The grouting pressure ranges corresponding to the different delamination zones mentioned above may partially overlap. This is because the boundaries between different delamination zones may be gradual transition areas. The ground control terminal can determine the target grouting pressure applicable to the corresponding delamination zone based on the delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and rock displacement corresponding to the transition area, at the intersection of adjacent grouting pressure ranges.

[0103] The grout concentration can be characterized by the water-cement ratio, the mass concentration of solid materials in the grout, or the mass ratio between different grout materials. The grout used for grouting each delamination zone can include one or more of cement grout, cement-fly ash composite grout, and polymer-modified grout. The type of grout material can be selected based on the delamination thickness of the corresponding delamination zone, the fracture connectivity, the grout diffusion requirements, and the engineering cost; it is not a parameter that must be output by the differentiated grouting model.

[0104] Through steps 501 and 502, the ground control terminal can determine the corresponding target grouting parameters for different delamination zones, avoiding the uniform application of the same grouting pressure, grouting flow rate and grout concentration to multiple delamination zones with different delamination development states.

[0105] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, determining the target grouting borehole parameters for each delamination zone includes the following steps: Step 601: Using a combination of spatial fracture network analysis and multivariate nonlinear fitting, the borehole angle, borehole depth, borehole spacing, grouting sequence, and segmented grouting length are optimized in a coordinated manner based on the development direction of overburden fractures and the delamination propagation trend.

[0106] Specifically, the ground control terminal can perform spatial fracture network analysis based on the spatial distribution of overburden fractures within the overburden area of ​​the mining area, the connectivity between fractures, and the development direction of overburden fractures. This analysis determines the spatial range of concentrated overburden fracture distribution and the possible direction of slurry diffusion along the fractures. The ground control terminal can also determine the delamination expansion trend based on changes in delamination thickness, fracture propagation range, and stratum displacement at different monitoring times.

[0107] Based on this, the ground control terminal can take the development direction of overburden fractures and the delamination expansion trend as inputs, and use a multivariate nonlinear fitting method to analyze the relationship between borehole angle, borehole depth, borehole spacing, grouting sequence and segmented grouting length and grout diffusion state and delamination filling state, and obtain multiple sets of candidate grouting borehole parameters.

[0108] Spatial fracture network analysis and multivariate nonlinear fitting can both employ existing analysis methods in the fields of mining engineering or geotechnical engineering. The embodiments disclosed herein only utilize the above methods to collaboratively optimize the drilling angle, drilling depth, drilling spacing, grouting sequence, and segmented grouting length, without involving any improvement to the spatial fracture network analysis method or the multivariate nonlinear fitting method itself.

[0109] Among them, the drilling angle is used to control the extension direction of the grouting borehole, so that the grouting borehole can expose or approach the corresponding delamination zone; the drilling depth is used to control the target depth of the grouting borehole to reach the corresponding delamination zone; the drilling spacing is used to control the spatial distance between adjacent grouting boreholes; the grouting sequence is used to control the order of grouting between different grouting boreholes or different delamination zones; and the segmented grouting length is used to control the length of each grouting section in the grouting borehole.

[0110] Step 602: In the process of collaborative optimization, weighting coefficients are introduced, and the grouting pressure, grout diffusion radius, crack filling rate and grout utilization rate are used as optimization objectives to conduct a comprehensive evaluation and obtain a comprehensive evaluation result.

[0111] Specifically, the ground control terminal can determine the grouting pressure, grout diffusion radius, fracture filling rate and grout utilization rate corresponding to each set of candidate grouting borehole parameters obtained in step 601, and conduct a comprehensive evaluation based on the weight coefficients corresponding to each optimization objective.

[0112] Among them, grouting pressure is used to reflect the pressure required to inject grout into the delamination space and overburden fissures through the corresponding grouting borehole; grout diffusion radius is used to reflect the range of grout diffusion from the grouting borehole to the surrounding delamination space and fissure network; fissure filling rate is used to reflect the degree of filling of the overburden fissures in the corresponding delamination zone by the grout; and grout utilization rate is used to reflect the proportion of grout in the input grout used to effectively fill the target delamination space and overburden fissures.

[0113] Here, the fracture filling rate in step 602 is used to evaluate the filling effect of the grout on the fracture network, and it is a different evaluation index from the delamination filling rate used to characterize the overall filling effect of the delamination space in the subsequent grouting effect evaluation embodiment. The weight coefficients corresponding to each optimization objective can be set according to the treatment needs of the corresponding delamination zone. For example, for delamination zones with high fracture connectivity, the weights corresponding to the grout diffusion radius and fracture filling rate can be increased; for delamination zones where the grout easily diffuses along connected fractures to non-target areas, the weights corresponding to the grout utilization rate can be increased. The specific determination method of the weight coefficients can adopt existing weight evaluation methods, and this embodiment does not specifically limit this. The comprehensive evaluation result can be used to characterize the comprehensive adaptability of each group of candidate grouting borehole parameters to the corresponding delamination zone, and can be represented by the comprehensive evaluation value or the ranking result of the candidate parameter combination.

[0114] Step 603: Based on the comprehensive evaluation results, adjust the drilling angle, drilling depth, drilling spacing, grouting sequence, and segmented grouting length to determine the target grouting drilling parameters for each separation zone.

[0115] Specifically, the ground control terminal can select candidate grouting borehole parameters with a high degree of comprehensive suitability from multiple sets of candidate grouting borehole parameters based on the comprehensive evaluation results corresponding to different candidate grouting borehole parameters; or, based on the situation reflected by the comprehensive evaluation results such as insufficient grout coverage, insufficient crack filling, or low grout utilization, adjust the drilling angle, drilling depth, drilling spacing, grouting sequence, or segmented grouting length of the corresponding candidate grouting borehole parameters.

[0116] For example, if the comprehensive evaluation results indicate that the grout diffusion range fails to cover the corresponding delamination zone, the drilling angle can be adjusted or the drilling spacing can be reduced; if the comprehensive evaluation results indicate that the grouting boreholes fail to fully expose the corresponding delamination zone, the drilling depth can be adjusted; if the comprehensive evaluation results indicate that the grout easily diffuses along the peripheral connecting fractures to non-target areas, the grouting sequence can be adjusted, prioritizing the grouting and sealing of the peripheral fracture channels; if there are significant differences in the delamination development state covered by the corresponding grouting borehole sections, the segmented grouting length can be adjusted.

[0117] The ground control terminal can determine the adjusted drilling angle, drilling depth, drilling spacing, grouting sequence, and segmented grouting length to meet the corresponding optimization objectives as the target grouting drilling parameters for the corresponding delamination zone. Among them, the drilling angle, drilling depth, and drilling spacing in the target grouting drilling parameters can be sent to the drilling equipment to guide the drilling operation; the grouting sequence and segmented grouting length in the target grouting drilling parameters can be sent to the grouting equipment to guide the grouting equipment to carry out grouting through the corresponding grouting boreholes.

[0118] To visually illustrate the grouting borehole layout corresponding to the target grouting borehole parameters, Figure 7 A grouting borehole arrangement structure is shown. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the overlying rock area of ​​the mining area contains weak, moderate, and strong delamination zones, forming a network of fractures interconnected with each delamination zone. Multiple grouting boreholes can be arranged in a fan-shaped pattern, and by setting different borehole inclination angles, each grouting borehole can reach or pass through its corresponding delamination zone. Figure 7 In this context, α1 and α2 represent the borehole inclination angles corresponding to different grouting boreholes, and the borehole depth is used to characterize the length of the grouting borehole extending from the starting position to the corresponding target position.

[0119] In each grouting borehole, one or more segmented grouting sections can be set according to the determined segmented grouting length. Grouting is carried out sequentially on different grouting boreholes and different segmented grouting sections according to the determined grouting sequence. After the grout enters the corresponding segmented grouting section, it can diffuse to the surrounding area along the delamination space and fracture network to form the corresponding grout diffusion range.

[0120] In a specific engineering example, the grouting boreholes are arranged in a fan shape, with a borehole inclination angle of 55° to 72° and a borehole depth of 58 to 75m. The grouting sequence can be from the periphery to the center, or from low pressure to high pressure, in order to prioritize sealing the peripheral crack channels and reduce the diffusion of grout to non-target areas. Figure 7 The dimensions and proportions of the rock strata, delamination zone, grouting boreholes, and grout diffusion range shown are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute a limitation.

[0121] In this specific engineering example, the target grouting parameters for each delamination zone and some target grouting borehole parameters are shown in Tables 3 to 5: Table 3 Main grouting parameters for strong delamination zone

[0122] For areas with strong delamination, a high-pressure, high-flow-rate rapid filling method can be used. The grout can be a cement-fly ash composite grout, in which PO 42.5 ordinary Portland cement can be used, the fly ash content can be 35%, and the water-cement ratio can be 0.8:1. For areas with strong delamination, a forward-moving segmented grouting method can be used, with each segment having a length of 8m.

[0123] In the implementation method shown in Table 3, the target grouting pressure for the strong delamination zone is 6 MPa, the target grouting flow rate is 180 L / min, the borehole spacing is 18 m, and the grouting volume per borehole is 42 t. Here, grouting pressure and grouting flow rate are target grouting parameters, borehole spacing is target grouting borehole parameters, and grouting volume per borehole is a specific grouting operation parameter used during the actual grouting construction process.

[0124] Table 4 Main grouting parameters for the medium delamination zone

[0125] For medium-density delamination zones, medium-pressure diffusion grouting can be used to expand the diffusion range of the grout within the medium-density delamination zone and to collaboratively seal the overburden fissures connected to the delamination space. In the implementation method shown in Table 4, the target grouting pressure corresponding to the medium-density delamination zone is 3.5 MPa, the target grouting flow rate is 120 L / min, the borehole spacing is 22 m, and the water-cement ratio of the grout is 1:1.

[0126] Table 5 Main grouting parameters for weak delamination zone

[0127] For areas with weak delamination, low-pressure permeation grouting can be used to allow the grout to penetrate and reinforce the microcracks within the weak delamination zone, thereby inhibiting further delamination. In the embodiments shown in Table 5, the target grouting pressure for the weak delamination zone is 1.8 MPa, the target grouting flow rate is 60 L / min, and the grout is a cement-fly ash composite grout with a water, cement, and fly ash mass ratio of 1:2:1.

[0128] It should be noted that the parameters shown in Tables 3 to 5 are from a specific engineering example, determined by the ground control terminal based on the delamination development characteristics, overburden fracture development direction, and delamination propagation trend of each delamination zone. These parameters do not constitute a limitation on the range of target grouting parameters and target grouting borehole parameters for each delamination zone. In other embodiments, different target grouting parameters, target grouting borehole parameters, and grout materials can be used based on the overburden structure of the stope, the size of the delamination space, the fracture connectivity, and the grout diffusion requirements.

[0129] Through steps 501 to 502, the ground control terminal establishes corresponding parameter mapping relationships based on the delamination development characteristics of each delamination zone, determining the grouting pressure, grouting flow rate, and grout concentration for each delamination zone, thus matching the target grouting parameters with the delamination development state of different delamination zones. Through steps 601 to 603, the ground control terminal optimizes the borehole angle, borehole depth, borehole spacing, grouting sequence, and segmented grouting length based on the development direction of overburden fractures and the delamination expansion trend, ensuring that the spatial arrangement of grouting boreholes and the grouting operation method match the spatial location of the corresponding delamination zone and the grout diffusion channel. Therefore, it can reduce localized insufficient filling, unreasonable grout coverage, and grout waste caused by uniform grouting parameters or fixed borehole arrangements, providing a parameter basis for subsequent zoned grouting according to different delamination zones.

[0130] Step 104: According to the target grouting borehole parameters corresponding to each delamination zone, lay out the grouting boreholes corresponding to each delamination zone, and grout each delamination zone through the grouting boreholes corresponding to each delamination zone according to the target grouting parameters corresponding to each delamination zone.

[0131] Here, step 104 can be executed collaboratively by the ground control terminal, drilling equipment, and grouting equipment. The ground control terminal is used to send the target grouting borehole parameters corresponding to each delamination zone to the drilling equipment and the grouting equipment, and to send the target grouting parameters corresponding to each delamination zone to the grouting equipment; the drilling equipment is used to perform drilling construction according to the drilling angle, drilling depth, and drilling spacing in the target grouting borehole parameters to form grouting boreholes corresponding to each delamination zone; the grouting equipment is used to grout each delamination zone according to the grouting sequence and segmented grouting length in the target grouting borehole parameters, and according to the corresponding target grouting parameters, through the formed grouting boreholes.

[0132] Therefore, setting up grouting boreholes according to the target grouting borehole parameters does not mean that all parameters in the target grouting borehole parameters are executed by the drilling equipment. Among them, the drilling angle, drilling depth, and drilling spacing are used to limit the spatial arrangement of grouting boreholes and the drilling construction process, while the grouting sequence and segmented grouting length are used to limit the grouting operation process after the grouting boreholes are formed.

[0133] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, multiple grouting boreholes can be arranged in a fan-shaped pattern within the overburden area of ​​the mining area, based on the target grouting borehole parameters corresponding to each delamination zone. The drilling equipment can determine the drilling direction based on the borehole position and drilling angle corresponding to each grouting borehole, and drill according to the corresponding drilling depth, so that different grouting boreholes reach or pass through the corresponding delamination zones.

[0134] Figure 7 In and The borehole inclination angle is used to indicate the borehole inclination angle corresponding to different grouting boreholes. By setting different borehole inclination angles for different grouting boreholes, multiple grouting boreholes can extend in different directions and expose strong, medium, and weak delamination zones respectively. The borehole depth is used to control the target position of the grouting borehole extending to the corresponding delamination zone, and the borehole spacing is used to control the spatial distance between adjacent grouting boreholes and the grout diffusion range corresponding to adjacent grouting boreholes.

[0135] For large or complex abscission zones, multiple grouting boreholes corresponding to each abscission zone can be installed. If a single grouting borehole traverses multiple overburden areas with varying abscission development states, the borehole can be divided into multiple grouting segments according to the segmented grouting length, with each segment corresponding to a specific abscission zone. Figure 7The segmented grouting intervals shown are the grouting hole segments determined in the grouting borehole according to the segmented grouting length.

[0136] In a specific engineering example, multiple grouting boreholes are arranged in a fan shape, with borehole inclination angles ranging from 55° to 72° and borehole depths from 58 to 75 m. The borehole spacing for the strong delamination zone can be 18 m, and the borehole spacing for the medium delamination zone can be 22 m. In practical applications, the borehole spacing for each delamination zone can be determined based on the area of ​​the corresponding delamination zone, the maximum delamination thickness, the fracture connectivity, and the expected grout diffusion range.

[0137] After the grouting drilling is completed, the ground control terminal can establish the correspondence between the grouting boreholes, grouting sections, and separation zones based on the target grouting borehole parameters for each separation zone. For example, it can record the borehole identifier, drilling angle, drilling depth, and corresponding separation zone for each grouting borehole, as well as the start and end positions, segmented grouting lengths, and grouting sequence for each grouting section. The ground control terminal can then send the above correspondence and corresponding grouting control commands to the grouting equipment.

[0138] The grouting equipment can prepare grout according to the grout concentration corresponding to the respective delamination zone, and deliver the grout to the corresponding grouting borehole according to the target grouting pressure and target grouting flow rate corresponding to the respective delamination zone. After entering the corresponding grouting borehole section, the grout can diffuse along the delamination space and fracture network exposed in the grouting borehole section, forming... Figure 7 The slurry diffusion range is shown.

[0139] In one possible grouting sequence, a "peripheral first, then central, low-pressure first, then high-pressure" grouting sequence can be adopted. Specifically, low-pressure grouting can be performed first through peripheral grouting boreholes to pre-seal the peripheral fracture channels and reduce the diffusion of grout along the peripheral connecting fractures to non-target areas during subsequent grouting. Then, grouting can be performed through central grouting boreholes to the central delamination area with a higher degree of delamination development, and the grouting pressure and grouting flow rate can be increased according to the target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination area.

[0140] When the delamination zone includes strong delamination, medium delamination, and weak delamination, the grouting equipment can be used to perform grouting according to the specific parameters shown in Tables 3 to 5. Specifically, for the strong delamination zone, high-pressure, high-flow-rate rapid filling can be performed with a target grouting pressure of 6 MPa and a target grouting flow rate of 180 L / min; for the medium delamination zone, medium-pressure diffusion grouting can be performed with a target grouting pressure of 3.5 MPa and a target grouting flow rate of 120 L / min; and for the weak delamination zone, low-pressure permeation grouting can be performed with a target grouting pressure of 1.8 MPa and a target grouting flow rate of 60 L / min.

[0141] For areas with strong delamination, a cement-fly ash composite grout can be used, employing a forward-moving, segmented grouting method. After grouting a segment, the next segment can be grouted according to the corresponding grouting sequence. In a specific example, the segmented grouting length for each segment is 8m. For areas with moderate delamination, the grout diffusion effect can be used to synergistically fill the delamination space and the cracks connected to it. For areas with weak delamination, the grout can penetrate and reinforce the microcracks at a lower grouting pressure.

[0142] It should be noted that grouting each delamination zone separately means grouting each zone according to the correspondence between it and the corresponding grouting borehole or grouting section, using the appropriate target grouting parameters. It does not require that multiple delamination zones be grouted simultaneously. Each delamination zone can be grouted sequentially according to the grouting order in the target grouting borehole parameters, or grouting can be performed separately if the grouting equipment and grouting pipelines are independent of each other.

[0143] It should be noted that, Figure 7 The grouting borehole arrangement shown and the specific grouting parameters described above are only used to illustrate one implementation of step 104 and do not constitute a limitation on the number of grouting boreholes, borehole inclination angle, borehole depth, borehole spacing, grouting sequence, segmented grouting length, or target grouting parameters.

[0144] In step 104, the ground control terminal sends the target grouting parameters and target grouting borehole parameters determined in step 103 to the drilling equipment and grouting equipment, respectively. The drilling equipment forms grouting boreholes corresponding to each ablation zone, and the grouting equipment grouts each ablation zone through the corresponding grouting boreholes or grouting sections, thereby converting the dynamic identification results of the ablation zone into actual grouting operations for different ablation zones. By adapting the spatial arrangement of the grouting boreholes to the development direction of overburden fractures and the ablation extension trend, and by adapting the grouting pressure, grouting flow rate, and grout concentration to the ablation development characteristics of the corresponding ablation zone, the situations where grouting boreholes fail to effectively expose the target ablation space, local ablation filling is insufficient, and grout diffuses into non-target areas can be reduced.

[0145] Step 105: For any delamination zone, during the grouting process of the delamination zone, obtain the grouting process monitoring results corresponding to the delamination zone, adjust the target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination zone according to the grouting process monitoring results, obtain the adjusted target grouting parameters, and continue to grout the delamination zone through the grouting borehole corresponding to the delamination zone according to the adjusted target grouting parameters.

[0146] Here, step 105 can be executed collaboratively by the grouting process monitoring device, the ground control terminal, and the grouting equipment. The grouting process monitoring device is used to acquire the grouting process monitoring results corresponding to any delamination zone during the grouting process of the grouting equipment, and send the grouting process monitoring results to the ground control terminal; the ground control terminal is used to determine whether the target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination zone need to be adjusted based on the grouting process monitoring results, and generates corresponding grouting control commands when adjustments are needed; the grouting equipment is used to adjust one or more parameters in the target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination zone according to the grouting control commands, and continues to grout the delamination zone according to the adjusted target grouting parameters.

[0147] For any delamination zone, the identifier of the delamination zone, the corresponding grouting borehole identifier, and the current grouting section identifier can be associated with the corresponding grouting process monitoring results. This enables the ground control terminal to determine the delamination zone, grouting borehole, and grouting section corresponding to each grouting process monitoring result, thus avoiding confusion between monitoring data corresponding to different delamination zones or different grouting boreholes.

[0148] In one possible embodiment, the grouting process monitoring results include grouting pressure monitoring results, grouting flow rate monitoring results, grout diffusion radius monitoring results, borehole return grout volume monitoring results, microseismic activity monitoring results, and stratum settlement monitoring results. Specifically, the grouting pressure monitoring results reflect the actual grouting pressure when the grout enters the current grouting borehole section; the grouting flow rate monitoring results reflect the amount of grout input into the corresponding delamination zone per unit time through the current grouting borehole; the grout diffusion radius monitoring results reflect the range of grout diffusion from the current grouting borehole section to the surrounding delamination space and fracture network; the borehole return grout volume monitoring results reflect the amount of grout returned through the current grouting borehole or adjacent boreholes; the microseismic activity monitoring results reflect the fracturing activity state of the corresponding delamination zone and its surrounding overburden during the grouting process; and the stratum settlement monitoring results reflect the displacement or settlement changes of the strata surrounding the corresponding delamination zone during the grouting process.

[0149] The grouting process monitoring device may include pressure sensors, flow monitoring devices, grout diffusion monitoring devices, borehole grout return monitoring devices, microseismic monitoring devices, and rock strata settlement monitoring devices. Rock strata settlement can also be determined using overburden strain data obtained from the BOTDR fiber optic monitoring system. Each monitoring device can transmit the collected monitoring data to a ground control terminal, which then generates the grouting process monitoring results corresponding to the respective delamination zone.

[0150] In a specific engineering example, the grouting process monitoring device can collect monitoring data every 30 seconds and upload the data to the ground control terminal. The aforementioned 30 seconds is only an exemplary collection cycle; in practical applications, the corresponding collection cycle can be set according to the rate of change of grouting pressure, the grout diffusion state, and engineering safety requirements.

[0151] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, adjusting the target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination zone based on the monitoring results of the grouting process includes the following steps: Step 801: Based on the monitoring parameters in the grouting process monitoring results and the preset adjustment conditions corresponding to each monitoring parameter, determine the adjustment judgment result corresponding to each monitoring parameter.

[0152] Here, the adjustment judgment result is used to indicate whether the corresponding monitoring parameter meets the corresponding preset adjustment conditions.

[0153] Specifically, the ground control terminal can extract the monitored grouting pressure, grouting flow rate, grout diffusion radius, borehole return grout volume, microseismic activity, and rock stratum settlement from the grouting process monitoring results, and compare each extracted monitoring parameter with the preset adjustment conditions corresponding to that monitoring parameter.

[0154] Preset adjustment conditions can be judgment conditions corresponding to target grouting parameters, preset thresholds, preset value ranges, or preset states, and can be set separately for different delamination zones, different grouting boreholes, or different grouting borehole sections. For example, the preset adjustment conditions corresponding to grouting pressure can be set according to the target grouting pressure corresponding to the corresponding delamination zone; the preset adjustment conditions corresponding to grout diffusion radius can be set according to the spatial range of the corresponding delamination zone, borehole spacing, and designed grout coverage range; and the preset adjustment conditions corresponding to microseismic activity can be set according to the microseismic activity status before grouting and the overburden safety control requirements during the grouting process.

[0155] For each monitored parameter, the ground control terminal can generate an adjustment judgment result indicating whether the monitored parameter meets or does not meet the corresponding preset adjustment conditions. For example, when the monitored grouting pressure reaches the preset adjustment condition corresponding to the grouting pressure, the ground control terminal can generate an adjustment judgment result indicating that the grouting pressure meets the preset adjustment condition; when the monitored grouting pressure does not reach the corresponding preset adjustment condition, it can generate an adjustment judgment result indicating that the grouting pressure does not meet the preset adjustment condition.

[0156] When all adjustment judgment results indicate that the corresponding monitoring parameters do not meet the corresponding preset adjustment conditions, it means that the current grouting state has not yet triggered parameter adjustment, and the ground control terminal can control the grouting equipment to continue grouting according to the current target grouting parameters.

[0157] Step 802: When any adjustment judgment result indicates that the corresponding monitoring parameter meets the corresponding preset adjustment condition, the monitoring parameter corresponding to the adjustment judgment result is determined as the trigger monitoring parameter. The corresponding grouting control method is determined according to the trigger monitoring parameter, and the target grouting parameter corresponding to the separation zone is adjusted according to the grouting control method.

[0158] Specifically, when the ground control terminal determines that at least one monitoring parameter meets the corresponding preset adjustment conditions, the monitoring parameter that meets the preset adjustment conditions can be identified as the trigger monitoring parameter, and the preset correspondence between the trigger monitoring parameter and the grouting control method can be queried to determine the grouting control method corresponding to the trigger monitoring parameter.

[0159] Grouting control methods can include reducing or increasing grouting pressure, reducing or increasing grouting flow rate, adjusting grout concentration, pausing grouting in the current grouting section, stopping high-pressure grouting, and switching grouting modes. The ground control terminal can adjust one or more parameters of the target grouting parameters corresponding to the relevant separation zone according to the determined grouting control method, and combine the adjusted parameters with the unadjusted parameters to obtain the adjusted target grouting parameters.

[0160] The ground control terminal can generate grouting control commands based on the adjusted target grouting parameters and send these commands to the grouting equipment. Upon receiving the grouting control commands, the grouting equipment can adjust the grouting pump, flow control valve, or grout mixing device to change the grouting pressure, flow rate, or grout concentration, and continue grouting through the corresponding grouting boreholes in the respective separation zone according to the adjusted target grouting parameters.

[0161] In one possible embodiment, the corresponding grouting control method is determined based on the trigger monitoring parameters, and the target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination zone are adjusted according to the grouting control method, including the following steps: When the trigger monitoring parameter is grouting pressure, and the monitored grouting pressure is greater than or equal to 1.15 times the grouting pressure in the target grouting parameter corresponding to the delamination zone, reduce the grouting flow rate and suspend grouting of the current grouting hole section. When the trigger monitoring parameter is the grout diffusion radius, and the monitored grout diffusion radius is less than the preset grout diffusion radius corresponding to the delamination zone, the grouting pressure is increased and the grout concentration is adjusted. When the trigger monitoring parameter is microseismic activity, and the monitored microseismic activity meets the preset abnormal conditions, the grouting pressure is reduced, high-pressure grouting is stopped, and low-pressure stabilizing grouting is switched.

[0162] Specifically, the corresponding grouting control method is determined based on the trigger monitoring parameters, and the target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination zone are adjusted according to the grouting control method, including the following three cases: In the first scenario, when the trigger monitoring parameter is grouting pressure, and the monitored grouting pressure is greater than or equal to 1.15 times the grouting pressure in the target grouting parameter corresponding to the delamination zone, the grouting flow rate is reduced and the grouting of the current grouting hole section is suspended.

[0163] Specifically, the grouting pressure in the target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination zone can be used as the design pressure for the corresponding grouting hole section. When the real-time monitored grouting pressure is greater than or equal to 1.15 times the design pressure, it indicates that the grout injection resistance in the current grouting hole section has increased, or the grout diffusion channel has changed. The ground control terminal can reduce the grouting flow rate in the target grouting parameters to obtain the reduced target grouting flow rate, and control the grouting equipment to pause grouting in the current grouting hole section.

[0164] After the grouting pressure in the current grouting section returns to the allowable range, the ground control terminal can control the grouting equipment to continue grouting the current grouting section according to the reduced target grouting flow rate. At this time, the adjusted target grouting parameters include the reduced target grouting flow rate and other target grouting parameters that have not been adjusted.

[0165] In the second scenario, when the trigger monitoring parameter is the grout diffusion radius, and the monitored grout diffusion radius is less than the preset grout diffusion radius corresponding to the delamination zone, the grouting pressure is increased and the grout concentration is adjusted.

[0166] Specifically, the preset grout diffusion radius can be determined based on the spatial range of the corresponding delamination zone, the spacing of the grouting boreholes, and the expected grout coverage area. When the monitored grout diffusion radius is smaller than the preset grout diffusion radius, it indicates that the actual diffusion range of the grout has not yet reached the designed coverage area of ​​the corresponding delamination zone. The ground control terminal can increase the grouting pressure in the target grouting parameters and adjust the grout concentration according to the fracture connectivity state and grout diffusion requirements of the corresponding delamination zone to obtain the adjusted target grouting pressure and the adjusted target grout concentration.

[0167] The ground control terminal can control the grouting equipment to continue grouting according to the adjusted target grouting pressure and target grout concentration, in order to increase the diffusion range of the grout in the delamination space and fracture network. At this time, the adjusted target grouting parameters include the increased target grouting pressure, the adjusted target grout concentration, and the unadjusted target grouting flow rate.

[0168] In the third scenario, when the triggering monitoring parameter is micro-seismic activity, and the monitored micro-seismic activity meets the preset abnormal conditions, the grouting pressure is reduced, high-pressure grouting is stopped, and low-pressure stabilizing grouting is switched.

[0169] Specifically, the preset anomaly conditions corresponding to microseismic activity can be set according to changes in microseismic frequency, spatial distribution of microseismic events, or microseismic energy. For example, when the microseismic frequency or energy monitored during grouting increases abnormally relative to the baseline state before grouting, it can be determined that the microseismic activity meets the preset anomaly conditions.

[0170] The ground control terminal can reduce the target grouting pressure corresponding to the delamination zone, set the reduced target grouting pressure as the grouting pressure in the adjusted target grouting parameters, and send control commands to the grouting equipment to stop high-pressure grouting and switch to low-pressure stabilizing grouting. After stopping the current high-pressure grouting, the grouting equipment can enter the low-pressure stabilizing grouting mode according to the reduced target grouting pressure and continue grouting the corresponding delamination zone, thereby reducing the risk of further disturbance to the overburden structure during the grouting process.

[0171] It should be noted that the above three scenarios are used to illustrate the grouting control methods corresponding to different trigger monitoring parameters. In other embodiments, corresponding preset adjustment conditions and grouting control methods can be set according to the grouting flow rate, borehole return grout volume, and rock stratum settlement. The specific preset adjustment conditions and adjustment range can be determined based on the delamination development characteristics of the delamination zone, the target grouting parameters, and engineering safety requirements.

[0172] Furthermore, to achieve the aforementioned process of dynamically adjusting the target grouting parameters based on the monitoring results of the grouting process, such as... Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 An exemplary schematic diagram of the dynamic feedback control section for grouting is shown. This section can be implemented by the corresponding functions of a grouting process monitoring device, a ground control terminal, and grouting equipment. It may include a data acquisition module, a monitoring and analysis module, a parameter optimization module, a feedback control module, and a grouting execution module. Specifically, the data acquisition module acquires grouting process monitoring data corresponding to any delamination zone; the monitoring and analysis module generates grouting process monitoring results based on the data and determines whether the corresponding monitoring parameters meet the preset adjustment conditions; the parameter optimization module determines the corresponding grouting control method and the adjusted target grouting parameters when the corresponding monitoring parameters meet the preset adjustment conditions; the feedback control module generates grouting control commands based on the adjusted target grouting parameters; and the grouting execution module adjusts the working state of the grouting equipment according to the grouting control commands and continues grouting the corresponding delamination zone according to the adjusted target grouting parameters.

[0173] The pressure sensor, BOTDR fiber optic monitoring system, microseismic monitoring device, and grout return monitoring device can be connected to the data acquisition module. The data acquisition module can also receive monitoring data corresponding to grouting flow rate, grout diffusion radius, and rock stratum settlement. The data acquisition module, monitoring and analysis module, parameter optimization module, and feedback control module can be installed in the ground control terminal. The pressure sensor, BOTDR fiber optic monitoring system, microseismic monitoring device, and grout return monitoring device can constitute at least a part of the grouting process monitoring device.

[0174] The data acquisition module receives monitoring data collected by the grouting process monitoring device and sends the data to the monitoring analysis module. The monitoring analysis module analyzes the monitoring data, generates corresponding grouting process monitoring results, and determines the adjustment judgment results for each monitoring parameter.

[0175] The parameter optimization module may include an error function calculation unit and a weighted adjustment unit. The error function calculation unit is used to determine the deviation between the predicted values ​​and the corresponding measured values ​​of grouting parameters. The weighted adjustment unit is used to fuse monitoring data such as grouting pressure, borehole grout return volume, microseismic activity, and rock stratum settlement according to the weights corresponding to different monitoring parameters, and to determine the corresponding adjustment amount of grouting parameters based on the fusion result.

[0176] Error function calculation and weighted adjustment can employ existing error function weighted adjustment algorithms in the field of industrial process control. The ground control terminal can use this algorithm to iteratively correct existing grouting parameter prediction models and adjust grouting pressure, grouting flow rate, and grout concentration based on the deviation between predicted and measured values. This embodiment only applies existing algorithms to the fusion of grouting process monitoring data and the dynamic adjustment of target grouting parameters; it does not involve any improvement to the error function weighted adjustment algorithm or the prediction model itself.

[0177] The feedback control module generates grouting control commands based on the grouting parameter adjustment results output by the parameter optimization module, and sends these commands to the grouting execution module. The grouting execution module can be installed in the grouting equipment and connected to the grouting pump, flow regulating valve, and grout proportioning device to adjust the grouting pressure, flow rate, and grout concentration according to the grouting control commands.

[0178] After the grouting equipment performs grouting according to the adjusted target grouting parameters, the grouting process monitoring device continues to collect grouting process monitoring data in the corresponding delamination zone, and feeds the new monitoring data back to the monitoring and analysis module through the data acquisition module. This forms a closed-loop control process that combines grouting process monitoring, adjustment judgment, parameter optimization, feedback control and grouting execution.

[0179] Through steps 801 and 802, in the grouting process of any delamination zone, this embodiment compares the grouting process monitoring results of the corresponding delamination zone with preset adjustment conditions. When any monitoring parameter meets the corresponding preset adjustment conditions, the corresponding grouting control method and the adjusted target grouting parameters are determined, so that the subsequent grouting process can be adjusted according to the actual grouting pressure, grout diffusion state, and overburden activity state. This reduces the risk of abnormally high pressure, insufficient grout coverage, or overburden disturbance caused by keeping grouting parameters constant, adapts the grouting process of different delamination zones to the actual grouting state, and forms a closed-loop control combining delamination zone grouting and dynamic feedback adjustment.

[0180] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 10 As shown, after grouting each delamination zone is completed, the delamination grouting method based on dynamic delamination identification and zoned collaborative control further includes the following steps: Step 1001: Obtain the grouting effect test results.

[0181] Here, completing the grouting of each delamination zone can mean that the grouting of each delamination zone has been completed in accordance with the grouting sequence determined in step 104, and that the target grouting parameters have been adjusted accordingly based on the grouting process monitoring results obtained in step 105 during the grouting process. The grouting effect detection results include borehole re-measurement results, wave velocity test results, microseismic activity analysis results, and surface subsidence monitoring results.

[0182] Step 1001 can be executed collaboratively by the grouting effect detection device and the ground control terminal. The grouting effect detection device may include a borehole re-testing device, a wave velocity testing device, a microseismic monitoring device, and a surface subsidence monitoring device. Different grouting effect detection devices acquire corresponding detection data and send the data to the ground control terminal, which then generates grouting effect detection results for each delamination zone.

[0183] Specifically, borehole re-monitoring can be conducted using monitoring boreholes arranged before grouting, or re-monitoring boreholes can be arranged in the overburden area of ​​the stope after grouting is completed. The borehole re-monitoring device can acquire image data of the interior of the re-monitoring borehole through methods such as borehole television observation, and determine the residual delamination space, grout filling distribution, unfilled fractures and fracture connectivity in the corresponding delamination zone based on the image data, thereby obtaining the borehole re-monitoring results.

[0184] Wave velocity testing can detect the wave velocity of rock strata in the corresponding delamination zone before and after grouting. After the grout enters the delamination space and fracture network and forms a grout filling body, the integrity and continuity of the rock mass in the corresponding area change. Therefore, the grout filling and rock mass reinforcement status in the corresponding delamination zone can be determined based on the wave velocity changes before and after grouting, and the wave velocity test results can be obtained.

[0185] Microseismic activity analysis utilizes microseismic monitoring devices to acquire microseismic events during the corresponding monitoring period after grouting is completed. The analysis of microseismic frequency, spatial distribution of microseismic events, and microseismic energy yields the microseismic activity analysis results. By comparing the microseismic activity state after grouting with that before grouting, it can be determined whether the fracturing activity of the corresponding delamination zone and its surrounding overlying rock has been controlled.

[0186] Surface subsidence monitoring can be achieved by setting up multiple subsidence monitoring points within the surface area corresponding to the overburden area of ​​the mining area, and obtaining the surface subsidence amount corresponding to each monitoring point after grouting is completed. Based on the surface subsidence amount corresponding to different surface locations, the surface subsidence curve and the maximum surface subsidence amount after grouting can be determined, thus obtaining the surface subsidence monitoring results.

[0187] The ground control terminal can associate the detection results from different sources with the corresponding delamination zones based on the correspondence between the delamination zone and the re-test borehole, wave velocity test location, microseismic event spatial location and surface projection range, thereby obtaining the grouting effect detection results corresponding to each delamination zone.

[0188] Step 1002: Based on the grouting effect test results, comprehensively evaluate the delamination filling effect of each delamination zone and determine the delamination filling rate corresponding to each delamination zone.

[0189] Here, the delamination filling rate is used to characterize the degree to which the original delamination space in the corresponding delamination zone is effectively filled by the grout. The delamination filling rate in step 1002 is used to evaluate the overall filling effect of the delamination space, and it is a different evaluation index from the fracture filling rate in step 602, which is used to evaluate the degree of filling of the fracture network by the grout.

[0190] Specifically, the ground control terminal can determine the distribution of residual delamination space and slurry filling body in the corresponding delamination zone based on the borehole re-measurement results, determine the changes in the integrity of the rock mass in the corresponding delamination zone based on the wave velocity test results, determine the changes in the fracturing activity of the overlying rock around the corresponding delamination zone based on the microseismic activity analysis results, and determine the subsidence changes within the corresponding surface area of ​​the corresponding delamination zone based on the surface subsidence monitoring results.

[0191] The ground control terminal can employ existing comprehensive evaluation methods in mining engineering or geotechnical engineering to jointly analyze borehole re-measurement results, wave velocity test results, microseismic activity analysis results, and surface subsidence monitoring results. This analysis yields a comprehensive evaluation result of the delamination filling effect for each delamination zone, and determines the delamination filling rate for each zone based on this result. This embodiment does not involve any improvement to the specific comprehensive evaluation method itself.

[0192] In a specific engineering example, after grouting was completed in each separation zone, the main monitoring indicators of the overburden area in the stope before and after grouting are shown in Table 6: Table 6 Treatment effects before and after grouting

[0193] As shown in Table 6, in this specific engineering example, the maximum delamination thickness after grouting decreased from 0.72m before grouting to 0.08m, the maximum surface subsidence decreased from 412mm to 173mm, the microseismic frequency decreased from 128 times / day to 39 times / day, and the fracture connectivity rate decreased from 76% to 21%. These test results indicate that the residual thickness of the original delamination space decreased, the connectivity of overburden fractures and overburden fracturing activity changed, and surface subsidence was controlled accordingly.

[0194] It should be noted that the data shown in Table 6 are test results from a specific engineering example and do not constitute a limitation on the grouting effect achievable by the embodiments of this disclosure or the range of variation of various test indicators. The delamination filling rate corresponding to each delamination zone is still determined by the ground control terminal based on the comprehensive test results of multiple grouting effects corresponding to the respective delamination zone, rather than based solely on any single indicator in Table 6.

[0195] Furthermore, such as Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 An exemplary illustration shows the stabilization structure of overburden after delamination grouting. After the grout enters the delamination space and fracture network, it forms a delamination filler and fills and seals the fractures, providing support for the critical layer. Figure 11 The study also shows the subsidence curves of the goaf, collapsed rock mass, mining direction, key stratum subsidence status, and surface subsidence before and after grouting, which are used to characterize the treatment effect of key stratum subsidence being constrained, surface subsidence being reduced, and overburden stability being improved after delamination grouting. Figure 11 The structures, locations, and curves shown are schematic representations and are not intended to define the actual dimensions, proportions, locations, or settlement amounts of each part.

[0196] In this specific engineering example, after grouting was completed, the treated area was continuously monitored for 60 days. During this period, no obvious delamination expansion was found, indicating that the method described in this disclosure can improve the overall stability of the overburden and enhance the delamination treatment effect.

[0197] Step 1003: When the delamination filling rate of any delamination zone is less than 85%, perform secondary reinforcement grouting on the delamination zone.

[0198] Specifically, the ground control terminal can compare the delamination filling rate corresponding to each delamination zone with a preset filling rate threshold. The preset filling rate threshold is 85%. When the delamination filling rate corresponding to any delamination zone is lower than 85%, it indicates that the filling degree of the original delamination space in the delamination zone has not met the preset filling requirements, and the ground control terminal can identify the delamination zone as a delamination zone to be reinforced.

[0199] The ground control terminal can determine the location and extent of residual delamination space or insufficiently filled cracks based on the borehole re-measurement results and other grouting effect detection results corresponding to the delamination area to be reinforced, and redetermine the corresponding grouting parameters and grouting borehole parameters according to the current delamination development characteristics of the delamination area to be reinforced.

[0200] When existing grouting boreholes can reach the area to be reinforced, secondary reinforcement grouting can be performed using these existing boreholes. When existing grouting boreholes cannot effectively cover the area to be reinforced, supplementary boreholes can be drilled according to the newly determined grouting borehole parameters to form reinforcement grouting boreholes. The grouting equipment can then perform secondary reinforcement grouting on the delamination area to be reinforced using either existing or reinforcement grouting boreholes, according to the newly determined grouting parameters.

[0201] When the delamination filling rate corresponding to the delamination zone is greater than or equal to 85%, it can be determined that the delamination zone has met the preset delamination filling requirements under the current evaluation conditions, and secondary reinforcement grouting will not be triggered. Dynamic monitoring of the delamination zone can continue. After the secondary reinforcement grouting is completed, steps 1001 and 1002 can be executed again to detect and evaluate the reinforcement delamination filling effect.

[0202] Through steps 1001 to 1003, after completing the zonal grouting, this embodiment of the present disclosure comprehensively evaluates the delamination filling effect of each delamination zone using borehole re-measurement results, wave velocity test results, microseismic activity analysis results, and surface subsidence monitoring results, and uses the delamination filling rate as the criterion for determining secondary reinforcement grouting. When the delamination filling rate of any delamination zone does not reach 85%, secondary reinforcement grouting is implemented for that delamination zone, thereby reducing the omission of residual delamination space caused by completing only one grouting without detecting the actual filling effect, and forming a complete closed loop of treatment including delamination dynamic identification, zonal grouting, process feedback adjustment, and grouting effect evaluation.

[0203] In one embodiment, such as Figure 12 As shown, a delamination grouting system based on dynamic identification and zoned collaborative control of delamination is provided. The delamination grouting system includes a ground control terminal 1201, an overburden delamination monitoring device 1202, a grouting process monitoring device 1203, a drilling device 1204, and a grouting device 1205.

[0204] Among them, the overburden separation monitoring device 1202, the grouting process monitoring device 1203 and the drilling equipment 1204 are respectively connected to the ground control terminal 1201 for communication, and the ground control terminal 1201 is connected to the grouting equipment 1205 for control.

[0205] in, Figure 12The target grouting borehole parameters sent from the ground control terminal 1201 to the drilling equipment 1204 include the drilling angle, drilling depth and drilling spacing used for drilling construction; the grouting sequence and segmented grouting length in the target grouting borehole parameters can be sent to the grouting equipment 1205 to organize the grouting operation implemented through the corresponding grouting borehole.

[0206] The overburden delamination monitoring device 1202 is used to acquire overburden delamination development information corresponding to the overburden area of ​​the stope and transmit the overburden delamination development information to the ground control terminal 1201. The overburden delamination development information is used to characterize the delamination development features, overburden fracture development direction, and delamination expansion trend within the overburden area of ​​the stope. The specific process for acquiring the overburden delamination development information can be found in the embodiments corresponding to steps 101 and steps 201 to 203.

[0207] The ground control terminal 1201 is used to dynamically identify delamination areas in the overlying rock region of the mining area based on the overlying rock delamination development information, determine multiple delamination areas and the corresponding delamination development characteristics of each delamination area; determine the target grouting parameters corresponding to each delamination area based on the delamination development characteristics of each delamination area; and determine the target grouting borehole parameters corresponding to each delamination area based on the development direction of overlying rock fractures and the delamination expansion trend. The corresponding dynamic identification of delamination areas and parameter determination process can be found in the embodiments corresponding to steps 102, 103, 301 to 303, 501 to 502, and 601 to 603.

[0208] The ground control terminal 1201 can send the target grouting borehole parameters corresponding to each delamination zone to the drilling equipment 1204. The drilling equipment 1204 performs drilling construction according to the target grouting borehole parameters to form grouting boreholes corresponding to each delamination zone. Specifically, the drilling equipment 1204 can perform drilling construction according to the drilling angle, drilling depth, and drilling spacing in the target grouting borehole parameters.

[0209] The ground control terminal 1201 can also send the target grouting parameters corresponding to each delamination zone to the grouting equipment 1205. The grouting equipment 1205 grouts each delamination zone according to the target grouting parameters through corresponding grouting boreholes. In one possible implementation, the grouting equipment 1205 can also perform grouting according to the grouting sequence and segmented grouting length in the target grouting borehole parameters. The specific execution process of the drilling equipment 1204 and the grouting equipment 1205 can be found in the embodiment corresponding to step 104.

[0210] The grouting process monitoring device 1203 is used to acquire the grouting process monitoring results corresponding to any delamination zone during the grouting process of the grouting equipment 1205 grouting any delamination zone, and send the grouting process monitoring results to the ground control terminal 1201.

[0211] The ground control terminal 1201 is also used to adjust the target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination zone based on the monitoring results of the grouting process, obtain the adjusted target grouting parameters, and control the grouting equipment 1205 to continue grouting the delamination zone through the corresponding grouting boreholes according to the adjusted target grouting parameters. For specific monitoring and feedback adjustment processes, please refer to the embodiments corresponding to steps 105 and steps 801 to 802.

[0212] Furthermore, Figure 9 The grouting dynamic feedback control section shown is Figure 12 The diagram shows a partial unfolding of the delamination grouting system. The pressure sensor, BOTDR fiber optic monitoring system, microseismic monitoring device, and grout return monitoring device can constitute at least a part of the grouting process monitoring device 1203; the data acquisition module, monitoring and analysis module, parameter optimization module, and feedback control module can be located at the ground control terminal 1201; the grouting execution module, grouting pump, flow regulating valve, and grout proportioning device can be located at the grouting equipment 1205. Figure 9 Used to represent the functional logic of dynamic feedback control. Figure 12 Used to represent the overall equipment connection relationship of the delamination grouting system.

[0213] For details regarding data acquisition, delamination identification, parameter determination, drilling, zonal grouting, and feedback adjustment processes not described in this embodiment, please refer to the aforementioned method embodiments; they will not be repeated here.

[0214] As described above, this disclosure uses the overburden delamination development information corresponding to the overburden area of ​​the stope as a unified data basis. Through joint analysis of delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and strata displacement, it achieves dynamic identification of delamination areas within the overburden area of ​​the stope. Target grouting parameters are determined for the delamination development characteristics of different delamination areas. Simultaneously, target grouting borehole parameters are determined collaboratively based on the direction of overburden fracture development and the delamination expansion trend, ensuring that grouting pressure, grouting flow rate, slurry concentration, and borehole layout match the actual delamination development state of the corresponding delamination area. During grouting, this disclosure dynamically adjusts the target grouting parameters based on the grouting process monitoring results corresponding to each delamination area, enabling subsequent grouting processes to adapt to changes in slurry diffusion and overburden activity. After grouting is completed, the delamination filling effect of each delamination area is comprehensively evaluated, and secondary reinforcement grouting is implemented for delamination areas that do not meet the delamination filling rate requirements, forming a closed-loop treatment system combining delamination monitoring, dynamic identification, zoning decision-making, grouting execution, feedback adjustment, and effect evaluation. Therefore, this disclosure can improve the problems of insufficient accuracy in delamination identification, uniform grouting in different areas, difficulty in controlling the grout diffusion range, and lack of dynamic feedback adjustment in related technologies. It can reduce local delamination filling inadequately, abnormal high pressure, grout diffusion to non-target areas, and grout waste, improve the targeting of delamination grouting, grout utilization rate and treatment effect, and help enhance the overall stability of overburden, control surface subsidence and further development of water-conducting fissures.

[0215] The modules, components, or units described in the embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in software or hardware. The names of the modules, components, or units do not necessarily constitute a limitation on the module, component, or unit itself.

[0216] The functions described above in this document can be performed at least in part by one or more hardware logic components. For example, without limitation, exemplary hardware logic components that can be used include: field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), system-on-a-chip (SoCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), and so on.

[0217] The above description is merely an embodiment of this disclosure and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of this disclosure is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the above-described concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features disclosed in this disclosure that have similar functions.

[0218] While specific embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail by way of example, those skilled in the art should understand that the examples are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure. The scope of this disclosure is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A delamination grouting method based on dynamic delamination identification and zoned collaborative control, characterized in that, include: Obtain information on the development of overburden delamination in the overburden area of ​​the stope; wherein, the information on the development of overburden delamination is used to characterize the delamination development features, the direction of overburden fracture development, and the delamination expansion trend in the overburden area of ​​the stope; Based on the overburden ablation development information, dynamic ablation zone identification is performed on the overburden area of ​​the mining area to determine multiple ablation zones and the ablation development characteristics corresponding to each ablation zone. Based on the delamination development characteristics of each delamination zone, the target grouting parameters for each delamination zone are determined, and based on the development direction of the overburden fractures and the delamination expansion trend, the target grouting borehole parameters for each delamination zone are determined. According to the target grouting borehole parameters corresponding to each of the delamination zones, grouting boreholes corresponding to each of the delamination zones are laid out, and grouting is performed on each of the delamination zones through the grouting boreholes corresponding to each of the delamination zones according to the target grouting parameters corresponding to each of the delamination zones. For any of the aforementioned delamination zones, during the grouting process of the delamination zone, the grouting process monitoring results corresponding to the delamination zone are obtained. Based on the grouting process monitoring results, the target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination zone are adjusted to obtain the adjusted target grouting parameters. Then, according to the adjusted target grouting parameters, grouting is continued in the delamination zone through the grouting borehole corresponding to the delamination zone.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of overburden delamination development information corresponding to the overburden area of ​​the mining area includes: A multi-source delamination monitoring method is adopted to collect delamination monitoring data corresponding to the overlying rock area of ​​the stope; wherein, the multi-source delamination monitoring method includes a variety of monitoring methods selected from borehole television observation, microseismic monitoring, distributed optical fiber monitoring, borehole stress monitoring and roof delamination monitoring; The delamination monitoring data are integrated to establish a delamination dynamic monitoring database; wherein, the delamination dynamic monitoring database is used to record delamination height, delamination thickness, fracture propagation range, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, rock stratum displacement, stress change value, and fracture development degree; Based on the data recorded in the delamination dynamic monitoring database, the delamination development information of the overlying strata corresponding to the overlying strata area of ​​the mining area is determined.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of dynamically identifying delamination zones in the overlying rock area of ​​the mining area based on the overlying rock delamination development information, and determining multiple delamination zones and the delamination development characteristics corresponding to each delamination zone, includes: Extract the delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and rock strata displacement from the information on the development of the overlying delamination; A delamination development level determination model was used to jointly analyze the delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and rock stratum displacement to obtain the delamination development level determination result. Based on the results of the delamination development level determination, the overlying rock area of ​​the mining area is dynamically divided into multiple delamination zones. The delamination development level, delamination thickness, fracture connectivity, microseismic frequency, and rock displacement of each delamination zone are determined as the delamination development characteristics of each delamination zone.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the target grouting parameters corresponding to each of the delamination zones includes: Based on the delamination development characteristics of each delamination zone, a differentiated grouting model is established for each delamination zone; wherein, the differentiated grouting model is used to characterize the correspondence between the delamination development characteristics of the corresponding delamination zone and the grouting pressure, grouting flow rate and grout concentration; Based on the differentiated grouting model corresponding to each of the aforementioned delamination zones, the target grouting parameters corresponding to each of the aforementioned delamination zones are determined respectively; wherein, the target grouting parameters include grouting pressure, grouting flow rate and grout concentration.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target grouting drilling parameters include drilling angle, drilling depth, drilling spacing, grouting sequence, and segmented grouting length.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Determining the target grouting borehole parameters corresponding to each of the aforementioned delamination zones includes: By combining spatial fracture network analysis with multivariate nonlinear fitting, the borehole angle, borehole depth, borehole spacing, grouting sequence, and segmented grouting length are synergistically optimized based on the development direction of the overburden fractures and the delamination extension trend. During the collaborative optimization process, weighting coefficients are introduced, and grouting pressure, grout diffusion radius, crack filling rate and grout utilization rate are used as optimization objectives to conduct a comprehensive evaluation and obtain a comprehensive evaluation result. Based on the comprehensive evaluation results, the drilling angle, drilling depth, drilling spacing, grouting sequence, and segmented grouting length are adjusted to determine the target grouting drilling parameters corresponding to each separation zone.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The monitoring results of the grouting process include grouting pressure monitoring results, grouting flow rate monitoring results, grout diffusion radius monitoring results, borehole return grout monitoring results, microseismic activity monitoring results, and rock stratum settlement monitoring results. The step of adjusting the target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination zone based on the grouting process monitoring results includes: Based on the monitoring parameters in the grouting process monitoring results and the preset adjustment conditions corresponding to each monitoring parameter, the adjustment judgment result corresponding to each monitoring parameter is determined; wherein, the adjustment judgment result is used to indicate whether the corresponding monitoring parameter meets the corresponding preset adjustment conditions; When any of the adjustment judgment results indicates that the corresponding monitoring parameter meets the corresponding preset adjustment conditions, the monitoring parameter corresponding to the adjustment judgment result is determined as the trigger monitoring parameter, the corresponding grouting control method is determined according to the trigger monitoring parameter, and the target grouting parameter corresponding to the separation zone is adjusted according to the grouting control method.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of determining the corresponding grouting control method based on the trigger monitoring parameters, and adjusting the target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination zone based on the grouting control method, includes: When the trigger monitoring parameter is grouting pressure, and the monitored grouting pressure is greater than or equal to 1.15 times the grouting pressure in the target grouting parameter corresponding to the delamination zone, the grouting flow rate is reduced and the grouting of the current grouting hole section is suspended. When the trigger monitoring parameter is the grout diffusion radius, and the monitored grout diffusion radius is less than the preset grout diffusion radius corresponding to the delamination zone, the grouting pressure is increased and the grout concentration is adjusted. When the trigger monitoring parameter is micro-vibration activity, and the monitored micro-vibration activity meets the preset abnormal conditions, the grouting pressure is reduced, high-pressure grouting is stopped, and low-pressure stabilizing grouting is switched.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After completing the grouting of each of the aforementioned delamination zones, the method further includes: Obtain grouting effect test results; wherein, the grouting effect test results include borehole re-test results, wave velocity test results, microseismic activity analysis results, and surface subsidence monitoring results; Based on the grouting effect test results, the delamination filling effect of each delamination zone is comprehensively evaluated, and the delamination filling rate corresponding to each delamination zone is determined. When the delamination filling rate of any of the delamination zones is less than 85%, secondary reinforcement grouting is performed on the delamination zones.

10. A delamination grouting system based on dynamic delamination identification and zoned collaborative control, characterized in that, It includes an overburden separation monitoring device, a ground control terminal, drilling equipment, grouting equipment, and a grouting process monitoring device; the overburden separation monitoring device, the drilling equipment, and the grouting process monitoring device are respectively communicatively connected to the ground control terminal, and the ground control terminal is controlled by the grouting equipment; The overburden delamination monitoring device is used to acquire overburden delamination development information corresponding to the overburden area of ​​the mining area; wherein, the overburden delamination development information is used to characterize the delamination development characteristics, overburden fracture development direction and delamination expansion trend within the overburden area of ​​the mining area; The ground control terminal is used to dynamically identify the delamination area of ​​the overlying rock in the mining area based on the overlying rock delamination development information, and to determine multiple delamination areas and the delamination development characteristics corresponding to each delamination area. The ground control terminal is also used to determine the target grouting parameters corresponding to each of the abscission zones based on the abscission development characteristics of each abscission zone, and to determine the target grouting borehole parameters corresponding to each of the abscission zones based on the development direction of the overburden fractures and the abscission expansion trend. The drilling equipment is used to perform drilling construction according to the target grouting drilling parameters corresponding to each of the delamination zones, so as to form grouting holes corresponding to each of the delamination zones. The grouting equipment is used to grout each of the delamination zones according to the target grouting parameters corresponding to each of the delamination zones, through the grouting boreholes corresponding to each of the delamination zones respectively; The grouting process monitoring device is used to obtain the grouting process monitoring results corresponding to the delamination zone during the grouting process of any of the delamination zones; The ground control terminal is also used to adjust the target grouting parameters corresponding to the delamination zone according to the grouting process monitoring results, obtain the adjusted target grouting parameters, and control the grouting equipment to continue grouting the delamination zone through the grouting borehole corresponding to the delamination zone according to the adjusted target grouting parameters.

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