A top-mounted multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device and its working method

Abstract

This invention discloses a top-mounted multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device and its operating method, relating to the field of fluid testing technology. It includes a loading chamber and a loading assembly. One end of the loading chamber has a water inlet, and the other end has a water outlet. The loading chamber contains multiple guide structures arranged at intervals along its length or forming a two-dimensional array along both its length and width. Each guide structure contains an airbag with a downward-expanding loading surface facing the water. The airbag's inlet and outlet are connected to the loading assembly. The loading surface expands towards the water along the direction defined by the guide structures, compressing the water and driving it to flow out from the water outlet. This invention solves the problem of thrust fluctuations and localized water disturbances easily caused by existing pneumatic loading devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fluid testing technology, specifically relating to a top multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device and its working method. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Pneumatic loading water tunnel devices use gas pressure to drive water to form an experimental flow field, offering advantages such as low noise and minimal initial disturbance. To avoid direct contact between gas and water, which could lead to gas dissolution and bubble formation, existing technologies typically use airbags as the gas-water isolation medium. In existing designs, the airbags are positioned within the loading chamber and extend and retract along its length. Furthermore, external linkage mechanisms constrain the airbag shape to reduce thrust fluctuations caused by uneven airbag contraction or local buckling.

[0004] However, single long strip airbags still have problems such as concentrated volume changes, large local strain, weak zone control capability, and the impact of local failure on overall loading. If the airbag lacks stable top positioning and directional constraint in the water, it is very easy for the airbag to drift laterally, overturn, bulge locally, or fluctuate the attitude of the loading surface, which in turn causes thrust fluctuations and local water disturbances. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a top-mounted multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device and its operating method, which solves the problem that the airbags in existing pneumatic loading devices are prone to lateral drift, overturning, local bulging, or loading surface attitude fluctuations, causing thrust fluctuations and local water disturbances.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a top-mounted multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device, comprising: a loading chamber and a loading component, wherein one end of the loading chamber is provided with a water inlet and the other end is provided with a water outlet; the loading chamber is provided with multiple guide structures, which are arranged at intervals on the top of the loading chamber along the length direction of the loading chamber; multiple airbags are provided on the top of the loading chamber, and the airbags are arranged on the guide structures; each airbag has a downwardly expanding airbag wall loading surface facing the water body; the air inlet and outlet of each airbag are connected to the loading component; after the airbags are inflated, under the action of water buoyancy and the top fixing structure, the top of the airbag is always in contact with the top of the loading chamber; the airbag wall loading surface expands towards the water body in the direction defined by the guide structure and squeezes the water body, driving the water body to flow out from the water outlet.

[0007] As a further implementation, a gap space is maintained between adjacent guide structures, and a sensor module is provided in the gap space.

[0008] As a further implementation, the loading component includes a gas source component, a pressure stabilization and distribution component, and a valve control component; the pressure stabilization and distribution component includes a main air inlet pipe, a pressure stabilizing tank, a pressure stabilizing manifold, and branch air pipes, and the gas source component, the main air inlet pipe, the pressure stabilizing tank, the pressure stabilizing manifold, and the branch air pipes are connected in sequence.

[0009] As a further implementation, the number of branch air tubes is the same as the number of airbags, and the branch air tubes are also provided with exhaust pipes.

[0010] As a further implementation, the valve control assembly includes a main intake valve disposed on the main intake pipe, a branch intake valve disposed on the branch intake pipe, a branch exhaust valve disposed on the exhaust pipe, and a drain valve disposed at the water outlet.

[0011] As a further implementation, a control component is also included, which communicates with the sensor module, the main intake valve, the branch intake valve, the branch exhaust valve, and the drain valve, respectively.

[0012] As a further implementation, the airbag is sealed to the top of the loading chamber, thus isolating the gas inside the airbag from the water inside the loading chamber.

[0013] As a further implementation, the sensor module includes a pressure sensor, an ultrasonic flow velocity probe, an optical fiber sensor, a temperature probe, and a water level probe.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for operating a top multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device, comprising the following steps: Close the drain valve of the loading chamber and the exhaust valves of each branch, inject a predetermined volume of water into the loading chamber, confirm that the top airbag array is in a contracted state, and confirm that the sensor modules between adjacent airbags are in a data-collecting state. The control unit opens the main air intake valve and the selected branch air intake valve, and the compressed gas enters multiple top airbags through the pressure regulating manifold; as the gas volume inside the airbag increases, the airbag is held in the upper part of the loading chamber by the buoyancy of the water and the action of the top fixing structure, and the loading surface of the airbag wall expands steadily downward along the direction defined by the guide structure, and directly applies pressure to the water below it. The control component reads the pressure of the branch air tubes of each airbag and the data of the sensor modules between airbags, while monitoring the displacement or shape of the airbags; it replenishes or deflates airbags with large deviations in pressure, displacement or shape, so that multiple airbags reach the preset pressure balance and shape stability conditions. Open the drain valve or the test section inlet valve, and the water in the loading chamber flows out from the water outlet and into the water receiving tray under the stable pressure of the top multi-airbag array; since the main body of the airbag is always at the top and the loading direction is constrained, the water pressure process is more continuous, which helps to reduce large-scale tumbling and local swirling. Based on feedback from flow rate, pressure, water level, temperature, or airbag shape, the control component adjusts the inflation and deflation volume of each airbag in real time to maintain the stability of water flow velocity, pressure, and airbag expansion profile; when local compensation is required, only the airbags in the corresponding area are adjusted to avoid additional disturbances in unrelated areas. Close the intake valves of each branch and open the exhaust valves of each branch. Multiple top airbags exhaust and contract; the water pressure in the return water or loading chamber returns to its initial state, and the airbag array waits for the next loading cycle.

[0015] As a further implementation, the control component supports synchronous control mode, group control mode, and closed-loop control mode; In the synchronous control mode, the control component controls multiple airbags to inflate simultaneously to provide an overall loading force; In the group control mode, the control component controls the airbags at the water inlet, the middle area of ​​the loading chamber, and the water outlet to inflate sequentially according to a preset time sequence; In the closed-loop control mode, the control component adjusts the valve control component corresponding to the airbag based on the pressure or flow rate deviation detected by the sensor module between adjacent airbags.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this invention are: This invention utilizes an array of multiple airbags positioned at the top of the loading chamber to distribute the loading stroke and force, reducing the risk of maximum strain, local buckling, and concentrated deformation in individual airbags. The airbags, once inflated, tend to float upwards, and with the top fixing structure, the airbag body remains continuously positioned above the loading chamber throughout the loading process, fundamentally solving the problems of airbag sinking, overturning, and attitude drift. The guiding structure constrains the lateral deformation of the airbags, ensuring stable expansion of the loading surface of the airbag wall in a predetermined direction, resulting in more stable and controllable expansion profile, displacement, and loading stroke. The stable top position and consistent loading direction reduce large-scale tumbling, swirling, and local shearing of the water caused by disordered airbag movement, thus helping to reduce flow field turbulence, pressure pulsation, and experimental noise.

[0017] The present invention features multiple airbags arranged at intervals, with sensor modules positioned in the space between adjacent airbags. The sensor modules are located close to the loading area, enabling more accurate reflection of local pressure, flow rate, and water level changes. This facilitates real-time detection and closed-loop control of the loading process, solving the problem that existing devices cannot perform real-time detection and closed-loop adjustment of local areas within the loading chamber.

[0018] Each airbag in this invention is equipped with an independent branch air tube and branch valve, supporting independent control of each airbag in different zones. The control component can perform zone compensation and adjustment for local flow fluctuations and pressure loss based on real-time feedback from the sensor module, overcoming the shortcomings of existing devices that can only apply uniform pressure as a whole and have poor loading uniformity. The top arrangement also facilitates maintenance, replacement and expansion of the number of airbags.

[0019] The airbags of this invention are sealed to the top of the loading chamber, which completely isolates the gas inside the airbags from the water in the loading chamber, thereby reducing the impact of gas dissolution and bubble precipitation on flow field observation. When some airbags leak or require maintenance, the corresponding branch valves can be closed and the remaining airbags can continue to provide loading, improving system redundancy and reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the top multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device of the present invention. In the diagram: 1. Loading chamber; 2. Water flow channel; 3. First airbag; 4. Second airbag; 5. Loading surface of the airbag wall; 6. First guide structure; 7. Second guide structure; 8. Sensor module; 9. Air source assembly; 10. Main air inlet valve; 11. Pressure stabilizing tank; 12. Pressure stabilizing manifold; 13. First branch air pipe; 14. Second branch air pipe; 15. First branch air inlet valve; 16. Second branch air inlet valve; 17. First branch exhaust valve; 18. Second branch exhaust valve; 19. Controller; 20. Water inlet; 21. Water outlet; 22. Drain valve; 23. Return assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0022] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0023] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, unless otherwise expressly indicated by the invention, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0024] Example 1 This embodiment provides a top-mounted multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device, in which multiple airbags are placed on the top of the loading chamber 1. The buoyancy of the water is used to keep the main body of the airbags continuously above the loading chamber 1. With the help of the guide structure, the lateral deformation of the airbags is constrained, so that the loading surface 5 of the airbag wall expands stably towards the water body in a predetermined direction. At the same time, sensor modules 8 are arranged in the space between adjacent airbags to realize real-time detection and zoned closed-loop adjustment of the loading process.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the top-mounted multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device includes a loading chamber 1 and a loading assembly. The loading chamber 1 is a sealed, elongated container, with a water-containing cavity and a water flow channel 2 inside. One end of the loading chamber 1 has a water inlet 20, and the other end has a water outlet 21. Water is injected through the water inlet 20 and flows out through the water outlet 21 under pneumatic loading, entering the return assembly 23. Two guide structures are spaced apart along the length of the top of the loading chamber 1, extending along the target expansion direction of the airbags, to limit lateral displacement and disordered inflation of the airbags.

[0026] In this embodiment, there are two airbags and two guide structures. The two airbags are designated as a first airbag 3 and a second airbag 4, and the two guide structures are designated as a first guide structure 6 and a second guide structure 7. The first airbag 3 is arranged in the first guide structure 6, and the second airbag 4 is arranged in the second guide structure 7. Both airbags are fixed to the top of the loading chamber 1 and are sealed to the top of the loading chamber 1, thus isolating the gas inside the two airbags from the water in the loading chamber 1 and preventing gas from entering the loading chamber 1, thereby preventing gas from entering the water. Each airbag has a loading surface 5 facing the water, which faces the water in the water flow channel 2. After the airbag is inflated, under the combined action of the buoyancy of the water and the top fixing structure, the top of the airbag remains in contact with the top of the loading chamber 1. The loading surface 5 of the airbag wall expands downward along the direction defined by the corresponding guide structure and squeezes the water, driving the water to flow out from the water outlet 21. Figure 1 The solid arrows indicate the direction of water flow, while the hollow arrows indicate the direction of airbag movement. Because the airbag body remains located above the loading chamber 1 and the loading direction is constrained by the guide structure, the expansion profile and displacement of the loading surface 5 of the airbag wall are more stable and controllable, effectively avoiding disordered airbag inflation and lateral extrusion.

[0027] A space is maintained between the first airbag 3 and the second airbag 4. A sensor module 8 is installed within this space, with its measuring end extending into or facing the water in the loading chamber 1. This sensor module 8 is used to monitor local pressure, flow velocity, water level, or temperature in real time during the loading process. Because the sensor module 8 is positioned between adjacent airbags and close to the loading area, its detection results can more accurately reflect changes in local hydraulic parameters within the loading chamber 1. The space can also be used to arrange cable channels, sampling channels, or operating windows, facilitating the cable routing of the sensor module and subsequent maintenance. Based on the target flow velocity, target pressure, target water level, or flow field feedback, the sensor module 8 provides real-time data to the controller 19, which then adjusts the inflation volume, inflation pressure, opening sequence, and deflation status of each airbag.

[0028] Multiple guide structures on the top of the loading chamber 1 can form a two-dimensional array along the length and width directions. Multiple airbags are installed in the corresponding guide structures. Sensor modules 8 can be arranged in the space between adjacent airbags to form a two-dimensional array structure that integrates loading and detection. It is suitable for wide loading chambers or test scenarios that require monitoring of lateral pressure distribution.

[0029] The number, spacing, and size of the airbags can be determined based on the cross-sectional dimensions of the loading chamber 1, the target flow rate, and the sensor module layout requirements. Multiple airbags can be arranged in a single row along the length of the loading chamber 1, or in multiple rows along both the length and width directions, to adapt to different scales of hydraulic test scenarios. The airbags can be made of single-layer elastic membranes, multi-layer composite membranes, fiber-reinforced rubber membranes, or airbags with corrugated folded structures. Cylindrical, square, or segmented pipe guide structures can be set on the outer periphery of the airbags to adapt to different target expansion directions and strokes, ensuring stable expansion of the airbag wall loading surface 5 in the predetermined direction while reducing local stress concentration in the airbags.

[0030] The loading assembly includes an air source assembly 9, a pressure stabilizing and distribution assembly, and a valve control assembly. The pressure stabilizing and distribution assembly includes a main air inlet pipe, a pressure stabilizing tank 11, a pressure stabilizing manifold 12, a first branch air pipe 13, and a second branch air pipe 14. The outlet of the air source assembly 9 is connected to the main air inlet pipe, which is connected to the pressure stabilizing tank 11. The pressure stabilizing tank 11 is connected to the pressure stabilizing manifold 12. The pressure stabilizing manifold 12 is connected to the inlet and outlet ports of the first airbag 3 and the second airbag 4 via the first branch air pipe 13 and the second branch air pipe 14, respectively. The pressure stabilizing tank 11 buffers pressure fluctuations in the air source assembly 9. The pressure stabilizing manifold 12 evenly distributes the stabilized gas to each branch air pipe, ensuring a stable air supply pressure for the first airbag 3 and the second airbag 4. Exhaust pipes are provided on the first branch air pipe 13 and the second branch air pipe 14 for independent exhaust of each airbag. Because each airbag corresponds to an independent branch air pipe and exhaust pipe, each airbag can independently control its inflation and deflation states.

[0031] The valve control assembly includes a main intake valve 10 on the main intake pipe, a first branch intake valve 15 on the first branch intake pipe 13, a second branch intake valve 16 on the second branch intake pipe 14, a first branch exhaust valve 17 on the first branch exhaust pipe, a second branch exhaust valve 18 on the second branch exhaust pipe, and a drain valve 22 at the water outlet 21. By controlling each valve, the first airbag 3 and the second airbag 4 can be simultaneously inflated and deflated, or the two airbags can be independently inflated and deflated to meet the loading requirements under different test conditions.

[0032] The main intake valve, branch intake valves, branch exhaust valves, and drain valves can be solenoid valves, proportional valves, or servo valves to meet control requirements with different precision and response speeds.

[0033] The top multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device also includes a controller 19. The controller 19 establishes communication connections with the sensor module 8, the main intake valve 10, the first branch intake valve 15, the second branch intake valve 16, the first branch exhaust valve 17, the second branch exhaust valve 18, and the drain valve 22, respectively. Figure 1 The dashed line indicates the establishment of a communication connection. Based on the pressure, flow rate, water level, or temperature signals fed back by the sensor module 8, the controller 19 automatically calculates and outputs opening and closing commands for each valve, achieving automated closed-loop control of the loading device. When the sensor module 8 detects that the pressure or flow rate in a certain area deviates from the target value, the controller 19 can individually adjust the branch inlet valve or branch outlet valve of the corresponding airbag to compensate for that area without affecting the loading status of other areas.

[0034] Sensor module 8 includes a pressure sensor, an ultrasonic flow velocity probe, a fiber optic sensor, a temperature probe, and a water level probe. Sensor module 8 is positioned within the installation gap between the first airbag 3 and the second airbag 4, with its measuring end extending into the water within the loading chamber 1 to collect local pressure and flow velocity data in real time during the loading process. Sensor module 8 can be flexibly selected according to the detection requirements of different test parameters, satisfying multi-dimensional detection needs such as pressure, flow velocity, water level, temperature, and flow field visualization.

[0035] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for operating a top-mounted multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device, including the following steps: Close the drain valve 22 of loading chamber 1 and the first branch exhaust valve 17 and the second branch exhaust valve 18, inject a predetermined volume of water into loading chamber 1, confirm that the first airbag 3 and the second airbag 4 are both in a contracted state, and confirm that the sensor module 8 is in a data acquisition state.

[0036] The controller 19 opens the main air intake valve 10 and the selected first branch air intake valve 15 and second branch air intake valve 16. Compressed gas enters the pressure stabilizing tank 11 from the air source assembly 9 via the main air intake pipe. After being buffered by the pressure stabilizing tank 11, it enters the pressure stabilizing manifold 12, and then enters the first airbag 3 and the second airbag 4 via the first branch air pipe 13 and the second branch air pipe 14, respectively. As the gas volume inside the airbag increases, the airbag body remains above the loading chamber 1 under the buoyancy of the water. The loading surface 5 of the airbag wall expands steadily downward along the direction defined by the guide structure, and directly applies pressure to the water below it.

[0037] The controller 19 reads the pressure signals of the first branch air tube 13 and the second branch air tube 14 and the detection data of the sensor module 8, and simultaneously monitors the displacement or shape of the first airbag 3 and the second airbag 4; it replenishes or deflates airbags with large pressure, displacement or shape deviations individually, so that the first airbag 3 and the second airbag 4 reach the preset pressure balance and shape stability conditions.

[0038] The controller 19 opens the drain valve 22, and the water in the loading chamber 1 flows out from the water outlet 21 under the stable air pressure of the first airbag 3 and the second airbag 4, and enters the return assembly 23. Since the main body of the airbag is continuously located above the loading chamber 1 and the loading direction is constrained by the guide structure, the water pressure process is continuous and stable, which helps to reduce large-scale tumbling and local swirling.

[0039] Based on the flow rate, pressure, water level, or temperature data fed back by the sensor module 8, the controller 19 adjusts the inflation and deflation volume of the first airbag 3 and the second airbag 4 in real time to maintain the stability of the water flow rate, pressure, and airbag expansion profile; when a local pressure deviation occurs in a certain area, only the airbag in the corresponding area is adjusted to avoid additional disturbances in unrelated areas.

[0040] Close the first branch air intake valve 15 and the second branch air intake valve 16, open the first branch exhaust valve 17 and the second branch exhaust valve 18, and the first airbag 3 and the second airbag 4 exhaust and contract; the water pressure in the loading chamber 1 returns to the initial state, and the airbag array waits for the next loading cycle.

[0041] The controller 19 supports synchronous control mode, group control mode and closed-loop control mode.

[0042] In synchronous control mode, the controller 19 simultaneously opens the first branch air intake valve 15 and the second branch air intake valve 16, controlling the first airbag 3 and the second airbag 4 to inflate simultaneously, so as to provide a uniform loading force, which is suitable for test conditions where the loading chamber 1 is subjected to uniform pressure.

[0043] In the group control mode, the controller 19 controls the airbags at the water inlet 20, the middle area of ​​the loading chamber 1 and the water outlet 21 to inflate in a preset sequence. By inflating in sequence, the impact of water flow start-up is reduced, which is suitable for test conditions that need to simulate the gradual loading process.

[0044] In closed-loop control mode, the controller 19 adjusts the opening of the first branch intake valve 15 and the first branch exhaust valve 17 corresponding to the first airbag 3 or the second branch intake valve 16 and the second branch exhaust valve 18 corresponding to the second airbag 4 according to the pressure or flow rate deviation between adjacent airbags detected by the sensor module 8, so as to perform zoned compensation adjustment for local flow fluctuations or pressure losses.

[0045] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A top-mounted multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device, characterized in that, include: A loading chamber and a loading component, wherein one end of the loading chamber is provided with a water inlet and the other end is provided with a water outlet; The loading chamber is provided with multiple guide structures, which are located on the top of the loading chamber and spaced apart along the length of the loading chamber. Multiple airbags are provided on the top of the loading chamber and are arranged on the guide structures. Each airbag has a downward-expanding loading surface on its wall facing the water. The air inlet and outlet of each airbag are connected to the loading component. After the airbag is inflated, the top of the airbag is always in contact with the top of the loading chamber under the action of buoyancy of the water and the top fixing structure. The loading surface of the airbag wall expands towards the water in the direction defined by the guide structures and squeezes the water, driving the water to flow out from the water outlet.

2. The top multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A space is maintained between adjacent guide structures, and a sensor module is installed in the space.

3. The top multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The loading component includes a gas source component, a pressure stabilizing and distribution component, and a valve control component; the pressure stabilizing and distribution component includes a main air inlet pipe, a pressure stabilizing tank, a pressure stabilizing manifold, and branch air pipes, and the gas source component, the main air inlet pipe, the pressure stabilizing tank, the pressure stabilizing manifold, and the branch air pipes are connected in sequence.

4. The top multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The number of branch air tubes is the same as the number of airbags, and each branch air tube is also equipped with an exhaust pipe.

5. The top multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The valve control assembly includes a main intake valve installed on the main intake pipe, a branch intake valve installed on the branch intake pipe, a branch exhaust valve installed on the exhaust pipe, and a drain valve installed at the water outlet.

6. The top multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a control component, which communicates with the sensor module, the main intake valve, the branch intake valve, the branch exhaust valve, and the drain valve, respectively.

7. The top multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The airbag is sealed to the top of the loading chamber, thus isolating the gas inside the airbag from the water inside the loading chamber.

8. A top-mounted multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The sensor module includes a pressure sensor, an ultrasonic flow velocity probe, a fiber optic sensor, a temperature probe, and a water level probe.

9. The operating method of a top multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device as described in any one of claims 2-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Close the drain valve of the loading chamber and the exhaust valves of each branch, inject a predetermined volume of water into the loading chamber, confirm that the top airbag array is in a contracted state, and confirm that the sensor modules between adjacent airbags are in a data-collecting state. The control unit opens the main air intake valve and the selected branch air intake valve, and the compressed gas enters multiple top airbags through the pressure regulating manifold; as the gas volume inside the airbag increases, the airbag is held in the upper part of the loading chamber by the buoyancy of the water and the action of the top fixing structure, and the loading surface of the airbag wall expands steadily downward along the direction defined by the guide structure, and directly applies pressure to the water below it. The control component reads the pressure of the branch air tubes of each airbag and the data of the sensor modules between airbags, and monitors the displacement or shape of the airbags at the same time; it replenishes or deflates airbags with large deviations in pressure, displacement or shape, so that multiple airbags reach the preset pressure balance and shape stability conditions. Open the drain valve or the test section inlet valve, and the water in the loading chamber will flow out from the water outlet and into the water receiving tray under the stable pressure of the top multi-airbag array; Based on feedback from flow rate, pressure, water level, temperature, or airbag shape, the control components adjust the inflation and deflation volume of each airbag in real time; when local compensation is required, only the airbags in the corresponding area are adjusted. Close the intake valves of each branch and open the exhaust valves of each branch. Multiple top airbags exhaust and contract; the water pressure in the return water or loading chamber returns to its initial state, and the airbag array waits for the next loading cycle.

10. The operating method of the top multi-airbag array pneumatic loading device as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The control component supports synchronous control mode, group control mode and closed-loop control mode; In the synchronous control mode, the control component controls multiple airbags to inflate simultaneously to provide an overall loading force; In the group control mode, the control component controls the airbags at the water inlet, the middle area of ​​the loading chamber, and the water outlet to inflate sequentially according to a preset time sequence; In the closed-loop control mode, the control component adjusts the valve control component corresponding to the airbag based on the pressure or flow rate deviation detected by the sensor module between adjacent airbags.

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