Large tank type compressed air energy storage vertical underground cavern arrangement system and method

Abstract

The application provides a large tank type compressed air energy storage vertical underground cavern group arrangement system, which comprises a plurality of gas storage caverns, an upper traffic system and a lower traffic system, the plurality of gas storage caverns are located underground; the upper traffic system comprises an upper inclined ramp and a plurality of upper traffic branch caverns, the upper traffic branch caverns correspond to the gas storage caverns one by one, one end of each upper traffic branch cavern is communicated with a gas storage cavern, and the other end is connected to the same place, the lower end of the upper inclined ramp is communicated with the intersection, and the upper end of the upper inclined ramp extends to the ground to form an upper cavern mouth; the lower traffic system comprises a lower inclined ramp and a plurality of lower traffic branch caverns, the lower traffic branch caverns correspond to the gas storage caverns one by one, one end of each lower traffic branch cavern is communicated with a gas storage cavern, and the other end is connected to the same place, the lower end of the lower inclined ramp is communicated with the intersection, and the upper end of the lower inclined ramp extends to the ground to form a lower cavern mouth. The cavern group arrangement system provided by the application arranges the plurality of gas storage caverns around the intersection of the upper traffic branch caverns and the intersection of the lower traffic branch caverns, so that the traffic, ventilation, drainage and slag discharge paths of the plurality of gas storage caverns are clear.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground gas storage engineering technology, specifically to a large-tank compressed air energy storage vertical underground cavern arrangement system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Compressed air energy storage is a novel energy storage technology suitable for large-scale, long-term energy storage. Underground gas storage space is an important component of compressed air energy storage systems, and its layout, traffic organization, ventilation and drainage conditions, and sealing measures directly affect the efficiency of engineering construction, operational safety, and long-term reliability.

[0003] In areas lacking salt caverns, natural caverns, or usable mine shafts, artificial excavation of underground gas storage caverns is typically required. Vertical underground gas storage caverns offer advantages such as concentrated gas storage volume, smaller footprint per unit area, and ease of utilizing surrounding rock pressure. However, their construction and operation present significant challenges: the caverns are tall, making it difficult for a single entrance or single-level access tunnel to simultaneously meet the needs of upper-level construction, deep-level muck removal, ventilation, drainage, and subsequent maintenance; a lack of systematic traffic organization between multiple gas storage caverns can easily lead to overlapping muck removal routes, ventilation short-circuiting, drainage difficulties, and insufficient maintenance access; arbitrarily connecting branch tunnels to the dome or lowest point can weaken the cavern's structural integrity and sealing; and a lack of coordination between exhaust shafts and the branch tunnel system, as well as internal construction access within the caverns, makes it difficult to unify ventilation during construction and exhaust maintenance during operation.

[0004] Existing underground cavern or gas storage layouts often focus on the structure, lining, sealing, or ordinary access tunnels of individual caverns. They lack a systematic design for multiple vertical gas storage caverns arranged around a central node, including hierarchical access, centralized ventilation, phased slag removal, and the coordinated use of temporary vertical passages during construction. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a layout system and method for vertical underground cavern groups of large-tank compressed air energy storage, ensuring clear access, ventilation, slag removal, drainage, and sealing logic for multiple gas storage caverns during both construction and operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and propose a large-tank compressed air energy storage vertical underground cavern group arrangement system and method to solve the technical problem of the lack of multi-cave energy storage systems in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a vertical underground cavern arrangement system for large-tank compressed air energy storage, comprising: multiple air storage caverns, an upper-level transportation system, and a lower-level transportation system. Multiple gas storage chambers are located underground; The upper-level transportation system includes an upper-level ramp and multiple upper-level traffic branch tunnels. Each upper-level traffic branch tunnel corresponds to a gas storage chamber, with one end connected to the gas storage chamber and the other end connected to the same location. The lower end of the upper-level ramp connects to the intersection of the upper-level traffic branch tunnels, and the upper end of the upper-level ramp extends to the ground to form an upper tunnel entrance. The lower-level transportation system is located below the upper-level transportation system and includes a lower-level ramp and multiple lower-level traffic branch tunnels. Each lower-level traffic branch tunnel corresponds to a gas storage chamber, with one end connected to the gas storage chamber and the other end connected to the same location. The lower end of the lower-level ramp connects to the intersection of the lower-level traffic branch tunnels, and the upper end of the lower-level ramp extends to the ground to form a lower tunnel entrance.

[0007] In some embodiments, the gas storage chamber is arranged around the junction of the upper traffic branch and the junction of the lower traffic branch.

[0008] In some embodiments, the gas storage chamber includes a top arc-shaped section, a straight cylindrical section, and a bottom arc-shaped section. The top and bottom arc-shaped sections are hemispherical, and the upper and lower ends of the straight cylindrical section are respectively connected to the top and bottom arc-shaped sections.

[0009] In some embodiments, the upper traffic branch connects to the junction of the top arc-shaped section and the straight section or to the upper part of the straight section; the lower traffic branch connects to the junction of the bottom arc-shaped section and the straight section or to the lower part of the straight section.

[0010] In some embodiments, a sealing device is also included, which is disposed in the upper and lower traffic branch tunnels to ensure the airtightness of the gas storage chamber.

[0011] In some embodiments, the system further includes an exhaust shaft, the lower end of which is connected to the junction of the upper traffic branch tunnel, and the upper end of which is connected to the ground.

[0012] In some embodiments, the longitudinal slope of the upper ramp and the lower ramp is no more than 10%, and the longitudinal slope of the upper traffic branch tunnel and the lower traffic branch tunnel is 1% to 5%.

[0013] In some embodiments, the top of the gas storage cavern is buried at a depth greater than or equal to 100 meters.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for arranging a vertical underground cavern group of large-tank compressed air energy storage, for arranging the aforementioned vertical underground cavern group system of large-tank compressed air energy storage, specifically including the following steps: S1. Determine the number of gas storage chambers based on the compressed air energy storage scale, operating pressure, gas storage volume, and geological conditions; S2. Determine the intersection of the upper traffic branch tunnel and the lower traffic branch tunnel based on the number of gas storage chambers; S3. Arrange the upper-level transportation system and the lower-level transportation system; S4. An exhaust shaft is installed at the intersection of the upper traffic branch tunnels, and the exhaust shaft is connected to the ground. S5. Excavate and construct the gas storage chamber; S6. Install sealing devices on the upper and lower traffic branch tunnels, and perform leak detection and compensation grouting.

[0015] In some embodiments, the excavation and construction of the gas storage cavern includes the following steps: S51. Excavate the top arc-shaped section of the gas storage chamber, and transport the excavated soil out through the upper traffic branch tunnel; S52. Excavate a temporary vertical passage in the straight section of the gas storage cavern, the temporary vertical passage connecting the top arc-shaped section and the lower traffic branch tunnel; S53. Excavate the straight section from top to bottom. When excavating the upper section of the straight section, the excavated soil is transported out through the upper access tunnel. When excavating the middle section of the straight section, part of the excavated soil is transported out through the upper access tunnel, and another part of the excavated soil is lowered into the lower access tunnel through the temporary vertical passage and then transported out through the lower access tunnel. When excavating the lower section of the straight section, the excavated soil is lowered into the lower access tunnel through the temporary vertical passage and then transported out through the lower access tunnel. S54. Excavate the bottom arc-shaped section of the gas storage chamber, and transport the excavated soil out through the lower traffic branch tunnel.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The large-tank compressed air energy storage vertical underground cavern arrangement system provided by the present invention arranges multiple gas storage caverns around the intersection of the upper and lower traffic branches, making the traffic, ventilation, drainage and slag discharge paths of multiple gas storage caverns clear. The upper and lower traffic systems are connected by independent ramps, which separates the layout of upper construction, return air, gas pipelines and sealing devices from the lower slag discharge, air intake, drainage and material transportation functions, reducing interference between construction and operation functions. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of the vertical underground cavern group arrangement system for large-tank compressed air energy storage provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view structural schematic diagram of the vertical underground cavern group arrangement system for large tank-type compressed air energy storage provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the central gas storage chamber 1; Figure 4 This is a ventilation flow diagram during construction; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the arrangement method of a large-tank compressed air energy storage vertical underground cavern group provided in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Detailed flowchart of step S5; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the construction structure of the gas storage cavern. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0019] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 and Figure 2 These are, respectively, a lateral structural diagram and a top structural diagram of the vertical underground cavern arrangement system for large-tank compressed air energy storage provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] The vertical underground cavern system for large-tank compressed air energy storage includes multiple air storage caverns 1, an upper-level transportation system 2, and a lower-level transportation system 3.

[0021] Multiple gas storage chambers are located underground.

[0022] The upper-level transportation system 2 includes an upper-level ramp 21 and multiple upper-level traffic branch tunnels 22. Each upper-level traffic branch tunnel 22 corresponds to a gas storage chamber 1, with one end connected to the gas storage chamber 1 and the other end connected to the same location. The lower end of the upper-level ramp 21 connects to the intersection of the upper-level traffic branch tunnels 22, and the upper end of the upper-level ramp 21 extends to the ground to form an upper tunnel entrance.

[0023] The lower-level transportation system 3 is located below the upper-level transportation system 2 and has a similar structure, including a lower-level ramp 31 and multiple lower traffic branch tunnels 32. Each lower traffic branch tunnel 32 corresponds to a gas storage chamber 1, with one end connected to the gas storage chamber 1 and the other end connected to the same point. The lower end of the lower-level ramp 31 connects to the intersection of the lower traffic branch tunnels 32, and the upper end of the lower-level ramp 31 extends to the ground to form a lower entrance.

[0024] The upper-level transportation system 2 is used for upper-level construction organization, upper-level muck removal, safe evacuation, and return air collection during the construction phase. During operation, it is used for gas pipelines, manholes, sealing plugs, sealing interfaces, return air, maintenance provisions, and safe evacuation. The lower-level transportation system 3 is used for air intake, muck removal, drainage, and material transportation during the construction phase. During operation, it is used for air intake, drainage, bottom maintenance provisions, and safe evacuation. Both the upper-level ramp 21 and the lower-level ramp 31 meet the requirements for trackless transport vehicle passage, serving construction machinery, material transportation, muck removal vehicles, and later maintenance vehicles.

[0025] In some embodiments, the gas storage cavern 1 is arranged around the intersection of the upper traffic branch tunnel 22 and the intersection of the lower traffic branch tunnel 23, forming a central convergence arrangement.

[0026] In this embodiment, four gas storage chambers 1 are provided, arranged in a 2×2 matrix. The center-to-center distance between adjacent gas storage chambers 1 is approximately 140m, and the net distance is approximately 100m. In other embodiments, two gas storage chambers 1 can be arranged side by side, three gas storage chambers 1 can be arranged in a triangular arrangement, and five or six gas storage chambers 1 can be arranged in a quincunx, ring, or semi-ring shape. Multiple gas storage chamber groups can be combined to form a larger-scale gas storage chamber complex.

[0027] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the gas storage cavern 1.

[0028] In some embodiments, the gas storage chamber 1 is arranged vertically, meaning that the dimension of the gas storage chamber 1 in the height direction is its maximum dimension in all directions. Its shape is a vertically arranged elongated strip or capsule-shaped structure.

[0029] Based on the above embodiments, the gas storage chamber 1 includes a top arc-shaped section 11, a straight section 12 and a bottom arc-shaped section 13. The top arc-shaped section 11 and the bottom arc-shaped section 13 are hemispherical. The upper end and the lower end of the straight section 12 are respectively connected to the top arc-shaped section 11 and the bottom arc-shaped section 13.

[0030] Based on the above embodiments, the top of the gas storage chamber 1 has a burial depth greater than or equal to 100 meters, a diameter of 30m to 50m, and a total height of 80m to 130m. Specifically, in this embodiment, the diameter of a single gas storage chamber 1 is 40m, the total height is 100m, the height of the top arc-shaped section 11 is approximately 20m, the height of the straight cylindrical section 12 is approximately 60m, the height of the bottom arc-shaped section 13 is approximately 20m, and the burial depth of the tank top is approximately 150m.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the gas storage cavern 1 adopts a pressure-sealed structure with the surrounding rock as the main load-bearing element, initial support for stabilization, secondary lining for pressure equalization, and a steel inner lining for airtightness. The secondary lining can be made of high-performance concrete, and the steel inner lining can be installed inside the secondary lining. Thickened linings, denser anchor bolts, air-stop rings, compensating grouting holes, leak detection holes, or sealing plugs can be installed near the upper traffic branch 22, lower traffic branch 32, branch junctions, and plugs to improve airtightness during operation.

[0032] In some embodiments, the longitudinal slope of the upper ramp 21 and the lower ramp 31 is no greater than 10%, meaning that in the forward direction, the elevation gain or loss for every 100 meters of horizontal distance traveled cannot exceed 10 meters. This translates to a gradient of approximately 5.7 degrees. This gradient is already the steepest possible gradient for heavy-duty engineering vehicles. The longitudinal slope of the upper traffic branch tunnel 22 and the lower traffic branch tunnel 32 is 1% to 5%, preferably 3%. The longitudinal slope requirements ensure the safety of trackless transport vehicles during construction and operation, as well as drainage and maintenance.

[0033] In some embodiments, the upper traffic branch 22 connects to the vicinity of the junction between the top arc-shaped segment 11 and the straight section 12 or connects to the upper part of the straight section 12, avoiding direct connection to the highest point of the dome of the top arc-shaped segment 11. The lower traffic branch 32 connects to the vicinity of the junction between the bottom arc-shaped segment 13 and the straight section 12 or connects to the lower part of the straight section 12, avoiding direct connection to the lowest point of the bottom arc-shaped segment 13.

[0034] In some embodiments, the local underground cavern arrangement system further includes sealing devices, which are installed in the upper access branch 22 and the lower access branch 32. Plugs, sealing plugs, pipe sealing structures, or combinations thereof can be used to ensure the airtightness of the gas storage cavern 1 during operation. The upper access branch 22 is mainly used for the arrangement of gas pipelines, manholes, sealing plugs, or sealing structures. The lower access branch 32 is mainly used for slag removal during construction, bottom drainage, later sealing, and maintenance preparation.

[0035] In some embodiments, the local underground chamber layout system further includes an exhaust shaft 4, the lower end of which connects to the junction of the upper traffic branch tunnel 22, and the upper end connects to the ground. The junction of the upper traffic branch tunnel 22 serves as the upper-level return air collection point. During construction, the return air from each gas storage chamber 1 is collected at the junction of the upper traffic branch tunnel 22 and then discharged to the ground through the exhaust shaft 4. The exhaust shaft 4 can also serve as an exhaust, maintenance passage, and pipeline reserved passage during operation. No exhaust shaft is provided at the junction of the lower traffic branch tunnel 22 to avoid short-circuiting of the intake and return air.

[0036] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4This is a ventilation flow diagram during construction. The ventilation organization during construction adopts a fixed bottom-in, top-out method: fresh air enters the gas storage chamber 1 from the lower access branch tunnel 32. After entering the gas storage chamber 1, the airflow passes through the construction working face and then returns to the upper access branch tunnel 22 through a temporary vertical passage or the excavated space. It then converges at the intersection of the upper access branch tunnels 22 and is finally discharged to the ground through the exhaust shaft 4.

[0037] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the arrangement method of a large-tank compressed air energy storage vertical underground cavern group provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] This method for arranging large-tank compressed air energy storage vertical underground cavern groups is used to arrange the aforementioned large-tank compressed air energy storage vertical underground cavern group arrangement system, and specifically includes the following steps: S1. Determine the number of gas storage chambers 1 based on the compressed air energy storage scale, operating pressure, gas storage volume and geological conditions. The number of gas storage chambers 1 shall be two or more.

[0039] S2. Determine the central convergence layout based on the number of gas storage caverns, namely the layout of gas storage cavern 1 and the location of the intersection of the upper traffic branch tunnel 22 and the lower traffic branch tunnel 32. Arrange each gas storage cavern 1 around the intersection of the upper traffic branch tunnel 22 and the lower traffic branch tunnel 32, with the intersection of the upper traffic branch tunnel 22 and the lower traffic branch tunnel 32 basically located at the geometric center of the area enclosed by each gas storage cavern 1.

[0040] S3. Arrange the upper-level traffic system 2, namely, arrange the upper-level ramp 21 and the upper traffic branch tunnel 22 to form the upper-level traffic system 2 serving the upper gas transmission, return air collection, upper construction, and operation-period sealing and maintenance. Arrange the lower-level traffic system 3, namely, arrange the lower-level ramp 31 and the lower traffic branch tunnel 32 to form the lower-level traffic system 3 serving the lower air intake, slag discharge, drainage, and material transportation.

[0041] Furthermore, the upper traffic branch tunnel 22 needs to be connected to the upper part of the straight section 12 or near the junction of the upper top arc section 11 and the straight section 12, and the lower traffic branch tunnel 32 needs to be connected to the lower part of the straight section 12 or near the junction of the bottom arc section 13 and the straight section 12.

[0042] S4. An exhaust shaft 4 is installed at the intersection of the upper traffic branch tunnel 22, so that the exhaust shaft 4 is connected to the ground.

[0043] S5. Excavate and construct the gas storage cavern 1. During construction, the ventilation system adopts the following method: air supply from the lower traffic system 3, return air from the temporary vertical passage or the excavated space, convergence at the intersection of the upper traffic branch tunnel 22, and exhaust from the exhaust shaft 4.

[0044] S6. A sealing device is installed on the upper traffic branch tunnel 22 and the lower traffic branch tunnel 32. The sealing device includes a plug, a sealing plug, a pipe sealing structure or a combination thereof, and leak detection and compensation grouting are performed.

[0045] Please see Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Detailed flowchart of step S5; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the construction structure of the gas storage cavern.

[0046] In some embodiments, step S5, excavating and constructing the gas storage cavern 1, includes the following steps: S51. Excavate the top arc-shaped section 11 of the gas storage chamber 1, and transport the excavated soil out through the upper traffic branch tunnel 22.

[0047] S52. Excavate a temporary vertical passage 14 in the straight section 12 of the gas storage chamber 1. The temporary vertical passage 14 connects the top arc section 11 and the lower traffic branch tunnel 32.

[0048] It should be noted that the temporary vertical passage 14 and the exhaust shaft 4 are not the same component; their spatial locations, functions, and final states are all different. The exhaust shaft 4 is located at the intersection of the upper traffic branch tunnel 22 and connects to the ground, serving as a common ventilation, maintenance, and pipeline reserve facility for the gas storage cavern group. The temporary vertical passage 14 is located inside each gas storage cavern 1 and serves as a temporary access facility during the construction period of a single gas storage cavern 1.

[0049] The temporary vertical passage 14 is used for the transfer of excavated soil and ventilation return air during the construction period. During construction, the temporary vertical passage 14 can be set near the central axis of the gas storage cavern 1 or other suitable locations, depending on the construction organization. The temporary vertical passage 14 forms a slag discharge connection with the upper excavation face or the upper access branch 22, and a transfer connection with the lower excavation face or the lower access branch 32, but it is not required to be coaxial with or directly aligned with the upper and lower access branch 22 and the lower access branch 32. When the gas storage cavern 1 is finally formed, the temporary vertical passage 14 is expanded and incorporated into the space of the gas storage cavern 1, and is not retained as an independent permanent shaft.

[0050] S53. Excavate the straight section 12 in steps from top to bottom. When excavating the upper section of the straight section 12, the excavated soil is transported out through the upper access tunnel 22. When excavating the middle section of the straight section 12, some of the excavated soil is transported out through the upper access tunnel 22, and the other part is lowered into the lower access tunnel 32 through the temporary vertical passage 14 and then transported out through the lower access tunnel 32. When excavating the lower section of the straight section 12, the excavated soil is lowered into the lower access tunnel 32 through the temporary vertical passage 14 and then transported out through the lower access tunnel 32.

[0051] It should be noted that the upper, middle, and lower sections of the straight section 12 are not strictly divided into three equal parts, but are flexibly selected based on the efficiency of muck transportation. When the efficiency of using the upper access tunnel 22 is high, muck is transported through the upper access tunnel 22; when the efficiency of using the lower access tunnel 32 is high, the muck discharge method is switched to transport muck through the lower access tunnel 32. That is, the muck discharge stage is switched according to the excavation depth, successively adopting an organization method of primarily discharging muck from the upper layer, discharging muck through both upper and lower channels, and then using a temporary vertical channel to lower the muck for centralized discharge.

[0052] S54. Excavate the bottom arc section 13 of the gas storage chamber 1, and transport the excavated soil out through the lower traffic branch tunnel 32.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention arranges two or more vertical underground gas storage caverns 1 around the intersection of the upper traffic branch tunnel 22 and the intersection of the lower traffic branch tunnel 32 in a central convergence manner, so that the traffic, ventilation, drainage and slag discharge paths of multiple gas storage caverns 1 are clear, and it is easy to expand into triangular, matrix, quincunx or multiple combination arrangement forms.

[0054] 2. The present invention adopts the method of connecting the upper traffic system 2 and the lower traffic system 3 through independent openings and independent ramps, so that the upper construction, return air, gas pipeline and sealing plug arrangement are separated from the lower slag discharge, air intake, drainage and material transportation functions, thereby reducing the interference between construction and operation functions.

[0055] 3. In this invention, the exhaust shaft 4 is located at the intersection of the upper traffic branch tunnel 22, making the intersection of the upper traffic branch tunnel 22 the upper return air collection point, avoiding the mixing of the exhaust shaft 4 with the lower air intake system, and reducing the risk of ventilation short circuit.

[0056] 4. The present invention sets up a temporary vertical passage 14 during the construction period inside each gas storage cavern 1, and clearly defines it as different from the exhaust shaft 4, so that the temporary vertical passage 14 can simultaneously undertake the functions of deep soil dumping and bottom-in and top-out ventilation, and finally be incorporated into the gas storage space as the gas storage cavern 1 is expanded, thereby improving construction efficiency without increasing the structural complexity of the permanent cavern.

[0057] 5. The present invention provides different functions through the upper traffic branch tunnel 22 and the lower traffic branch tunnel 32, and sets plugs, sealing plugs or pipeline sealing structures during operation, which is conducive to balancing construction convenience and gas storage operation airtightness.

[0058] 6. This invention proposes a phased conversion method of top slag removal, dual-channel slag removal, and temporary vertical channel lowered to the lower layer for centralized slag removal, in order to adapt to the excavation process of the gas storage cavern 1 from shallow to deep and improve the transportation efficiency at different construction stages.

[0059] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made in accordance with the technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical underground cavern arrangement system for large-tank compressed air energy storage, characterized in that, include: Multiple gas storage chambers are located underground; The upper-level transportation system includes an upper-level ramp and multiple upper-level traffic branch tunnels. Each upper-level traffic branch tunnel corresponds to a gas storage chamber, with one end connected to the gas storage chamber and the other end connected to the same location. The lower end of the upper-level ramp connects to the intersection of the upper-level traffic branch tunnels, and the upper end of the upper-level ramp extends to the ground to form an upper tunnel entrance. The lower-level transportation system, located below the upper-level transportation system, includes a lower-level ramp and multiple lower-level traffic branch tunnels. Each lower-level traffic branch tunnel corresponds to a gas storage chamber, with one end connected to the gas storage chamber and the other end connected to the same location. The lower end of the lower-level ramp connects to the intersection of the lower-level traffic branch tunnels, and the upper end of the lower-level ramp extends to the ground to form a lower tunnel entrance.

2. The vertical underground cavern arrangement system for large-tank compressed air energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas storage chamber is arranged around the intersection of the upper and lower traffic branches.

3. The vertical underground cavern arrangement system for large-tank compressed air energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas storage chamber includes a top arc-shaped section, a straight cylindrical section, and a bottom arc-shaped section. The top and bottom arc-shaped sections are hemispherical, and the upper and lower ends of the straight cylindrical section are respectively connected to the top and bottom arc-shaped sections.

4. The vertical underground cavern arrangement system for large-tank compressed air energy storage according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper traffic branch connects to the junction of the top arc-shaped section and the straight section or to the upper part of the straight section; the lower traffic branch connects to the junction of the bottom arc-shaped section and the straight section or to the lower part of the straight section.

5. The vertical underground cavern arrangement system for large-tank compressed air energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a sealing device, which is installed in the upper and lower traffic branch tunnels to ensure the airtightness of the gas storage chamber.

6. The vertical underground cavern arrangement system for large-tank compressed air energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an exhaust shaft, the lower end of which is connected to the intersection of the upper traffic branch tunnel, and the upper end is connected to the ground.

7. The vertical underground cavern arrangement system for large-tank compressed air energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The longitudinal slope of the upper and lower ramps shall not exceed 10%, and the longitudinal slope of the upper and lower traffic branch tunnels shall be 1% to 5%.

8. The vertical underground cavern arrangement system for large-tank compressed air energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the gas storage cavern is buried at a depth greater than or equal to 100 meters.

9. A method for arranging a vertical underground cavern group of large-tank compressed air energy storage, characterized in that, The method for arranging a vertical underground cavern system for large-tank compressed air energy storage as described in any one of claims 1-8 specifically includes the following steps: S1. Determine the number of gas storage chambers based on the compressed air energy storage scale, operating pressure, gas storage volume, and geological conditions; S2. Determine the intersection of the upper traffic branch tunnel and the lower traffic branch tunnel based on the number of gas storage chambers; S3. Arrange the upper-level transportation system and the lower-level transportation system; S4. An exhaust shaft is installed at the intersection of the upper traffic branch tunnels, and the exhaust shaft is connected to the ground. S5. Excavate and construct the gas storage chamber; S6. Install sealing devices on the upper and lower traffic branch tunnels, and perform leak detection and compensation grouting.

10. The method for arranging a large-tank compressed air energy storage vertical underground cavern group according to claim 9, characterized in that, The excavation and construction of the gas storage cavern includes the following steps: S51. Excavate the top arc-shaped section of the gas storage chamber, and transport the excavated soil out through the upper traffic branch tunnel; S52. Excavate a temporary vertical passage in the straight section of the gas storage cavern, the temporary vertical passage connecting the top arc-shaped section and the lower traffic branch tunnel; S53. Excavate the straight section from top to bottom. When excavating the upper section of the straight section, the excavated soil is transported out through the upper access tunnel. When excavating the middle section of the straight section, part of the excavated soil is transported out through the upper access tunnel, and another part of the excavated soil is lowered into the lower access tunnel through the temporary vertical passage and then transported out through the lower access tunnel. When excavating the lower section of the straight section, the excavated soil is lowered into the lower access tunnel through the temporary vertical passage and then transported out through the lower access tunnel. S54. Excavate the bottom arc-shaped section of the gas storage chamber, and transport the excavated soil out through the lower traffic branch tunnel.

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