Support system for coal seam small pillar mining

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a supporting system for small coal pillar mining of a coal seam, which comprises a first supporting part, a second supporting part, a connecting device and an anchoring piece. The first supporting part is arranged in a roadway. The second supporting part is arranged between the first supporting part and the small coal pillar, and the distance between the second supporting part and the first supporting part is adjustable. The connecting device is connected between the first supporting part and the second supporting part, and is used to drive the second supporting part to move away from the first supporting part when the width of the small coal pillar changes. The anchoring piece is anchored to the roof of the roadway through the first supporting part and / or the second supporting part. By arranging the first supporting part and the second supporting part with adjustable distance, and cooperating with the connecting device to drive the second supporting part to move according to the width change of the small coal pillar, the automatic adaptation of the supporting range to the width change of the small coal pillar can be realized, and the second supporting part can be ensured to always adhere to the side roadway of the small coal pillar, thereby effectively reducing the risk of roof falling in the small coal pillar mining process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of coal mining technology, and in particular to a support system for small coal pillar mining of coal seams. Background Technology

[0002] During the mining process of small coal pillars along the goaf, as the width of the small coal pillars gradually narrows, the pressure of the surrounding rock in the roadway is redistributed, and the risks of roof deformation and sidewall convergence increase significantly.

[0003] Currently, traditional support systems for coal mine roadways employ various methods. Some involve laying an arc-shaped frame on top of the surrounding rock and using monitoring anchors to track rock deformation. Others utilize flexible anchors to reinforce narrow coal pillars, maintaining pillar stability through the interaction of the anchors on either side.

[0004] While traditional methods can improve roadway support to some extent, they still have shortcomings. Once the aforementioned support devices are installed, their support position and range are fixed, making it difficult to adapt to dynamic changes in the width of the small coal pillar. This results in gaps between the support devices and the coal pillar as the small coal pillar narrows, leaving newly exposed roof areas without effective support. This leads to support lag and increases the risk of roof collapse. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, this application aims to provide a support system for mining small coal pillars in coal seams, which solves the problem that traditional support devices are difficult to adapt to dynamic changes in the width of small coal pillars after installation, resulting in lagging support in newly exposed roof areas.

[0006] This application provides a support system for small coal pillar mining in coal seams, including a first support section, a second support section, a connecting device, and anchors. The first support section is installed within the roadway. The second support section is installed between the first support section and the small coal pillar, and the distance between the second support section and the first support section is adjustable. The connecting device connects the first support section and the second support section, and is used to drive the second support section to move away from the first support section according to changes in the width of the small coal pillar. Anchors pass through the first support section and / or the second support section and are anchored to the roadway roof.

[0007] In some embodiments, the connecting device includes a connecting body, an elastic element, and a transmission block, with the connecting body connected to the first support portion. The elastic element is disposed on the connecting body. The transmission block connects the elastic element and the second support portion. When the elastic element releases potential energy, it pushes the second support portion relative to the first support portion through the transmission block.

[0008] In some embodiments, the connecting device further includes a limiting part and an auxiliary plate. The limiting part is disposed on the connecting body, and an elastic element is compressed and disposed between the connecting body and the limiting part. The auxiliary plate is disposed between the first support part and the second support part. Wherein, when the bearing pressure of the first support part and / or the second support part is greater than or equal to a preset pressure value, the limiting part releases the elastic element to drive the second support part to move, and the auxiliary plate is used to support the newly exposed roof area after the second support part is removed.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first support and / or the second support includes a bearing plate, a plurality of bearing members, connectors, and monitoring members. The bearing members are spaced apart on the bearing plate and have bearing grooves facing the roadway roof. Connectors are disposed between adjacent bearing members and are connected to anchors. Monitoring members are disposed at the opening of the bearing grooves and are movably connected to the bearing members, serving to contact the roadway roof.

[0010] In some embodiments, the support member includes a base plate and side plates, the side plates being disposed on opposite sides of the base plate, a support groove being provided between the base plate and the side plates, and at least a portion of the monitoring member being located between the two side plates.

[0011] In some embodiments, the monitoring component includes a monitoring plate and a telescopic plate, with the telescopic plate disposed on opposite sides of the monitoring plate, and the monitoring plate being movably connected to the carrier component via the telescopic plate.

[0012] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the side plate is inclined, and the outer surface of the telescopic plate is in contact with the inclined surface. It is configured such that when the monitoring element moves relative to the carrier, the inclined surface presses against the telescopic plate, causing the telescopic plate to retract into the carrier groove.

[0013] In some embodiments, the anchor includes a rod, a buffer section, and an anchoring section. The buffer section is located at the top of the rod and is axially movable relative to the rod. The anchoring section is located at the end of the buffer section away from the rod.

[0014] In some embodiments, the support system further includes a base, a column, and an adjustable support assembly. The base is positioned at the bottom of the tunnel and is movable. The column is mounted on the base and is telescopic relative to the base. The adjustable support assembly is located on top of the column and cooperates with the first support section and / or the second support section.

[0015] In some embodiments, the control support assembly includes a central body, a movable support member, and a central support member. The movable support member is disposed on the side of the central body and movably engages with the first support member and / or the second support member. The central support member is disposed above the central body and is fixedly connected to the first support member and / or the second support member.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are: This application, by setting up an adjustable first and second support section and cooperating with a connecting device to drive the second support section to move according to the change in the width of the small coal pillar, can realize the automatic adaptation of the support range to the change in the width of the small coal pillar, ensuring that the second support section always fits the sidewall of the small coal pillar, avoiding support lag in newly exposed roof areas, and effectively reducing the risk of roof collapse during the mining of small coal pillars.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is one of the overall structural schematic diagrams of the support system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 A top view of the support system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is the second schematic diagram of the overall structure of the support system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is the third overall schematic diagram of the support system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 Fourth overall schematic diagram of the support system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting device in the support system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the control and support component structure in the support system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the anchors in the support system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 9 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the support system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 10 This is the second schematic diagram of the support system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 11 The third schematic diagram of the support system provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 11 First Support Unit, 12 Second Support Unit, 13 bearing plates, 14. Bearing components, 140. Bearing groove, 141. Base plate, 142. Side plate. 15 connectors, 16 monitoring components, 161 monitoring plate, 162 telescopic plate. 2. Connecting device; 21. Connecting body; 22. Elastic element; 23. Transmission block. 3 Anchors, 31 Rod body, 32 Buffer section, 33 Anchoring section 4 auxiliary boards 50. Base; 51. Column; 52. Adjustable support assembly; 521. Central body; 522. Movable support component; 523. Central support component; 524. Connecting frame; 525. Pushing mechanism. 6 small coal pillars. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] In this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0023] Furthermore, in addition to indicating location or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in some cases to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] Furthermore, the terms "installation," "setup," "equipped with," "connection," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are primarily used to distinguish different devices, components, or parts (which may be the same or different in specific type and construction), and are not intended to indicate or imply the relative importance or quantity of the indicated devices, components, or parts. Unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0026] This application provides a support system for small coal pillar mining in coal seams, including a first support part 11, a second support part 12, a connecting device 2, and an anchor 3.

[0027] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first support unit 11 is used to be installed in the roadway. The first support unit 11 is a fixed support structure unit installed in the roadway. The first support unit 11 serves as the fixed foundation of the support system, and its spatial position remains relatively fixed after installation.

[0028] The second support 12 is positioned between the first support 11 and the small coal pillar 6, and the distance between the second support 12 and the first support 11 is adjustable. The second support 12 is a movable support structure positioned between the first support 11 and the small coal pillar 6, and it directly constrains the sidewall of the small coal pillar 6. The distance between the first support 11 and the second support 12 is not fixed but can vary within a certain range. The second support 12 has a degree of freedom of relative movement with respect to the first support 11; that is, the second support 12 can move relative to the first support 11 to change the distance between them, providing a structural basis for adaptive adjustment of the support range.

[0029] The connecting device 2 is connected between the first support 11 and the second support 12. The connecting device 2 is used to drive the second support 12 to move away from the first support 11 according to the change in the width of the small coal pillar 6. The connecting device 2 can associate the first support 11 and the second support 12 into a whole, and can drive the second support 12 to move according to the change in the width of the small coal pillar 6, thereby making the distance between the first support 11 and the second support 12 adjustable.

[0030] Anchor 3 passes through the first support section 11 and / or the second support section 12 and is anchored to the roadway roof. Anchor 3 is used to suspend the support system in the roof strata and provide upward anchoring force.

[0031] During the mining of the small coal pillar 6, the width of the small coal pillar 6 gradually narrows as mining progresses. After the support system is installed, the first support part 11 is fixed in the roadway, and the second support part 12 is initially positioned between the first support part 11 and the small coal pillar 6. Optionally, the second support part 12 can contact the edge of the small coal pillar 6. When the small coal pillar 6 narrows, a gap is formed between the second support part 12 and the narrowed coal pillar, and the newly exposed roof area loses support. This application uses a connecting device 2 to associate the first support part 11 and the second support part 12, and makes the distance between the second support part 12 and the first support part 11 adjustable. This allows the connecting device 2 to drive the second support part 12 to move away from the first support part 11 according to the change in the width of the small coal pillar 6, so that the second support part 12 always fits against the small coal pillar 6 and provides effective support for the newly exposed roof area. Anchor 3 anchors the entire support system to the roadway roof, providing a stable suspension force for the support and ensuring that the support system does not slip or fall off under the pressure of the roof.

[0032] This application, by setting up an adjustable first support section 11 and a second support section 12, and cooperating with the connecting device 2 to drive the second support section 12 to move according to the width change of the small coal pillar 6, can realize the automatic adaptation of the support range to the width change of the small coal pillar 6, ensuring that the second support section 12 always fits the sidewall of the small coal pillar 6, avoiding support lag in newly exposed roof areas, and effectively reducing the risk of roof collapse during the mining of the small coal pillar 6.

[0033] Specifically, the connecting device 2 is connected between the first support section 11 and the second support section 12. When the width of the small coal pillar 6 narrows, the bearing capacity of the coal pillar decreases, the roof pressure shifts to the support system, and the surrounding rock pressure borne by the second support section 12 increases. Since the connecting device 2 is directly connected to the second support section 12, this pressure change is transmitted to the inside of the connecting device 2 through the connection relationship between the connecting device 2 and the second support section 12, allowing the connecting device 2 to sense the change in mechanical state caused by the change in the width of the small coal pillar 6.

[0034] When the connecting device 2 senses through mechanical transmission that the pressure on the second support 12 has increased to a certain extent, that is, the width of the small coal pillar 6 has become significantly narrower, the mechanical energy stored inside the connecting device 2 is released, driving the second support 12 to move away from the first support 11 until the second support 12 re-fits the narrowed coal pillar. This driving direction is consistent with the direction that needs to be compensated after the coal pillar narrows, ensuring that the second support 12 always fits the side wall of the small coal pillar 6.

[0035] In some implementations, such as Figure 6As shown, the connecting device 2 includes a connecting body 21, an elastic element 22, and a transmission block 23. The connecting body 21 is connected to the first support portion 11. The elastic element 22 is disposed on the connecting body 21. The transmission block 23 is connected between the elastic element 22 and the second support portion 12. When the elastic element 22 releases potential energy, it pushes the second support portion 12 to move relative to the first support portion 11 through the transmission block 23.

[0036] The connecting body 21 is disposed on the first support section 11, and the elastic element 22 is disposed on the connecting body 21. During the initial installation of the support system, the elastic element 22 is compressed and stores elastic potential energy. The connecting body 21 provides support and reaction force for the compression deformation of the elastic element 22. One end of the transmission block 23 is connected to the elastic element 22, and the other end is connected to the second support section 12. The transmission block 23 constitutes the mechanical transmission path from the elastic element 22 to the second support section 12. When the width of the small coal pillar 6 changes, causing the bearing pressure to reach a preset threshold, the elastic element 22 is released, and the elastic potential energy stored in the elastic element 22 is converted into kinetic energy, which is transmitted to the second support section 12 through the transmission block 23, pushing the second support section 12 to move relative to the first support section 11.

[0037] In this embodiment, the connecting device 2 includes a connecting body 21, an elastic element 22, and a transmission block 23, realizing a purely mechanical force transmission and driving function. The elastic element 22, as an energy storage element, can pre-store energy during system installation and release it instantaneously when needed, driving the second support 12 to move without an external power source. The connecting body 21 provides a stable installation and force-bearing foundation, while the transmission block 23 establishes a complete mechanical transmission path, enabling the driving function of the connecting device 2 to be reliably realized in a downhole environment without electricity or hydraulic pressure. It has a simple structure and rapid response.

[0038] Optionally, the top of one end of the connecting body 21 is fixedly connected to the connector 15 in the first support 11, and both sides of the connecting body 21 are fixedly connected to the sides of two adjacent bearing members 14. The connecting body 21 and the first support 11 are fixed at multiple points, ensuring that the connecting body 21 does not shift relative to the first support 11 during system operation, thus providing stable reaction force support for the compression and release of the elastic member 22.

[0039] Optionally, the transmission block 23 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting member 15 in the second support section 12 and the elastic member 22. When the elastic member 22 releases potential energy, the transmission block 23 can directly transmit the driving force to the bottom of the second support section 12, pushing the second support section 12 to move smoothly as a whole.

[0040] In some implementations, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the connecting device 2 also includes a limiting part and an auxiliary plate 4. The limiting part is disposed on the connecting body 21, and the elastic element 22 is compressed and disposed between the connecting body 21 and the limiting part. The auxiliary plate 4 is disposed between the first support part 11 and the second support part 12. Wherein, when the bearing pressure of the first support part 11 and / or the second support part 12 is greater than or equal to a preset pressure value, the limiting part releases the elastic element 22 to drive the second support part 12 to move, and the auxiliary plate 4 is used to support the newly exposed roof area after the second support part 12 is moved out.

[0041] The limiting part is used to constrain the elastic member 22, keeping the elastic member 22 in a compressed state. The connecting body 21 and the limiting part together constitute a constraint boundary that restricts the natural elongation of the elastic member 22, enabling the elastic member 22 to retain potential energy storage in a compressed state.

[0042] The auxiliary plate 4 is a plate-shaped member disposed between the first support portion 11 and the second support portion 12. The auxiliary plate 4 provides support for the newly exposed roof area after the second support portion 12 is removed. Optionally, the auxiliary plate 4 is disposed on top of the connecting body 21. When the second support portion 12 is moved away from the first support portion 11 under the drive of the elastic member 22, the connecting body 21 is exposed between the first support portion 11 and the second support portion 12. The auxiliary plate 4 is installed on top of the connecting body 21, and the connecting body 21 and the auxiliary plate 4 together provide support for the newly exposed roof area. The auxiliary plate 4 and the connecting body 21 form a combined load-bearing structure, improving the support stiffness for the newly exposed roof area.

[0043] The bearing pressure of the first support section 11 and / or the second support section 12 refers to the roof pressure or surrounding rock pressure borne by the first support section 11 and / or the second support section 12. The source of the bearing pressure is the deformation and stress release of the roadway roof and surrounding rock. During the operation of the support system, the pressure value acting on the support section will change accordingly as the width of the small coal pillar 6 changes. The preset pressure value is a pre-set pressure threshold, which serves as the trigger condition for the release of the elastic element 22 by the limiting part. When the bearing pressure reaches or exceeds the preset pressure value, the limiting part is triggered to release the constraint on the elastic element 22. The selection of the preset pressure value needs to comprehensively consider factors such as the width of the coal pillar, roof conditions, and support strength. It is the critical pressure point for judging that the small coal pillar 6 has narrowed to the point where the support range needs to be expanded outward.

[0044] A limiting part is disposed on the connecting body 21, and together with the connecting body 21, they form the compression constraint boundary of the elastic element 22. In the initial installation state, the elastic element 22 is compressed between the connecting body 21 and the limiting part, storing elastic potential energy. The constraint force of the limiting part on the elastic element 22 is greater than the restoring force of the elastic element 22, preventing the elastic element 22 from naturally elongating. During the operation of the support system, as the width of the small coal pillar 6 changes, the roof pressure borne by the first support part 11 and / or the second support part 12 changes. When the bearing pressure increases to a preset pressure value, the limiting part is subjected to an external force exceeding its holding capacity, releasing the elastic element 22. The elastic element 22 recovers from the compressed state, and the stored potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, which pushes the second support part 12 to move relative to the first support part 11 through the transmission block 23.

[0045] Furthermore, the auxiliary plate 4 is pre-positioned in the area between the first support 11 and the second support 12 before the second support 12 is removed. When the second support 12 moves away from the first support 11 under the drive of the elastic member 22, the gap between the first support 11 and the second support 12 increases. The roof plate corresponding to this gap area is the newly exposed roof plate area, and the auxiliary plate 4 provides support to this area, filling the support gap.

[0046] In this embodiment, the controllable release of the elastic element 22 is achieved through the limiting part, allowing the elastic element 22 to pre-store energy during the initial installation of the system and automatically release when the bearing pressure caused by the change in the width of the small coal pillar 6 reaches a preset threshold. This achieves mechanical automation through drive triggering, without the need for external control signals. Simultaneously, by setting the auxiliary plate 4, immediate support is provided to the newly exposed roof area after the second support part 12 is moved out, filling the gap in the support range after adaptive movement. The threshold triggering mechanism provided by the limiting part ensures that the elastic element 22 will not be accidentally released due to minor pressure fluctuations, while the auxiliary plate 4 ensures that the roof support after adaptive expansion remains continuous and intact.

[0047] In some implementations, such as Figure 5 As shown, the first support section 11 and / or the second support section 12 include a bearing plate 13, a plurality of bearing members 14, connecting members 15, and monitoring members 16. The plurality of bearing members 14 are spaced apart on the bearing plate 13, and each bearing member 14 has a bearing groove 140 facing the roadway roof. Connecting members 15 are disposed between adjacent bearing members 14 and are connected to anchors 3. Monitoring members 16 are disposed at the opening of the bearing groove 140, and are movably connected to the bearing members 14, for contacting the roadway roof.

[0048] The support plate 13 serves as the bottom base plate for multiple support components 14, providing a common installation platform and support surface for them. It is located at the bottom of the support structure. The support components 14 are mounted on the support plate 13, arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the support plate 13, i.e., at linear intervals. Each support component 14 has a support groove 140 on its top. The support groove 140 is a recessed space at the top of the support component 14, with its opening facing the tunnel roof. Connectors 15 are positioned between adjacent support components 14, connecting them in series to form a single unit. Connectors 15 are connected to anchors 3, allowing the entire support structure to be suspended and fixed to the tunnel roof via the anchors 3. Monitoring components 16 are positioned at the opening of the support groove 140, used for displacement sensing. The monitoring components 16 are movably connected to the support components 14, allowing relative movement within the support groove 140. The upper surface of the monitoring components 16 contacts the tunnel roof, directly sensing changes in roof displacement.

[0049] The support plate 13 is located at the bottom of the support structure, serving as a common mounting base for multiple support components 14. Multiple support components 14 are spaced apart on the support plate 13, distributed along the roadway extension direction. Each support component 14 has a support groove 140 with an opening facing the roadway roof, providing space and a guide rail for the monitoring component 16. Connectors 15 are positioned between adjacent support components 14, connecting the dispersed support components 14 in series into a single bearing surface, allowing localized stress to be distributed to adjacent support components 14 and anchors 3 via the connectors 15. The connectors 15 connect to the anchors 3, achieving suspension and fixation of the entire support structure on the roadway roof. The monitoring component 16 is located at the opening of the support groove 140, movably connected to the support component 14, and can move up and down within the support groove 140. The monitoring component 16 is in direct contact with the roadway roof; when the roof subsides or deforms, the monitoring component 16 moves synchronously with the roof, achieving direct sensing and mechanical indication of roof displacement.

[0050] The bearing plate 13 provides a unified support benchmark for the bearing component 14, the bearing component 14 provides a space for the monitoring component 16 and a guide rail for vertical movement, the connector 15 realizes the series connection between the bearing components 14 and the connection with the anchor 3, and the monitoring component 16 realizes the follow-up with the top plate through the movable connection.

[0051] In this embodiment, the first support section 11 and the second support section 12 have the same structure, specifically including a bearing plate 13, a bearing component 14, a connector 15, and a monitoring component 16, realizing the integration of bearing and monitoring. The bearing plate 13 provides a unified installation foundation for multiple bearing components 14, improving the overall stability of the structure. The bearing component 14 provides a space for accommodating and guiding the monitoring component 16 through the bearing groove 140, enabling the monitoring component 16 to move stably in a predetermined direction. The connector 15 connects the dispersed bearing components 14 in series into a whole bearing surface, realizing the uniform distribution of stress and providing a connection interface with the anchor 3. The monitoring component 16 moves with the roof through a movable connection, realizing purely mechanical displacement sensing, integrating the roof support function and displacement monitoring function in space, with a compact layout, facilitating rapid deployment downhole.

[0052] In some implementations, such as Figure 5 As shown, the support member 14 includes a base plate 141 and a side plate 142. The side plates 142 are disposed on opposite sides of the base plate 141. A support groove 140 is provided between the base plate 141 and the side plates 142. At least a portion of the monitoring member 16 is located between the two side plates 142.

[0053] The base plate 141 serves as the bottom foundation of the bearing member 14. The lower surface of the base plate 141 is in contact with the bearing plate 13, transmitting the pressure from above to the bearing plate 13.

[0054] Side plates 142 are disposed on opposite sides of the base plate 141, together with the base plate 141 forming a bearing groove 140. The two side plates 142 extend upward from the two sides of the base plate 141 respectively, forming side walls on both sides of the bearing groove 140, providing lateral guidance for the movement of the monitoring element 16 within the bearing groove 140.

[0055] A portion of the monitoring element 16 is located between the two side plates 142, meaning the lower part of the monitoring element 16 extends into the bearing groove 140 and forms a mating relationship with the inner walls of the two side plates 142. When the monitoring element 16 moves relative to the bearing element 14 due to changes in the pressure of the top plate, the inner walls of the side plates 142 provide guiding constraints for the movement of the monitoring element 16, ensuring that its movement direction is consistent with the depth direction of the bearing groove 140.

[0056] The support member 14 in this embodiment includes a base plate 141 and side plates 142. The base plate 141 provides the bottom support surface of the support member 14, ensuring close contact and force transmission with the support plate 13. The two side plates 142 form sidewalls on both sides of the support groove 140, providing guiding constraints for the vertical movement of the monitoring member 16, ensuring that the displacement direction of the monitoring member 16 is consistent with the downward direction of the top plate, thus improving the accuracy of displacement monitoring. The side plates 142 also provide a structural basis for subsequent inclined surface cooperation with the monitoring member 16.

[0057] It should be noted that the pressure from the top plate on the bearing member 14 is distributed in two directions through the side plate 142. Part of the pressure is transmitted to the connector 15 via the upper part of the side plate 142, and is ultimately borne by the anchor 3. The other part is transmitted to the bottom plate 141 via the lower part of the side plate 142, and then to the support device via the bearing plate 13. The bearing member 14 achieves dual-path force transmission, reducing the direct burden on the anchor 3 and preventing the anchor 3 from failing due to overload caused by instantaneous impact load.

[0058] In some implementations, such as Figure 5 As shown, the monitoring component 16 includes a monitoring plate 161 and a telescopic plate 162. The telescopic plate 162 is disposed on opposite sides of the monitoring plate 161, and the monitoring plate 161 is movably connected to the carrier component 14 through the telescopic plate 162.

[0059] The monitoring component 16 consists of a monitoring plate 161 and telescopic plates 162 disposed on both sides thereof. The monitoring plate 161 is located in the center of the monitoring component 16, and its top contacts the roof of the tunnel. It is the core component that directly bears the roof pressure and moves with the roof. The telescopic plates 162 are disposed on opposite sides of the monitoring plate 161, serving as intermediate connecting parts 15 between the monitoring plate 161 and the carrier component 14. The monitoring plate 161 is movably connected to the carrier component 14 through the telescopic plates 162. The outer end of the telescopic plates 162 contacts or engages with the inner wall of the side plate 142 of the carrier component 14. When the monitoring plate 161 moves downward due to the roof pressure, the telescopic plates 162 move downward along with the monitoring plate 161 and contract inward under the squeezing action of the inner wall of the side plate 142, so that the monitoring component 16 and the carrier component 14 maintain a mechanical connection while allowing relative vertical movement.

[0060] Optionally, an elastic element is provided between the telescopic plate 162 and the monitoring plate 161. The elastic element applies a force to the telescopic plate 162 toward the outside of the monitoring plate 161, so that the telescopic plate 162 remains in an outwardly extended state when there is no external constraint, and fits against the inner wall of the side plate 142. When the telescopic plate 162 is subjected to the squeezing force of the inner wall of the side plate 142, the telescopic plate 162 overcomes the elastic force of the elastic element and contracts inward into the monitoring plate 161. The elastic element ensures the continuous fit between the telescopic plate 162 and the inclined surface of the side plate 142, ensuring the continuity of displacement transmission.

[0061] In this embodiment, the monitoring plate 161, as a component in direct contact with the top plate, can accurately follow the displacement of the top plate; the telescopic plate 162, as an intermediate connecting member 15, maintains the connection between the monitoring plate 161 and the bearing member 14, and also adapts to the vertical movement of the monitoring plate 161 within the bearing groove 140 through its own telescopic characteristics. The telescopic plate 162 provides a structural basis for subsequent cooperation with the inclined surface of the side plate 142, allowing the vertical displacement of the monitoring plate 161 to be indicated by the amount of extension and retraction of the telescopic plate 162.

[0062] In some implementations, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the inner wall of the side plate 142 is a slope, and the outer surface of the telescopic plate 162 is in contact with the slope. It is configured such that when the monitoring member 16 moves relative to the bearing member 14, the slope presses the telescopic plate 162, causing the telescopic plate 162 to retract into the bearing groove 140.

[0063] The inner wall of the side plate 142 is set as an inclined surface, so that the horizontal distance between the inner walls of the two side plates 142 gradually decreases from the opening of the bearing groove 140 towards the bottom of the groove. The outer surface of the telescopic plate 162 fits against the inclined surface to form an inclined surface fit.

[0064] When the monitoring element 16 moves downward relative to the bearing element 14 under the pressure of the top plate, the telescopic plate 162 moves downward synchronously with the monitoring plate 161. As the telescopic plate 162 slides down the slope, the slope gradually narrows inward, generating a positive pressure perpendicular to the slope. The horizontal component of this positive pressure compresses the telescopic plate 162 inward towards the monitoring plate 161, causing it to overcome the resistance of the internal elastic element and contract. The amount of contraction of the telescopic plate 162 increases with the downward movement of the monitoring element 16. By observing the amount of contraction of the telescopic plate 162, the downward movement of the monitoring element 16 can be determined, and thus the amount of top plate subsidence can be determined.

[0065] In this embodiment, by setting the inner wall of the side plate 142 as an inclined surface and fitting it with the telescopic plate 162, a displacement amplification function is achieved. The minute vertical displacement of the monitoring component 16 is amplified into a more noticeable horizontal contraction of the telescopic plate 162 through the inclined surface, thus improving the monitoring sensitivity. At the same time, the vertical sinking of the roof is converted into an observable horizontal displacement, allowing miners to visually judge the roof condition without the need for electronic equipment, providing extremely high reliability in the high-humidity and dusty underground environment.

[0066] In some implementations, such as Figure 8 As shown, the anchor 3 includes a rod 31, a buffer section 32, and an anchoring section 33. The buffer section 32 is located at the top of the rod 31 and is axially movable relative to the rod 31. The anchoring section 33 is located at the end of the buffer section 32 away from the rod 31.

[0067] The anchor 3 consists of a rod 31, a buffer section 32, and an anchoring section 33, arranged from bottom to top. During installation, the lower end of the rod 31 is fixedly connected to the connector 15 of the support, while the upper end of the rod 31 extends into the borehole in the roof. When the anchoring section 33 reaches the predetermined depth of the borehole, grouting is used to expand the anchoring section 33 and form a full-length anchor with the borehole wall rock mass, providing strong anchoring force. After the anchoring section 33 is anchored, the rod 31 and the buffer section 32 are switched to a state where they can move relative to each other axially through a specific operation. Subsequently, when the roadway roof subsides or deforms, the anchoring section 33 moves with the rock strata, while the buffer section 32 slides on the rod 31, absorbing the displacement of the rock strata while maintaining the anchoring force, thus preventing the anchor 3 from breaking due to instantaneous overload.

[0068] In this embodiment, the anchor 3 is configured as a three-section structure consisting of a rod 31, a buffer section 32, and an anchoring section 33, enabling the anchor 3 to simultaneously possess high anchoring strength and impact-resistant buffering performance. The anchoring section 33 achieves full-length anchoring through grouting, providing strong anchoring force. The buffer section 32, through its design allowing axial movement relative to the rod 31, provides relief space, enabling the anchor 3 to absorb displacement of the roof strata without fracturing. The combination of these two aspects allows the anchor 3 to provide reliable anchoring force while also possessing excellent buffering performance, adapting to the deformation of the surrounding rock under the influence of intense mining in the small coal pillar 6 roadway.

[0069] During the installation of anchor 3, the rod 31 and the buffer section 32 are in both engaged and disengaged states. During installation, the rod 31 is rotated forward to engage with the buffer section 32. The rotation and thrust of the rod 31 are transmitted through the buffer section 32 to the anchoring section 33, pushing it to the predetermined depth within the borehole. After the anchoring section 33 reaches the predetermined position, the rod 31 is rotated in the reverse direction to disengage from the buffer section 32, returning it to a disengaged state where it can move relatively axially. Anchor 3 possesses sufficient pushing stiffness during installation to ensure proper placement and provides pressure relief during use to absorb displacement of the roof strata.

[0070] In some implementations, such as Figure 4 As shown, the support system also includes a base 50, a column 51, and an adjustable support assembly 52. ​​The base 50 is installed at the bottom of the roadway and is movable. The column 51 is mounted on the base 50 and can extend and retract relative to the base 50. The adjustable support assembly 52 is located on the top of the column 51 and cooperates with the first support part 11 and / or the second support part 12.

[0071] The base 50 is set at the bottom of the roadway and is movable, allowing the entire support device to be flexibly adjusted in position within the roadway to adapt to different mining stages and support requirements.

[0072] The column 51 is mounted on the base 50 and can extend and retract relative to the base 50. The adjustment of the lifting and lowering allows the control support component 52 to adapt to the undulation of the tunnel floor 141 and the change in the height of the roof.

[0073] The regulating support component 52 is located at the top of the column 51 and cooperates with the bottom of the first support part 11 and / or the second support part 12 to transfer the supporting force of the column 51 to the support part, providing the support part with a bottom-up supporting force. The supporting force and the anchoring force of the anchor 3 from top to bottom form an upper and lower counter-support, which together maintains the stability of the support system.

[0074] In some implementations, such as Figure 7 As shown, the control support assembly 52 includes a central body 521, a movable support member 522, and a central support member 523. The movable support member 522 is disposed on the side of the central body 521 and is movably engaged with the first support member 11 and / or the second support member 12. The central support member 523 is disposed above the central body 521 and is fixedly connected to the first support member 11 and / or the second support member 12.

[0075] The central body 521 is fixed to the top of the column 51, serving as the central reference for the control support assembly 52. ​​Optionally, the control support assembly 52 also includes a connecting frame 524, which is fixed to the outside of the central body 521. A slide rail is provided on the inner wall of the connecting frame 524 connecting to the central body 521. The movable support member 522 slides along the slide rail, allowing it to move horizontally relative to the central body 521. The connecting frame 524 provides guidance and limits for the movable support member 522, making its movement direction controllable and achieving higher adjustment precision.

[0076] The central support member 523 is located above the central body 521 and is fixedly connected to the bottom center of the support plate 13, providing a fixed support point and positioning reference for the support plate 13.

[0077] A movable support member 522 is disposed on the side of the central body 521 and movably engages with the bottom of the support plate 13, providing slidable support for the support plate 13. Optionally, the movable support member 522 is disposed on one or both sides of the central body 521. Optionally, the adjustable support assembly 52 further includes a pushing mechanism 525, which is disposed between the central body 521 and the movable support member 522, and is used to drive the movable support member 522 to move relative to the central body 521. The pushing mechanism 525 can push the movable support member 522 to one or both sides of the central body 521 according to the width or support range required by the support plate 13, so as to adjust the engagement position between the movable support member 522 and the support plate 13.

[0078] Optionally, the top of the movable support 522 is provided with a groove or roller, and the bottom of the bearing plate 13 is provided with a corresponding slide rail. The movable support 522 slides in conjunction with the slide rail via the groove or roller. When the top plate undergoes horizontal displacement, the bearing plate 13 can slide relative to the movable support 522. The movable support 522 does not restrict the horizontal displacement of the bearing plate 13, thus avoiding additional stress caused by rigid fixation and achieving the effect of pressure relief.

[0079] The fixed connection of the central support 523 ensures the positioning reference of the bearing plate 13 and prevents the bearing plate 13 from shifting as a whole. The movable cooperation of the movable support 522 allows the bearing plate 13 to slide relative to the movable support 522 when it undergoes a slight displacement in the horizontal direction. This avoids the additional stress caused by rigid fixation, achieves the effect of pressure relief and unloading, ensures the overall stability of the bearing plate 13, and provides the degree of freedom for unloading in the horizontal direction, effectively reducing the additional load on the support system caused by the horizontal displacement of the top plate.

[0080] In one specific implementation, the working process of this support system is as follows: like Figure 9 As shown, in the initial state, the first support 11 is fixed inside the roadway, and the second support 12 is close to and fitted together with the first support 11. The outer side of the second support 12 is tightly fitted to the coal wall of the small coal pillar 6. The main body of the connecting device 2 is retracted inside the second support 12, the elastic element 22 is in a compressed and energy-storing state and is locked by the limiting part, and the auxiliary plate 4 is pre-positioned on the top of the connecting body 21 between the first support 11 and the second support 12.

[0081] like Figure 10 As shown, as the mining of the small coal pillar 6 progresses, the width of the small coal pillar 6 gradually narrows, the pressure of the upper rock strata redistributes and increases, and the pressure on the first support 11 and the second support 12 increases. When the bearing pressure reaches a preset threshold, the limiting part is unlocked, the elastic element 22 releases potential energy, and pushes the second support 12 away from the first support 11 through the transmission block 23 until the outer side of the second support 12 re-fits with the coal wall of the narrowed small coal pillar 6.

[0082] like Figure 11 As shown, after the second support section 12 is removed, the auxiliary plate 4 pre-placed on top of the connecting body 21 naturally covers the newly exposed roof area between the first support section 11 and the second support section 12, providing immediate support to this area. Subsequently, the second support section 12 is anchored to the roadway roof using anchors 3, and vertical support is provided to the second support section 12 from the bottom using a support device, completing the establishment of the new support system.

[0083] Throughout the mining process, the monitoring element 16 remains in contact with the tunnel roof. When the roof subsides, the monitoring element 16 moves downward relative to the bearing element 14, and the telescopic plate 162 contracts into the bearing groove 140 under the pressure of the inclined surface of the side plate 142. The subsidence status of the roof can be determined by observing the amount of contraction of the telescopic plate 162.

[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A support system for small coal pillar mining in coal seams, characterized in that, include: The first support unit is used to set up inside the roadway; The second support is used to be installed between the first support and the small coal pillar, and the distance between the second support and the first support is adjustable; A connecting device is connected between the first support and the second support. The connecting device is used to drive the second support to move away from the first support when the width of the small coal pillar changes. Anchors are anchored to the roadway roof through the first support and / or the second support.

2. The support system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting device includes: Connect the main body to the first support part; An elastic element is provided on the connecting body; A transmission block is connected between the elastic element and the second support portion; When the elastic element releases potential energy, it pushes the second support portion to move relative to the first support portion through the transmission block.

3. The support system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting device further includes: A limiting part is disposed on the connecting body, and the elastic element is compressed and disposed between the connecting body and the limiting part; The support system also includes: An auxiliary plate is disposed between the first support section and the second support section; Wherein, when the bearing pressure of the first support and / or the second support is greater than or equal to a preset pressure value, the limiting part releases the elastic element to drive the second support to move, and the auxiliary plate is used to support the newly exposed top plate area after the second support is moved out.

4. The support system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first support and / or the second support include: Support plate; Multiple support members are spaced apart on the support plate, and each support member has a support groove facing the top of the roadway. A connector is disposed between adjacent load-bearing members, and the connector is connected to the anchor. A monitoring element is disposed at the opening of the bearing groove, the monitoring element is movably connected to the bearing element, and the monitoring element is used to contact the roof of the roadway.

5. The support system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The carrier includes: Base plate; Side plates are disposed on opposite sides of the base plate, and the bearing groove is provided between the base plate and the side plates. At least a portion of the monitoring element is located between the two side plates.

6. The support system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The monitoring device includes: Monitoring board; A telescopic plate is disposed on opposite sides of the monitoring plate, and the monitoring plate is movably connected to the carrier through the telescopic plate.

7. The support system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner wall of the side plate is inclined, and the outer surface of the telescopic plate is in contact with the inclined surface. It is configured such that when the monitoring member moves relative to the carrier member, the inclined surface squeezes the telescopic plate, causing the telescopic plate to retract into the bearing groove.

8. The support system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The anchor includes: Rod body; A buffer section is provided at the top end of the rod, and the buffer section can move axially relative to the rod. An anchoring section is located at the end of the buffer section away from the rod.

9. The support system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The support system also includes: A base, designed to be installed at the bottom of the tunnel and is movable; A column is mounted on the base, and the column can extend and retract relative to the base. An adjustable support component is disposed at the top of the column and cooperates with the first support part and / or the second support part.

10. The support system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The control support components include: Central body; A movable support member is provided on the side of the central body and is movablely engaged with the first support member and / or the second support member; A central support member is disposed above the central body and is fixedly connected to the first support and / or the second support.

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