Ion mobility component sensing system and method based on a multi-channel receiving array

Abstract

The application discloses an ion migration component sensing system and method based on a multi-channel receiving array, and relates to the technical field of ion online monitoring.The application injects a stable target detection ion flow into a detection channel, collects ion current signals of each detection channel, performs cross-correlation calculation on the receiving signals and a pseudo-random sequence to generate an ion fingerprint spectrum, introduces a to-be-detected water flow into a differential ion fingerprint spectrum analysis area after ionization, sets a scanning compensation voltage to make ions with different migration rates obtain different lateral shifts due to differences in spatial deflection angles, independently performs secondary or multiple ion migration analysis on the entering ion components by each receiving channel, sequentially introduces the ions in each stable receiving channel into a collision reaction cell, records ion current signals in a preset electric field environment, and obtains a detection migration spectrum by cross-correlation with a modulation sequence, extracts the detection migration spectrum to match the ion fingerprint spectrum, and identifies ion types of each channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of online ion monitoring technology, and more specifically to an ion migration component sensing system and method based on a multi-channel receiving array. Background Technology

[0002] Ion fingerprinting, as one of the core technologies for rapid detection of trace substances, has been widely used in environmental water quality monitoring, industrial wastewater source tracing, and other fields, enabling rapid qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of ionic components in water bodies. Existing conventional ion fingerprinting detection methods mostly employ a single-channel pulsed sampling mode, with ion duty cycles generally below 1%, limiting the detection signal-to-noise ratio and resulting in insufficient detection capability for trace pollutants at the μg / L level in water bodies, making it difficult to meet the actual needs of in-depth monitoring of industrial park tailwater.

[0003] Meanwhile, traditional differential ion fingerprinting relies solely on a single transverse electric field deflection for spatial separation. This results in insufficient separation for similar components with mobility differences less than 0.05 cm² / (V・s), easily leading to overlapping co-migration peaks and directly increasing qualitative errors. Furthermore, existing detection methods often use single migration time as the qualitative basis, lacking molecular structure-level feature evidence. This leads to high misclassification rates when dealing with structurally similar ions such as homologs and isomers, and they cannot simultaneously acquire spatial distribution information of ions in the water flow cross-section, making it difficult to support refined and gridded monitoring of the aquatic environment. Therefore, developing a multi-channel ion migration component sensing technology with high sensitivity, high separation, and high recognition accuracy is a pressing technical problem in the field of online water quality monitoring. This paper proposes an ion migration component sensing system and method based on a multi-channel receiving array. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ion migration composition sensing system and method based on a multi-channel receiving array to address the shortcomings in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The ion migration composition sensing method based on a multi-channel receiving array includes the following steps: Step S1: Deploy multiple detection channels, each equipped with a high-speed analog switch that opens and closes in a continuous pseudo-random sequence to inject a stable target detection ion flow into the detection channel. All detection channels maintain the same electric field environment, and a known neutral molecule is introduced into the rear section of the migration region to form a collision reaction cell. When the monomer ion is driven into the collision reaction cell by the electric field, it collides with the neutral molecule and induces dissociation, generating characteristic fragment ions. Collect the ion current signal of each detection channel, and perform cross-correlation calculation between the received signal and the pseudo-random sequence to generate an ion fingerprint spectrum. Step S2: Arrange a ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array perpendicular to the direction of the detected water flow. After the water flow to be tested is ionized, it is passed into the differential ion fingerprint spectrum analysis area. By setting the scanning compensation voltage, ions with different mobility will obtain different lateral offsets due to the difference in spatial deflection angle, and then be guided to different receiving channels of the ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array to complete the spatial separation based on mobility. Step S3: Each receiving channel independently performs secondary or multiple ion migration analyses on the incoming ion components. If multiple ions are present in the receiving channel, they are allowed to continue to migrate differentially in the series migration field and further separated to the downstream sub-channels until ion separation no longer occurs in each end receiving channel. Step S4: Ions from each stable receiving channel are sequentially introduced into a collision reaction cell containing the same neutral molecules. Ion current signals are recorded in a preset electric field environment and cross-correlated with the modulation sequence to obtain a detection migration spectrum. Feature fragment peak combinations in the detection migration spectrum are extracted and matched with the ion fingerprint spectrum to accurately identify the ion types of each channel. By combining the identification results of all receiving channels, the ion components in the detected water flow are analyzed.

[0006] Furthermore, multiple detection channels are deployed, each equipped with a high-speed analog switch that opens and closes in a continuous pseudo-random sequence to inject a stable target ion flow into the detection channel. The process of maintaining the same electric field environment in all channels includes: Set up p detection channels with identical structures, where p is a natural number greater than 16. All detection channels are arranged at equal intervals along a straight line. Each detection channel has a set of high-speed analog switches integrated at its entrance. Each high-speed analog switch is assigned an independent control signal path to generate a continuous pseudo-random sequence. The generated continuous pseudo-random sequence is used as a control signal and synchronously input to all high-speed analog switches. The control switches complete the opening and closing actions according to the high and low levels of the sequence symbols, thereby realizing pseudo-random coding modulation of the target detection ion flow. A stable target detection ion flow is synchronously injected into all detection channels. Before injection, the target detection ion flow passes through a uniform focusing structure and a splitter. The injected target detection ions are standard ions of a single known species, which are used for the construction of subsequent ion fingerprint spectra.

[0007] Furthermore, a collision reaction cell composed of known neutral molecules is introduced in the latter part of the migration region. When monomeric ions are driven into the collision reaction cell by an electric field, they collide with neutral molecules and induce dissociation, generating characteristic fragment ions. The process of collecting ion current signals from each detection channel and cross-correlating the received signals with a pseudo-random sequence to generate an ion fingerprint spectrum includes: A collision reaction cell is integrated at the rear of the migration zone of each detection channel. The collision reaction cell is coaxially connected to the migration zone, and a known type of neutral molecule is continuously introduced into the collision reaction cell as a reaction gas. When the target ion is driven by the electric field of the migration region and enters the collision reaction cell at a constant drift velocity, it will frequently collide with the neutral molecules in the cell. An accelerating electrode and an ion lens are set at the outlet of the collision reaction cell to focus the kinetic energy and calibrate the direction of the generated fragment ions, ensuring that all fragment ions enter the subsequent signal acquisition area along the channel axis. Ion current signals of each channel are collected at the end of each detection channel. The sampling rate is set to more than twice the pseudo-random sequence symbol rate. The received ion current signals are cross-correlated with the pseudo-random sequence. The ion fingerprint spectrum of the corresponding target ion is finally generated through cross-correlation operation. All spectral peaks are sorted in ascending order of migration time to form a characteristic fragment peak combination. Multidimensional feature parameters of the characteristic fragment peak combination are extracted, and the multidimensional feature parameters are defined as the ion fingerprint spectrum of the corresponding target ion.

[0008] Furthermore, the process of arranging a ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array perpendicular to the direction of the detected water flow, ionizing the water flow to be tested, and then introducing it into the differential quantum fingerprint analysis region includes: A ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array is arranged along the cross-sectional direction perpendicular to the detected water flow. The ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array contains q independent receiving channels. Each receiving channel contains an ion receiving electrode and a shielded signal lead-out line, where q is a natural number greater than 32. The differential ion fingerprint analysis area is a cylindrical sealed cavity, which is divided into an ionization zone, a buffer zone, and a migration separation zone along the water flow axis. An ion gate is set between the ionization zone and the migration separation zone. The migration separation zone is equipped with two sets of parallel electrodes that are perpendicular to each other, providing an axial migration electric field and a transverse compensation electric field, respectively. The migration electric field is a constant DC electric field that drives ions to migrate forward along the axial direction. The compensation electric field is a transverse electric field perpendicular to the direction of the migration electric field, that is, the electric field corresponding to the scanning compensation voltage, which is used to cause ions with different mobilities to produce differentiated transverse deflection.

[0009] Furthermore, by setting a scanning compensation voltage, ions with different mobilities are caused to undergo different lateral shifts due to differences in spatial deflection angles, and are then guided to different receiving channels of the ring multi-channel receiving array, completing the mobility-based spatial separation process, which includes: When a linearly scanning compensation voltage is applied to the compensation electric field, the ions in the migration separation zone are simultaneously subjected to the axial migration electric field and the transverse compensation electric field. The trajectory of the ions is the result of the combination of the two directions of motion. Ions with different mobility experience different electric forces in the transverse electric field, resulting in different transverse deflection accelerations, which ultimately lead to different transverse offsets of the ions. Based on the circumferential position of each channel of the ring multi-channel receiving array, the lateral offset range of the ions corresponding to each channel is pre-calibrated using standard ions. When the ions complete axial migration and reach the array cross section, ions with different mobility fall into the corresponding receiving channels due to their different lateral offsets, thus completing spatial separation based on mobility.

[0010] Furthermore, the process of each receiving channel independently performing secondary or multiple ion migration analyses on the incoming ion components includes: Each receiving channel of the ring multi-channel receiving array is independently connected to a set of series migration field architectures downstream. The structural parameters and electric field environment of all series migration fields are kept completely consistent to ensure the uniformity of the separation conditions of each receiving channel. Each series migration field adopts a multi-level cascaded tree-like flow distribution structure, with a maximum of 5 cascade levels. Each migration unit includes a migration electric field region, an ion deflection and guiding region, and a sub-channel flow distribution port. Multiple sets of annular shimming electrodes are set inside each migration electric field region. The ion deflection and guiding region is set at the end of each migration electric field region, including a set of symmetrical deflection electrodes and electrostatic ion guiding lenses. The deflection electrodes can apply nanosecond-level instantaneous pulse voltage to apply a precise lateral deflection force to the ions that reach the end and guide them to the corresponding downstream sub-channel. When ions in the receiving channel enter the first-stage series migration field, they drift along the axis under the drive of the uniform migration electric field. Different types of ions have different drift velocities due to their different mobility, which is called differential migration. The time it takes for them to reach the end of the migration region is different. At the end of each migration electric field region, the ion deflection and guiding region applies an instantaneous deflection voltage in the corresponding direction to ions arriving at different times according to a preset time shunting window. The ions that arrive earlier are guided to the downstream sub-channel on one side, and the ions that arrive later are guided to the downstream sub-channel on the other side, thus completing one ion separation and sub-channel shunting. If the ion composition in a downstream subchannel still contains multiple types of mixtures, the ions in that subchannel will continue to enter the next stage of series migration field and repeat the above differential migration and splitting process. If the downstream subchannel contains a single component or an inseparable mixture, the subsequent grading of that receiving channel is terminated, and the process proceeds directly to the next detection stage.

[0011] Furthermore, if the receiving channel contains multiple ions, they are allowed to continue differential migration in the series migration field, further separating into downstream sub-channels, until ion separation no longer occurs in each terminal receiving channel. This process includes: For each downstream sub-channel after each diversion, ion separation phenomenon is determined. The determination period is consistent with the ion migration period. Ion migration signals are collected continuously for 3 periods for comprehensive determination. When all receiving channels have completed the determination and there are no more channels that can be separated, or when the maximum number of cascade stages has been reached, the multi-stage separation process is terminated. At this time, all terminal receiving channels are stable receiving channels with pure components. All stable receiving channels are uniformly numbered, and the position of the upstream ring array channel and the number of cascade stages passed through each stable receiving channel are recorded.

[0012] Furthermore, the process of sequentially introducing ions from each stable receiving channel into a collision reaction cell containing the same neutral molecules, recording the ion current signal in a preset electric field environment, and cross-correlating it with the modulation sequence to obtain the detection mobility spectrum includes: Ions from each stable receiving channel are sequentially introduced into a unified collision reaction cell. After entering the collision reaction cell, the ions collide with neutral molecules in the cell under the drive of a constant electric field, inducing dissociation and generating corresponding characteristic fragment ions. The fragment ions drift through the migration region and reach the end detector, where the corresponding ion current signal is collected. For the ion current signal acquired by each stable receiving channel, cross-correlation calculation is performed. The received signal is cross-correlated with a pseudo-random sequence to generate the detection migration spectrum of the corresponding receiving channel. Peak identification and parameter fitting are performed on the detection migration spectrum. Feature parameters of each effective peak are extracted, including peak migration time, peak height, peak area, and full width at half maximum. All effective peaks are sorted in ascending order of migration time to form a combination of characteristic fragment peaks of the ions in the corresponding receiving channel. At the same time, the migration time ratio and peak area ratio of adjacent peaks are calculated as auxiliary matching features to increase the matching dimension and improve the accuracy and anti-interference ability of the matching.

[0013] Furthermore, the process of extracting characteristic fragment peak combinations from the detection migration spectrum, matching them with the ion fingerprint spectrum, accurately identifying the ion types in each channel, and synthesizing the identification results from all receiving channels to analyze the ion composition and relative distribution in the detected water flow includes: The extracted feature fragment peaks are combined and matched with the ion fingerprint spectrum one by one to obtain the corresponding similarity value. Based on the similarity value, the ions in the corresponding stable receiving channel are determined to be the corresponding standard ion species. After the ion species discrimination of all stable receiving channels is completed, the distribution of different ions in each region of the ring array is statistically analyzed in combination with the spatial position of the ring array corresponding to each stable receiving channel. The peak area of ​​each ion is calculated as a percentage of the total peak area to obtain the relative content of each ion component. Finally, the identification results of all receiving channels are combined to output a complete list of ion components in the detected water flow, the relative concentration percentage of each component, and the lateral spatial distribution data of ion components in the water flow cross section, thus completing the overall ion component perception.

[0014] An ion migration composition sensing system based on a multi-channel receiving array includes an ion fingerprint spectrum construction module, an ion migration control module, and an ion composition sensing module. The ion fingerprint spectrum construction module is used to deploy multiple detection channels. Each detection channel is equipped with a high-speed analog switch that opens and closes in a continuous pseudo-random sequence to inject a stable target detection ion flow into the detection channel. All detection channels maintain the same electric field environment, and a known neutral molecule is introduced into the rear section of the migration region to form a collision reaction cell. When the monomer ion is driven into the collision reaction cell by the electric field, it collides with the neutral molecule and induces dissociation, generating characteristic fragment ions. The ion current signal of each detection channel is collected, and the received signal is cross-correlated with the pseudo-random sequence to generate an ion fingerprint spectrum. The ion migration control module is used to arrange a ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array along the direction perpendicular to the detected water flow. After the water flow to be tested is ionized, it is passed into the differential ion fingerprint spectrum analysis area. By setting the scanning compensation voltage, ions with different mobility rates are made to obtain different lateral offsets due to the difference in spatial deflection angle, and then they are guided to different receiving channels of the ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array to complete spatial separation based on mobility. Each receiving channel independently performs secondary or multiple ion migration analyses on the incoming ion components. If there are multiple ions in the receiving channel, they are allowed to continue to migrate differentially in the series migration field and further separated to the downstream sub-channels until no ion separation phenomenon occurs in each end receiving channel. The ion composition sensing module is used to sequentially introduce ions from each stable receiving channel into a collision reaction cell containing the same neutral molecules, record the ion current signal in a preset electric field environment, and obtain the detection migration spectrum by cross-correlation with the modulation sequence. The module extracts the characteristic fragment peak combination in the detection migration spectrum, matches it with the ion fingerprint spectrum, accurately identifies the ion type of each channel, and analyzes the ion composition in the detected water flow by combining the identification results of all receiving channels.

[0015] The technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention in the above technical solution are as follows: 1. This invention utilizes a pseudo-random modulation cross-correlation detection mechanism, combined with a two-dimensional separation architecture of ring multi-channel spatial separation and multi-level serial differential migration, to efficiently separate complex components with similar mobility, thereby improving detection peak capacity and separation degree and effectively reducing co-migration interference.

[0016] 2. This invention introduces a collision-induced dissociation ion fingerprint spectrum matching method, which achieves qualitative ion identification through the combination of characteristic fragment peaks, breaking through the identification limitations of a single migration time feature and effectively improving the identification accuracy of structurally similar ions; at the same time, it can simultaneously output spatial distribution data of ions in the water flow cross section, adapting to pipeline online monitoring scenarios and providing data support for refined management and control of the water environment. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a system block diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 As shown, the ion migration composition sensing method based on a multi-channel receiving array includes the following steps: Step S1: Deploy multiple detection channels, each equipped with a high-speed analog switch that opens and closes in a continuous pseudo-random sequence to inject a stable target detection ion flow into the detection channel. All detection channels maintain the same electric field environment, and a known neutral molecule is introduced into the rear section of the migration region to form a collision reaction cell. When the monomer ion is driven into the collision reaction cell by the electric field, it collides with the neutral molecule and induces dissociation, generating characteristic fragment ions. Collect the ion current signal of each detection channel, and perform cross-correlation calculation between the received signal and the pseudo-random sequence to generate an ion fingerprint spectrum. Step S2: Arrange a ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array perpendicular to the direction of the detected water flow. After the water flow to be tested is ionized, it is passed into the differential ion fingerprint spectrum analysis area. By setting the scanning compensation voltage, ions with different mobility will obtain different lateral offsets due to the difference in spatial deflection angle, and then be guided to different receiving channels of the ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array to complete the spatial separation based on mobility. Step S3: Each receiving channel independently performs secondary or multiple ion migration analyses on the incoming ion components. If multiple ions are present in the receiving channel, they are allowed to continue to migrate differentially in the series migration field and further separated to the downstream sub-channels until ion separation no longer occurs in each end receiving channel. Step S4: Ions from each stable receiving channel are sequentially introduced into a collision reaction cell containing the same neutral molecules. Ion current signals are recorded in a preset electric field environment and cross-correlated with the modulation sequence to obtain a detection migration spectrum. Feature fragment peak combinations in the detection migration spectrum are extracted and matched with the ion fingerprint spectrum to accurately identify the ion types of each channel. By combining the identification results of all receiving channels, the ion components in the detected water flow are analyzed.

[0022] Furthermore, step S1 is implemented through the following process: Step S101: Deploy multiple detection channels, each equipped with a high-speed analog switch that opens and closes in a continuous pseudo-random sequence to inject a stable target ion flow into the detection channel. All channels maintain the same electric field environment, and a known neutral molecule is introduced into the latter part of the migration region to form a collision reaction cell. The specific process includes: Set up p detection channels with completely identical structures, where p is a natural number greater than 16. All detection channels are arranged at equal intervals along a straight line. Metal shielding partitions are set between channels to ensure that the electric fields between channels do not interfere with each other and the electromagnetic isolation is better than 60dB. A set of high-speed analog switches is integrated at the entrance of each detection channel. The high-speed analog switches adopt a solid-state semiconductor switch structure and the switching response time does not exceed 10ns. Each high-speed analog switch is assigned an independent control signal path, and all control signals are output synchronously from the same timing generator to ensure that the timing control accuracy of all switches has a synchronization error of less than 1ns. It should be noted that the internal cross-sectional dimensions of the migration zone cavity of all detection channels are completely identical, and the total length of the migration zone is set to 8cm~12cm. Multiple sets of uniform field electrode rings are set at both ends of the migration zone. A uniform DC electric field is provided by a high-precision regulated power supply. The electric field strength deviation of all detection channels is controlled within ±0.5%, ensuring that all detection channels maintain the same electric field environment and reducing systematic errors between detection channels. A continuous pseudo-random sequence is generated and synchronously input to all high-speed analog switches as a control signal. The control switches open and close according to the high and low levels of the sequence symbols. When the level is high, the switch is on and ions are allowed to pass through. When the level is low, the switch is off and the ion path is blocked, thereby realizing pseudo-random coding modulation of the target detection ion flow. A stable target detection ion current is synchronously injected into all detection channels. This current is generated by an ion source, which may employ an electrospray ionization source or an atmospheric pressure glow discharge ionization source. The output flow rate fluctuation of the ion source is controlled within ±2%, and the ion concentration stability is better than ±3%. Before injection, the ion current passes through a uniform focusing structure and a flow divider to ensure consistent ion current intensity entering each detection channel. The initial intensity deviation between channels is less than 5%. The injected target detection ions are single, known standard ions used for subsequent ion fingerprinting. The initial kinetic energy dispersion of the ions is less than 0.1 eV, ensuring consistent initial ion motion states. Compared to traditional pulsed ion fingerprinting, the pseudo-random modulation cross-correlation method can increase the ion duty cycle from less than 1% to 50% without reducing resolution, and improve the detection signal-to-noise ratio by more than an order of magnitude, effectively detecting trace ions at low concentrations.

[0023] Step S102: When monomer ions are driven into the collision reaction cell by an electric field, they collide with neutral molecules and induce dissociation, generating characteristic fragment ions. Ion current signals from each detection channel are collected, and the received signals are cross-correlated with a pseudo-random sequence to generate an ion fingerprint spectrum. The specific process includes: A collision reaction cell is integrated at the rear of the migration zone of each detection channel. The collision reaction cell is coaxially connected to the migration zone, and a known type of neutral molecule is continuously introduced into the collision reaction cell as a reaction gas. When the target ion is driven by the electric field of the migration region and enters the collision reaction cell at a constant drift velocity, it will frequently collide with the neutral molecules in the cell. Under the action of collision energy, collision-induced dissociation will occur, the chemical bonds of the ion will break in a regular manner, and a variety of characteristic fragment ions with molecular structure specificity will be generated. Different types of target ions have different molecular structures, chemical bond energies, and spatial conformations, resulting in significant specific differences in dissociation sites and fragment ion types. The corresponding fragment ion combinations are unique and can be used as a characteristic basis for ion identification. An accelerating electrode and an ion lens are installed at the outlet of the collision reaction cell to focus the kinetic energy and calibrate the direction of the generated fragment ions, ensuring that all fragment ions enter the subsequent signal acquisition area along the channel axis. Ion current signals from each detection channel are acquired at the end of each channel, with the sampling rate set to at least twice the pseudo-random sequence symbol rate. The received ion current signals are then cross-correlated with the pseudo-random sequence. The formula for cross-correlation calculation is as follows: Where s(t) is a pseudo-random sequence, r(t) is the acquired ion current signal, τ is the time delay, T is the period length of the pseudo-random sequence, and R(τ) is the cross-correlation function value. The ion fingerprint spectrum of the corresponding target ion is finally generated through cross-correlation operation. The horizontal axis of the ion fingerprint spectrum is the ion migration time, and the vertical axis is the ion current intensity. Because characteristic fragment ions with different mass-to-charge ratios and spatial structures have different mobilities, their drift velocities differ under the same electric field, and their migration times vary. Therefore, multiple independent peaks will be formed in the ion fingerprint spectrum. All peaks are sorted in ascending order of migration time to form a combination of characteristic fragment peaks. Multidimensional feature parameters of the combination of characteristic fragment peaks are extracted, including the migration time, peak area, half-maximum width of each peak, as well as the migration time ratio and peak area ratio of adjacent peaks. This set of multidimensional feature parameters is defined as the ion fingerprint spectrum of the corresponding target ion.

[0024] Furthermore, step S2 is implemented through the following process: Step S201: Arrange a ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array perpendicular to the direction of the detected water flow, ionize the water flow to be tested, and then pass it into the differential quantum fingerprint analysis area. The specific process includes: A ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array is arranged along the cross-sectional direction perpendicular to the detected water flow. The ring array is circular in shape and is coaxially set with the conveying pipe of the detected water flow. The center of the array and the center of the pipe are strictly coincident to ensure the symmetry of the circumferential detection. The ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array contains q independent receiving channels, where q is a natural number greater than 32. All receiving channels are evenly distributed along the circumference of the ring array, and the circumferential angular interval of each receiving channel is completely equal. Each receiving channel includes an ion receiving electrode and a shielded signal lead-out line. The inner ring diameter of the ring array matches the inner diameter of the detection water flow pipe, and the outer ring diameter is set to 20mm~50mm according to the maximum ion deflection range, ensuring that all deflected ions can be captured by the corresponding receiving channel without detection blind spots. It should be noted that the layout direction of the ring multi-channel receiving array is strictly perpendicular to the axial flow direction of the detected water flow. That is, the detected water flow flows forward along the axial direction of the pipe. The ionized ions migrate axially in the differential mobility spectrum analysis area and are deflected laterally. Finally, spatial separation is achieved at the cross section where the ring array is located. Ions with different lateral offsets fall into the receiving channels at different circumferential positions. The differential ion fingerprint analysis area is a cylindrical sealed cavity, which is divided into an ionization zone, a buffer zone, and a migration separation zone along the water flow axis. High-purity nitrogen gas is continuously introduced into the cavity as a buffer gas. An ion gate is set between the ionization zone and the migration separation zone to control the injection timing of ion clusters. The opening and closing time accuracy of the ion gate is better than 0.1ms, which can realize narrow pulse ion cluster injection. The migration separation zone is equipped with two sets of parallel electrodes that are perpendicular to each other, providing an axial migration electric field and a transverse compensation electric field, respectively. The migration electric field is a constant DC electric field that drives ions to migrate forward along the axial direction. The compensation electric field is a transverse electric field perpendicular to the direction of the migration electric field, that is, the electric field corresponding to the scanning compensation voltage, which is used to cause differentiated transverse deflection of ions with different mobilities.

[0025] Step S202: By setting a scanning compensation voltage, ions with different mobilities are caused to undergo different lateral shifts due to differences in spatial deflection angles, and are then guided to different receiving channels of the ring multi-channel receiving array to complete spatial separation based on mobility. The specific process includes: A linear scanning compensation voltage is applied to the compensation electric field, with the scanning range set to -100V to +100V and the scanning step size to 0.1V. The scanning period is strictly synchronized with the ion gate injection period to ensure that each batch of injected ions is in the same compensation electric field environment. In the migration separation zone, ions are simultaneously subjected to the axial migration electric field and the transverse compensation electric field. The trajectory of the ions is the result of the combined motion in the two directions. Ions with different mobility experience different electric forces in the transverse electric field, resulting in different transverse deflection accelerations, which ultimately lead to different transverse offsets of the ions. The formula for calculating the lateral offset of the ions is: ; in This represents the lateral offset of the ions. For ion mobility, To compensate for the electric field strength, The axial length of the migration separation zone. Let be the axial drift velocity of the ion. It can be seen that under the same electric field environment and migration distance, the lateral displacement of the ion is positively correlated with its own mobility. The greater the difference in mobility, the more obvious the difference in lateral displacement, and the better the spatial separation effect. Based on the circumferential position of each channel of the ring multi-channel receiving array, the lateral offset range of the ions corresponding to each channel is pre-calibrated using standard ions with a calibration error of less than 0.05 mm. A correspondence table between channel number and offset range is established. When the ions complete axial migration and reach the array cross section, ions with different mobility rates fall into the corresponding receiving channels due to their different lateral offsets, thus completing spatial separation based on mobility. By continuously scanning the compensation voltage, ion separation and reception across the entire mobility range are achieved, covering the detection needs of most common water ions.

[0026] Furthermore, step S3 is implemented through the following process: Step S301: Each receiving channel independently performs secondary or multiple ion migration analyses on the incoming ion components. The specific process includes: Each receiving channel of the ring multi-channel receiving array is independently connected to a set of series migration field architectures downstream. The structural parameters and electric field environment of all series migration fields are kept completely consistent to ensure the uniformity of the separation conditions of each receiving channel. Each cascaded migration field adopts a multi-level cascaded tree-like current distribution structure, with a maximum of 5 cascaded levels. Each migration unit includes a migration electric field region, an ion deflection and guiding region, and a sub-channel current distribution port. The number of sub-channels in each level is twice the number of channels in the previous level. That is, the first level corresponds to 1 inlet channel and 2 sub-channels, the second level corresponds to 2 inlet channels and 4 sub-channels, and so on, with the last level being the 5th level with 32 sub-channels. The length of each migration electric field region is set to 3cm~6cm, and multiple sets of annular uniform electrodes are set inside to provide a stable DC migration electric field. The field strength can be independently adjusted, and the adjustment range is 800V / cm~2500V / cm. The ion deflection and guiding region is located at the end of each migration electric field region. It includes a set of symmetrical deflection electrodes and electrostatic ion guiding lenses. The deflection electrodes can apply nanosecond-level instantaneous pulse voltage to apply a precise lateral deflection force to the ions that arrive at the end and guide them to the corresponding downstream sub-channel. It should be noted that each stage of the tandem migration field has independent ion detection and judgment functions, which can monitor the ion composition in the channel in real time and automatically select whether to continue to the next stage of separation based on the complexity of the composition. It is not necessary for all channels to complete all 5 stages of migration. While ensuring the separation effect, the detection efficiency is greatly improved. The separation dimension of the multi-stage differential migration is orthogonal to the spatial separation dimension of the front-end differential migration. The combination of the two can realize two-dimensional ion separation, improve the separation capability of complex components, and avoid mutual interference of co-migrating ions. When ions in the receiving channel enter the first-stage series migration field, they drift axially under the drive of the uniform migration electric field. Different types of ions have different drift velocities due to their varying mobility, resulting in differential migration. Consequently, they arrive at the end of the migration region at different times. The relationship between ion mobility and drift velocity satisfies the classical ion migration formula: ; Where K is the ion mobility. Let E be the axial drift velocity of the ion and E be the migration electric field strength. Under a constant electric field, the higher the mobility of the ion, the faster the drift velocity and the shorter the time to reach the end of the migration region. The difference in mobility is the core principle of differential ion separation. At the end of each migration electric field region, the ion deflection and guiding region applies an instantaneous deflection voltage in the corresponding direction to ions arriving at different times according to a preset time shunting window. The ions that arrive earlier are guided to the downstream sub-channel on one side, and the ions that arrive later are guided to the downstream sub-channel on the other side, thus completing one ion separation and sub-channel shunting. The width of the time-splitting window is dynamically adjusted according to the migration time distribution of ions in the channel. The minimum time resolution can reach 0.1ms, which can separate ion components with a migration time difference greater than 0.1ms. The separation resolution is much higher than that of the front-end spatial separation stage. If the ion composition in a downstream subchannel still contains multiple types of mixtures, the ions in that subchannel will continue to enter the next stage of series migration field and repeat the above differential migration and splitting process. If the downstream subchannel contains a single component or an inseparable mixture, the subsequent grading of that receiving channel is terminated, and the process proceeds directly to the next detection stage. Through multi-stage series differential migration separation, the initially mixed ionic components can be gradually separated, significantly improving the resolution and peak capacity of ion separation.

[0027] Step S302: If the receiving channel contains multiple ions, allow them to continue differential migration in the series migration field, further separating them to downstream sub-channels, until ion separation no longer occurs in each end receiving channel. The specific process includes: For each downstream sub-channel after each diversion, ion separation phenomenon is judged. The judgment period is consistent with the ion migration period. Ion migration signals of 3 consecutive periods are collected for comprehensive judgment to avoid the random error of a single detection from affecting the judgment result. The criteria for determining the ion separation phenomenon are that two or more independent and valid spectral peaks can be identified in the ion fingerprint spectrum in the receiving channel, and the migration time difference between adjacent spectral peaks is greater than the time resolution of the current migration level, that is, there is room for further separation; if this condition is not met, it is determined that the ion separation phenomenon no longer occurs. The specific determination process is as follows: First, the ion current signal collected in the receiving channel is smoothed, denoised, and adaptively baseline corrected. The number of effective spectral peaks is extracted using the second derivative peak identification algorithm. If the number of spectral peaks is 1, and the relative deviation of the migration time of the spectral peaks is less than 0.5% and the relative deviation of the peak area is less than 3% within three consecutive detection cycles, then the receiving channel is determined to contain a single stable ion component. If the number of spectral peaks is greater than or equal to 2, but the migration time difference between adjacent spectral peaks is less than the current level of time resolution, and cannot be further separated by the existing series migration field, then it is determined to be an indivisible mixture. If the number of spectral peaks is greater than or equal to 2 and the migration time difference meets the separation conditions, then it is determined that there is still an ion separation phenomenon, and it is necessary to enter the next level of series migration field for further separation. When all receiving channels have completed the determination and there are no more channels that can be separated, or when the maximum number of cascade stages has been reached, the multi-stage separation process is terminated. At this time, all terminal receiving channels are stable receiving channels with pure components. All stable receiving channels are uniformly numbered, and the position of the upstream ring array channel and the number of cascade stages passed through each stable receiving channel are recorded.

[0028] Furthermore, step S4 is implemented through the following process: Step S401: Ions from each stable receiving channel are sequentially introduced into a collision reaction cell containing the same neutral molecules. Ion current signals are recorded in a preset electric field environment and cross-correlated with the modulation sequence to obtain the detection migration spectrum. The specific process includes: Ions from each stable receiving channel are sequentially introduced into a unified collision reaction cell. The structural parameters and operating conditions of the collision reaction cell are completely consistent with those of the collision reaction cell used to construct the fingerprint spectrum in step S1, including all parameters such as the type and concentration of neutral molecules, cell pressure, electric field strength, and temperature, to ensure absolute consistency of detection conditions, avoid peak shift caused by environmental differences, and ensure matching accuracy. During the ion introduction process, a combination of electric field focusing and airflow traction is used to efficiently transport ions in the stable receiving channel to the collision reaction cell. During the transmission process, the internal energy and composition of the ions do not change. After entering the collision reaction cell, the ions collide with neutral molecules in the cell under the drive of a constant electric field, inducing dissociation and generating corresponding characteristic fragment ions. After the fragment ions drift through the migration region, they reach the end detector, where the corresponding ion current signal is collected. The signal acquisition process adopts the same pseudo-random modulation method as step S1. The high-speed analog switch modulates the ion flow according to the same continuous pseudo-random sequence. The acquisition time covers at least two complete pseudo-random sequence cycles to ensure the accuracy of cross-correlation calculation. The detection of each stable receiving channel is repeated 3 times, and the average signal is used for subsequent calculations to further reduce the influence of random noise and improve the spectrum quality. For the ion current signal acquired by each stable receiving channel, perform the same cross-correlation calculation as in step S1. Cross-correlate the received signal with the pseudo-random sequence to generate the detection migration spectrum of the corresponding receiving channel. First, preprocess the detection migration spectrum by using wavelet transform to eliminate high-frequency random noise and then use adaptive iterative reweighted penalized least squares method for baseline correction to eliminate the interference of baseline drift on peak identification. The preprocessed detection migration spectrum is subjected to peak identification and parameter fitting. The characteristic parameters of each effective peak are extracted, including the peak migration time, peak height, peak area, and half peak width. All effective peaks are sorted in ascending order of migration time to form characteristic fragment peak combinations of ions in the corresponding receiving channel. At the same time, the migration time ratio and peak area ratio of adjacent peaks are calculated as auxiliary matching features to increase the matching dimension and improve the accuracy and anti-interference ability of matching. It should be noted that during the feature peak extraction process, noise peaks with a signal-to-noise ratio of less than 3 are removed, and only valid signal peaks are retained to avoid stray interference peaks affecting the matching results. For channels that are determined to be indivisible simple mixtures, their feature peak combinations are superpositions of multiple ion feature peaks. Subsequently, a multi-component fitting algorithm is used to separate and match the mixtures, thereby achieving simultaneous identification of the mixed components.

[0029] Step S402: Extract characteristic fragment peak combinations from the detection migration spectrum, match them with the ion fingerprint spectrum to accurately identify the ion types in each channel, and synthesize the identification results of all receiving channels to analyze the ion components and their relative distribution in the detected water flow. The specific process includes: The extracted feature fragment peak combinations are matched with each ion fingerprint spectrum one by one for similarity. The matching algorithm adopts the weighted cosine similarity algorithm, and weights are set for two types of features: migration time and peak area ratio. The migration time feature accounts for 70% of the weight, and the peak area ratio feature accounts for 30%. The similarity calculation formula is as follows:

[0030] Where Sim represents the similarity score. Cosine similarity of migration time features Cosine similarity to the peak area ratio feature; The similarity threshold is set to 0.9. When the similarity between the detected characteristic peak combination and a certain standard ion fingerprint spectrum is greater than or equal to 0.9, the ion in the corresponding stable receiving channel is determined to be the corresponding standard ion type. If the similarity is less than 0.9 and cannot be matched with any standard spectrum, it is determined to be an unrecorded ion and marked as an unknown component. For simple mixture channels, a multi-component superposition fitting method is adopted. The fingerprint spectra of multiple standard ions are superimposed in different proportions and matched with the detection spectrum. The combination with the smallest fitting residual is the ion component and relative proportion in the channel. After identifying the ion types of all stable receiving channels, the distribution of different ions in each region of the ring array is statistically analyzed by combining the spatial position of the ring array corresponding to each stable receiving channel. The proportion of the peak area of ​​each ion to the total peak area is calculated to obtain the relative content of each ion component. Finally, by combining the identification results of all receiving channels, a complete list of ion components in the detected water flow, the relative concentration ratio of each component, and the lateral spatial distribution data of ion components in the water flow cross section are output to complete the overall ion component perception.

[0031] Please see Figure 2 As shown, the ion migration composition sensing system based on a multi-channel receiving array includes an ion fingerprint spectrum construction module, an ion migration control module, and an ion composition sensing module. The ion fingerprint spectrum construction module is used to deploy multiple detection channels. Each detection channel is equipped with a high-speed analog switch that opens and closes in a continuous pseudo-random sequence to inject a stable target detection ion flow into the detection channel. All detection channels maintain the same electric field environment, and a known neutral molecule is introduced into the rear section of the migration region to form a collision reaction cell. When the monomer ion is driven into the collision reaction cell by the electric field, it collides with the neutral molecule and induces dissociation, generating characteristic fragment ions. The ion current signal of each detection channel is collected, and the received signal is cross-correlated with the pseudo-random sequence to generate an ion fingerprint spectrum. The ion migration control module is used to arrange a ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array along the direction perpendicular to the detected water flow. After the water flow to be tested is ionized, it is passed into the differential ion fingerprint spectrum analysis area. By setting the scanning compensation voltage, ions with different mobility rates are made to obtain different lateral offsets due to the difference in spatial deflection angle, and then they are guided to different receiving channels of the ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array to complete spatial separation based on mobility. Each receiving channel independently performs secondary or multiple ion migration analyses on the incoming ion components. If there are multiple ions in the receiving channel, they are allowed to continue to migrate differentially in the series migration field and further separated to the downstream sub-channels until no ion separation phenomenon occurs in each end receiving channel. The ion composition sensing module is used to sequentially introduce ions from each stable receiving channel into a collision reaction cell containing the same neutral molecules, record the ion current signal in a preset electric field environment, and obtain the detection migration spectrum by cross-correlation with the modulation sequence. The module extracts the characteristic fragment peak combination in the detection migration spectrum, matches it with the ion fingerprint spectrum, accurately identifies the ion type of each channel, and analyzes the ion composition in the detected water flow by combining the identification results of all receiving channels.

[0032] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for sensing ion migration components based on a multi-channel receiving array, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Deploy multiple detection channels, each equipped with a high-speed analog switch that opens and closes in a continuous pseudo-random sequence to inject a stable target detection ion flow into the detection channel. All detection channels maintain the same electric field environment, and a known neutral molecule is introduced into the rear section of the migration region to form a collision reaction cell. When the monomer ion is driven into the collision reaction cell by the electric field, it collides with the neutral molecule and induces dissociation, generating characteristic fragment ions. Collect the ion current signal of each detection channel, and perform cross-correlation calculation between the received signal and the pseudo-random sequence to generate an ion fingerprint spectrum. Step S2: Arrange a ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array perpendicular to the direction of the detected water flow. After the water flow to be tested is ionized, it is passed into the differential ion fingerprint spectrum analysis area. By setting the scanning compensation voltage, ions with different mobility will obtain different lateral offsets due to the difference in spatial deflection angle, and then be guided to different receiving channels of the ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array to complete the spatial separation based on mobility. Step S3: Each receiving channel independently performs secondary or multiple ion migration analyses on the incoming ion components. If multiple ions are present in the receiving channel, they are allowed to continue to migrate differentially in the series migration field and further separated to the downstream sub-channels until ion separation no longer occurs in each end receiving channel. Step S4: Ions from each stable receiving channel are sequentially introduced into a collision reaction cell containing the same neutral molecules. Ion current signals are recorded in a preset electric field environment and cross-correlated with the modulation sequence to obtain a detection migration spectrum. Feature fragment peak combinations in the detection migration spectrum are extracted and matched with the ion fingerprint spectrum to accurately identify the ion types of each channel. By combining the identification results of all receiving channels, the ion components in the detected water flow are analyzed.

2. The ion migration composition sensing method based on a multi-channel receiving array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of deploying multiple detection channels, each equipped with a high-speed analog switch that opens and closes in a continuous pseudo-random sequence, injecting a stable target ion flow into the detection channels, and maintaining the same electric field environment in all channels includes: Set up p detection channels with identical structures, where p is a natural number greater than 16. All detection channels are arranged at equal intervals along a straight line. Each detection channel has a set of high-speed analog switches integrated at its entrance. Each high-speed analog switch is assigned an independent control signal path to generate a continuous pseudo-random sequence. The generated continuous pseudo-random sequence is used as a control signal and synchronously input to all high-speed analog switches. The control switches complete the opening and closing actions according to the high and low levels of the sequence symbols, thereby realizing pseudo-random coding modulation of the target detection ion flow. A stable target detection ion flow is synchronously injected into all detection channels. Before injection, the target detection ion flow passes through a uniform focusing structure and a splitter. The injected target detection ions are standard ions of a single known species, which are used for the construction of subsequent ion fingerprint spectra.

3. The ion migration composition sensing method based on a multi-channel receiving array according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the latter part of the migration region, a collision reaction cell is formed by introducing known neutral molecules. When monomeric ions are driven into the collision reaction cell by an electric field, they collide with the neutral molecules and induce dissociation, generating characteristic fragment ions. The process of collecting ion current signals from each detection channel and cross-correlating the received signals with a pseudo-random sequence to generate an ion fingerprint spectrum includes: A collision reaction cell is integrated at the rear of the migration zone of each detection channel. The collision reaction cell is coaxially connected to the migration zone, and a known type of neutral molecule is continuously introduced into the collision reaction cell as a reaction gas. When the target ion is driven by the electric field of the migration region and enters the collision reaction cell at a constant drift velocity, it will frequently collide with the neutral molecules in the cell. An accelerating electrode and an ion lens are set at the outlet of the collision reaction cell to focus the kinetic energy and calibrate the direction of the generated fragment ions, ensuring that all fragment ions enter the subsequent signal acquisition area along the channel axis. Ion current signals of each channel are collected at the end of each detection channel. The sampling rate is set to more than twice the pseudo-random sequence symbol rate. The received ion current signals are cross-correlated with the pseudo-random sequence. The ion fingerprint spectrum of the corresponding target ion is finally generated through cross-correlation operation. All spectral peaks are sorted in ascending order of migration time to form a characteristic fragment peak combination. Multidimensional feature parameters of the characteristic fragment peak combination are extracted, and the multidimensional feature parameters are defined as the ion fingerprint spectrum of the corresponding target ion.

4. The ion migration composition sensing method based on a multi-channel receiving array according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of arranging a ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array perpendicular to the direction of the detected water flow, ionizing the water flow to be tested, and then introducing it into the differential quantum fingerprint analysis region includes: A ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array is arranged along the cross-sectional direction perpendicular to the detected water flow. The ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array contains q independent receiving channels. Each receiving channel contains an ion receiving electrode and a shielded signal lead-out line, where q is a natural number greater than 32. The differential ion fingerprint analysis area is a cylindrical sealed cavity, which is divided into an ionization zone, a buffer zone, and a migration separation zone along the water flow axis. An ion gate is set between the ionization zone and the migration separation zone. The migration separation zone is equipped with two sets of parallel electrodes that are perpendicular to each other, providing an axial migration electric field and a transverse compensation electric field, respectively. The migration electric field is a constant DC electric field that drives ions to migrate forward along the axial direction. The compensation electric field is a transverse electric field perpendicular to the direction of the migration electric field, that is, the electric field corresponding to the scanning compensation voltage, which is used to cause ions with different mobilities to produce differentiated transverse deflection.

5. The ion migration composition sensing method based on a multi-channel receiving array according to claim 4, characterized in that, By setting a scanning compensation voltage, ions with different mobilities are caused to undergo different lateral shifts due to differences in spatial deflection angles, and are then guided to different receiving channels of a ring multi-channel receiving array. The process of spatial separation based on mobility includes: When a linearly scanning compensation voltage is applied to the compensation electric field, the ions in the migration separation zone are simultaneously subjected to the axial migration electric field and the transverse compensation electric field. The trajectory of the ions is the result of the combination of the two directions of motion. Ions with different mobility experience different electric forces in the transverse electric field, resulting in different transverse deflection accelerations, which ultimately lead to different transverse offsets of the ions. Based on the circumferential position of each channel of the ring multi-channel receiving array, the lateral offset range of the ions corresponding to each channel is pre-calibrated using standard ions. When the ions complete axial migration and reach the array cross section, ions with different mobility fall into the corresponding receiving channels due to their different lateral offsets, thus completing spatial separation based on mobility.

6. The ion migration composition sensing method based on a multi-channel receiving array according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of each receiving channel independently performing secondary or multiple ion migration analyses on the incoming ion components includes: Each receiving channel of the ring multi-channel receiving array is independently connected to a set of series migration field architectures downstream. The structural parameters and electric field environment of all series migration fields are kept completely consistent to ensure the uniformity of the separation conditions of each receiving channel. Each series migration field adopts a multi-level cascaded tree-like flow distribution structure, with a maximum of 5 cascade levels. Each migration unit includes a migration electric field region, an ion deflection and guiding region, and a sub-channel flow distribution port. Multiple sets of annular shimming electrodes are set inside each migration electric field region. The ion deflection and guiding region is set at the end of each migration electric field region, including a set of symmetrical deflection electrodes and electrostatic ion guiding lenses. The deflection electrodes can apply nanosecond-level instantaneous pulse voltage to apply a precise lateral deflection force to the ions that reach the end and guide them to the corresponding downstream sub-channel. When ions in the receiving channel enter the first-stage series migration field, they drift along the axis under the drive of the uniform migration electric field. Different types of ions have different drift velocities due to their different mobility, which is called differential migration. The time it takes for them to reach the end of the migration region is different. At the end of each migration electric field region, the ion deflection and guiding region applies an instantaneous deflection voltage in the corresponding direction to ions arriving at different times according to a preset time shunting window. The ions that arrive earlier are guided to the downstream sub-channel on one side, and the ions that arrive later are guided to the downstream sub-channel on the other side, thus completing one ion separation and sub-channel shunting. If the ion composition in a downstream subchannel still contains multiple types of mixtures, the ions in that subchannel will continue to enter the next stage of series migration field and repeat the above differential migration and splitting process. If the downstream subchannel contains a single component or an inseparable mixture, the subsequent grading of that receiving channel is terminated, and the process proceeds directly to the next detection stage.

7. The ion migration composition sensing method based on a multi-channel receiving array according to claim 6, characterized in that, If the receiving channel contains multiple ions, they are allowed to continue differential migration in the series migration field, further separating into downstream sub-channels, until ion separation no longer occurs in each terminal receiving channel. The process includes: For each downstream sub-channel after each diversion, ion separation phenomenon is determined. The determination period is consistent with the ion migration period. Ion migration signals are collected continuously for 3 periods for comprehensive determination. When all receiving channels have completed the determination and there are no more channels that can be separated, or when the maximum number of cascade stages has been reached, the multi-stage separation process is terminated. At this time, all terminal receiving channels are stable receiving channels with pure components. All stable receiving channels are uniformly numbered, and the position of the upstream ring array channel and the number of cascade stages passed through each stable receiving channel are recorded.

8. The ion migration composition sensing method based on a multi-channel receiving array according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process of sequentially introducing ions from each stable receiving channel into a collision reaction cell containing the same neutral molecules, recording the ion current signal in a preset electric field environment, and cross-correlating it with the modulation sequence to obtain the detection mobility spectrum includes: Ions from each stable receiving channel are sequentially introduced into a unified collision reaction cell. After entering the collision reaction cell, the ions collide with neutral molecules in the cell under the drive of a constant electric field, inducing dissociation and generating corresponding characteristic fragment ions. The fragment ions drift through the migration region and reach the end detector, where the corresponding ion current signal is collected. For the ion current signal acquired by each stable receiving channel, cross-correlation calculation is performed. The received signal is cross-correlated with a pseudo-random sequence to generate the detection migration spectrum of the corresponding receiving channel. Peak identification and parameter fitting are performed on the detection migration spectrum. Feature parameters of each effective peak are extracted, including peak migration time, peak height, peak area, and full width at half maximum. All effective peaks are sorted in ascending order of migration time to form a combination of characteristic fragment peaks of the ions in the corresponding receiving channel. At the same time, the migration time ratio and peak area ratio of adjacent peaks are calculated as auxiliary matching features to increase the matching dimension and improve the accuracy and anti-interference ability of the matching.

9. The ion migration composition sensing method based on a multi-channel receiving array according to claim 8, characterized in that, The process of extracting characteristic fragment peak combinations from the detection migration spectrum, matching them with the ion fingerprint spectrum, accurately identifying the ion types in each channel, and synthesizing the identification results from all receiving channels to analyze the ion composition and relative distribution in the detected water flow includes: The extracted feature fragment peaks are combined and matched with the ion fingerprint spectrum one by one to obtain the corresponding similarity value. Based on the similarity value, the ions in the corresponding stable receiving channel are determined to be the corresponding standard ion species. After the ion species discrimination of all stable receiving channels is completed, the distribution of different ions in each region of the ring array is statistically analyzed in combination with the spatial position of the ring array corresponding to each stable receiving channel. The peak area of ​​each ion is calculated as a percentage of the total peak area to obtain the relative content of each ion component. Finally, the identification results of all receiving channels are combined to output a complete list of ion components in the detected water flow, the relative concentration percentage of each component, and the lateral spatial distribution data of ion components in the water flow cross section, thus completing the overall ion component perception.

10. An ion migration composition sensing system based on a multi-channel receiving array, used to implement the ion migration composition sensing method based on a multi-channel receiving array as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes an ion fingerprint spectrum construction module, an ion migration control module, and an ion composition sensing module; The ion fingerprint spectrum construction module is used to deploy multiple detection channels. Each detection channel is equipped with a high-speed analog switch that opens and closes in a continuous pseudo-random sequence to inject a stable target detection ion flow into the detection channel. All detection channels maintain the same electric field environment, and a known neutral molecule is introduced into the rear section of the migration region to form a collision reaction cell. When the monomer ion is driven into the collision reaction cell by the electric field, it collides with the neutral molecule and induces dissociation, generating characteristic fragment ions. The ion current signal of each detection channel is collected, and the received signal is cross-correlated with the pseudo-random sequence to generate an ion fingerprint spectrum. The ion migration control module is used to arrange a ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array along the direction perpendicular to the detected water flow. After the water flow to be tested is ionized, it is passed into the differential ion fingerprint spectrum analysis area. By setting the scanning compensation voltage, ions with different mobility rates are made to obtain different lateral offsets due to the difference in spatial deflection angle, and then they are guided to different receiving channels of the ring-shaped multi-channel receiving array to complete spatial separation based on mobility. Each receiving channel independently performs secondary or multiple ion migration analyses on the incoming ion components. If there are multiple ions in the receiving channel, they are allowed to continue to migrate differentially in the series migration field and further separated to the downstream sub-channels until no ion separation phenomenon occurs in each end receiving channel. The ion composition sensing module is used to sequentially introduce ions from each stable receiving channel into a collision reaction cell containing the same neutral molecules, record the ion current signal in a preset electric field environment, and obtain the detection migration spectrum by cross-correlation with the modulation sequence. The module extracts the characteristic fragment peak combination in the detection migration spectrum, matches it with the ion fingerprint spectrum, accurately identifies the ion type of each channel, and analyzes the ion composition in the detected water flow by combining the identification results of all receiving channels.

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