A method and system for real-time monitoring and early warning of chemical and biological aerosols

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of atmospheric environment monitoring and public safety technology, in particular to a chemical and biological aerosol real-time monitoring and early warning method and system. The system raises the particle concentration of 0.1-10 μm by more than 5 times through an aerosol concentration module, synchronously acquires the particle size distribution and biological fluorescence signal by a laser scattering and fluorescence counting module, and then completes the chemical / biological characteristic discrimination by an identification analysis module; four-factor judgment, directly outputs six-level results. The present application can realize the synchronous sampling of chemical gas, chemical aerosol and biological aerosol in the atmosphere, realize real-time monitoring and intelligent early warning through the composite discrimination of the detection results of each module, efficiently fuse the monitoring data of aerosols of different principles, improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of monitoring, ensure the consistency of the sample source of each module data in time and space, avoid the analysis deviation caused by space and time errors, and provide a reliable data basis for risk discrimination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of atmospheric environment monitoring and public safety technology, specifically to a method and system for real-time monitoring and early warning of chemical and biological aerosols. Background Technology

[0002] Current atmospheric monitoring solutions typically only monitor single types of aerosols or gases. Traditional bioaerosol monitoring methods, such as fluorescence methods, are susceptible to environmental interference and have a high false alarm rate. Mass spectrometry methods are expensive, bulky, and complex to operate, requiring sophisticated vacuum systems or high-voltage ionization devices, making rapid on-site deployment difficult. Traditional chemical gas monitoring methods, such as ion migration, electrochemistry, semiconductor sensors, and portable mass spectrometry, can only rapidly monitor and analyze gas samples. Monitoring and analyzing chemical aerosols requires complex pretreatment steps, similarly hindering on-site detection and rapid deployment.

[0003] In addition, especially in bioaerosol monitoring, single-principle bioaerosols are easily affected by interference and produce false alarms, bioalarms based on biofluorescence are easily affected by fluorescent substances such as riboflavin, and methods based on biosignature elements are easily affected by sodium and potassium aerosols in the environment. Although culture methods and microfluidic methods can identify specific types of bioaerosols, their timeliness is not high and it is difficult to meet the needs of real-time monitoring and early warning.

[0004] In summary, to achieve real-time monitoring of the hazards of chemical and bioaerosols in the atmosphere, it is currently necessary to purchase chemical gas detectors, aerosol monitoring equipment, and bioaerosol detection systems separately. Each device samples independently and provides results, which is not only complex to deploy and maintain, but also makes it difficult to reduce false alarms and missed alarms by cross-referencing and merging data between devices due to independent sampling.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method and system that can rapidly, sensitively, synchronously, and in real-time monitor and provide early warning of chemical gases, chemical aerosols, and bioaerosols. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (a) Technical problems to be solved The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a method and system for real-time monitoring and early warning of chemical and biological aerosols. This system is designed to solve the current problem in the field of atmospheric environmental monitoring and public safety technology of rapid, sensitive, synchronous real-time monitoring and early warning of common toxic and harmful chemical gases, chemical aerosols and biological aerosols in the atmosphere, as well as the problem of rapid and accurate identification of chemical and biological hazards. This invention provides technical and equipment support for environmental protection, public health and safety and other fields.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A real-time monitoring and early warning system for atmospheric chemical and biological aerosols includes an aerosol concentration module, an aerosol particle counting module, and an aerosol elemental analysis module connected in series along the gas path. The aerosol concentration module is used to concentrate aerosol particles in the atmosphere, remove particles with a diameter greater than 10 micrometers, and increase the concentration of particles with a diameter of 0.1 to 10 μm. The aerosol particle counting module includes a counting unit based on the principle of laser scattering and a counting unit based on the principle of biofluorescence, used to count particles in aerosols and obtain the quantity information of aerosol particles; the laser scattering counting unit provides particle number information in the range of 0.1 to 10 μm; the particle fluorescence counting unit provides the total number of aerosol biofluorescent particles. The aerosol elemental analysis module is connected to the aerosol particle counting module and is used to analyze the elemental composition of aerosols and determine the concentration information of characteristic chemical elements contained therein. The aerosol elemental analysis module has a built-in concentration integration algorithm to provide the cumulative concentration of chemical and biological characteristic elements respectively, so as to improve the monitoring sensitivity. The characteristic chemical elements include, but are not limited to, sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, arsenic, chlorine, sodium, potassium, and calcium. Among them, the sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, arsenic, and chlorine channels are used for the identification and monitoring of chemical hazard factors, and the sodium, potassium, and calcium channels are used for the identification and monitoring of biological threat factors. The monitoring and early warning system is equipped with a multi-level data fusion algorithm to achieve synchronous real-time monitoring and intelligent early warning of chemical gases, chemical aerosols and bioaerosols in the atmosphere. The multi-level data fusion algorithm includes: The set of systemic risk factors includes: A: Number of aerosol particles, including the total number of particles; If the number of aerosol particles is greater than the set value, then A is 1; otherwise, it is 0. B: Number of biofluorescent particles; If the number of bioluminescent particles is greater than the set value, then B is 1; otherwise, it is 0. C: Cumulative concentration of chemical characteristic elements, including sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, arsenic, and chlorine; If the cumulative concentration of any chemical characteristic element is greater than the set value, then C is 1; otherwise, it is 0. D: Cumulative concentration of biomarker elements, including sodium, potassium, and calcium; If the cumulative concentration of any biomarker element is greater than the set value, then D is 1; otherwise, it is 0. Based on the Boolean combination of the values, the risk level and warning action are output according to the value selection rules, which are as follows: 0 0 0 0 normal 0 0 0 1 No biological threat 0 0 1 0 Chemical risks 0 0 1 1 Chemical risks 0 1 0 0 No biological threat 0 1 0 1 No biological threat 0 1 1 0 Chemical risks 0 1 1 1 Chemical risks 1 0 0 0 Suspected risks 1 0 0 1 Suspected risks 1 0 1 0 Chemical risks 1 0 1 1 Chemical risks 1 1 0 0 Suspected risks 1 1 0 1 Biological risks 1 1 1 0 Chemical risks 1 1 1 1 Biological and chemical risks. Preferably, the aerosol concentration module includes an impactor and a virtual impactor connected in sequence.

[0009] Furthermore, the impactor removes particles larger than 10 micrometers from the atmosphere; the aerodynamic lens device is used to concentrate aerosol particles in the atmosphere, increasing the concentration of particles from 0.1 to 10 micrometers by more than 5 times.

[0010] Preferably, the laser scattering counting unit is a light scattering particle counter.

[0011] Furthermore, the laser scattering counting unit includes six channels of 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 10.0 μm, which respectively detect particles in the ranges of ≤0.3 μm, 0.3 ~ 0.5 μm (excluding 0.3 μm), 0.5 ~ 1.0 μm (excluding 0.5 μm), 1.0 ~ 3.0 μm (excluding 1.0 μm), 3.0 ~ 5.0 μm (excluding 3.0 μm), and 5.0 ~ 10.0 μm. If the number of aerosol particles in any channel is greater than the set value, then A is 1; otherwise, it is 0.

[0012] Preferably, the particle fluorescence counting unit is a biofluorescent particle counter.

[0013] Preferably, the aerosol elemental analysis module is an analysis unit based on the principle of flame photometry.

[0014] Preferably, the values ​​of A, B, C, and D are set to 2 to 5 times the background noise.

[0015] Preferably, the system uses laser scattering signals in real time and performs hardware-level sensitive triggering of the sampling time of each module according to the flow rate of the concentrated stream, matching the data time collected by each module with the corresponding chemical and biological aerosols, thus avoiding data errors and analysis difficulties caused by time asynchrony.

[0016] Furthermore, the light scattering particle counting unit emits two beams of scattered light and calculates the velocity of aerosol particles by means of the optical path difference.

[0017] No biological threat: The concentration is normal and the fluorescence is not abnormal, so the system determines that there is no biological hazard.

[0018] Suspected risk: Concentration exceeds the standard but fluorescence is not detected, which may be due to interference or temporary fluctuations.

[0019] Chemical risk: Abnormal fluorescence and failure to form "all-factor consistency" indicate a chemical aerosol hazard.

[0020] Biological and chemical dual risks: The simultaneous abnormality of four factors—concentration, chemistry, fluorescence, and spatiotemporal consistency—leads to a mixed chemical and biological hazard.

[0021] Biological risk: Factors A=1, B=1, C=0, D=1, that is, the concentration exceeds the standard, the chemical is positive but the fluorescence is not abnormal, and the system judges it as a pure biological threat (chemical interference is excluded by consistency verification).

[0022] Normal: Factors A=0 and C=0, both concentration and fluorescence are within the background range, and the system determines that the current environment is normal.

[0023] (III) Beneficial Effects The atmospheric chemical and bioaerosol real-time monitoring and early warning system of the present invention can simultaneously sample chemical gases, chemical aerosols and bioaerosols in the atmosphere. Through the composite discrimination of the detection results of each module, real-time monitoring and intelligent early warning can be achieved. It efficiently integrates monitoring data of aerosols with different principles, improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of monitoring, ensures the consistency of sample sources of data from each module in time and space, avoids analytical deviations caused by time errors, and provides a reliable data basis for risk assessment. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure used in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the number of aerosol particles measured in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is the flame photometric spectrum measured in Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, contents, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. Example

[0028] A real-time monitoring and early warning system for atmospheric chemical and biological aerosols includes an aerosol concentration module, an aerosol particle counting module, and an aerosol elemental analysis module connected in series along the gas path. A schematic diagram of the system principle is attached. Figure 1 : The aerosol concentration module is used to concentrate aerosol particles in the atmosphere, removing particles larger than 10 micrometers and increasing the concentration of particles from 0.1 to 10 micrometers. It includes an impactor and an aerodynamic lens device connected in sequence. The impactor removes particles larger than 10 micrometers from the atmosphere. The aerodynamic lens device is used to concentrate aerosol particles in the atmosphere, increasing the concentration of particles from 0.1 to 10 micrometers by more than five times.

[0029] The aerosol particle counting module includes a light scattering particle counting unit and a biofluorescent particle counting unit, used to count particles in aerosols and obtain aerosol particle quantity information; the light scattering particle counting unit provides six-channel particle count information, including 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 10.0 μm; the biofluorescent particle counting unit provides the total number of bioaerosol particles; The aerosol elemental analysis module is an aerosol elemental analysis unit based on the principle of flame photometry. Connected to the aerosol particle counting module, it is used to analyze the elemental composition of aerosols and determine the concentration information of characteristic chemical elements. The aerosol elemental analysis module incorporates a concentration integration algorithm to provide the cumulative concentrations of chemical and biological characteristic elements, thereby improving monitoring sensitivity. The characteristic chemical elements include, but are not limited to, sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, arsenic, chlorine, sodium, potassium, and calcium. The sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, arsenic, and chlorine channels are used for the identification and monitoring of chemical hazard factors, while the sodium, potassium, and calcium channels are used for the identification and monitoring of biological threat factors. The monitoring and early warning system is equipped with a multi-level data fusion algorithm to achieve synchronous real-time monitoring and intelligent early warning of chemical gases, chemical aerosols and bioaerosols in the atmosphere. The multi-level data fusion algorithm includes: The set of systemic risk factors includes: A: Number of aerosol particles, including the number of particles in the six channels: 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 10.0. If the number of aerosol particles in any channel is greater than three times the background noise, then A is 1; otherwise, it is 0. B: Number of biofluorescent particles If the number of biofluorescent particles is more than three times the background noise, then B is 1; otherwise, it is 0. C: Cumulative concentration of chemical characteristic elements, including sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, arsenic, and chlorine; If the cumulative concentration of any chemical characteristic element is greater than three times the background noise, then C is 1; otherwise, it is 0. D: Cumulative concentration of biomarker elements, including sodium, potassium, and calcium; If the cumulative concentration of any biomarker element is greater than three times the background noise, then D is 1; otherwise, it is 0. Based on the Boolean combination of the values, the risk level and warning action are output according to the value selection rules, which are as follows: 0 0 0 0 normal 0 0 0 1 No biological threat 0 0 1 0 Chemical risks 0 0 1 1 Chemical risks 0 1 0 0 No biological threat 0 1 0 1 No biological threat 0 1 1 0 Chemical risks 0 1 1 1 Chemical risks 1 0 0 0 Suspected risks 1 0 0 1 Suspected risks 1 0 1 0 Chemical risks 1 0 1 1 Chemical risks 1 1 0 0 Suspected risks 1 1 0 1 Biological risks 1 1 1 0 Chemical risks 1 1 1 1 Biological and chemical dual risks By combining the aforementioned real-time monitoring and early warning system for atmospheric chemical and biological aerosols with a multi-level data fusion algorithm, environmental monitoring and early warning can be achieved. When the system is activated, the collected samples are passed through an impactor to remove particles larger than 10 micrometers from the atmosphere. Further aerodynamic lenses are used to concentrate the atmospheric aerosol particles. The concentrated aerosol particles are then passed through a light-scattering particle counting unit, where they are irradiated by a laser to generate scattering signals. The light-scattering particle counting unit emits two beams of scattered light, and the system calculates the velocity of the aerosol particles based on the optical path difference. The data collected by the aerosol particle counting module and the aerosol elemental analysis module are then unified according to a time series based on the gas flow rate. After normal system startup, each detection module uses the average of the blank measurement results within half an hour as the background noise.

[0030] The system can continuously monitor the gas to measure the number of aerosol particles with different size distributions, the total number of biofluorescent particles, and the content of different elements in the gas or aerosol. The results are shown in [Figure number missing]. Figures 1-2 Based on the measurement results from different modules, a multi-level data fusion algorithm is used to output the risk level and early warning action, as shown in Table 1.

[0031] Table 1. Detection Results

[0032] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring and early warning system for atmospheric chemical and bioaerosols, characterized in that, It includes an aerosol concentration module, an aerosol particle counting module, and an aerosol elemental analysis module, which are connected in series along the gas path: The aerosol concentration module concentrates aerosol particles in the atmosphere, removes particles with a diameter greater than 10 micrometers, and increases the concentration of particles with a diameter of 0.1 to 10 μm. The aerosol particle counting module includes a counting unit based on the principle of laser scattering and a counting unit based on the principle of biofluorescence. It counts the particles in the aerosol and obtains the quantity information of the aerosol particles. The laser scattering counting unit provides the particle number information in the range of 0.1 to 10 μm. The particle fluorescence counting unit provides the total number of aerosol biofluorescent particles. The aerosol elemental analysis module is connected to the aerosol particle counting module and is used to analyze the elemental composition of aerosols and determine the concentration information of characteristic chemical elements contained therein. The aerosol elemental analysis module has a built-in concentration integration algorithm to provide the cumulative concentration of chemical and biological characteristic elements respectively. The characteristic chemical elements include sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, arsenic, chlorine, sodium, potassium, and calcium. Among them, the sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, arsenic, and chlorine channels are used for the identification and monitoring of chemical hazard factors, and the sodium, potassium, and calcium channels are used for the identification and monitoring of biological threat factors. The monitoring and early warning system is equipped with a multi-level data fusion algorithm, which includes: The systemic risk factor set includes: A: Number of aerosol particles; If the number of aerosol particles is greater than the set value, then A is 1; otherwise, it is 0. B: Number of biofluorescent particles; If the number of bioluminescent particles is greater than the set value, then B is 1; otherwise, it is 0. C: Cumulative concentration of chemical characteristic elements, including sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, arsenic, and chlorine; If the cumulative concentration of any chemical characteristic element is greater than the set value, then C is 1; otherwise, it is 0. D: Cumulative concentration of biomarker elements, including sodium, potassium, and calcium; If the cumulative concentration of any biomarker element is greater than the set value, then D is 1; otherwise, it is 0. Based on the Boolean combination of the values, the risk level and warning action are output according to the value selection rules, which are as follows: 。 2. The real-time monitoring and early warning system for atmospheric chemical and bioaerosols according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aerosol concentration module includes an impactor and a virtual impactor connected in sequence.

3. The real-time monitoring and early warning system for atmospheric chemical and bioaerosols according to claim 2, characterized in that, The impactor removes particles larger than 10 micrometers from the atmosphere; the aerodynamic lens device is used to concentrate aerosol particles in the atmosphere, increasing the concentration of particles from 0.1 to 10 micrometers by more than 5 times.

4. The real-time monitoring and early warning system for atmospheric chemical and bioaerosols according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser scattering counting unit is a light scattering particle counter.

5. The real-time monitoring and early warning system for atmospheric chemical and bioaerosols according to claim 4, characterized in that, The laser scattering counting unit includes six channels: 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 10.0 μm, which respectively detect particles in the ranges of ≤0.3 μm, 0.3 ~ 0.5 μm (excluding 0.3 μm), 0.5 ~ 1.0 μm (excluding 0.5 μm), 1.0 ~ 3.0 μm (excluding 1.0 μm), 3.0 ~ 5.0 μm (excluding 3.0 μm), and 5.0 ~ 10.0 μm.

6. The real-time monitoring and early warning system for atmospheric chemical and bioaerosols according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle fluorescence counting unit is a biological fluorescence particle counter.

7. The real-time monitoring and early warning system for atmospheric chemical and bioaerosols according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aerosol elemental analysis module is an analysis unit based on the principle of flame photometry.

8. The real-time monitoring and early warning system for atmospheric chemical and bioaerosols according to claim 1, characterized in that, The values ​​for A, B, C, and D are set to be 2 to 5 times the background noise.

9. The real-time monitoring and early warning system for atmospheric chemical and bioaerosols according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system uses laser scattering signals in real time and performs hardware-level sensitive triggering of the sampling time of each module according to the flow rate of the concentrated flow, matching the data time collected by each module with the corresponding chemical and biological aerosols.

10. The real-time monitoring and early warning system for atmospheric chemical and bioaerosols according to claim 9, characterized in that, The light scattering particle counting unit emits two beams of scattered light and calculates the velocity of aerosol particles by means of the optical path difference.

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