Gas coal dust explosion pure mechanical passive dust fall oxygen supply emergency protection system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a gas and coal dust explosion pure mechanical passive dust reduction and oxygen supply emergency protection system and method, which comprises a plurality of pure mechanical passive dust reduction and oxygen supply emergency protection devices installed and fixed on special supports of a roadway roof by means of anchor rod hanging, wherein the pure mechanical passive dust reduction and oxygen supply emergency protection devices are arranged in a longitudinal sectional manner in a mining working face return airway and a transportation roadway, a mining area connecting roadway, and an area along a disaster avoiding route and a refuge chamber door area according to disaster risk grades and functional orientations of different roadways in a mine, so as to form a three-stage linkage protection system composed of a mining face terminal protection layer, a mining area regional protection layer and a disaster avoiding route life protection layer; the scheme combines lever mechanical transmission and pressure air and water supply linkage and cooperation atomization, proposes a pure mechanical passive dust reduction and oxygen supply emergency protection technology, realizes passive automatic triggering by relying on energy of an explosion shock wave, and realizes integrated emergency protection by linking with existing pressure air and water supply pipelines in the mine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground safety protection technology in coal mines, and in particular to a purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection system and method for gas and coal dust explosions. Background Technology

[0002] Gas and coal dust explosions are typical thermal disasters in coal mines, posing the greatest destructive and casualty risks. According to statistics on major gas and coal dust explosion accidents in China, an explosion instantly generates high-temperature flames of 2300–2500°C and a supersonic shock wave with a propagation speed of 2340 m / s, directly destroying underground ventilation equipment, air doors, air windows, and other ventilation components, instantly disrupting the entire roadway ventilation system. The shock wave stirs up deposited coal dust and toxic gases in the roadway, further expanding the scope of the disaster. After the ventilation system completely fails, airflow in the roadway stagnates, toxic gases cannot be expelled, and large amounts of lethal gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide produced by the explosion mix with high concentrations of coal dust, rapidly spreading in windless or poorly ventilated roadways. Simultaneously, the explosion consumes a large amount of oxygen, and with the interruption of airflow replenishment, the oxygen content in the roadway drops rapidly, creating a highly toxic, low-oxygen, and high-dust deadly environment—the core cause of subsequent casualties.

[0003] Current emergency protective equipment in mines, mainly including automatic explosion-proof water canopies, electrically controlled spray dust suppression devices, and compressed air self-rescue devices, all have insurmountable technical shortcomings and cannot play an effective protective role in gas and coal dust explosion disaster scenarios. Specifically, they have the following deficiencies: (1) It relies on external power and has insufficient inherent safety; the electrically controlled spray and ventilation devices need to rely on underground power supply lines to operate; the first wave of impact from a gas and coal dust explosion will instantly destroy the power supply lines, causing the device to lose power and fail. (2) Relying on manual operation, the conditions for triggering the disaster are not met; the compressed air self-rescue device and the manual spray valve need to be opened by personnel, but the overpressure impact generated by the explosion will cause the personnel in the well to faint instantly and lose the ability to move their limbs, making it impossible to complete the valve opening action within the golden time. (3) Mismatched triggering mechanism, missing the best protection window; the direct impact sensing unit used in the existing pure mechanical explosion-proof device needs to withstand a large impact pressure to operate, but the explosion shock wave attenuates rapidly during the propagation in the roadway, the device receives insufficient energy, and the triggering response time lags behind the flame propagation time. (4) The functions are not fully integrated and cannot prevent secondary disasters; traditional explosion-proof water canopies and dry powder explosion-proof devices can only isolate the explosion flames and lack the ability to reduce dust, dilute toxic gases and supply oxygen. (5) Weak resistance to false triggering and high daily operation and maintenance costs; some simple mechanical triggering devices are not equipped with load identification mechanisms, and small impacts caused by daily blasting operations, mine vibrations, and airflow disturbances in belt conveyors can lead to equipment malfunctions. In summary, the core characteristics of gas and coal dust explosion disasters are the absence of electricity, personnel, strong impact, and rapid disaster. This dictates that for protective equipment to remain effective under extreme conditions, it must completely eliminate reliance on power sources, electrical control systems, and manual operation. However, currently, there is a lack of a purely mechanical, passive emergency protection system and its corresponding deployment method that can operate completely independently of power sources, require no manual intervention, automatically activate at the moment of explosion, and simultaneously provide triple protection functions of dust suppression, toxic gas dilution, and oxygen supply. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection system and method for gas and coal dust explosions. It integrates lever mechanical transmission with compressed air and water supply for coordinated atomization, proposing a purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection technology. It relies on the energy of the explosion shock wave to achieve passive automatic triggering and coordinates with the existing compressed air and water supply pipelines underground to complete integrated emergency protection.

[0005] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution: Firstly, the gas and coal dust explosion-proof passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection system includes multiple sets of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices installed and fixed on special supports on the roadway roof using anchor bolts. These devices are arranged longitudinally along the roadway in sections according to the disaster risk level and functional positioning of different underground roadways, in the return airway and transport roadway of the mining face, the connecting roadway of the mining area, and along the disaster avoidance route and in front of the refuge chamber entrance, forming a three-level linkage protection system consisting of a terminal protection layer at the mining face, a regional protection layer in the mining area, and a life protection layer along the disaster avoidance route; wherein: The terminal protection layer of the mining face includes several sets of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices arranged in the return airway and transport roadway of the coal mining face, the tunneling face, and the transportation roadway. In the early stage of the disaster after the explosion, the shock wave pressure is directly attenuated and the coal dust near the working face is quickly settled. The mining area protection layer includes multiple sets of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices centrally arranged in the connecting roadways of the two wings of the mine, adjacent mining areas, and adjacent coal seams, which will block the toxic gases and dust generated by the explosion within a single mining area. The life protection layer of the disaster avoidance route includes several sets of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices installed along the underground disaster avoidance route and in front of the refuge chamber, providing local safety areas for evacuated and trapped personnel and maintaining the oxygen concentration in the roadway.

[0006] Specifically, a set of the aforementioned purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices is arranged at preset intervals in the terminal protection layer of the mining face, and works in coordination with the explosion-proof water canopy of the working face; multiple sets of the aforementioned purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices are centrally arranged in the protection layer of the mining area to form a continuous protective water curtain with a length of ≥30m.

[0007] Specifically, each group of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices includes an arc-shaped shock wave sensing unit with articulated linkage transmission, a two-stage lever torque amplification transmission mechanism, an integrated linkage valve core, and a compressed air and water supply linkage atomization oxygen supply protection assembly; wherein: The arc-shaped shock wave sensing unit is set on the shock wave force-bearing surface. It is made of high-strength alloy steel stamped into a disc shape. The working surface of the disc is designed to be an inner arc shape, so as to receive the explosion shock wave and convert the impact dynamic pressure into mechanical thrust in a straight line. The secondary lever torque amplification transmission mechanism includes a primary force-saving lever and a secondary displacement amplification link. The primary force-saving lever is hinged to the disc-shaped working surface of the arc-shaped shock wave sensing unit through an extended push rod, amplifying the weak impact thrust received by the disc-shaped force plate into a large torque mechanical force to overcome the resistance of the compressed air and water supply linkage valve. The integrated linkage valve core is connected to the secondary lever torque amplification transmission mechanism, and the lever transmission push rod is directly connected to the valve core valve rod. After being triggered, the air passage and water passage are opened synchronously under the action of driving force. The compressed air and water supply linkage atomization oxygen supply protection assembly connects to the underground compressed air pipeline and static water pipeline via a mining standard KJ10 quick plug. After the air and water pipelines are opened, a full-section closed water curtain is formed, which simultaneously completes dust suppression, toxic gas dilution and oxygen supply protection.

[0008] Specifically, in the secondary lever torque amplification transmission mechanism: The length of the first-level force-saving lever power arm is 3 times the length of the set resistance arm, which amplifies the initial impact thrust received by the disk-shaped working surface of the connected arc-shaped shock wave sensing unit by 3 times. The secondary displacement amplification linkage further amplifies the thrust output by the primary force-saving lever by 2 times, resulting in a total torque amplification factor of 6 times.

[0009] Specifically, the integrated linkage valve core is a one-piece dual-valve linkage design, adopts a mining Y-type sealing ring and integrates a manual emergency reset mechanism, is suitable for pipeline pressure of 0.2~0.8MPa, the valve opening degree is precisely matched with the lever stroke of the secondary lever torque amplification transmission mechanism, and the air-water flow ratio is precisely controlled by adjusting the valve core opening degree.

[0010] Specifically, the compressed air and water supply linkage atomizing oxygen supply protection assembly includes a mine high-pressure pipeline, a standard filter, a wide-angle fan-shaped atomizing nozzle, and an air supply distributor; wherein: The standard filter has a built-in 100-400 mesh detachable stainless steel filter screen, which performs dual filtration of air and water media after being connected to the pipeline. The wide-angle fan-shaped atomizing nozzle is arranged in multiple stages and the nozzle angle can be freely adjusted. The air supply pressure is pre-adjusted to more than 1.2 times the water supply pressure. The high-pressure airflow shears and breaks the water flow into fine droplets of 10~70μm inside the nozzle. Combined with the three-dimensional arrangement of multiple nozzles, it forms a complete full-section closed water curtain. The air supply distributor delivers fresh air from the underground compressed air pipeline to the center of the spray water curtain formed by the wide-angle fan-shaped atomizing nozzle. After cooling and purification, the air continuously diffuses along the entire cross-section of the tunnel, continuously replenishing fresh air to the disaster area.

[0011] Specifically, the number and installation angle of the wide-angle fan-shaped atomizing nozzles are adapted to different sizes of tunnel cross-sections, including: For tunnels with a cross-sectional area of ​​less than 10 square meters, install 4 to 6 wide-angle fan-shaped nozzles with a water curtain coverage length of ≥20 meters; For tunnels with a cross-sectional area of ​​10~12㎡, install 6~8 nozzles, with a water curtain coverage length of ≥30m; For tunnels with a cross-sectional area greater than 12㎡, a three-dimensional arrangement of nozzles with multiple sets of devices connected in parallel is adopted to achieve full cross-section coverage without blind spots.

[0012] On the other hand, the purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection method for gas and coal dust explosions includes the following steps: In the return airway and transport roadway of the coal mining face, tunneling face, one set of pure mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection device is set up every 50m, in coordination with the explosion-proof water canopy of the working face; after the explosion, the shock wave pressure is directly attenuated in the early stage of the disaster, and the coal dust near the working face is quickly settled. In the connecting roadways of the two wings of the mine, adjacent mining areas and adjacent coal seams, 3 to 5 sets of pure mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices are centrally arranged to form a continuous protective water curtain with a length of ≥30m, which will block the toxic gases and dust generated by the explosion within a single mining area. Along the underground disaster escape route and in front of the refuge chamber, install 2-3 sets of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices; use the water curtain formed by the purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices to purify the air, provide a local safe area for evacuated and trapped personnel, reduce the amount of toxic gas inhaled, maintain the oxygen concentration in the roadway, and extend the survival time of trapped personnel.

[0013] Specifically, the operation of the purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection device also includes: During the normal operating standby phase, the lever mechanism is adjusted to be completely zeroed, and the compressed air and water supply linkage valves are kept tightly closed; the disc-shaped working face of the arc-shaped shock wave sensing unit is perpendicular to the roadway axis and faces the direction of explosion source propagation; all pipelines are in a normal pressure standby state. After the explosion, the faster shock wave first reaches the protected section, impacting the arc-shaped shock wave sensing unit to generate an initial linear thrust; the first-level force-saving lever amplifies the torque according to the lever arm ratio, and then the second-level displacement amplification linkage amplifies the linear displacement. After double amplification, sufficient mechanical thrust is generated to precisely drive the compressed air and water supply linkage valve core to move, and simultaneously complete the rapid opening of the air and water circuits. After the air and water circuits are opened, compressed air flows into the wide-angle fan-shaped atomizing nozzle in the compressed air-water-linked atomizing oxygen supply and protection assembly at a high speed of 0.3~0.8MPa, shearing and breaking the static pressure water to produce fine droplets of 10~70μm; the droplets are driven by the high-pressure air and diffuse into the roadway with an effective range of ≥7m, forming a closed water curtain covering the entire roadway cross section within 120ms; After the shock wave from the explosion attenuates to a safe pressure, the device loses external thrust and enters a non-operating state. The corresponding compressed air and water supply valves are manually closed via the manual emergency reset mechanism to stop the protective action.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) Completely abandoning electronic control sensors and manual operation, the arc-shaped shock wave sensing unit is driven by the energy of the explosion shock wave itself. After being amplified by the torque of the two-stage lever, the device is triggered to act. No electricity or manual intervention is required. This fundamentally solves the core technical shortcomings of traditional electronic control equipment that completely fails under disaster power outage conditions and manual operation that cannot be completed under the condition of personnel disability. (2) The trigger response time is ≤15ms and the fog formation time is ≤120ms. The protective action is completed within the millisecond time window of the explosion shock wave and flame propagation. The dust and toxic gas dilution barrier is formed in advance before the flame reaches the protected section, effectively blocking the chain spread of secondary disasters. (3) Based on the disaster risk level and functional positioning of different underground roadways, the equipment is arranged in layers in the mining face, mining area connecting roadways and disaster avoidance routes, forming a three-level linkage protection system including the terminal protection of the mining face, the regional protection of the mining area and the life protection of the disaster avoidance route. This achieves full-chain coverage from the source of disaster to the transmission path and then to the personnel evacuation route, effectively controlling the scope of disaster impact and ensuring the survival conditions of personnel. (4) By simultaneously opening the air and water circuits through the integrated linkage valve core, the compressed air supply and water supply linkage atomization technology is used to form a full-section closed water curtain, and at the same time completes the triple protection action of efficient dust reduction (total dust reduction efficiency ≥85%), toxic gas adsorption and dilution, and continuous compressed air oxygen supply (maintaining oxygen content ≥18%), overcoming the defects of traditional devices with single function and inability to fully prevent and control secondary disasters. (5) By designing the lever arm ratio of the two-stage lever torque amplification mechanism, a reasonable trigger pressure threshold (≥0.02MPa) is set, which can effectively distinguish between explosive impact and daily mine vibration, blasting operations, airflow disturbance and other working conditions, and prevent false triggering; the device has no easily damaged electrical components, the maintenance-free period is ≥5 years, and it can be reused by manual reset after triggering, with no consumable costs; (6) The standard KJ10 quick plug for mining is adopted, which can be directly connected to the existing compressed air pipeline and static pressure water pipeline in the mine. It fully reuses the existing resources in the mine, without the need to lay pipelines again or additional power supply wiring. The installation time is only 1 / 5 of that of traditional electric control emergency devices, and the purchase and installation cost of a single device is only 30% of that of traditional electric control protection devices. It is ready to use immediately and has a low threshold for promotion. (7) The arc-shaped shock wave sensing unit is made of high-strength alloy steel and is carburized and quenched. The core load-bearing components such as levers, connecting rods, and rotating shafts are forged from alloy structural steel and subjected to stress relief heat treatment. All hinged parts are made of mining self-lubricating bearings, which are suitable for the harsh environment of dust, high humidity and water vapor in the mine. They will not rust or jam after long-term static placement, and will not be damaged, deformed or fail after being subjected to strong impact. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of a purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection device for the terminal protective layer of the mining face in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0018] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0019] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 The following describes some embodiments of the present invention in detail. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0020] This invention proposes a purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection system and method for gas and coal dust explosions. In a preferred embodiment, the system customizes and deploys multiple sets of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices according to the disaster risk level and functional positioning of different underground roadways, forming a three-level linkage protection system including a terminal protection layer at the mining face, a regional protection layer in the mining area, and a life protection layer along the escape route, thus blocking secondary disasters layer by layer and throughout the entire chain. Level 1 terminal protection (mining face terminal protection layer): such as Figure 2 As shown, every 50m away from the coal mining face, the return airway of the tunneling face, and the transport roadway, a set of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices are arranged to work in conjunction with the explosion-proof water canopy at the working face. After the explosion, the shock wave pressure is directly attenuated in the early stage of the disaster, and the coal dust near the working face is quickly settled to prevent the coal dust from participating in the chain explosion and control the scale of the disaster. Secondary area protection (mining area protection layer): In the connecting roadways of the two wings of the mine, adjacent mining areas, and adjacent coal seams, 3 to 5 sets of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices are centrally arranged to form a continuous protective water curtain with a length of ≥30m; to block the toxic gases and dust generated by the explosion within a single mining area, prevent the disaster from spreading to other mining areas or horizontally, and control the scope of the disaster's impact. Level 3 Life Protection (Life Protection Layer on Escape Route): Along the underground escape route and in front of the refuge chamber, install 2-3 sets of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices; utilize the purification effect of the water curtain to provide a local safe area for evacuated and trapped personnel, reduce the amount of toxic gas inhaled, maintain the oxygen concentration in the tunnel, extend the survival time of trapped personnel, and buy precious time for ground rescue.

[0021] In this embodiment, the purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection device proposed in this invention replaces electrical control technology with mature mechanical technology, replaces external energy with the energy generated by the explosion itself, and replaces additional investment with existing pipeline resources. It avoids the failure points of traditional technologies throughout the entire process, achieving automatic disaster triggering, effective protection throughout the entire process, and seamless adaptation to various scenarios. Specifically, the improvements of this device are mainly in the following aspects: Triggering end: Abandoning easily failed sensing components such as electronic pressure sensors and infrared flame detectors, a pure mechanical shock wave triggering unit is adopted to directly capture the energy of the explosion shock wave. The lever torque amplification mechanism is used to convert the weak impact energy into a mechanical thrust sufficient to drive the protective valve. Execution end: Abandoning the idea of ​​setting up a separate protective medium storage device, the existing compressed air and static water pipeline resources in the well are directly reused. The air and water valves are opened simultaneously through lever transmission. Compressed air is used as power and static water is used as medium to achieve gas-water synergistic atomization and continuous air and oxygen supply. Protective end: Relying on the compressed air and water supply linkage technology, one every 50 meters, a fine mist water curtain covering the entire cross section is quickly formed, with a triple effect to block secondary disasters: first, it efficiently settles the high concentration of coal dust in the roadway; second, it adsorbs and dissolves toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide; and third, it continuously delivers fresh air to replenish the oxygen content in the roadway, thus building a complete life protection barrier. Reliability aspect: By adjusting the crossbar length and bearing rotation combination, a precise connecting rod is set to achieve impact triggering; Adapter end: All interfaces and installation dimensions fully comply with the existing pipeline standards and explosion-proof facility installation specifications in coal mines. No modification to existing pipelines or additional power supply is required. It can be installed and used immediately after connecting to air and water, and the installation and maintenance costs are greatly reduced.

[0022] In one specific embodiment, the purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection device proposed in this solution is a purely mechanical cooperative structure without any electrical components. Through articulated linkage transmission, it features a simple structure, impact resistance, and moisture resistance, perfectly adapting to harsh underground working conditions. It includes the following components: (1) Arc-shaped shock wave sensing unit: As a shock wave receiving surface of a purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection device, it is made of high-strength alloy steel stamped into a disc shape. The disc working surface is designed as an inner arc shape. The disc working surface maximizes the effective area of ​​the shock wave, converting the instantaneous dynamic pressure of the explosion shock wave into a mechanical thrust in a straight line. The disc receiving plate is rigidly hinged to the first-level lever receiving arm through an extended push rod, ensuring that the impact thrust is accurately transmitted to the transmission mechanism.

[0023] In this embodiment, the induction plate is made of high-strength alloy steel, and the surface is carburized and quenched, with an impact toughness ≥300J / cm. 2 It can directly withstand a maximum shock wave overpressure of 1MPa.

[0024] (2) Secondary lever torque amplification transmission mechanism: It is the core transmission hub of the pure mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection device. It consists of a primary force-saving lever and a secondary displacement amplification linkage. By optimizing the lever arm ratio, the weak impact thrust received by the disc-shaped force plate is amplified into a large torque mechanical force sufficient to overcome the resistance of the compressed air and water supply linkage valve. The lever shaft adopts a mining self-lubricating bearing, which will not cause jamming or corrosion problems when working in a dusty and high-humidity environment for a long time.

[0025] This device is the core of achieving passive triggering and avoiding false triggering. It integrates the mature structural advantages of rockburst protection devices and completes targeted optimization design from three dimensions: principle, parameters, and environmental adaptation. It completely solves the industry pain points of traditional devices being difficult to trigger and prone to false triggering under low-intensity impact.

[0026] In this embodiment, a two-stage mechanical transmission structure is adopted, consisting of a primary force-saving lever superimposed with a secondary displacement-amplifying connecting rod. Based on Archimedes' lever torque balance principle and considering the actual working condition of rapid attenuation of the explosion shock wave within the tunnel, the lever arm ratio is accurately calculated. First-level labor-saving lever: The length of the power arm is set to 3 times that of the resistance arm, which amplifies the initial impact thrust received by the induction plate by 3 times; Secondary displacement amplification linkage: It further amplifies the thrust output by the primary lever by 2 times, and the total torque amplification factor reaches 6 times.

[0027] Through two-stage amplification, even if the shock wave attenuates to a lower pressure in the tunnel, the tiny thrust received by the induction plate can be converted into sufficient mechanical driving force, perfectly overcoming the opening resistance of the compressed air and water supply linkage valve core, achieving low threshold and high torque output, and ensuring that the device can be reliably triggered under different intensity explosion conditions.

[0028] (3) Integrated linkage valve core: This is the core actuator that enables the simultaneous opening of wind and water in the pure mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection device. It is directly driven by the above-mentioned two-stage lever torque amplification transmission mechanism, which has a simple structure and fast response speed.

[0029] In this embodiment, the valve core adopts an integrated dual-valve linkage design. The lever-driven push rod is directly connected to the valve core stem, and upon triggering, it instantly and synchronously opens the air and water paths, ensuring precise synchronization of air-water mixing. The valve core uses a mining-grade Y-type sealing ring, which is suitable for pipeline pressures of 0.2~0.8MPa and leak-free under explosive impact. The valve opening degree is precisely matched with the lever stroke. By adjusting the valve core opening degree, the air-water flow ratio is precisely controlled to ensure atomization effect under different pressure conditions. An integrated manual emergency reset mechanism is provided. After an explosive impact, simply pressing the external green reset button will pull the valve core back to its original position, simultaneously closing the air and water paths. No additional tools are required, and the reset operation is simple and quick.

[0030] (4) Compressed air and water supply linkage atomization oxygen supply protection assembly: The corresponding compressed air and water supply valves open to form a purified water curtain full-section atomization oxygen supply protection assembly. It consists of mining high-pressure pipeline, standard filter, wide-angle fan-shaped atomizing nozzle, and air supply distributor; the filter has a built-in 100~400 mesh stainless steel filter screen to automatically filter mud and sand impurities in the pipeline and prevent nozzle clogging. The nozzle angle can be freely adjusted, and a full-section closed water curtain is formed through multi-stage arrangement. The air and water circuits work together to output, taking into account the triple effects of dust reduction, toxic absorption, and oxygen supply, without any harmful consequences.

[0031] In this embodiment, the compressed air and water supply linkage atomization oxygen supply protection assembly adopts the mature atomization technology of a fully mechanical compressed air and water supply linkage spray device. The parameters have been verified by a large number of downhole tests, and the dust suppression efficiency is excellent. It adopts a wide-angle fan-shaped nozzle with air-water mixing and is designed strictly according to the optimal working condition parameter ratio: the air supply pressure is pre-adjusted to more than 1.2 times the water supply pressure, and the high-pressure airflow shears and breaks the water flow into fine droplets of 10~70μm inside the nozzle; The droplets have a large specific surface area, which significantly increases the probability of collision with dust particles, and the ability to capture respirable dust far exceeds that of ordinary water spray. Actual test data shows that the dust reduction efficiency for all dust in the roadway is ≥85%, and it can settle the high concentration of coal dust raised by the explosion in a very short time. The nozzle diffusion angle can be flexibly adjusted within the range of 30° to 175°. Combined with multiple sets of nozzles arranged in a three-dimensional manner, it forms a complete full-section closed water curtain, effectively covering all conventional roadway sections with a width of 1.5 to 4.2m, with no blind spots.

[0032] This compressed air and water supply combined with atomized oxygen supply protection assembly abandons the traditional approach of setting up separate air storage cylinders for oxygen supply devices. Instead, it delivers fresh air from the underground compressed air pipeline to the center of the spray water curtain via an air distributor. After being cooled and purified by the mist droplets, the air continuously diffuses along the entire cross-section of the tunnel, continuously replenishing fresh air to the affected area. Figure 1 As shown, a set of devices is installed every 50 meters in all intake and return airways of the entire mine. After a gas and coal dust explosion, the shock wave causes the trigger device to rotate along the impact glass, which in turn rotates the vertical rod, connecting to the compressed air and water supply valves to quickly reduce dust and supply oxygen to the areas affected by the shock wave. This design logic perfectly meets the survival needs of personnel in a disaster scenario. Toxic gas dilution: Toxic gases such as CO and H2S produced by the explosion are intercepted by the full-section water curtain during the diffusion process, and come into full contact with the fine mist droplets, dissolving and reacting to be degraded; combined with the continuous air supply power of compressed air, the polluted gases are quickly discharged along the roadway, reducing the concentration of toxic gases; Continuous oxygen supply: Fresh air from the underground compressed air pipeline is delivered to the center of the spray water curtain through the air distributor. After being cooled and purified by the mist droplets, it is continuously diffused along the entire cross-section of the tunnel, continuously replenishing fresh air to the disaster area. It is adapted to the oxygen concentration required for the survival of underground personnel, and within the 30-minute golden rescue window, it continuously maintains the oxygen content in the tunnel at more than 18%, extending the survival time of trapped personnel.

[0033] In summary, the purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection device proposed in this invention features a specially reinforced structure designed for extreme conditions such as explosive impacts, ensuring that it will not be damaged, deformed, or fail after withstanding strong impacts. The induction plate is made of high-strength alloy steel with a carburizing and quenching surface treatment, and has an impact toughness of ≥300J / cm.2 It can directly withstand a maximum shock wave overpressure of 1MPa; The core load-bearing components such as levers, connecting rods, and pivots are forged from alloy structural steel and undergo stress-relieving heat treatment. They do not produce plastic deformation after being subjected to three times the rated torque and do not wear after repeated triggering. All hinged parts use mining self-lubricating bearings, which are suitable for the harsh environment of underground dust, high humidity and water vapor. They will not rust or jam after long-term static placement, and ensure that the triggering action is delayed.

[0034] The entire set of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices fully follows the mechanical closed-loop logic of induction, amplification, linkage, protection, and reset. Each stage of the operation precisely matches the propagation time difference between the explosion shock wave and the flame, resulting in a fast response speed with no delay. The entire workflow is completed automatically without any external intervention. The specific operation of the purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection device includes: Normal operating standby phase: After debugging, the lever mechanism is completely zeroed, the compressed air and water supply linkage valves are kept tightly closed; the induction plate is perpendicular to the tunnel axis and faces the direction of the explosion source propagation; all pipelines are in normal pressure standby state, with no leakage and no energy consumption, which does not affect normal underground mining operations and can remain stationary for a long time without failure.

[0035] Disaster-triggered transmission stage: After the gas and coal dust explosion, the faster shock wave first reaches the protected area and impacts the arc-shaped induction plate to generate an initial linear thrust; the first-level force-saving lever amplifies the torque according to the lever arm ratio, and then amplifies the linear displacement through the second-level linkage structure. After double amplification, sufficient mechanical thrust is generated to precisely drive the compressed air and water supply linkage valve core to move, and simultaneously complete the rapid opening of the air and water circuits. The entire response time is ≤15ms.

[0036] Compressed air and water supply linkage protection stage: After the air and water circuits are opened, compressed air flows into the nozzle at a high speed with a pressure of 0.3~0.8MPa, shearing and breaking the static water to produce fine droplets of 10~70μm; the droplets are driven by the high-pressure air and diffuse into the roadway with an effective range of ≥7m, forming a closed water curtain covering the entire roadway cross section within 120ms; under the condition of continuous water and air supply, the triple protection operations of dust suppression, toxic gas dilution and oxygen supply are completed simultaneously.

[0037] Automatic reset and reuse stage: After the explosion shock wave decays to a safe pressure, the device loses external thrust and the equipment is in a non-operating state. Manual reset is required to close the corresponding compressed air and water supply valves and stop the protective action. No consumables need to be replaced afterward. Only manual reset is required to restore the standby state. It can be triggered and used repeatedly.

[0038] This device fully complies with the installation specifications of GB43066-2023 "Safety Technical Requirements for Passive Explosion-proof Facilities in Coal Mines". It can be directly adapted to different risk levels and cross-sectional sizes in underground roadways, deploying protective barriers in a layered manner to achieve full coverage of risk control in the initial stage of an explosion, attenuation and isolation during propagation, and life support in the disaster area. It completely reuses existing underground compressed air and static water pipelines, requiring no new pipeline laying or interface modification. On-site connection is extremely simple, with no additional modification investment, enabling low-cost and rapid deployment. Strictly adhering to the industry standard requirements for explosion-proof facility installation locations, and combining the propagation laws of gas and coal dust explosion shock waves and flames, the installation parameters are precisely set to ensure a perfect match between protective effect and activation timing. (1) Installation location: Auxiliary explosion-proof facilities are arranged in roadways that are necessary for the propagation of explosion sources such as mining faces, coal bunkers, and loading points; the main explosion-proof facilities are arranged in the connecting roadways of the two wings of the mine, adjacent mining areas, and adjacent coal seams, and work in coordination with the existing explosion-proof water canopy to further attenuate the explosion energy.

[0039] (2) Arrangement method: The equipment is arranged in sections along the longitudinal direction of the roadway. The installation spacing between adjacent equipment is adjusted according to the cross-sectional dimensions of the roadway to ensure that the coverage length of adjacent water curtains overlaps after the equipment is turned on, so as to achieve continuous protection of the entire roadway. The equipment is installed by anchor bolt suspension and fixed on a special bracket on the roof of the roadway. The installation is firm and will not displace or fall off after being subjected to the thrust of the blast shock wave.

[0040] (3) Adapting to tunnel cross-sections: Adjust the number of nozzles and installation angle for tunnel cross-sections of different sizes to ensure that the water curtain covers all areas without blind spots. For tunnels with a cross-section of less than 10 square meters: install 4 to 6 wide-angle fan-shaped nozzles, with a water curtain coverage length of ≥20m; For tunnels with a cross-section of 10~12㎡: install 6~8 nozzles, with a water curtain coverage length of ≥30m; For tunnels with a cross-section greater than 12 square meters: multiple sets of devices are arranged in parallel, and the nozzles are arranged in a three-dimensional manner to ensure that there are no blind spots in the entire cross-section.

[0041] Compared with existing protection technologies in the industry, this solution has significant advantages in five dimensions: reliability, functional integration, scenario adaptability, operation and maintenance cost, and protection efficiency. It specifically addresses all the shortcomings of existing technologies in the industry, as shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 In this embodiment, the system and device fully reuse the existing compressed air and static water pipelines in the well, without the need to lay new pipelines or modify interfaces. The on-site connection difficulty is extremely low, with no additional modification investment, achieving low-cost and rapid deployment. (1) Interface standard adaptation: The air and water interfaces of the device adopt the mining standard KJ10 quick plug, which is completely compatible with the interfaces of the existing compressed air self-rescue device and static pressure water pipeline in the mine. It can be directly connected and installed on site without the need for additional customized joints, welding flanges, or pipeline modification. (2) Pressure condition adaptation: The device has a preset pipeline pressure adaptation range, which fully covers the normal pressure fluctuation of the existing compressed air and water supply pipeline in the well; on site, only a pressure reducing valve needs to be installed at the pipeline connection end to adjust the pressure to the optimal operating range (air pressure > water pressure by more than 1.2 times) to complete the commissioning. (3) Pipeline filtration adaptation: The device has a built-in 100~400 mesh detachable stainless steel filter. After being connected to the pipeline, it performs double filtration of air and water media, intercepts mud, sand and rust impurities in the pipeline, prevents nozzle blockage, and adapts to the actual working conditions of well water quality and air pressure.

[0042] The measured and theoretically calculated technical parameters of this device all meet the requirements of industry standards. Specific parameters and verification criteria are shown in Table 2 below. Table 2 In summary, this technology effectively blocks the chain reaction of secondary disasters at the root of the disaster's propagation, solves the failure problem of traditional protective devices, and significantly protects the survival of underground personnel: it triggers within 15ms after the explosion and forms a full-section water curtain within 120ms, completing dust suppression and toxic gas dilution before the flames reach the protected section, quickly reducing the concentration of coal dust and toxic gases in the roadway to below the safe threshold; continuous compressed air supply maintains the oxygen content in the roadway above 18%, avoiding poisoning and suffocation caused by inhaling high concentrations of dust and toxic gases, and significantly increasing the survival probability of personnel after the explosion (82%); it complements existing explosion-proof water canopies and dry powder explosion-proof devices, constructing a complete multi-layered protective barrier of explosion-proof, dust suppression, dilution, and oxygen supply, completely filling the gap in end-of-line protection.

[0043] Furthermore, this system boasts low total lifecycle costs and an extremely high return on investment for risk mitigation, significantly reducing mine accident losses and demonstrating economic performance far exceeding that of traditional electrical control protection devices. Low installation cost: No power supply, no wiring, no modification to existing pipelines required; it connects directly to existing compressed air and static water pipelines underground; installation time is only 1 / 5 of that of electrical control emergency devices; the purchase and installation cost of a single unit is only 30% of that of traditional electrical control protection devices. Low maintenance cost: There are no easily damaged electrical components, and all core components are made of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant materials, with a maintenance-free period of ≥5 years; routine maintenance only requires cleaning the filter and checking the atomization status of the nozzles every six months, resulting in extremely low maintenance workload and almost no subsequent maintenance costs. High risk mitigation returns: According to statistics, the direct economic losses from major gas and coal dust explosions in coal mines can reach 50-100 million yuan, and the indirect losses from production stoppages can reach hundreds of millions of yuan. This device can effectively control the severity of accidents and reduce huge losses such as compensation for casualties, repair of tunnels and equipment, administrative penalties, and production stoppages for rectification. The project's input-output ratio can reach more than 1:100, and the static payback period is less than 0.5 years.

[0044] This solution is the first to integrate three mature technologies—passive shock wave sensing, secondary lever torque amplification, and compressed air-water-coordinated dust suppression and oxygen supply—into a unified emergency protection solution. It fills the technological gap in China's domestic coal mine gas and coal dust explosion extreme conditions with purely mechanical, passive, multi-dimensional emergency protection. It completely breaks through the technical bottleneck of traditional electrical control equipment relying on external power and manual operation, utilizing the mature principle of lever transmission to achieve power-free, unmanned, and fully automated disaster protection actions. It fully reuses existing underground standard pipelines and complies with existing explosion-proof facility installation specifications, making it highly adaptable and easy to promote. It can be rapidly applied in all high-gas mines and mines mining coal seams with coal dust explosion hazards nationwide, comprehensively improving the inherent safety level of mines. It solves the common technical pain point of "failure of protective equipment under disaster conditions" that has long existed in the national coal mining industry; it completely reuses existing underground compressed air and static water pipelines, requiring no additional modification or investment, and the cost of promotion and application is extremely low; all core technologies have been specifically optimized for coal mine conditions, and the technical reliability and adaptability to working conditions far exceed similar innovative achievements, fully meeting the long-term use needs of front-line mines; the design, installation, and operation and maintenance logic of the device is simple, making it easy for front-line employees to understand and master, and the results can be used to carry out technical skills training for employees, improving the professional and technical level of industrial workers.

[0045] For the foregoing embodiments, in order to simplify the description, they are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, because according to this application, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0046] The above embodiments describe the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection system for gas and coal dust explosions, characterized in that: This includes multiple sets of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices, which are installed and fixed to the roof of the roadway using anchor bolts. These devices are arranged longitudinally along the roadway in sections according to the disaster risk level and functional positioning of different underground roadways. They are located in the return airway and transport roadway of the mining face, the connecting roadway of the mining area, and along the disaster avoidance route and in front of the refuge chamber entrance, forming a three-level linkage protection system consisting of a terminal protection layer at the mining face, a regional protection layer in the mining area, and a life protection layer along the disaster avoidance route. The terminal protection layer of the mining face includes several sets of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices arranged in the return airway and transport roadway of the coal mining face, the tunneling face, and the transportation roadway. In the early stage of the disaster after the explosion, the shock wave pressure is directly attenuated and the coal dust near the working face is quickly settled. The mining area protection layer includes multiple sets of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices centrally arranged in the connecting roadways of the two wings of the mine, adjacent mining areas, and adjacent coal seams, which will block the toxic gases and dust generated by the explosion within a single mining area. The life protection layer of the disaster avoidance route includes several sets of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices installed along the underground disaster avoidance route and in front of the refuge chamber, providing local safety areas for evacuated and trapped personnel and maintaining the oxygen concentration in the roadway.

2. The gas and coal dust explosion pure mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the terminal protection layer of the mining face, a set of the aforementioned purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices are arranged at preset intervals, and cooperate with the explosion-proof water canopy of the working face; multiple sets of the aforementioned purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices are centrally arranged in the protection layer of the mining area to form a continuous protective water curtain with a length of ≥30m.

3. The gas and coal dust explosion pure mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each group of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices includes an articulated linkage transmission arc-shaped shock wave sensing unit, a two-stage lever torque amplification transmission mechanism, an integrated linkage valve core, and a compressed air and water supply linkage atomization oxygen supply protection assembly; wherein: The arc-shaped shock wave sensing unit is set on the shock wave force surface. It is made of high-strength alloy steel stamped into a disc shape. The working surface of the disc is designed to be an inner arc shape to receive the explosion shock wave and convert the impact dynamic pressure into mechanical thrust in a straight line. The secondary lever torque amplification transmission mechanism includes a primary force-saving lever and a secondary displacement amplification link. The primary force-saving lever is hinged to the disc-shaped working surface of the arc-shaped shock wave sensing unit through an extended push rod, amplifying the weak impact thrust received by the disc-shaped force plate into a large torque mechanical force to overcome the resistance of the compressed air and water supply linkage valve. The integrated linkage valve core is connected to the secondary lever torque amplification transmission mechanism, and the lever transmission push rod is directly connected to the valve core valve stem. After being triggered, the air passage and water passage are opened synchronously under the action of driving force. The compressed air and water supply linkage atomization oxygen supply protection assembly is connected to the underground compressed air pipeline and static water pipeline via a mining standard KJ10 quick plug. After the air and water pipelines are opened, a full-section closed water curtain is formed, which simultaneously completes dust suppression, toxic gas dilution and oxygen supply protection.

4. The gas and coal dust explosion pure mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In the secondary lever torque amplification transmission mechanism: The length of the first-level force-saving lever power arm is 3 times the length of the set resistance arm, which amplifies the initial impact thrust received by the disk-shaped working surface of the connected arc-shaped shock wave sensing unit by 3 times. The secondary displacement amplification linkage further amplifies the thrust output by the primary force-saving lever by 2 times, resulting in a total torque amplification factor of 6 times.

5. The gas and coal dust explosion pure mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The integrated linkage valve core is a one-piece dual-valve linkage design, adopts a mining Y-type sealing ring and integrates a manual emergency reset mechanism, and is suitable for pipeline pressure of 0.2~0.8MPa. The valve opening degree is precisely matched with the lever stroke of the secondary lever torque amplification transmission mechanism, and the air-water flow ratio is precisely controlled by adjusting the valve core opening degree.

6. The gas and coal dust explosion pure mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The compressed air and water supply linkage atomizing oxygen supply protection assembly includes a mine high-pressure pipeline, a standard filter, a wide-angle fan-shaped atomizing nozzle, and an air supply distributor; wherein: The standard filter has a built-in 100-400 mesh detachable stainless steel filter screen, which performs dual filtration of air and water media after being connected to the pipeline. The wide-angle fan-shaped atomizing nozzle is arranged in multiple stages and the nozzle angle can be freely adjusted. The air supply pressure is pre-adjusted to more than 1.2 times the water supply pressure. The high-pressure airflow shears and breaks the water flow into fine droplets of 10~70μm inside the nozzle. Combined with the three-dimensional arrangement of multiple nozzles, a complete full-section closed water curtain is formed. The air supply distributor delivers fresh air from the underground compressed air pipeline to the center of the spray water curtain formed by the wide-angle fan-shaped atomizing nozzle. After cooling and purification, the air continuously diffuses along the entire cross-section of the tunnel, continuously replenishing fresh air to the disaster area.

7. The gas and coal dust explosion pure mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The number and installation angle of the wide-angle fan-shaped atomizing nozzles are adapted to different sizes of tunnel cross-sections, including: For tunnels with a cross-sectional area of ​​less than 10 square meters, install 4 to 6 wide-angle fan-shaped nozzles with a water curtain coverage length of ≥20 meters; For tunnels with a cross-sectional area of ​​10~12㎡, install 6~8 nozzles, with a water curtain coverage length of ≥30m; For tunnels with a cross-sectional area greater than 12㎡, a three-dimensional arrangement of nozzles with multiple sets of devices connected in parallel is adopted to achieve full cross-section coverage without blind spots.

8. A purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection method for gas and coal dust explosions, implemented based on the purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection system for gas and coal dust explosions as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: In the return airway and transport roadway of the coal mining face, tunneling face, one set of pure mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection device is set up every 50m, in coordination with the explosion-proof water canopy of the working face; after the explosion, the shock wave pressure is directly attenuated in the early stage of the disaster, and the coal dust near the working face is quickly settled. In the connecting roadways of the two wings of the mine, adjacent mining areas and adjacent coal seams, 3 to 5 sets of pure mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices are centrally arranged to form a continuous protective water curtain with a length of ≥30m, which will block the toxic gases and dust generated by the explosion within a single mining area. Along the underground disaster escape route and in front of the refuge chamber, install 2-3 sets of purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices; use the water curtain formed by the purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection devices to purify the air, provide a local safe area for evacuated and trapped personnel, reduce the amount of toxic gas inhaled, maintain the oxygen concentration in the roadway, and prolong the survival time of trapped personnel.

9. The emergency protection method for gas and coal dust explosion using purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The operation of the purely mechanical passive dust suppression and oxygen supply emergency protection device also includes: During the normal operating standby phase, the lever mechanism is adjusted to be completely zeroed, and the compressed air and water supply linkage valves are kept tightly closed; the disc-shaped working face of the arc-shaped shock wave sensing unit is perpendicular to the roadway axis and faces the direction of explosion source propagation; all pipelines are in a normal pressure standby state. After the explosion, the faster shock wave first reaches the protected section, impacting the arc-shaped shock wave sensing unit to generate an initial linear thrust; the first-level force-saving lever amplifies the torque according to the lever arm ratio, and then the second-level displacement amplification linkage amplifies the linear displacement. After double amplification, sufficient mechanical thrust is generated to precisely drive the compressed air and water supply linkage valve core to move, and simultaneously complete the rapid opening of the air and water circuits. After the air and water circuits are opened, compressed air flows into the wide-angle fan-shaped atomizing nozzle in the compressed air-water-linked atomizing oxygen supply and protection assembly at a high speed of 0.3~0.8MPa, shearing and breaking the static pressure water to produce fine droplets of 10~70μm; the droplets are driven by the high-pressure air and diffuse into the roadway with an effective range of ≥7m, forming a closed water curtain covering the entire roadway cross section within 120ms; After the shock wave from the explosion attenuates to a safe pressure, the device loses external thrust and enters a non-operating state. The corresponding compressed air and water supply valves are manually closed via the manual emergency reset mechanism to stop the protective action.

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