An intelligent charging system and charging method using sawdust to adjust the charging structure

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of intelligent charging system and charging method using sawdust to adjust charge structure, and intelligent charging system includes front-end conveying air pipe, explosive branch pipe, sawdust branch pipe and conveying main pipe;Front-end conveying air pipe is connected for compressed air of pneumatic conveying, and the end is connected with explosive branch pipe and sawdust branch pipe through first electric three-way valve in parallel, realize the separate segmented conveying or synchronous mixed conveying of sawdust and powdery explosive, and the parallel explosive branch pipe and sawdust branch pipe are connected with conveying main pipe through second electric three-way valve, and sawdust or / and powdery explosive is output through conveying main pipe and is charged.It also includes controller that is connected with sensor on each conveying pipeline and electric valve control unit communication connection.The present application solves the limitation of existing segmented charge structure on partition structure, and can realize the adaptive adjustment of explosive charge density for different strata rock conditions, uses automatic control charging process, greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of charging construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention discloses an intelligent charging system and charging method that uses wood chips to adjust the charging structure, belonging to the field of explosive charging technology. Background Technology

[0002] In blasting operations at ore mines, traditional charging methods primarily rely on manual loading and charging trolleys. Manual loading is mainly suitable for pre-packaged, pre-quantified explosives, while charging trolleys allow for on-site metering and loading of loose explosives into blast holes. However, the complex and variable properties of underground rock make it difficult for traditional charging methods to quickly adjust the charge per unit length and charging structure on-site according to the rock strata conditions of different blast hole sections. Specifically:

[0003] While charging trolleys offer high efficiency for continuous charging structures, traditional blasting charging methods often require pre-preparing explosives of varying densities to suit different rock conditions, or manually adjusting the charge quantity, spacing, and length of charge segments to alter the charging structure within the borehole. Different charge segments require adjustments to the charge content, and during segmented charging, the spacers for these segments are often bamboo tubes or wooden sticks, as disclosed in patent applications CN222560797U and CN224136490U. These rigid spacers typically require manual prefabrication, handling, and lowering, and their length, position, and orientation are significantly affected by manual operation, making them difficult to fully adapt to the complex spatial conditions within the borehole. When the borehole is deep, has irregular walls, or limited on-site space, rigid spacers are prone to problems such as difficulty in lowering, positional deviation, jamming, or unstable spacing, affecting the construction efficiency and forming accuracy of the segmented charging structure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by this invention is: addressing the lack of an automatic adjustment method for switching between different charging methods in existing blasting charging operations, and providing an intelligent charging system and charging method that uses wood chips to adjust the charging structure.

[0005] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution:

[0006] The present invention first discloses an intelligent charging system that uses wood chips to adjust the charging structure, including a front-end conveying air duct 100, an explosive branch pipe 200, a wood chip branch pipe 300, and a main conveying pipe 400;

[0007] The front-end delivery air duct 100 is connected to an external compressed air pipeline through a compressed air quick connector 1, and a first pressure sensor 4, a flow sensor 5 and an electric shut-off valve 6 are sequentially installed on it.

[0008] The explosive branch pipe 200 is equipped with a pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 for storing powdered explosive materials, and the wood chip branch pipe 300 is equipped with a pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10 for storing wood chips. The air inlet end of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the air inlet end of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10 are connected to the front-end conveying air pipe 100 through a first electric three-way valve 8. The discharge end of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the discharge end of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10 are connected to the conveying main pipe 400 through a second electric three-way valve 13.

[0009] The main conveying pipe 400 is equipped with a pipeline static mixer 15;

[0010] It also includes a controller 16, which is communicatively connected to the sensors and electric valve control units on each delivery pipeline.

[0011] In a smart loading system using a wood chip-adjustable loading structure according to the present invention, the front-end conveying air duct 100 is further provided with an electric pressure regulating valve 3.

[0012] In a smart charging system using wood chips to adjust the charging structure according to the present invention, the main conveying pipe 400 is further provided with a second pressure sensor 14 for monitoring the output pressure of the charging, and a corresponding electric pressure relief valve 7 is provided on the front-end conveying air pipe 100.

[0013] In an intelligent charging system employing a wood chip adjustment charging structure according to the present invention, the discharge ends of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10 are both connected to a first electronic meter 11 and a second electronic meter 12. The first electronic meter 11 and the second electronic meter 12 are communicatively connected to the controller to provide real-time feedback on the discharge volume of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10.

[0014] In an intelligent charging system using a wood chip adjustment charging structure according to the present invention, the discharge end of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the discharge end of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10 are further provided with barrel body discharge electric control valves.

[0015] Both the air inlet of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the air inlet of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10 include an upper air inlet branch and a lower conveying air inlet branch. The upper air inlet branch is connected to the interior of the corresponding material barrel and serves as an air inlet passage for outputting the material inside the barrel through the discharge end. It is equipped with an upper branch air inlet solenoid valve. The lower conveying air inlet branch bypasses the interior of the corresponding material barrel and the barrel discharge solenoid valve and directly connects to the explosive branch pipe or the wood chip branch pipe. It is equipped with a lower branch air inlet solenoid valve.

[0016] In a smart charging system using wood chips to adjust the charging structure according to the present invention, the smart charging system is further installed on a charging trolley, and its front end conveying air pipe is connected to the mine compressed air pipeline through a quick air pressure connector, and the end of the conveying main pipe is connected to the charging pipe on the charging trolley.

[0017] In an intelligent charging system using wood chips to adjust the charging structure according to the present invention, the wood chips in the pneumatic intelligent wood chip bucket are wood granular materials with a particle size range of 1 to 3 mm and a moisture content of ≤10%.

[0018] This invention also discloses an intelligent charging method that uses wood chips to adjust the charge structure. The intelligent charging system described above includes:

[0019] In the powdered explosive conveying mode, the controller 16 controls the first electric three-way valve 8 to connect the front-end conveying duct 100 to the explosive branch pipe 200, and controls the second electric three-way valve 13 to connect the main conveying pipe 400 to the explosive branch pipe 200. The controller closes the passage between the sawdust branch pipe 300 and the front-end conveying duct 100 and the main conveying pipe 400. The controller opens the electric shut-off valve 6 on the front-end conveying duct 100, allowing compressed air to enter the explosive branch pipe 200 through the electric shut-off valve 6 and the first electric three-way valve 8. After the feedback signals from pressure sensor 4 and flow sensor 5 reach the preset threshold, the controller opens the upper branch air inlet electric control valve and the barrel discharge electric control valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9, so that compressed air enters the barrel of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel to form the working pressure required for conveying powdered explosive. At the same time, the powdered explosive is output through the barrel discharge electric control valve at the output end of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel. The powdered explosive is measured by the first electronic meter 11 and enters the explosive branch pipe 200, and then enters the conveying main pipe 400 through the second electric three-way valve 13 and is sent into the blast hole.

[0020] In the wood chip conveying mode, the controller 16 controls the first electric three-way valve 8 to connect the front-end conveying duct 100 to the wood chip branch pipe 300, and controls the second electric three-way valve 13 to connect the main conveying pipe 400 to the wood chip branch pipe 300. The controller closes the passage between the explosive branch pipe 200 and the front-end conveying duct 100 and the main conveying pipe 400. The controller opens the electric shut-off valve 6 on the front-end conveying duct 100, allowing compressed air to enter the wood chip branch pipe 300 through the electric shut-off valve 6 and the first electric three-way valve 8. After the feedback signals from pressure sensor 4 and flow sensor 5 reach a preset threshold, the controller opens the upper branch air inlet electric control valve and the barrel body discharge electric control valve of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip bucket 10, so that compressed air enters the inside of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip bucket to form the working pressure required for wood chip conveying. At the same time, the wood chips are output through the barrel body discharge electric control valve at the output end of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip bucket. The wood chips are measured by the second electronic meter 12 and enter the wood chip branch pipe 300, and then enter the conveying main pipe 400 through the second electric three-way valve 13 and are sent into the blast hole.

[0021] In the explosive-wood chip mixed conveying mode, the controller 16 controls the first electric three-way valve 8 to connect the front-end conveying duct 100 in parallel with the explosive branch pipe 200 and the wood chip branch pipe 300, respectively. The controller also controls the second electric three-way valve 13 to connect the main conveying pipe 400 to both the explosive branch pipe 200 and the wood chip branch pipe 300. The controller opens the electric shut-off valve 6 on the front-end conveying duct 100, allowing compressed air to enter the explosive branch pipe 200 and the wood chip branch pipe 300 via the electric shut-off valve 6 and the first electric three-way valve 8, respectively. Once the feedback signals from the first pressure sensor 4 and the flow sensor 5 on the front-end conveying duct 100 reach preset thresholds, the controller opens the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10, respectively. The upper branch air inlet electric control valve and the barrel discharge electric control valve allow compressed air to enter the barrels of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel respectively, forming the working pressure required for conveying powdered explosives and wood chips. At the same time, the powdered explosives and wood chips are output through the barrel discharge electric control valves at the output ends of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel respectively. The powdered explosives are metered by the first electronic metering device 11 and enter the explosive branch pipe 200. The wood chips are metered by the second electronic metering device 12 and enter the wood chip branch pipe 300. The powdered explosives and wood chips enter the conveying main pipe 400 through the second electric three-way valve 13, and are uniformly mixed by the pipeline static mixer 15 on the conveying main pipe 400 before being sent into the blast hole.

[0022] The powdered explosive conveying mode and the sawdust conveying mode alternately carry out segmented and interval loading of explosives in the borehole, and the explosive-sawdust mixed conveying mode adjusts the loading density in the borehole.

[0023] In a smart charging method for adjusting the charging structure using wood chips according to the present invention, further, when the first electronic meter 11 or / and the second electronic meter 12 detects that the amount of powdered explosive and / or wood chips discharged reaches a preset value, the controller closes the barrel discharge electric control valve and the upper branch air inlet electric control valve of the corresponding barrel, and opens the lower branch air inlet electric control valve of the corresponding barrel, so that compressed air enters the corresponding material branch pipe through the lower part of the barrel conveying air inlet branch, and the residual material in the branch pipe is blown into the blast hole through the conveying main pipe 400;

[0024] After the preset purging time is reached, the controller closes the lower branch air intake electric control valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and / or the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10 and the electric shut-off valve 6 on the front-end conveying air pipe 100, and keeps the explosive branch pipe 200 and / or the wood chip branch pipe 300 connected to the conveying main pipe 400, so that the pressure in the conveying main pipe 400 continues to be released towards the borehole. When the second pressure sensor 14 detects that the pipeline pressure has dropped to the preset safety threshold, the controller cuts off the explosive branch pipe 200 and / or the wood chip branch pipe 300 through the first electric three-way valve and the second electric three-way valve, and opens the electric pressure relief valve 7 connected to the front-end conveying air pipe 100 to release pressure. After the preset pressure relief time is reached, the electric pressure relief valve 7 is closed.

[0025] In a smart charging method using sawdust to adjust the charging structure according to the present invention, further, in the explosive-sawdust mixed conveying mode, the controller reads the cumulative discharge amount of the first electronic meter 11 and the second electronic meter 12 according to a preset sampling period, and respectively obtains the completion progress of the powdered explosive and sawdust relative to their respective target discharge amounts; when the discharge completion progress of one material leads the other material and exceeds the preset allowable deviation, the controller temporarily closes the barrel discharge solenoid valve with the leading completion progress for one or more preset pulse cycles, and keeps the barrel discharge solenoid valve with the lagging completion progress running; when the discharge completion progress deviation of the two materials re-enters the preset allowable deviation, the controller resumes the synchronous operation of the two barrel discharge solenoid valves;

[0026] When the cumulative discharge amount of either powdered explosive or sawdust enters the preset range of the target discharge amount, the controller controls the discharge valves of both materials to enter the termination pulse control stage. By shortening the single opening time of the discharge valves or extending the interval between adjacent opening actions, the single pulse discharge amount of the two materials is reduced. When the cumulative discharge amounts of both powdered explosive and sawdust enter the preset allowable error range of their respective target discharge amounts, the controller synchronously closes the discharge valves of both materials within the same control cycle.

[0027] The present invention, by adopting the above technical solution, has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] (1) This invention is the first in the field to apply wood chips to the segmented charging structure and mixed charging structure of explosives. In the segmented charging structure of explosives, wood chips are used to replace hard components such as bamboo tubes and wooden sticks as the charging spacer medium between explosive segments. Powdered wood chips are sent into the borehole through a pneumatic conveying pipeline, reducing the manual manufacturing, handling and segment-by-segment placement of hard spacers. Different lengths of explosive segments are separated by precise control of the wood chip filling amount, which has better flexibility than the fixed-size prefabricated separation structure and simplifies the construction process of segmented charging in the borehole. At the same time, wood chips and powdered explosives are both powdered materials. By mixing and conveying the two for charging, the explosive density of the charge in the borehole can be changed by adjusting the target output amount and ratio of powdered explosives and wood chips. At the same time, the actual filling amount of powdered explosives per unit length and the blasting energy distribution in the borehole can be changed, so as to adapt to the blasting energy required for different blasting strata rock conditions. Experiments have shown that, regardless of whether the filling is segmented or mixed, the sawdust is located in the core area of ​​the explosive blast. Under the high temperature and pressure environment generated by the explosion, the sawdust will burn out quickly and will not continue to ignite, thus not posing a fire safety hazard at the blast site.

[0029] (2) In the intelligent charging system provided by this invention, the sawdust branch pipe and the explosive branch pipe are connected in parallel, and the switching between segmented and mixed conveying and filling of sawdust and explosive is realized through a single system. An automatic purging process for powdered materials of sawdust and explosive is designed to achieve precise quantitative filling of sawdust and powdered explosive. The entire charging process is uniformly scheduled by the vehicle-mounted control system. The system can switch between three working modes as needed: separate conveying of powdered explosive, separate conveying of sawdust, and mixed conveying of powdered explosive and sawdust. The system controls the material output based on the feedback signal of the electronic meter, realizes the automated control of mixed charging and segmented interval charging, greatly reduces the input of manpower for on-site charging, improves the efficiency of charging operations, and improves the control accuracy of charging quantity and charging structure.

[0030] (3) In the present invention, when transporting mixed wood chips and powdered explosives, the progress of transporting the two materials is monitored separately to ensure that the wood chips and powdered explosives are always output synchronously during the mixing process, so that the final mixture density of wood chips and explosives loaded into the blast hole is uniform, thus avoiding uneven blasting energy. Synchronous pulse control is used to reduce the deviation between the cumulative discharge progress of the two materials and the overall discharge ratio. A pipeline static mixer is set on the main conveying pipe to improve the spatial distribution of the two materials after merging. Both improve the proportional control stability and mixing uniformity of the powdered explosive-wood chip mixing and transport process.

[0031] (4) The intelligent drug loading system of the present invention can be combined with the drug loading structure of the existing drug loading trolley, which reduces the application cost and expands the application scenarios of the drug loading trolley.

[0032] In summary, the intelligent charging system and intelligent charging method provided by this invention, which uses wood chips to adjust the charging structure, solves the limitations of existing segmented charging structures in terms of separation structure. Furthermore, it can adapt and adjust the explosive charging density according to different geological conditions. The entire charging process is automatically controlled, which greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of charging operations.

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent charging system that uses wood chips to adjust the charging structure in the embodiment.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wind-driven intelligent explosive barrel in the embodiment.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the combination of the intelligent drug loading system and the drug loading trolley in the embodiment.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent charging system connection in the powdered explosive conveying mode of the embodiment.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent loading system connection in the sawdust conveying mode of the embodiment.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent charging system connection in the explosive-wood chip mixed conveying mode of the embodiment.

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the segmented loading process in the embodiment, which alternates between the conveying of wood chips and the conveying of powdered explosives.

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the loading process for adjusting the mixing density of explosives and wood chips in the embodiment.

[0042] Numbering in the diagram: 1-Compressed air quick connector, 2-Manual valve, 3-Electric pressure regulating valve, 4-First pressure sensor, 5-Flow sensor, 6-Electric shut-off valve, 7-Electric pressure relief valve, 8-First electric three-way valve, 9-Pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel, 10-Pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel, 11-First electronic meter, 12-Second electronic meter, 13-Second electric three-way valve, 14-Second pressure sensor, 15-Pipeline static mixer, 16-Controller 17-Charging trolley, 18-Compressed air pipe, 19-Charging pipe winding assembly, 20-Charging pipe, 21-Blast hole, 22-Wood chip section, 23-Explosive section, 100-Front-end conveying air pipe, 200-Explosive branch pipe, 300-Wood chip branch pipe, 400-Main conveying pipe, 91-Upper air inlet branch, 92-Lower conveying air inlet branch of barrel, 901-Barrel discharge electric control valve, 902-Upper branch air inlet electric control valve, 903-Lower branch air inlet electric control valve. Detailed Implementation

[0043] Example

[0044] See Figure 1 The figure shows a specific embodiment of an intelligent charging system using sawdust to adjust the charging structure according to the present invention. The conveying pipeline includes a front-end conveying air duct 100, an explosive branch pipe 200, a sawdust branch pipe 300, and a main conveying pipe 400. The front-end conveying air duct 100 is connected to compressed air for pneumatic conveying. The end is connected in parallel with the explosive branch pipe 200 and the sawdust branch pipe 300 through a first electric three-way valve 8 to realize the separate segmented conveying or synchronous mixed conveying of sawdust and powdered explosive. The parallel explosive branch pipe 200 and the sawdust branch pipe 300 are connected to the main conveying pipe 400 through a second electric three-way valve 13. The sawdust and / or powdered explosive are output through the main conveying pipe 400 for charging.

[0045] Specifically, the air inlet of the front-end conveying duct 100 is connected to an external compressed air pipeline via a compressed air quick connector 1, and a first pressure sensor 4, a flow sensor 5, and an electric shut-off valve 6 are sequentially installed on it; the explosive branch pipe 200 is equipped with a pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 that stores powdered explosive materials internally, and the sawdust branch pipe 300 is equipped with a pneumatic intelligent sawdust barrel 10 that stores sawdust materials internally. The air inlet of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the air inlet of the pneumatic intelligent sawdust barrel 10 are connected to the front-end conveying duct 100 via a first electric three-way valve 8, and the discharge end of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the discharge end of the pneumatic intelligent sawdust barrel 10 are connected to the conveying main pipe 400 via a second electric three-way valve 13; the conveying main pipe 400 is equipped with a pipeline static mixer 15, which is mainly used to mix the two powdered materials after the sawdust and powdered explosives enter the conveying main pipe simultaneously and then output them.

[0046] It also includes a controller 16, which is communicatively connected to the sensors and electric valve control units on each delivery pipeline. The controller 16 controls the operating status of each electric valve through sensor signals and input control signals, enabling on-demand switching between the following three operating modes:

[0047] Individual powdered explosive conveying mode: Connect the front-end conveying air duct 100 to the explosive branch pipe 200. The powdered explosive in the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 is conveyed to the conveying main pipe 400 through the explosive branch pipe 200 and the second electric three-way valve 13 and then sent into the blast hole.

[0048] Individual wood chip conveying mode: The front-end conveying air duct 100 is connected to the wood chip branch pipe 300. The wood chips in the pneumatic intelligent wood chip bucket 10 are conveyed to the conveying main pipe 400 through the wood chip branch pipe 300 and the second electric three-way valve 13 and then sent into the blast hole to form a flexible spacer layer or blocking section between the explosive sections in the blast hole.

[0049] Explosive-wood chip mixed conveying mode: The front-end conveying air duct 100 is connected to the explosive branch pipe 200 and the wood chip branch pipe 300 respectively. The powdered explosive and wood chips are conveyed to the second electric three-way valve through the explosive branch pipe and the wood chip branch pipe respectively. After the powdered explosive and wood chips merge at the second electric three-way valve, they enter the conveying main pipe 400. After being diverted, deflected and mixed by the pipeline static mixer 15, they are sent into the blast hole.

[0050] The front-end air delivery duct 100 is also equipped with a hand valve 2, which is located at the rear end of the compressed air quick connector 1. Before and after operation, the air source of the entire system is cut off and opened manually through the hand valve.

[0051] The main conveying pipe 400 is also equipped with a second pressure sensor 14 to monitor the output pressure of the drug in the main conveying pipe. Correspondingly, an electric pressure relief valve 7 is connected in the side of the front-end conveying air duct 100. When the controller monitors the output pressure in the main conveying pipe through the second pressure sensor 14, it controls the electric pressure relief valve 7 to relieve pressure on the front-end conveying air duct 100 based on the feedback of the output pressure.

[0052] The discharge ends of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10 are both connected to a first electronic meter 11 and a second electronic meter 12. The first electronic meter 11 and the second electronic meter 12 are connected to the controller 16 to provide real-time feedback on the discharge volume of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10.

[0053] The following is a detailed introduction to each component.

[0054] The system components for implementing this method include:

[0055] The compressed air quick connector 1 is located at the air inlet end of the front-end air delivery duct 100 and is used to quickly connect or disconnect with the existing compressed air pipeline in the underground roadway, allowing external compressed air to enter the system.

[0056] The hand valve 2 is installed on the front delivery air duct 100 behind the compressed air quick connector. It is used to manually cut off the main air supply of the system and to achieve mechanical isolation during maintenance, shutdown or emergency.

[0057] The electric pressure regulating valve 3 is installed on the front conveying air duct 100 behind the manual valve. It adjusts the pressure of the compressed air entering the conveying system according to the output signal of the controller so that the conveying airflow meets the requirements of pneumatic conveying of powdered explosives and wood chips.

[0058] The first pressure sensor 4 is installed on the front delivery air duct 100 behind the electric pressure regulating valve. It is used to detect the gas source pressure after pressure regulation in real time and feed the pressure signal back to the controller as the basis for judging the gas supply status and adjusting the electric pressure regulating valve.

[0059] The flow sensor 5 is installed on the front delivery duct 100 behind the first pressure sensor. It is used to detect the actual compressed air flow and feed the flow signal back to the vehicle PLC control system as the basis for wind speed control.

[0060] The electric shut-off valve 6 is installed on the front delivery duct 100 behind the flow sensor and is used to connect or disconnect the driving air source entering the subsequent delivery pipeline under the control signal of the controller.

[0061] The electric pressure relief valve 7 is installed downstream of the electric shut-off valve and in front of the first electric three-way valve via a bypass branch and is connected to the controller. It is used to release the residual pressure in the delivery pipeline downstream of the electric shut-off valve in case of shutdown, overpressure, pipe blockage or abnormality.

[0062] The first electric three-way valve 8 is installed at the end of the front-end conveying air duct 100 behind the electric pressure relief valve. It is a three-way distribution valve with the functions of single-branch connection and dual-branch simultaneous connection. Its inlet a1 is connected to the front-end conveying air duct 100, its first outlet a2 is connected to the explosive branch pipe 200, and its second outlet a3 is connected to the sawdust branch pipe 300. It is used to distribute the front-end conveying air duct to the explosive branch pipe 200 and the sawdust branch pipe 300, so that compressed air can enter either branch or both branches at the same time.

[0063] The pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 is a pneumatic storage device that can transport bulk materials under the action of compressed air, used to store and transport powdered explosives.

[0064] The pneumatic intelligent wood chip bin 10 is a pneumatic storage device that can transport bulk materials under the action of compressed air, used for storing and transporting wood chips.

[0065] The first electronic meter 11 is installed at the discharge end of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 to detect the discharge amount of powdered explosive in real time and feed the metering signal back to the controller.

[0066] The second electronic meter 12 is installed at the discharge end of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip bucket 10 to detect the amount of wood chips discharged in real time and feed the metering signal back to the controller.

[0067] The second electric three-way valve 13 is located at the end of the parallel explosive branch pipe 200 and sawdust branch pipe 300. It is a three-way merging valve with single-branch merging and double-branch merging functions. Its first inlet b1 is connected to the explosive branch pipe 200, its second inlet b2 is connected to the sawdust branch pipe 300, and its outlet b3 is connected to the feed end of the conveying main pipe 400 where the second pressure sensor B2 is located. It is used to connect the explosive branch pipe and the sawdust branch pipe to the downstream conveying pipe section, so that the material in a single selected branch pipe, or the mixture of powdered explosive and sawdust in two branches, is output into the borehole.

[0068] The second pressure sensor 14 is installed on the conveying main pipe 400, located between the outlet of the second electric three-way valve 13 and the inlet of the pipeline static mixer 15, and is used to monitor in real time the conveying pressure of powdered explosives, sawdust, or powdered explosive-sawdust mixture in the conveying main pipe 400 before entering the pipeline static mixer.

[0069] A pipeline-type static mixer 15 is located downstream of the second pressure sensor 14 and connected in series with the discharge end of the main conveying pipe. It is a non-powered pipeline-type auxiliary mixing device used to improve the mixing uniformity of two materials. The pipeline-type static mixer 15 adopts a non-powered pipeline structure. The inner diameter of its mixing pipe is the same as or not less than the inner diameter of the main conveying pipe. Three sets of staggered flow guiding components are set inside the mixing pipe, with adjacent flow guiding components having different flow guiding directions. The effective mixing length of the pipeline-type static mixer can be determined according to the conveying pipe diameter, conveying pressure, material particle size, and field test results. In this embodiment, an effective mixing length of 4 to 6 times the inner diameter of the pipe can be used. The two ends of the pipeline-type static mixer are connected with detachable pipe clamps for inspection, cleaning, and replacement.

[0070] See Figure 2 Taking the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 as an example, the discharge end of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 is also equipped with a barrel discharge solenoid valve 901; the air inlet end of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 includes an upper air inlet branch 91 and a lower conveying air inlet branch 92. The upper air inlet branch 91 connects to the inside of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and serves as the air inlet passage for outputting the powdered explosive through the discharge end. It is equipped with an upper branch air inlet solenoid valve 902. The lower conveying air inlet branch 92 bypasses the inside of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the barrel discharge solenoid valve 901, directly connecting to the explosive branch pipe. It is equipped with a lower branch air inlet solenoid valve 903. All of the above solenoid valves are connected to the controller signal.

[0071] During normal conveying of powdered explosives, the controller opens the upper branch air inlet valve 902, the lower branch air inlet valve 903, and the barrel discharge valve 901 of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 according to a preset sequence, allowing the powdered explosives to enter the barrel discharge end from inside the barrel and then enter the explosive branch pipe 200 under the action of compressed air. After the powdered explosives stop being discharged, the controller closes the upper branch air inlet valve 902 and the barrel discharge valve 901, and opens the lower branch air inlet valve 903, allowing compressed air to bypass the inside of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel and purge the powdered explosive branch pipe 200 and the conveying main pipe 400 without continuing to output the powdered explosives from the barrel. To suit this system, the conveying pipe diameter is set to be suitable for pneumatic conveying of powdered explosives and wood chips, preferably 50 mm.

[0072] The structure of the wind-driven intelligent wood chip bucket 10 is the same as that of the wind-driven intelligent explosive bucket 9. Both buckets have an upper air inlet branch and a lower conveying air inlet branch at the air inlet end. The upper air inlet branch is equipped with an upper branch air inlet electric control valve, the lower conveying air inlet branch is equipped with a lower branch air inlet electric control valve, and the discharge end of the bucket is equipped with a bucket discharge electric control valve. The conveying and purging process of wood chips is also the same as that of the conveying pipe and purging of powdered explosives.

[0073] In this embodiment, the sensors connected to the controller 16 include, but are not limited to, the first pressure sensor 4, the flow sensor 5, the first electronic meter 11, the second electronic meter 12, and the second pressure sensor 14. The controller 16 outputs control units for, but are not limited to, the electric pressure regulating valve 3, the electric shut-off valve 6, the electric pressure relief valve 7, the first electric three-way valve 8, the second electric three-way valve 13, and the electric control valves for the barrel discharge, upper branch air inlet, and lower branch air inlet on the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the wind tunnel wood chip barrel 10. These control units are used to complete system parameter setting, air source adjustment, valve opening and closing, metering judgment, calculation of the progress of dual material discharge, synchronous pulse discharge control, switching between the conveying and purging states of the explosive barrel, abnormal alarm, sequential purging of the two branches, and shutdown pressure relief control.

[0074] like Figure 3 As shown, the intelligent charging system of this embodiment can be integrated and installed on the charging trolley 17. Its front-end conveying air pipe 100 is connected to the mine compressed air pipe 18 through the air pressure quick connector 1. The end of the conveying main pipe is connected to the charging pipe 20 on the charging trolley. The charging pipe 20 is wound into the blast hole 21 through the charging pipe winding assembly 19, conveying the powdered explosive in the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the wood chips in the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10 into the blast hole, realizing the charging structure filling of the explosive section 23 and wood chip section 22 in the blast hole. The controller 16 can be a PLC programmable controller, which is integrated with the on-board PLC control system of the charging trolley.

[0075] The intelligent loading method of this embodiment will be described in detail below.

[0076] In the powdered explosive conveying mode, the controller 16 controls the first electric three-way valve 8 to connect the front-end conveying duct 100 to the explosive branch pipe 200, and controls the second electric three-way valve 13 to connect the main conveying pipe 400 to the explosive branch pipe 200. The passage between the sawdust branch pipe 300 and the front-end conveying duct 100 and the main conveying pipe 400 is closed. The controller opens the electric shut-off valve 6 on the front-end conveying duct 100, allowing compressed air to enter the explosive branch pipe 200 through the electric shut-off valve 6 and the first electric three-way valve 8. After the feedback signals from the first pressure sensor 4 and the flow sensor 5 reach the preset threshold, the controller opens the upper branch air inlet electric control valve and the barrel discharge electric control valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9, so that compressed air enters the barrel body of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel to form the working pressure required for conveying powdered explosives. At the same time, the powdered explosives are output through the barrel discharge electric control valve at the output end of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel. After being measured by the first electronic meter 11, the powdered explosives enter the explosive branch pipe 200, and after passing through the second electric three-way valve 13, they enter the conveying main pipe 400 and are sent into the blast hole.

[0077] The intelligent automatic loading system establishes a stable, controllable compressed air supply with shutdown and pressure relief functions during the preparation phase. Specifically, the compressed air quick connector 1 is connected to the downhole compressed air pipeline, and the manual valve 2 is opened to allow compressed air to enter the electric pressure regulating valve 3. After the compressed air pressure is regulated by the electric pressure regulating valve 3, the pressure of the air source after pressure regulation is detected by the first pressure sensor 4, and the compressed air flow is monitored in real time by the flow sensor 5. The controller controls the electric pressure regulating valve 3 based on the feedback signals from the first pressure sensor 4 and the flow sensor 5 to keep the airflow inside the front-end delivery air duct 100 before entering the first electric three-way valve stable. When the system detects excessive pressure, abnormal flow, or pipeline blockage, the controller closes the electric shut-off valve 6 and opens the electric pressure relief valve 7 located on the bypass branch downstream of the electric shut-off valve 6 to release residual pressure.

[0078] Once the airflow inside the front-end conveying duct 100 is stable, the controller controls the first electric three-way valve 8 to open ports a1 and a2 (a1→a2), connecting the front-end conveying duct 100 with the explosive branch pipe 200 and closing the sawdust branch pipe 300; at the same time, the controller controls the second electric three-way valve 13 to open ports b1 and b3 (b1→b3), connecting the explosive branch pipe 300 with the main conveying pipe 400.

[0079] The controller opens the electric shut-off valve 6, allowing the compressed air in the front-end delivery duct 100 to enter the explosive branch pipe 200 after passing through the electric shut-off valve 6 and the first electric three-way valve 8.

[0080] Once the feedback signals from the first pressure sensor 4 and the flow sensor 5 reach a stable preset range again, the controller opens the upper branch air inlet valve, the lower branch air inlet valve, and the barrel discharge valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 according to the preset conveying sequence. This allows compressed air to enter the upper part of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel and form the working pressure required for material conveying, while simultaneously allowing the powdered explosive to enter the barrel discharge end. After being measured by the first electronic metering device 11, the powdered explosive enters the explosive branch pipe 200, and then passes through the second electric three-way valve 13 and the conveying main pipe 400 before entering the blast hole.

[0081] The material path of the powdered explosive conveying mode is as follows: Figure 4 As shown: Compressed air quick connector 1 → Hand valve 2 → Electric pressure regulating valve 3 → First pressure sensor 4 → Flow sensor 5 → Electric shut-off valve 6 (front end delivery air duct 100) → First electric three-way valve 8 → Pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 → First electronic metering device 11 (explosive branch pipe 200) → Second electric three-way valve 13 → Second pressure sensor 14 → Pipeline static mixer 15 (delivery main pipe 400) → Blasting hole.

[0082] The termination conditions and steps of the powdered explosive conveying mode are as follows: When the first electronic meter 11 detects that the amount of powdered explosive discharged reaches the preset value, the controller closes the barrel discharge solenoid valve and the upper branch air inlet solenoid valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9, while keeping the electric shut-off valve open; the controller keeps the first electric three-way valve 8 and the second electric three-way valve 13 in the state of connection with the explosive branch pipe, and at the same time opens the lower branch air inlet solenoid valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9, so that compressed air enters the explosive branch pipe through the lower part of the barrel's conveying air inlet branch, and enters the second pressure sensor 14 and the pipeline static mixer 15 of the conveying main pipe 400 through the second electric three-way valve 13, sending the residual powdered explosive in the above pipeline into the borehole. After the preset purging time is reached, the controller closes the lower branch air inlet solenoid valve and the electric shut-off valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9, while keeping the first electric three-way valve 8 and the second electric three-way valve 13 in the state of connection with the explosive branch pipe, so that the pressure in the conveying main pipe 400 continues to be released towards the borehole. When the second pressure sensor 14 detects that the pipeline pressure has dropped to a preset safe range, the controller closes the first electric three-way valve 8 and the second electric three-way valve 13, and opens the electric pressure relief valve 7 to relieve pressure on the front-end delivery air duct 100 behind the electric shut-off valve 6 and in front of the first electric three-way valve 8; after the preset pressure relief time is reached, the electric pressure relief valve 7 is closed.

[0083] In the wood chip conveying mode, the controller 16 controls the first electric three-way valve 8 to connect the front-end conveying duct 100 with the wood chip branch pipe 300, and controls the second electric three-way valve 13 to connect the main conveying pipe 400 with the wood chip branch pipe 300. The passage between the explosive branch pipe 200 and the front-end conveying duct 100 and the main conveying pipe 400 is closed. The controller opens the electric shut-off valve 6 on the front-end conveying duct 100, allowing compressed air to enter the wood chip branch pipe 300 through the electric shut-off valve 6 and the first electric three-way valve 8. After the feedback signals from the first pressure sensor 4 and the flow sensor 5 reach the preset threshold, the controller opens the upper branch air inlet electric control valve and the barrel body discharge electric control valve of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip bucket 10, so that compressed air enters the inside of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip bucket to form the working pressure required for wood chip conveying. At the same time, the wood chips are output through the barrel body discharge electric control valve at the output end of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip bucket. After being measured by the second electronic meter 12, the wood chips enter the wood chip branch pipe 300, and after passing through the second electric three-way valve 13, they enter the conveying main pipe 400 and are sent into the blast hole.

[0084] The preparation stage for the wood chip conveying mode is the same as that for the powdered explosive conveying mode. After the airflow inside the front conveying duct 100 stabilizes, the controller controls the first electric three-way valve 8 to open ports a1 and a3 (a1→a3), connecting the front conveying duct 100 with the wood chip branch pipe 300 and closing the explosive branch pipe. Simultaneously, the controller controls the second electric three-way valve 13 to open ports b2 and b3 (b2→b3), connecting the wood chip branch pipe 300 with the main conveying pipe 400 and cutting off the explosive branch pipe from the conveying branch pipe to prevent wood chips from flowing back into the explosive branch pipe. The controller opens the electric shut-off valve 6, allowing compressed air to enter the wood chip branch pipe 300 after passing through the electric shut-off valve 6 and the first electric three-way valve 8.

[0085] When the feedback signals from the first pressure sensor 4 and the flow sensor 5 reach the preset range, the controller opens the upper branch air inlet valve, the lower branch air inlet valve, and the barrel discharge valve of the pneumatic intelligent wood chipper 10 according to the preset conveying sequence. This allows compressed air to enter the upper part of the pneumatic intelligent wood chipper and form the working pressure required for material conveying, while simultaneously allowing the wood chips to enter the discharge end of the barrel. After being measured by the second electronic meter 12, the wood chips enter the wood chipper branch pipe 300, and then pass through the second electric three-way valve 13 and the main conveying pipe 400 before entering the blast hole.

[0086] The material path of the wood chip conveying mode is as follows: Figure 5 As shown: Compressed air quick connector 1 → Hand valve 2 → Electric pressure regulating valve 3 → First pressure sensor 4 → Flow sensor 5 → Electric shut-off valve 6 (front end conveying air duct 100) → First electric three-way valve 8 → Pneumatic intelligent wood chip bucket 10 → Second electronic meter 12 (wood chip branch pipe 300) → Second electric three-way valve 13 → Second pressure sensor 14 → Pipeline static mixer 15 (main conveying pipe 400) → Burr hole.

[0087] The termination conditions and steps of the wood chip conveying mode are as follows: When the second electronic meter 12 detects that the wood chip output reaches the preset value, the controller closes the discharge electric control valve of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip bucket 10 and the upper branch air inlet electric control valve, and keeps the electric shut-off valve 6 open; the controller keeps the first electric three-way valve 8 and the second electric three-way valve 13 in the wood chip branch pipe 300 connected state, and at the same time opens the lower branch air inlet electric control valve of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip bucket 10, so that compressed air enters the wood chip branch pipe through the lower part of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip bucket body conveying air inlet branch, and enters the second pressure sensor 14 and the pipeline static mixer 15 of the conveying main pipe 400 in sequence through the second electric three-way valve 13, sending the residual wood chips in the above pipeline into the blast hole. After the preset purging time is reached, the controller closes the lower branch air inlet electric control valve and electric shut-off valve 6 of the pneumatic intelligent wood chipper 10, while keeping the first electric three-way valve 8 and the second electric three-way valve 13 in the wood chipper branch pipe connection state, so that the pressure in the pipeline static mixer and the conveying main pipe continues to be released towards the borehole. When the second pressure sensor 14 detects that the pipeline pressure has dropped to the preset safe range, the controller closes the first electric three-way valve 8 and the second electric three-way valve 13, and opens the electric pressure relief valve 7 to relieve pressure on the front conveying air pipe behind the electric shut-off valve 6 and in front of the first electric three-way valve 8; after the preset pressure relief time is reached, the electric pressure relief valve 7 is closed.

[0088] The powdered explosive conveying mode continuously delivers powdered explosive into the borehole to form explosive sections, while the sawdust conveying mode continuously delivers sawdust into the borehole to form flexible blocking sections or spacer layers. Alternating between the powdered explosive conveying mode and the sawdust conveying mode achieves segmented and spaced loading of explosives within the borehole. The specific process is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, for scenarios requiring the formation of segmented charge structures within the borehole, the controller alternates between powdered explosive conveying mode and sawdust conveying mode based on the preset charge length and spacer layer thickness. The first segment of powdered explosive is conveyed first, starting from the bottom of the borehole and moving upwards. Then, the controller switches to sawdust conveying mode to convey the first sawdust spacer layer, and then switches back to powdered explosive conveying mode to convey the next segment. This cycle continues until all preset segments are completed.

[0089] During the segmented loading process, sawdust is used as a flexible spacer between adjacent powdered explosive segments. After completing the conveying of one segment of powdered explosive, the controller controls the first electric three-way valve 8 to switch to the sawdust branch pipe 300 according to the preset spacer layer thickness or sawdust mass, and controls the second electric three-way valve 13 to connect the sawdust branch pipe 300 to the conveying main pipe 400; then, the discharge valve of the pneumatic intelligent sawdust bin is opened, so that the sawdust is metered by the second electronic meter 12 and enters the conveying main pipe 400 and is sent into the blast hole. When the second electronic meter 12 detects that the sawdust discharge amount reaches the preset value, the controller closes the discharge valve of the pneumatic intelligent sawdust bin 10 and the upper branch air inlet valve, while keeping the sawdust branch pipe in a connected state; the controller opens the lower branch air inlet valve of the pneumatic intelligent sawdust bin, sending the residual sawdust in the sawdust branch pipe and downstream pipe into the blast hole. After the preset purging time is reached, the controller closes the lower branch air intake valve, allowing all the sawdust to enter the borehole and naturally accumulate to form a spacer layer.

[0090] Compared to rigid spacers such as bamboo tubes and wooden sticks, wood chip spacers do not require manual segmented placement and are not limited by the fixed length and rigid shape of spacers. The delivery rate can be flexibly adjusted according to the borehole diameter, borehole depth, charge section length, and rock strata conditions. By changing the wood chip delivery rate, the spacing thickness between adjacent powdered explosive sections can be adjusted, thereby achieving personalized control of the segmented charge structure.

[0091] In the above process, the first electric three-way valve 8 is responsible for connecting the compressed airflow in the front-end conveying duct to the powdered explosive branch pipe or the sawdust branch pipe as needed, and the second electric three-way valve 13 is responsible for connecting the corresponding branch pipe to the main conveying pipe. Since the two branch pipes are arranged in parallel, the powdered explosive and sawdust are independent of each other in the discharge, metering and suction stages, which can avoid cross-contamination and misfeeding, and improve the control accuracy of the segmented charging structure.

[0092] The system in this embodiment can also realize a mixed conveying mode of explosives and sawdust, which synchronously conveys powdered explosives and sawdust into the borehole according to a preset ratio. By changing the proportion of sawdust in the mixture, the content of powdered explosives per unit volume can be adjusted, thereby achieving the adjustment of the charge density. The controller 16 controls the first electric three-way valve 8 to connect the front-end conveying air pipe 100 in parallel with the explosive branch pipe 200 and the sawdust branch pipe 300 respectively. The controller controls the second electric three-way valve 13 to connect the main conveying pipe 400 to the explosive branch pipe 200 and the sawdust branch pipe 300 respectively. The controller opens the electric shut-off valve 6 on the front-end conveying air pipe 100, so that compressed air enters the explosive branch pipe 200 and the sawdust branch pipe 300 respectively through the electric shut-off valve 6 and the first electric three-way valve 8. After the feedback signals of the first pressure sensor 4 and the flow sensor 5 on the front-end conveying air pipe 100 reach the preset threshold, the controller opens the upper branch of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the pneumatic intelligent sawdust barrel 10 respectively. The air inlet control valve and the barrel outlet control valve allow compressed air to enter the interior of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel respectively, forming the working pressure required for conveying powdered explosives and wood chips. At the same time, the powdered explosives and wood chips are output through the barrel outlet control valves at the output ends of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel respectively. The powdered explosives are metered by the first electronic meter 11 and enter the explosive branch pipe 200, while the wood chips are metered by the second electronic meter 12 and enter the wood chip branch pipe 300. The powdered explosives and wood chips enter the conveying main pipe 400 through the second electric three-way valve 13, and are uniformly mixed by the pipeline static mixer 15 on the conveying main pipe 400 before being sent into the blast hole.

[0093] Specifically, the controller, based on the borehole charging design parameters, pre-sets the target output of powdered explosive, the target output of sawdust, the mixing ratio of the two materials, the allowable deviation of the output completion progress, the metering sampling cycle, the pulse control cycle, and the purging time of the two material branches. It also pre-sets the opening and closing sequence of the upper branch air inlet valve, lower branch air inlet valve, and barrel discharge valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel and the pneumatic intelligent sawdust barrel. After a preparation phase identical to that of the powdered explosive conveying mode and the sawdust conveying mode, the controller controls the first electric three-way valve 8 to open inlet a1, outlet a2, and outlet a3, simultaneously connecting the front-end conveying air pipe 100 to both the explosive direct hanger 200 and the sawdust branch pipe 300. The controller then controls the second electric three-way valve 13 to open the first inlet b1, the second inlet b2, and outlet b3, connecting both the powder branch pipe 200 and the sawdust branch pipe 300 to the main conveying pipe 400 where the second pressure sensor 14 and the pipeline static mixer 15 are located.

[0094] Then the controller opens the electric shut-off valve 6 and adjusts the electric pressure regulating valve 3 according to the feedback signals from the first pressure sensor 4 and the flow sensor 5, so that the compressed air pressure and flow rate entering the two parallel branches reach the preset range. The controller opens the upper branch air inlet electric control valve, the lower branch air inlet electric control valve, and the barrel discharge electric control valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10 according to the preset conveying sequence, so that the working pressure required for material conveying is formed in the two barrels respectively, and the powdered explosive and wood chips enter the corresponding barrel discharge ends respectively. The powdered explosive enters the explosive branch pipe 200 after being measured by the first electronic meter 11, and the wood chips enter the wood chip branch pipe 300 after being measured by the second electronic meter 12; the two materials merge at the second electric three-way valve 13 and enter the conveying main pipe 400, passing through the second pressure sensor 14 and the pipeline static mixer 15 in sequence, and are then fed into the blast hole after mixing.

[0095] Thus, the material path for the explosives-wood chips mixed conveying mode is as follows: Figure 6 As shown:

[0096] Powdered explosives: Compressed air quick connector 1 → Hand valve 2 → Electric pressure regulating valve 3 → First pressure sensor 4 → Flow sensor 5 → Electric shut-off valve 6 (front-end conveying air duct 100) → First electric three-way valve 8 → Pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 → First electronic metering device 11 (explosive branch pipe 200) → Second electric three-way valve 13 → Second pressure sensor 14 → Pipeline static mixer 15 (main conveying pipe 400) → Blast hole;

[0097] Wood chips: Compressed air quick connector 1 → Hand valve 2 → Electric pressure regulating valve 3 → First pressure sensor 4 → Flow sensor 5 → Electric shut-off valve 6 (front-end conveying air duct 100) → First electric three-way valve 8 → Pneumatic intelligent wood chip bin 10 → Second electronic meter 12 (wood chip branch pipe 300) → Second electric three-way valve 13 → Second pressure sensor 14 → Pipeline static mixer 15 (main conveying pipe 400) → Burr hole.

[0098] Specifically, such as Figure 8As shown, in the explosive-wood chip mixed conveying mode, the controller reads the cumulative measurement values ​​of the first electronic meter 11 and the second electronic meter 12 according to a preset sampling cycle, and obtains the completion progress of powdered explosive and wood chips relative to their respective target output quantities. When the completion progress deviation of the two materials is within the preset allowable range, the controller controls the discharge solenoid valves of the two barrels to operate synchronously; when the completion progress of one material is ahead and exceeds the preset allowable deviation, the controller temporarily closes the discharge solenoid valve of the barrel on the side with the leading completion progress for one or more preset pulse cycles, while keeping the discharge solenoid valve of the other barrel running. After each pulse cycle, the controller rereads the cumulative measurement values ​​of the first electronic meter 11 and the second electronic meter 12; when the completion progress deviation returns to the preset allowable range, the synchronous operation of the two barrel discharge solenoid valves is restored; otherwise, pulse correction continues for the side with the leading completion progress. The temporary closure is only used to correct the completion progress deviation, and is not to continuously close the valve after the material on that side first reaches the target output quantity. When the cumulative discharge amount of either powdered explosive or sawdust enters the preset range of the corresponding target discharge amount, the controller controls the discharge valves of the two barrels to enter the termination pulse control stage. By shortening the single opening time or extending the interval between adjacent opening actions, the single pulse discharge amount of the two materials is reduced. When the cumulative discharge amount of both materials enters the allowable error range of their respective target discharge amounts, the controller synchronously closes the discharge valves of the two barrels within the same control cycle.

[0099] When both the first electronic meter 11 and the second electronic meter 12 reach their respective preset values, the controller simultaneously closes the discharge solenoid valves of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10. After the discharge solenoid valves of the two barrels of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10 are closed simultaneously, the controller simultaneously closes the upper branch air inlet solenoid valve and the lower branch air inlet solenoid valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10, while keeping the electric shut-off valve 6 open. Subsequently, the controller reopens the lower branch air inlet solenoid valve of the corresponding barrel on the selected branch pipe according to the preset purging sequence.

[0100] Specifically, the explosive branch pipe and the sawdust branch pipe are purged sequentially. The controller first controls the first electric three-way valve 8 to connect the inlet a1 and the outlet a2 and close the outlet a3. At the same time, it controls the second electric three-way valve 13 to connect the inlet b1 and the outlet b3 and close the inlet b2. The controller opens the lower branch air intake electric control valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and keeps the lower branch air intake electric control valve of the pneumatic intelligent sawdust barrel 10 closed. Compressed air enters the explosive branch pipe 200 through the lower part of the barrel body of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9, and then enters the second pressure sensor 14 and the pipeline static mixer 15 of the conveying main pipe 400 through the second electric three-way valve 13, sending the residual powder explosive in the above pipeline into the blast hole.

[0101] After the powdered explosive branch pipe reaches the preset purging time, the controller closes the lower branch air inlet valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9, controls the first electric three-way valve 8 to connect inlet a1 and outlet a3 and close outlet a2, and simultaneously controls the second electric three-way valve 13 to connect inlet b2 and outlet b3 and close inlet b1; the controller opens the lower branch air inlet valve of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10, allowing compressed air to enter the wood chip branch pipe 300 through the lower part of the barrel body of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10, and then pass through the second electric three-way valve 13 to enter the second pressure sensor 14 and the pipeline static mixer 15 of the conveying main pipe 400, sending the residual wood chips in the above pipeline into the blast hole. After the wood chip branch pipe reaches the preset purging time, the controller closes the lower branch air inlet valve of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel 10.

[0102] The first electric three-way valve 8 and the second electric three-way valve 13 sequentially select the explosive branch pipe 200 and the sawdust branch pipe 300, and sequentially open the lower branch air inlet electric control valve of the selected branch pipe, so that the compressed air will purge the explosive branch pipe and the sawdust branch pipe in sequence without continuing to output the material in the barrel, and send the residual material in the two material branches, the pipeline static mixer and the conveying main pipe into the blast hole.

[0103] After the explosive branch pipe 200 and the sawdust branch pipe 300 have been purged, the controller confirms that the upper branch air inlet valve, lower branch air inlet valve, and barrel discharge valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel 9 and the pneumatic intelligent sawdust barrel 10 are all closed, and closes the electric shut-off valve 5; the first electric three-way valve 8 and the second electric three-way valve 13 remain connected to the last purging branch, allowing the pressure in the pipeline static mixer and the conveying main pipe to continue to be released towards the borehole. When the second pressure sensor 14 detects that the pipeline pressure has dropped to the preset safe range, the controller closes the first electric three-way valve 8 and the second electric three-way valve 13, cuts off the explosive branch pipe 200 and the sawdust branch pipe 300, and opens the electric pressure relief valve 7 to relieve pressure on the front conveying air pipe behind the electric shut-off valve 6 and in front of the first electric three-way valve 8; after the preset pressure relief time is reached, the electric pressure relief valve is closed.

[0104] Through the aforementioned powdered explosive-wood chip mixed conveying mode, the PLC can control the actual output of powdered explosive and wood chips according to a preset ratio, allowing both materials to enter the borehole together within the main conveying pipe. Wood chips, as a low-density filler, participate in the adjustment of the charge structure, reducing the amount of powdered explosive loaded per unit length of borehole, thereby achieving charge density adjustment. This mode is suitable for weak and fractured rock formations, rock formations with well-developed joints and fissures, and sections where it is necessary to reduce the concentration of blasting energy. It allows for flexible control of charge density and blasting energy distribution without altering the borehole structure.

[0105] The following example uses a medium-deep hole blasting operation in an underground mine as an application scenario, demonstrating the application of the intelligent charging system and intelligent charging method described in this embodiment for medium-deep hole charging. Both the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel are based on the BQF-100 type pneumatic charging device with electrical control modifications. Each charging barrel is equipped with an upper air inlet branch and a lower conveying air inlet branch. The upper air inlet branch is equipped with an upper branch air inlet solenoid valve, and the lower conveying air inlet branch is equipped with a lower branch air inlet solenoid valve. A barrel discharge solenoid valve is located at the discharge end at the bottom of the barrel. Figure 2 As shown in the diagram, the upper branch air inlet valve, lower branch air inlet valve, and barrel discharge valve are all connected to the onboard PLC control system of the loading trolley. In material conveying mode, the PLC controls the opening of the upper branch air inlet valve, lower branch air inlet valve, and barrel discharge valve of the corresponding loading barrel according to a preset sequence. In pipeline purging mode, the PLC closes the upper branch air inlet valve and barrel discharge valve of the corresponding loading barrel, and opens its lower branch air inlet valve separately. The intelligent loading system is installed on the loading trolley, with the layout as shown... Figure 3 As shown, the borehole diameter, depth, and rock strata distribution are determined by pre-survey on-site surveys. The charging trolley enters the work area and moves to the vicinity of the borehole to be charged. The onboard PLC control system stores the charging design parameters for the borehole, including the length of each charge section, the target charge density, the target ratio of powdered explosive and sawdust corresponding to the target charge density, the position and thickness of the spacer layer, etc. The sawdust used in this system is granular wood material, with a recommended particle size range of 1~3 mm, a moisture content ≤10%, and must not contain stones, metal, or other hard impurities. The powdered explosive used in this embodiment is granular ammonium nitrate explosive, a loose granular industrial explosive suitable for pneumatic conveying. Granular ammonium nitrate explosive should have good looseness and flowability, and can be stably conveyed by compressed air through the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel, explosive branch pipe, and conveying main pipe; before loading, it should avoid moisture, clumping, and obvious agglomeration, and must not be mixed with stones, metal fragments, or other hard impurities that may cause measurement errors, pipe wear, or blockage. The specific performance indicators and usage conditions of granular ammonium nitrate explosives are determined in accordance with the technical requirements of the corresponding industrial explosives and the on-site blasting design of the mine.

[0106] The following describes the specific application of this invention in the mine from three aspects: continuous charging, intermittent charging, and adjusting the explosive density.

[0107] The intelligent charging system continuously charges medium-deep holes in the powdered explosive conveying mode.

[0108] During operation, the PLC controls the first electric three-way valve to connect the explosive branch pipe and the second electric three-way valve to connect the explosive branch pipe to the main conveying pipe; the electric shut-off valve is opened, allowing compressed air to enter the explosive branch pipe. Once the feedback signals from the first pressure sensor and flow sensor reach the preset range, the PLC opens the upper branch air inlet valve, lower branch air inlet valve, and barrel discharge valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel according to the preset conveying sequence, creating the working pressure required for material conveying and allowing the powdered explosive to enter the lower conveying channel of the barrel. After being measured by the first electronic meter, the powdered explosive passes sequentially through the powdered explosive branch pipe, the second electric three-way valve, and the main conveying pipe before entering the blast hole. When the first electronic meter reaches the preset value, the PLC closes the discharge valve and the upper branch air inlet valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel, while keeping the powdered explosive branch pipe connected; the PLC opens the lower branch air inlet valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel, allowing compressed air to enter the powdered explosive branch pipe through the lower part of the barrel's air inlet branch, and sending the residual powdered explosive in the powdered explosive branch pipe, the pipeline static mixer, and the main conveying pipe into the borehole. After the preset purging time is reached, the PLC closes the lower branch air inlet electric control valve and electric shut-off valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel, and keeps the first electric three-way valve and the second electric three-way valve in the state of connection with the powdered explosive branch pipe, so that the pressure in the pipeline static mixer and the main conveying pipe continues to be released towards the borehole; when the second pressure sensor detects that the pipeline pressure has dropped to the preset safe range, the PLC closes the first electric three-way valve and the second electric three-way valve, cuts off the explosive branch pipe, and opens the electric pressure relief valve to relieve pressure on the front conveying air pipe behind the electric shut-off valve and in front of the first electric three-way valve; after the preset pressure relief time is reached, the electric pressure relief valve is closed.

[0109] The intelligent charging system alternately switches between powdered explosive conveying mode and sawdust conveying mode to perform intermittent charging of medium-deep holes.

[0110] When conveying sawdust alone, the PLC switches the first and second electric three-way valves to the sawdust branch pipe and controls it according to the same process as S1: air source regulation, three-valve delivery, metering termination, pipeline purging, and shutdown depressurization. The sawdust is fed by a pneumatically powered intelligent sawdust bin, and the cumulative sawdust output is detected by a second electronic meter. The sawdust enters the blast hole after passing through the sawdust branch pipe, the second electric three-way valve, and the main conveying pipe.

[0111] During intermittent loading, technicians preset the target output amounts of powdered explosive and wood chips in the PLC based on the length or mass of each section of powdered explosive and the thickness or mass of each wood chip spacer layer. The system executes sequentially from the bottom of the borehole upwards: first, the first section of powdered explosive is conveyed to the designated depth using the powdered explosive conveying mode; then, the first wood chip spacer layer is conveyed using the wood chip conveying mode; then, the system switches back to the powdered explosive conveying mode to convey the second section of powdered explosive, and so on, until all preset segments are completed. The wood chips naturally accumulate in the borehole to form a flexible spacer layer, replacing traditional rigid spacers such as bamboo tubes and wooden sticks, eliminating the need for manual placement.

[0112] The intelligent charging system adjusts the explosive density of medium-deep holes using a mixed explosive-wood chip conveying mode to adapt to the blasting energy requirements of different blasting locations. For sections with weak and fractured rock formations, well-developed joints and fissures, poor surrounding rock stability, or sections where it is necessary to reduce the explosive loading per unit hole length to avoid excessive pulverization, the intelligent charging system adjusts the explosive density of medium-deep holes using the mixed explosive-wood chip conveying mode. This mode involves simultaneously adding a certain proportion of wood chips during the powdered explosive conveying process, allowing the wood chips to participate as a low-density filler material in adjusting the hole charging structure. This reduces the actual amount of powdered explosive loaded per unit volume or unit length of hole, thereby regulating the charge density and blasting energy distribution.

[0113] The specific steps are as follows:

[0114] 1. Parameter preset: According to the design requirements of the borehole or the charging section, the output amount of powdered explosive, the output amount of wood chips and the mixing ratio are preset in the PLC, and the target metering values ​​of the first electronic metering device and the second electronic metering device are set to the corresponding amount of powdered explosive and amount of wood chips.

[0115] 2. Branch pipe preparation: The PLC controls the first electric three-way valve to open inlet a1, outlet a2 and outlet a3, and controls the second electric three-way valve to open inlet b1, inlet b2 and outlet b3, so that the explosive branch pipe and the sawdust branch pipe are connected to the downstream conveying main pipe 400.

[0116] 3. Gas source and material conveying: The PLC opens the electric shut-off valve and adjusts the electric pressure regulating valve according to the feedback signals of the first pressure sensor and flow sensor; when the pressure and flow reach the preset range, the upper branch air inlet electric control valve, lower branch air inlet electric control valve and barrel discharge electric control valve of the explosive branch pipe and the sawdust branch pipe are opened in the preset sequence, so that the powdered explosive and sawdust enter their respective material branch pipes through the corresponding electronic metering devices.

[0117] 4. Mixed conveying: Powdered explosives and sawdust merge at the second electric three-way valve. After merging, the two materials enter the conveying main pipe and pass through the second pressure sensor and the pipeline static mixer in sequence. Under the action of the cross-flow guiding components inside the pipeline static mixer, the powdered explosives and sawdust are diverted, deflected and re-merged, and then sent into the blast hole together through the conveying main pipe.

[0118] 5. Metering control: The PLC reads the cumulative metering values ​​of the first and second electronic meters according to the preset sampling cycle. The ratio of the current cumulative output of powdered explosive to the target output of powdered explosive is used as the progress of powdered explosive output, and the ratio of the current cumulative output of sawdust to the target output of sawdust is used as the progress of sawdust output.

[0119] When the discharge progress deviation of the two materials is within the preset allowable range, the PLC controls the discharge solenoid valves of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel to operate synchronously; when the discharge progress of the powdered explosive is ahead and exceeds the preset allowable deviation, the PLC temporarily closes the discharge solenoid valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel for one or more preset pulse cycles, while keeping the discharge solenoid valve of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel running; when the discharge progress of the wood chips is ahead and exceeds the preset allowable deviation, the PLC temporarily closes the discharge solenoid valve of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel for one or more preset pulse cycles, while keeping the discharge solenoid valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel running.

[0120] After each preset pulse cycle, the PLC rereads the cumulative measurement values ​​of the first and second electronic meters and recalculates the discharge completion progress of the two materials. When the deviation of the discharge completion progress of the two materials returns to the preset allowable range, the PLC resumes the synchronous operation of the discharge control valves of the two barrels; when the completion progress deviation still exceeds the preset allowable range, the PLC continues to temporarily shut down the leading side of the completion progress for the next preset pulse cycle.

[0121] When the cumulative discharge amount of any material enters the preset range close to the corresponding target discharge amount, the PLC controls the two barrel discharge solenoid valves to enter the termination pulse control stage. By shortening the single opening time or extending the interval between adjacent opening actions, the single pulse discharge amount of the two materials is reduced. When the first and second electronic meters detect that the cumulative discharge amounts of powdered explosives and sawdust have both entered the preset allowable error range of their respective target discharge amounts, the PLC synchronously closes the two barrel discharge solenoid valves within the same control cycle to reduce the situation where one material reaches the target discharge amount while the other material is discharged alone for an extended period of time.

[0122] 6. Pipeline Purging: After the discharge solenoid valves of the two barrels are closed simultaneously, the PLC simultaneously closes the upper and lower branch air inlet solenoid valves of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel, while keeping the electric shut-off valve open. The first and second electronic meters are set at the discharge end of the corresponding explosive barrels. The residual material that has passed through the electronic meters and entered the material branch has been included in the cumulative discharge amount. During the purging process, the discharge solenoid valves of the two barrels remain closed, and no new material from the barrels enters the main conveying pipe. Subsequently, the PLC sequentially selects the powdered explosive branch pipe and the wood chip branch pipe according to the preset sequence, and reopens the lower branch air inlet solenoid valve of the explosive barrel corresponding to the selected branch pipe, sending the measured residual material that has remained in the material branch pipe and downstream pipeline into the blast hole.

[0123] After the powdered explosive branch pipe reaches the preset purging time, the PLC switches to purge the sawdust branch pipe with sawdust. After the sawdust branch pipe reaches the preset purging time, the PLC closes the lower branch air inlet valve of the pneumatic intelligent sawdust bin.

[0124] 7. Stop and Depressurization: After both the explosive branch pipe and the sawdust branch pipe have been purged, the PLC confirms that the upper branch air inlet valve, lower branch air inlet valve, and barrel discharge valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel and the pneumatic intelligent sawdust barrel are all in the closed state, and closes the electric shut-off valve; at the same time, the first electric three-way valve and the second electric three-way valve are kept in the connected state of the last purging branch pipe, so that the pressure in the pipeline static mixer and the conveying main pipe continues to be released towards the borehole. When the second pressure sensor detects that the pipeline pressure has dropped to the preset safe range, the PLC closes the first electric three-way valve and the second electric three-way valve, and opens the electric pressure relief valve to depressurize the front conveying air pipe behind the electric shut-off valve and in front of the first electric three-way valve; after the preset pressure relief time is reached, the electric pressure relief valve is closed.

[0125] By adjusting the target output and ratio of powdered explosives and sawdust, the actual amount of powdered explosives loaded per unit borehole length and the blast energy distribution within the borehole can be altered. When higher blast energy is required, the proportion of powdered explosives can be increased; when a reduction in local energy concentration is needed, the proportion of sawdust can be appropriately increased. The specific ratio should be determined based on the properties of the powdered explosives, the accumulation characteristics of the sawdust, borehole conditions, and field test results.

[0126] The above embodiments are merely illustrative examples to clearly illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation. Any intelligent charging method and system that employs the core technical principle of "achieving three working modes—single transport of powdered explosives, single transport of sawdust, and mixed transport of powdered explosives and sawdust—through coordinated control of air source regulation, electrically controlled valves, and pneumatic charging devices; utilizing sawdust to replace traditional spacers to achieve a segmented charging structure; and adjusting the charging density and blasting energy distribution by regulating the ratio of sawdust to powdered explosives" falls within the protection scope of this invention. Without departing from the technical concept of this invention, any equivalent substitutions or conventional modifications made by those skilled in the art regarding specific equipment models, pipe diameters, metering methods, control parameters, and installation forms should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent charging system that uses wood chips to adjust the charging structure, characterized in that: It includes a front-end conveying duct (100), an explosive branch pipe (200), a sawdust branch pipe (300), and a main conveying pipe (400). The front-end delivery air duct (100) is connected to an external compressed air pipeline through a compressed air quick connector (1), and a first pressure sensor (4), a flow sensor (5) and an electric shut-off valve (6) are sequentially installed on it. The explosive branch pipe (200) is equipped with a pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel (9) for storing powdered explosive materials, and the wood chip branch pipe (300) is equipped with a pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel (10) for storing wood chips. The air inlet of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel (9) and the air inlet of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel (10) are connected to the front conveying air pipe (100) through the first electric three-way valve (8). The discharge end of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel (9) and the discharge end of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel (10) are connected to the conveying main pipe (400) through the second electric three-way valve (13). The conveying main pipe (400) is equipped with a pipeline static mixer (15); It also includes a controller (16), which is communicatively connected to the sensors and electric valve control units on each delivery pipeline.

2. The intelligent charging system using wood chips to adjust the charging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front-end delivery air duct (100) is also equipped with an electric pressure regulating valve (3).

3. The intelligent charging system using wood chips to adjust the charging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main conveying pipe (400) is also equipped with a second pressure sensor (14) for monitoring the output pressure of the drug loading, and a corresponding electric pressure relief valve (7) is connected to the front conveying air pipe (100).

4. The intelligent charging system using wood chips to adjust the charging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge ends of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel (9) and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel (10) are both equipped with a first electronic meter (11) and a second electronic meter (12). The first electronic meter (11) and the second electronic meter (12) are connected to the controller to provide real-time feedback on the discharge volume of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel (9) and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel (10).

5. The intelligent charging system using wood chips to adjust the charging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge end of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel (9) and the discharge end of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel (10) are also equipped with barrel body discharge electric control valves; The air inlet of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel (9) and the air inlet of the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel (10) both include an upper air inlet branch and a lower conveying air inlet branch. The upper air inlet branch is connected to the interior of the corresponding material barrel and is an air inlet passage for outputting the material in the barrel through the discharge end. It is equipped with an upper branch air inlet electric control valve. The lower conveying air inlet branch bypasses the interior of the corresponding material barrel and the barrel discharge electric control valve and is directly connected to the explosive branch pipe or wood chip branch pipe. It is equipped with a lower branch air inlet electric control valve.

6. The intelligent charging system using wood chips to adjust the charging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent charging system is installed on the charging trolley. Its front-end conveying air pipe is connected to the mine's compressed air pipeline through a quick-connect air pressure connector, and the end of the main conveying pipe is connected to the charging pipe on the charging trolley.

7. The intelligent charging system using wood chips to adjust the charging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wood chips in the wind-driven intelligent wood chip bucket are wood granular materials with a particle size range of 1-3 mm and a moisture content of ≤10%.

8. A smart charging method using wood chips to adjust the charge structure, characterized in that: Using any one of the intelligent loading systems of claims 1-7, including: In the powdered explosive conveying mode, the controller (16) controls the first electric three-way valve (8) to connect the front-end conveying duct (100) with the explosive branch pipe (200), and controls the second electric three-way valve (13) to connect the main conveying pipe (400) with the explosive branch pipe (200). The passage between the sawdust branch pipe (300) and the front-end conveying duct (100) and the main conveying pipe (400) is closed. The controller opens the electric shut-off valve (6) on the front-end conveying duct (100) so that compressed air enters the explosive branch pipe (200) through the electric shut-off valve (6) and the first electric three-way valve (8). After the feedback signals of the first pressure sensor (4) and flow sensor (5) on (100) reach the preset threshold, the controller opens the upper branch air inlet electric control valve and the barrel discharge electric control valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel (9), so that compressed air enters the barrel of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel to form the working pressure required for conveying powdered explosives. At the same time, the powdered explosives are output through the barrel discharge electric control valve at the output end of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel. The powdered explosives are measured by the first electronic meter (11) and enter the explosive branch pipe (200), and then enter the conveying main pipe (400) through the second electric three-way valve (13) and are sent into the blast hole. In the wood chip conveying mode, the controller (16) controls the first electric three-way valve (8) to connect the front-end conveying duct (100) with the wood chip branch pipe (300), and controls the second electric three-way valve (13) to connect the main conveying pipe (400) with the wood chip branch pipe (300). The passage between the explosive branch pipe (200) and the front-end conveying duct (100) and the main conveying pipe (400) is closed. The controller opens the electric shut-off valve (6) on the front-end conveying duct (100), so that compressed air enters the wood chip branch pipe (300) through the electric shut-off valve (6) and the first electric three-way valve (8). After the feedback signals of the first pressure sensor (4) and flow sensor (5) on the pipe (100) reach the preset threshold, the controller opens the upper branch air inlet electric control valve and the barrel body discharge electric control valve of the wind-driven intelligent wood chip bucket (10), so that compressed air enters the inside of the wind-driven intelligent wood chip bucket to form the working pressure required for wood chip conveying. At the same time, the wood chips are output through the barrel body discharge electric control valve at the output end of the wind-driven intelligent wood chip bucket. The wood chips are measured by the second electronic meter (12) and enter the wood chip branch pipe (300), and then enter the conveying main pipe (400) through the second electric three-way valve (13) and are sent into the blast hole. In the explosive-wood chip mixed conveying mode, the controller (16) controls the first electric three-way valve (8) to connect the front-end conveying duct (100) in parallel with the explosive branch pipe (200) and the wood chip branch pipe (300) respectively. The controller controls the second electric three-way valve (13) to connect the main conveying pipe (400) with the explosive branch pipe (200) and the wood chip branch pipe (300) respectively. The controller opens the electric shut-off valve (6) on the front-end conveying duct (100) so that compressed air enters the explosive branch pipe (200) and the wood chip branch pipe (300) respectively through the electric shut-off valve (6) and the first electric three-way valve (8). After the feedback signals of the first pressure sensor (4) and the flow sensor (5) on the front-end conveying duct (100) reach the preset threshold, the controller opens the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel (9) respectively. The upper branch air inlet electric control valve and the barrel body discharge electric control valve of the wind-driven intelligent wood chip barrel (10) allow compressed air to enter the barrel body of the wind-driven intelligent explosive barrel and the wind-driven intelligent wood chip barrel respectively to form the working pressure required for conveying powdered explosives and wood chips. At the same time, the powdered explosives and wood chips are output through the barrel body discharge electric control valves at the output end of the wind-driven intelligent explosive barrel and the output end of the wind-driven intelligent wood chip barrel respectively. The powdered explosives are metered by the first electronic meter (11) and enter the explosive branch pipe (200). The wood chips are metered by the second electronic meter (12) and enter the wood chip branch pipe (300). The powdered explosives and wood chips enter the conveying main pipe (400) through the second electric three-way valve (13) and are uniformly mixed by the pipeline static mixer (15) on the conveying main pipe (400) before being sent into the blast hole. The powdered explosive conveying mode and the sawdust conveying mode alternately carry out segmented and interval loading of explosives in the borehole, and the explosive-sawdust mixed conveying mode adjusts the loading density in the borehole.

9. The intelligent charging method for adjusting the charging structure using wood chips according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the first electronic meter (11) or / and the second electronic meter (12) detects that the amount of powdered explosive and / or wood chips discharged reaches the preset value, the controller closes the discharge valve and the upper branch air inlet valve of the corresponding barrel and opens the lower branch air inlet valve of the corresponding barrel, so that compressed air enters the corresponding material branch pipe through the lower part of the barrel conveying air inlet branch, and blows the residual material in the branch pipe into the blast hole through the conveying main pipe (400); After the preset purging time is reached, the controller closes the lower branch air intake electric control valve of the pneumatic intelligent explosive barrel (9) or / and the pneumatic intelligent wood chip barrel (10) and the electric shut-off valve (6) on the front-end conveying air pipe (100), and keeps the explosive branch pipe (200) or / and the wood chip branch pipe (300) connected to the conveying main pipe (400), so that the pressure in the conveying main pipe (400) continues to be released towards the borehole. When the second pressure sensor (14) detects that the pipeline pressure drops to the preset safety threshold, the controller cuts off the explosive branch pipe (200) or / and the wood chip branch pipe (300) through the first electric three-way valve and the second electric three-way valve, and opens the electric pressure relief valve (7) connected to the front-end conveying air pipe (100) to release pressure. After the preset pressure relief time is reached, the electric pressure relief valve (7) is closed.

10. A smart charging method for adjusting the charge structure using wood chips according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: In the explosive-wood chip mixed conveying mode, the controller reads the cumulative discharge amount of the first electronic meter (11) and the second electronic meter (12) according to the preset sampling cycle, and obtains the completion progress of the powdered explosive and wood chips relative to their respective target discharge amounts; when the discharge completion progress of one material is ahead of the other material and exceeds the preset allowable deviation, the controller temporarily closes the barrel discharge electric control valve with the leading completion progress for one or more preset pulse cycles, and keeps the barrel discharge electric control valve with the lagging completion progress running; when the discharge completion progress deviation of the two materials re-enters the preset allowable deviation, the controller resumes the synchronous operation of the two barrel discharge electric control valves; When the cumulative discharge amount of either powdered explosive or sawdust enters the preset range of the target discharge amount, the controller controls the discharge valves of both materials to enter the termination pulse control stage. By shortening the single opening time of the discharge valves or extending the interval between adjacent opening actions, the single pulse discharge amount of the two materials is reduced. When the cumulative discharge amounts of both powdered explosive and sawdust enter the preset allowable error range of their respective target discharge amounts, the controller synchronously closes the discharge valves of both materials within the same control cycle.

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