Optical member including nanodiffusion film and display device including the same

Abstract

The display device of one embodiment includes a backlight unit, an optical member over the backlight unit, and a display panel over the optical member. The optical member includes a nano diffusion film including a porous film layer including a plurality of pores and a resin layer over at least one side of the porous film layer. The resin of the resin layer is impregnated into at least part of the pores in the thickness direction of the porous film layer, so that an impregnated region is formed, and the porous film layer includes a non-impregnated region in which the resin is not impregnated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an optical component including a nano-diffusing film and a display device including the optical component, and more specifically, to a nano-diffusing film that can adjust transmittance and haze by impregnating a portion of resin into a porous film having multiple nanopores, and a display device that includes the nano-diffusing film as an optical laminate between a backlight unit and a display panel.

[0002] This invention can be applied to integrated optical plates or integrated optical film structures. Background Technology

[0003] Light-receiving display devices, such as liquid crystal displays, can display images using light supplied from a backlight unit. The backlight unit may include multiple light sources, which may consist of a combination of white LEDs, blue LEDs and a color conversion layer, or a combination of RGB LEDs.

[0004] In a direct-lit backlight structure, multiple light-emitting elements are arranged across the entire lower surface of the display panel. In this structure, it is important to ensure sufficient light diffusion to avoid visualizing the positions of the light-emitting elements within the display area, while simultaneously ensuring brightness and viewing angle characteristics from the front.

[0005] Figure 1 A diagram illustrating a conventional display device.

[0006] Reference Figure 1 The display device 10 may include a light source 12, a diffuser plate 14 located on the light source 12, and an optical film located on the diffuser plate 14. The display device 10 may be a liquid crystal display device, and the light source 12 may be a white light source or an RGB light source.

[0007] The optical film may include a first substrate layer 70, a first optical layer 71, a second substrate layer 80, and a second optical layer 81 stacked sequentially.

[0008] The first substrate layer 70 and the second substrate layer 80 may, for example, include non-foamed PET (polyethylene terephthalate).

[0009] The first optical layer 71 is a layer that performs the function of focusing light and may include a prism structure 72. The second optical layer 81 is a layer that performs the functions of focusing and diffusing light and may include a random lens structure 82 or a prism structure (not shown).

[0010] Polarizing elements such as polarizers can be placed on the optical film.

[0011] In the past, thicker diffuser plates were often used to ensure light source shielding and uniformity. However, as the thickness of the diffuser plate increases, the overall thickness and weight of the display device increase, and the light is scattered multiple times inside the diffuser plate, which may reduce the effective amount of light facing the front.

[0012] Especially in large-scale or high-brightness display devices, optical distance (OD), LED spacing, support pin structure, and light source methods are becoming increasingly diverse, making it difficult to cope with various backlight conditions using only diffuser plates.

[0013] Traditional diffuser plates are effective at ensuring light source shielding, but due to their thick, plate-like structure, they are difficult to integrate with other optical films using roll-to-roll processes. However, recently, there has been an increasing demand for realizing optical films as monolithic or integrated plates to improve the productivity of automated LCM assembly lines.

[0014] like Figure 1 As illustrated, although various optical films such as prism films, microlens films, matte films, and reflective polarizing films can be used, these structures alone may have limitations in simultaneously satisfying the requirements of light source shielding power, haze, front brightness, viewing angle, and thinness.

[0015] On the other hand, nanoporous membranes can include pores at the tens to hundreds of nanometer level, and light scattering can be induced due to the refractive index difference between the polymer matrix and the medium inside the pores.

[0016] However, when nanoporous membranes are used directly as diffusion membranes, the haze is too high and the transmittance is too low, which may make it difficult to meet the brightness requirements of integrated optical plates.

[0017] Therefore, a novel optical structure is needed that can maintain the scattering function of nanoporous films while adjusting the refractive index difference and scattering intensity through resin impregnation. Summary of the Invention

[0018] The problem to be solved One embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a nanodiffusion film and an optical component including the same, which utilizes a porous film including multiple nanopores and can simultaneously adjust the transmittance and haze to the desired level.

[0019] One embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a nanodiffusion film and an optical component including the same, which simultaneously has impregnated and non-impregnated regions by providing a resin layer on at least one of the upper and lower portions of a porous film layer and allowing the resin to permeate into a portion of the pores.

[0020] One embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a nanodiffusion film and an optical component including the nanodiffusion film, the nanodiffusion film having an effective refractive index gradient in the thickness direction.

[0021] One embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a nano-diffusion film and an optical component including the same, which controls the impregnation thickness by adjusting the viscosity, surface tension, contact angle, refractive index, settling time, coating pressure, process temperature, resin mixing ratio, pore radius and porosity of the resin, thereby enabling the design of light scattering and transmission.

[0022] One embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a nano-diffusion film and an optical component including the same thereof, which can independently or in conjunction with each other adjust the diffusion of incident light from the light source side and the angular distribution of emitted light from the display panel side by setting the upper impregnation thickness and the lower impregnation thickness to be the same or different from each other.

[0023] One embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a display device that combines foamed polymer layers such as foamed PC (polycarbonate) and foamed PET with a nano-diffuse film, which can achieve light source shielding power or uniformity characteristics comparable to traditional diffusers even at a relatively thin thickness.

[0024] One embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a display device that, even without using foamed polymer layers such as foamed PC or foamed PET, can achieve light source shielding or uniformity characteristics comparable to traditional diffuser plates with a relatively thin thickness by increasing the number of nano-diffuse films to more than one.

[0025] One embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a display device that, by combining various prism structures, lens structures, biconvex lens structures, matte structures, spacer structures and light-diffusing resins, can cope with various light sources, various OD distances and various support pin structures.

[0026] One embodiment of the present invention aims to provide an All-In-One Plate (AIOP) structure that, by combining Rayleigh scattering, Mie scattering, forward scattering, backscattering, and the reuse of a reflective layer, can ensure light source shielding while suppressing brightness loss.

[0027] One embodiment of the present invention aims to provide an optical component and display device that is suitable for roll-to-roll bonding processes, can reduce the number of assembly steps, and is beneficial for thinning and weight reduction.

[0028] In addition to the problems mentioned above, embodiments of the present invention can also be used to address other problems not specifically mentioned.

[0029] Problem-solving methods A display device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a backlight unit; an optical component located on the backlight unit; and a display panel located on the optical component; the optical component includes a nano-diffusion film, the nano-diffusion film including: a porous film layer including a plurality of pores; and a resin layer located on at least one side of the porous film layer.

[0030] The resin of the resin layer is impregnated into at least a portion of the pores in the thickness direction of the porous membrane layer, thereby forming an impregnated region, and the porous membrane layer includes a non-impregnated region where the resin is not impregnated.

[0031] Invention Effects According to one embodiment of the present invention, by impregnating a portion of the pores of a porous membrane with resin, the refractive index difference between the polymer matrix and the medium inside the pores can be adjusted, thereby allowing the transmittance and haze to be adjusted according to the application.

[0032] According to one embodiment of the present invention, scattering is mitigated in the impregnated region while scattering caused by air pores is maintained in the non-impregnated region, thus achieving a balance between increasing transmittance and maintaining light source shielding power.

[0033] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the impregnation depth can be designed by combining resin viscosity, surface tension, contact angle, settling time and pore radius, so that even using the same nano-diffusion film, a series of products with different optical properties can be manufactured.

[0034] According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the following characteristics—light source side scattering, display panel side emission angle, front brightness, and viewing angle—can be adjusted with a high degree of design freedom.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the present invention, since Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering caused by nanopores can be combined with refraction or scattering caused by other optical structures, a variety of optical designs can be carried out under various backlight unit conditions.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the present invention, since a portion of the backscattered light can be reused by the reflective structure, backscattering can be suppressed from acting solely as a loss.

[0037] According to one embodiment of the present invention, since the optical components can be manufactured in the form of a single sheet, operability and productivity can be improved in an LCM automated assembly line. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 A diagram illustrating a conventional display device.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a diagram schematically illustrating a display device according to an embodiment.

[0040] Figure 3a A cross-sectional view of an optical component according to one embodiment is shown.

[0041] Figure 3b An SEM image of an optical component according to one embodiment.

[0042] Figure 4 A diagram illustrating the light scattering pattern according to pore size.

[0043] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a light path in an optical component of one embodiment.

[0044] Reference Figures 6a to 6d This figure compares the optical properties of the original image, the unimpregnated porous membrane, the partially resin-impregnated porous membrane, and the fully impregnated porous membrane.

[0045] Figures 7a to 7i A diagram illustrating an example of a display device according to an embodiment.

[0046] Figure 8a A diagram showing the cross-section of a conventional diffuser plate. Figure 8b This is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a PET layer and an optical component of an embodiment sequentially stacked on a PC containing multiple pores. Figure 8c A diagram showing a cross-section of a PC comprising multiple pores. Figure 8d To show Figures 8a to 8c A graph showing the optical properties of the structure.

[0047] Figure 9a A diagram is provided to illustrate a display device including the optical components of Comparative Example 1. Figure 9b A diagram showing a display device including the optical components of Comparative Example 2 is provided. Figure 9c A diagram illustrating a display device including the optical components of Embodiment 1 is provided. Figure 9d A diagram illustrating a display device including the optical components of Embodiment 2 is provided. Figure 9e A diagram illustrating a display device including the optical components of Embodiment 3.

[0048] (Explanation of the labels in the attached diagram) 1000: Display device; 1100: Backlight unit; 1200: Optical component; 1202: First diffusion auxiliary layer; 1210: Foamed polymer layer; 1212: First optical adhesive layer; 1220: First transparent polymer layer; 1230: Nano-diffusion film; 110: Porous membrane layer; 111: Polymer matrix; 112: Pores in NDF; 120: First resin layer; 130: Second resin layer; 1250: Spacer layer; 1252: Spacer; 1254: Second diffusion auxiliary layer; 1258: Second optical adhesive layer; 1260: Second transparent polymer layer; 1262: First light diffusion layer; 1269: Third optical adhesive layer; 1270: Third transparent polymer layer; 1272: Second light diffusion layer; 1274: Fourth optical adhesive layer; 1280: Fourth transparent polymer layer; 1292: Third diffusion-assisted layer; 1208: Fifth transparent polymer layer; 1242: Third light diffusion layer; 1243: Fifth optical adhesive layer; 1245: Sixth transparent polymer layer; 1246: Fourth light diffusion layer; 1247: Sixth optical adhesive layer; 1248: Seventh transparent polymer layer; 1211: Foamed spacer layer. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings to enable those skilled in the art to readily implement the invention. The present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. For clarity of illustration, parts irrelevant to the description have been omitted from the drawings, and the same reference numerals have been used throughout the specification for the same or similar constituent elements. Furthermore, detailed descriptions of well-known techniques will be omitted.

[0050] In the accompanying drawings, the thickness is shown enlarged to clearly illustrate multiple layers and regions. When a layer, film, region, plate, or other part is referred to as being "above" another part, this includes not only being "directly above" another part but also having another part in between. Conversely, when a part is referred to as being "directly above" another part, it means that there is no other part in between. Similarly, when a layer, film, region, plate, or other part is referred to as being "below" another part, this includes not only being "directly below" another part but also having another part in between. Conversely, when a part is referred to as being "directly below" another part, it means that there is no other part in between.

[0051] Throughout the specification, when a part is referred to as "including" a constituent element, unless otherwise stated, it does not mean that other constituent elements are excluded, but rather that other constituent elements may be included.

[0052] Throughout this instruction manual, terms such as "upper," "lower," "upper part," and "lower part" are used for ease of explanation and do not limit the actual orientation of the display device or optical components. For example, the surface closer to the light source may be described as the lower surface, and the surface closer to the display panel may be described as the upper surface, but the orientation may differ during manufacturing or shipping.

[0053] Throughout this specification, "resin" includes liquid or semi-liquid resin compositions capable of penetrating into pores, adhesive compositions before curing, polymeric compositions after curing, and mixtures thereof. The resin may be a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) with adhesive properties, or, even without a separate adhesive function, a resin impregnated into pores to adjust the refractive index distribution.

[0054] Throughout the instruction manual, "impregnation" refers to the resin penetrating from the pore inlets located on the surface of the nano-diffusion membrane into the pores.

[0055] Impregnation includes not only cases where the entire pore is completely filled with resin, but also cases where only a portion of the pore or a portion of the film thickness is filled with resin.

[0056] Throughout the instruction manual, "impregnated area" refers to the area where resin is present in at least a portion of the pores, and "non-impregnated area" refers to the area where resin has not substantially penetrated and where air pores remain.

[0057] Throughout the specification, "effective refractive index" may refer to the average refractive index experienced by light at a specific location, or it may be used to describe the optical constants of scattering, refraction, reflection, and diffraction.

[0058] Throughout this specification, "transmittance" refers to the proportion of light incident on an optical component that passes through the optical component and exits, while "haze" refers to the proportion of scattered light among transmitted light or is an indicator of the degree of light diffusion. Transmittance and haze can be measured differently depending on the application of the optical component, the measuring equipment, and the measuring conditions.

[0059] The nano-diffusing film (NDF) and optical components of the embodiments are not simply structures where the entire porous film layer is impregnated with resin. Instead, the resin impregnation in the impregnated areas reduces refractive index mismatch and scattering index, while air pores remain in the non-impregnated areas to maintain scattering index and haze. This optical gradient structure along the thickness direction allows for simultaneous adjustment of transmittance and haze.

[0060] Reference Figure 2 The display device 1000 may include a backlight unit 1100, an optical component 1200 located on the backlight unit 1100, and a display panel 1300 located on the optical component 1200.

[0061] The backlight unit 1100 may include one or more of the following: LED light source, reflector, circuit board, light source support structure, diffusion space and housing.

[0062] The light source can be a white LED, or in another embodiment, a combination of a blue LED and a quantum dot color conversion layer, or a combination of red LEDs, green LEDs and blue LEDs.

[0063] The spacing between light sources (Pled) can be, for example, 2mm to 50mm, and the optical distance (OD) can be, for example, 3mm to 100mm, but may vary depending on the size of the display device 1000 and the intensity of the light source.

[0064] The optical component 1200 can be implemented as an all-in-one plate (AIOP) or an integrated optical film, which includes a nano-diffusing film 1230, which includes a porous film layer 110 and resin layers 120 and 130. In addition, the optical component 1200 may include one or more of the following: a foamed polymer layer, a transparent polymer layer, a light diffusion layer, a spacer layer, or a diffusion aid layer.

[0065] The optical component 1200 can be a structure formed by bonding multiple layers together with an optical adhesive such as PSA, so as to realize an integrated optical plate (AIOP).

[0066] Figure 3a and Figure 3b Figures and images are provided to illustrate the nanodiffusion film (NDF) 1230 of the embodiment.

[0067] The nanodiffusion membrane 1230 includes a porous membrane layer 110, a first resin layer 120 located on one side (the upper surface in the figure) of the porous membrane layer 110, and a second resin layer 130 located on the other side (the lower surface in the figure) of the porous membrane layer 110. At least one of the first resin layer 120 and the second resin layer 130 may be a PSA resin layer, but is not limited thereto.

[0068] The porous membrane 110 may include a polymer matrix 111 and a plurality of pores 112. The pores 112 may be closed pores that are independent of each other, or they may be continuous pores that are at least partially connected to each other. Considering resin impregnation, at least a portion of the pores 112 may be open pores that are connected to the surface of the porous membrane 110.

[0069] The polymer matrix 111 of the porous membrane layer 110 may include, for example, one or more of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), but is not limited thereto. This porous membrane layer 110 can form an optically transparent or translucent polymer matrix and can provide a scattering structure through the refractive index difference between the membrane and the pores.

[0070] The porous membrane layer 110 may include a pore structure extending in the length or width direction formed by a stretching process, or it may include a mesh or irregular pore structure.

[0071] The average size of the pores 112 in the porous membrane layer 110 can be from about 20 nm to 500 nm.

[0072] When the pore size 112 of the porous film layer 110 is less than about 20 nm, the haze may increase due to Rayleigh scattering and interference between adjacent pores.

[0073] If the pore size 112 of the porous film layer 110 is 20 nm to 100 nm, there are multiple structures smaller than the visible light wavelength. Therefore, Mie scattering is dominant, but Rayleigh scattering may also occur at the same time.

[0074] Reference Figure 4 Rayleigh scattering produces very small scattering particles, allowing for wide-angle scattering in a near-isotropic manner. In particular, backscattering exhibits relatively higher intensity compared to Mie scattering, thus significantly improving light reuse efficiency.

[0075] If the pore size of the porous film 110 is approximately 100 nm to 500 nm, scattering centers of similar size to the wavelength of visible light can be formed, thus Mie scattering may become relatively important. In this case, forward scattering and backscattering can occur simultaneously, and transmittance and haze can be adjusted according to porosity and pore shape.

[0076] When the pore size 112 of the porous film layer 110 exceeds 500 nm, the transmittance and haze may be difficult to adjust because light is more affected by geometric refraction, reflection and forward scattering at the pore 112 interface.

[0077] In one embodiment of the present invention, nanoscale pores, such as pores of 20 nm to 500 nm, can be used to provide diffusion functionality that combines Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering rather than relying solely on geometric forward scattering, and the overall optical properties can be tuned by adjusting various factors.

[0078] The thickness of the porous film 110 can be from 5 μm to 100 μm. For example, the thickness of the porous film 110 can be from 10 μm to 30 μm. This thickness range is beneficial for the miniaturization of optical components, while providing light scattering paths caused by the pores.

[0079] If the porous membrane layer 110 is too thin, the path length for light to interact with the pore interface will be shortened, which may make it difficult to ensure sufficient haze or light source shielding. Conversely, if the porous membrane layer 110 is too thick, the transmittance will decrease, and the uniformity of resin impregnation and roll-to-roll processability may be reduced.

[0080] The porosity of the porous membrane layer 110 can be from about 25% to 75%.

[0081] If the porosity of the porous film layer 110 is less than 25%, the number of scattering interfaces that light passes through will decrease, and the transmittance may increase, but the haze and light source shielding power may become too low. If the porosity exceeds 75%, the number of scattering interfaces will increase, and the haze and light source shielding power may increase, but the transmittance may become too low.

[0082] The embodiments do not simply increase or decrease the porosity itself, but rather adjust the refractive index difference at the scattering interface by impregnating a portion of the pores with resin. Therefore, even for porous film layers 110 with the same porosity, the transmittance and haze can be adjusted according to factors such as the resin impregnation thickness and the resin refractive index.

[0083] The resin in the first resin layer 120 can permeate from the upper surface of the porous membrane layer 110 into the pores 112, forming a first impregnation region 122. The resin in the second resin layer 130 can permeate from the lower surface of the porous membrane layer 110 into the pores 112, forming a second impregnation region 132.

[0084] When the thickness of the first impregnated region 122 is L1, the thickness of the second impregnated region 132 is L2, and the total thickness of the porous membrane layer 110 is d, L1 and L2 can both be greater than 0. Furthermore, the sum of L1 and L2 is less than d, and there is a non-impregnated region 114 between the first impregnated region 122 and the second impregnated region 132.

[0085] The non-impregnated region 114 may have relatively high scattering properties because the pores mainly contain air. The first impregnated region 122 and the second impregnated region 132 may have relatively low scattering properties because the pores may contain resin, thus reducing the refractive index difference between the polymer matrix and the pore filling.

[0086] Therefore, the nano-diffusing film 1230 has a relatively high transparency near the upper and lower surfaces and a relatively high diffusivity in the thickness direction (z direction in the figure) optical structure at the center. This structure is beneficial for reducing excessive scattering and reflection at the surface while diffusing light internally.

[0087] In one embodiment, L1 and L2 can be the same. In this case, the nanodiffusion film 1230 can have an effective refractive index gradient that is symmetrical about the center of the thickness direction (z direction in the figure). The symmetrical structure can make the optical responses of the upper and lower surfaces similar, which is beneficial to reducing the characteristic deviation caused by the processing direction of the nanodiffusion film 1230.

[0088] In another embodiment, L1 and L2 can be different from each other. For example, the lower impregnation thickness L2 on the light source side can be smaller than the upper impregnation thickness L1 on the display panel side. In this case, after the light incident from the light source is relatively strongly scattered from the lower non-impregnated or weakly impregnated apertures, a portion of the scattered light can be redistributed to the front direction as it passes through the upper impregnated area.

[0089] In another embodiment, the lower impregnation thickness L2 on the light source side can be greater than the upper impregnation thickness L1. In this case, light incident from the light source can experience relatively low scattering and low reflection on the lower surface, and can be scattered internally or in the non-impregnated region 114 near the upper part. This structure can be used to reduce losses at the interface adjacent to the light source and increase diffusion on the exit side.

[0090] When L1+L2 is close to d, most of the pores can be filled by resin. In this case, the transmittance of the porous membrane layer 110 may increase, but the haze and diffusion function may decrease. Conversely, the smaller L1+L2 is, the more pore areas are not impregnated by resin, which may increase the haze, but may decrease the transmittance.

[0091] In the nanodiffusion film 1230 of the embodiment, the sum of L1 and L2 (L1+L2) can be greater than 0 and less than d. This structure can provide intermediate optical properties between a completely transparent film and a highly hazy opaque film, and by adjusting the size of L1 and L2, the transmittance and haze characteristics can be adjusted, thereby overcoming the trade-off between transmittance and haze characteristics.

[0092] For example, (L1+L2) / d can be from 0.05 to 0.95, more specifically, from 0.10 to 0.80, 0.20 to 0.70, or 0.30 to 0.60. This range can be selected based on the thickness, porosity, resin refractive index, and desired transmittance and haze of the nanodiffusion film 1230.

[0093] For example, L1 / d can be between 0.10 and 0.40, and L2 / d can also be between 0.10 and 0.40. In this case, the refractive index difference at the surface is mitigated, while the central part can maintain a scattering center, which is beneficial for adjusting the balance between transmittance and haze.

[0094] The thickness of the resin impregnation can be determined by capillary permeation and can be expressed by the following mathematical formula.

[0095] Mathematical Formula 1

[0096] Where L represents the impregnation thickness, γ represents the surface tension, θ represents the contact angle (wetting degree), η represents the viscosity, r represents the pore radius, and t represents the settling time after resin coating.

[0097] When the surface tension γ increases or the contact angle θ decreases, causing cosθ to increase, the impregnation thickness L can increase within the same time period. Conversely, when the wettability between the resin and the pore wall decreases, causing the contact angle θ to increase, cosθ decreases, and the impregnation rate may decrease.

[0098] As viscosity η increases, the impregnation thickness L may decrease. This is because resins with higher viscosity encounter greater resistance when moving into the pores. However, the actual complete impregnation time is not solely determined by viscosity, but is also influenced by surface tension, contact angle, pore radius, pore connectivity, resin composition, process temperature, and surface treatment condition.

[0099] As the pore radius r increases, the impregnation thickness L may increase within the same time frame. A larger pore radius reduces flow resistance, allowing the resin to move into the pores more quickly. However, since the scattering pattern may also change with increasing pore radius, the pore size can be selected by comprehensively considering both impregnation speed and optical properties.

[0100] As the settling time t increases, the impregnation thickness L increases. However, L is not linearly proportional to t, but rather proportional to √t. Therefore, the initial impregnation proceeds rapidly, but the impregnation rate may gradually slow down over time. Due to this characteristic, the surface pores of the porous membrane layer 110 can be filled with resin initially, and then the permeation rate slows down, so the process can be stopped while leaving the non-impregnated area 114.

[0101] The settling time refers to the time allowed for the resin to penetrate into the pores after coating. After the settling time, further resin penetration can be inhibited through processes such as curing, cooling, lamination, pressing, drying, or UV irradiation.

[0102] For example, if a shorter settling time is applied, L1 and L2 become smaller, and the unimpregnated region 114 can be retained more thickly. In this case, light undergoes strong scattering at the pore-air interface, resulting in higher haze and potentially lower transmittance.

[0103] If a medium settling time is applied, L1 and L2 increase, the surface pores are filled with resin, and the non-impregnated area 114 can be retained (see reference). Figure 3a and Figure 3b In this case, scattering and reflection at the surface are mitigated, while transmittance increases, and haze can be maintained through scattering via the pores in the central part.

[0104] If a longer settling time is applied, L1+L2 approaches d, and the nanodiffusion film can be substantially filled with resin. In this case, transparency may increase, but haze will decrease and diffusion function may be weakened due to reduced scattering caused by porosity.

[0105] The refractive index of the resin is an important factor determining the scattering intensity of the impregnated area.

[0106] For example, when the porous membrane 110 includes PE and the refractive index of PE is about 1.52, if the pores are filled with air, the refractive index difference between the polymer matrix and the pores will be large.

[0107] On the other hand, when the pores are filled with PSA resin with a refractive index of approximately 1.49, the refractive index difference between the PE matrix and the pore-filling resin can be reduced to approximately 0.03. When the refractive index difference decreases, the scattering intensity in this region may decrease.

[0108] Therefore, transparency can be increased in the impregnated regions, while scattering can be maintained in the non-impregnated regions. This invention can utilize the refractive index differences between the regions as described above to design the overall effective refractive index distribution of the nanodiffusion film.

[0109] The closer the refractive index of the resin is to that of the polymer matrix, the less scattering occurs in the impregnated region. When the refractive index of the resin differs greatly from that of the polymer matrix, scattering may still occur between the pore-filled portion and the polymer matrix, even if the pores are filled with resin.

[0110] Therefore, when high transmittance is required, a resin with a smaller refractive index difference from the polymer matrix can be selected; when high haze is required, a resin with a relatively larger refractive index difference can be selected or the impregnation thickness can be reduced.

[0111] The surface tension of a resin determines its permeability into pores. When the surface tension is high and the resin has sufficient wettability to the pore walls, it can quickly penetrate into the pores using capillary force. Conversely, when the surface tension or wettability is low, the resin may remain on the pore surface or only penetrate into part of the pores.

[0112] The contact angle θ represents the interfacial affinity between the resin and the pore walls. A smaller contact angle allows the resin to wet the pore walls more effectively, potentially promoting impregnation. Conversely, a larger contact angle may inhibit resin impregnation.

[0113] Corona treatment or plasma treatment of the surface of the porous membrane 110 can alter the surface energy, thereby decreasing or increasing the contact angle. Therefore, surface treatment can be used as a means of adjusting the impregnation thickness.

[0114] Primer treatment or silane treatment can also adjust the interfacial affinity between the resin and the pore walls. For example, if functional groups with high affinity to the resin are imparted to the surface, impregnation can be promoted, while if a surface with low affinity to the resin is formed, impregnation can be inhibited.

[0115] Process temperature can alter the viscosity and surface tension of a resin. Generally, as the temperature increases, the resin viscosity may decrease, thereby promoting impregnation into the pores. Therefore, even with high-viscosity resins, increasing the process temperature can increase the impregnation thickness.

[0116] The process temperature can be adjusted within the range of room temperature to approximately 60°C. For example, resins that impregnate too slowly at room temperature can be treated at 40°C to 60°C to shorten the impregnation time. Conversely, resins that impregnate too quickly can be treated at a lower temperature or impregnated by rapid curing.

[0117] Resin mixing can be another way to adjust impregnation time. For example, if relatively fast-penetrating PSA is mixed with other resins, the viscosity, surface tension, contact angle, or curing speed may change, potentially increasing the full impregnation time.

[0118] The resin mixing ratio can be defined by the weight or volume ratio of two or more resins. The mixed resins may include a first resin and a second resin, where the first resin provides adhesion and the second resin can adjust the impregnation speed or refractive index.

[0119] When resin mixing can increase the full impregnation time by more than 10 times, process control can be improved. For example, it is difficult to achieve a semi-permeable structure with resin that is fully impregnated in a very short time, but when using mixed resins, curing or bonding can be carried out in a partially impregnated state.

[0120] The porous membrane layer 110, which is not impregnated with resin, includes a plurality of pores 112 in the thickness direction. In this state, the pores may mainly consist of air, and strong scattering may occur due to the refractive index difference between the polymer matrix and the air pores.

[0121] In this case, after incident light enters the porous film 110 from the lower light source, it can be repeatedly refracted and reflected at the interface of the pores 112. When the pore size is on the nanoscale, the light can form a composite path that includes wave scattering components rather than simple specular reflection.

[0122] In the unimpregnated porous film layer 110, the light path becomes longer due to the continuous interaction between light and multiple pores 112, and a portion of the forward-traveling light may be scattered to the side or rear. As a result, haze may increase, but the amount of light transmitted from the front decreases, so the transmittance characteristics may be insufficient, and the brightness characteristics of the display device using the porous film layer 110 may also be insufficient.

[0123] In one embodiment, the porous film layer 110 may have an effective refractive index gradient in the thickness direction. The effective refractive index gradient refers to the change in the optical refractive index experienced by light or the effective refractive index difference that causes scattering, depending on the position of the porous film layer 110 in the thickness direction.

[0124] When the resin penetrates into the pores 112 from the upper and lower surfaces of the porous membrane 110, at least a portion of the pores 112 can be filled with resin in the edge regions adjacent to the upper and lower surfaces, while air may remain inside the pores in the central region of the porous membrane 110.

[0125] In the first impregnation region 122 and the second impregnation region 132 (edge ​​region), the refractive index difference between the polymer matrix 111 and the pore-filling resin may become smaller. For example, when the porous membrane layer 110 includes PE with a refractive index of about 1.52 and the refractive index of the PSA resin impregnated into the pores 112 is about 1.49, the refractive index difference between the polymer matrix and the resin filling portion in the edge region may be at the level of about 0.03.

[0126] Conversely, in the non-impregnated region 114 (central region), because air may remain inside the pores, the refractive index difference between the polymer matrix 111 and the air-filled pores 112 may be greater than that in the edge region. Therefore, the porous film layer 110 can have a minimum effective refractive index difference in the edge region and a thickness-direction gradient structure in which the effective refractive index difference gradually increases towards the central region. In other words, through resin impregnation, the optical discontinuity between the polymer matrix and the pore-filled portion is mitigated in the edge region, while in the central region, a relatively large optical discontinuity can be maintained through the air pores.

[0127] In this effective refractive index gradient structure, light incident from the light source experiences relatively less abrupt interface scattering or reflection as it passes through the edge region of the nanodiffuse film. Subsequently, as the light travels towards the central region, scattering occurs due to the refractive index difference caused by air pores, thus softening the light source pattern.

[0128] Therefore, the nano-diffusion film 1230 of the embodiment can reduce transmission loss at the surface of the porous film layer 110 while maintaining diffusion function at the center. This allows for an optical design that simultaneously considers transmittance and haze.

[0129] Furthermore, as the effective refractive index difference gradually increases from the edge region to the center region, light does not pass through the interface of abrupt refractive index discontinuity, but rather through a region with a gentle optical gradient. This suppresses interface reflection or excessive scattering at the surface and disperses the direction of light in the internal scattering regions.

[0130] For example, when the impregnation thicknesses L1 and L2 of the first impregnation region 122 and the second impregnation region 132 are the same, the effective refractive index gradient can be symmetrically distributed with reference to the center of the thickness direction of the porous film layer 110. In this case, a structure can be formed with a small effective refractive index difference in the edge regions adjacent to the upper and lower surfaces, and a large effective refractive index difference in the central region.

[0131] When the impregnation thicknesses of the upper and lower impregnation regions are different, the effective refractive index gradient can have an asymmetric distribution. In this case, the effective refractive index difference between the light source side edge region and the display panel side edge region can be different, thereby adjusting the proportions of incident side scattering, internal scattering, and outgoing side scattering.

[0132] For example, when the impregnation thickness L1 on the display panel side is greater than the impregnation thickness L2 on the light source side, the effective refractive index difference in the edge region on the emission side can be smaller. In this case, when the light scattered at the center exits towards the display panel side, the additional scattering is mitigated, thereby increasing the front-side transmittance component.

[0133] Conversely, when the impregnation thickness L2 on the light source side is greater than the impregnation thickness L1 on the display panel side, the effective refractive index difference in the incident edge region can be smaller. In this case, light incident from the light source can be scattered in the non-impregnated region 114 in the center or near the emitting side after flowing into the porous film layer 110 relatively efficiently.

[0134] Therefore, in this invention, by adjusting the resin filling rate in the thickness direction of the porous film layer 110, the effective refractive index gradient, scattering position, scattering intensity, and angular distribution of emitted light can be controlled.

[0135] Reference Figure 5Light emitted from the backlight can be incident through the lower surface of the nano-diffuse film. The nano-diffuse film includes multiple pores, some of which can exist as resin-filled impregnated pores, while others can exist as non-impregnated pores containing air. Thus, the incident light sequentially encounters the interfaces of the resin-filled pores, air pores, and polymer matrix inside the nano-diffuse film, thereby producing refraction, scattering, and partial reflection.

[0136] As indicated by the arrows in the attached diagram, a portion of the light incident upwards from the backlight changes its direction of travel due to the pore structure 112 inside the porous film layer 110, thus allowing it to exit at various angles. In particular, when air pores remain in the non-impregnated region 114 at the center, scattering can occur relatively strongly due to the refractive index difference between the polymer matrix 111 and the air pores 112, thereby converting the direct light from the light source into diffused light with a wide angular distribution.

[0137] When resin is impregnated into a portion of the pores 112 in the first impregnation region 122 and the second impregnation region 132 of the porous membrane layer 110, the refractive index mismatch between the polymer matrix 111 and the internal medium of the pores 112 can be mitigated in this region. Therefore, excessive surface scattering or interface reflection can be suppressed in the first impregnation region 122 and the second impregnation region 132 (edge ​​regions), and transmission loss of light during its entry into the porous membrane layer 110 or its emission to the outside can be reduced.

[0138] A portion of the incident light can be reflected laterally or downward at the pore interface, or backscattered. This backscattered component can be recycled by reflectors in the backlight unit, while the lateral scattered component can help mitigate the light source pattern by dispersing light to adjacent areas. Therefore, in this structure, the transmittance enhancement resulting from resin impregnation in the impregnation areas (122, 132) and the haze maintenance resulting from the residual air pores 112 in the center can be achieved simultaneously.

[0139] In the nanodiffusion film 1230, the non-impregnation rate of the porous film layer 110 can be approximately 20% to 50%. Within this range, in the edge region of the nanodiffusion film, the refractive index mismatch is mitigated by resin impregnation, thereby improving transmittance, while in the central region, scattering is maintained due to the residual air pores.

[0140] In the accompanying drawings, the thickness L1 of the upper first impregnation region 122 and the thickness L2 of the lower second impregnation region 132 may be the same or different.

[0141] When L1 and L2 are different, the asymmetry can be between 0.15 and 0.6. The asymmetry can be defined by the following mathematical formula 2.

[0142] Mathematical formula 2 Asymmetry = |L1–L2| / (L1+L2) If the asymmetry is within the above range, the incident efficiency of the light source side, the scattering of the center, and the emission characteristics of the display panel side can be adjusted according to the purpose.

[0143] On the other hand, the refractive index difference (Δn) between the edge regions (first impregnation region and second impregnation region) of the porous film layer 110 e The refractive index difference (Δn) between the non-impregnated region 114 of the porous film layer 110 and the non-impregnated region 114 c The ratio of (△n) e / △n c The value can be approximately 0.01 to 0.2.

[0144] For example, when the polymer matrix 111 of the porous membrane layer 110 is PE with a refractive index of approximately 1.52, and the refractive index of the resin is approximately 1.49, the refractive index difference in the edge region can be approximately 0.03. Conversely, when the medium inside the pores in the non-impregnated region is air, the refractive index difference between the polymer matrix and air can be approximately 0.52.

[0145] Within the range of the refractive index difference ratio, the refractive index mismatch is sufficiently mitigated in the edge region, thereby reducing scattering and reflection at the surface, while in the central region, scattering caused by air pores can be maintained. Therefore, a balanced increase in transmittance and maintenance of haze can be achieved.

[0146] In the nanodiffusion film 1230 of the embodiment, in order to illustrate the scattering potential maintained by the non-impregnated region 114, the residual porosity scattering coefficient t satisfying the following mathematical formula 3 can be used. c .

[0147] Mathematical Formula 3 t c =[d c ×Φ c ×(△n 空气 ) 2 ] / a p In the above mathematical formula 3, d c Φ represents the thickness of the non-impregnated region 114. c It is the porosity of the air-filled pores in the non-impregnated region 114, Δn 空气 a represents the refractive index difference between the polymer matrix 111 of the porous membrane layer 110 and air. p This indicates the average pore size (diameter).

[0148] In the nanodiffusion film 1230 of the embodiment, t c It can be approximately 2 to 50. When t cWhen t is less than 2, the scattering contribution from the non-impregnated region 114 is insufficient, and it may not be able to adequately maintain the haze. When t c When the value is greater than 50, excessive scattering occurs in the non-impregnated region 114, which may lead to a decrease in transmittance and front brightness. For example, t c It can be approximately 5 to 30. Within this range, transmittance can be sufficiently improved through the impregnation area while maintaining light source shielding power and haze.

[0149] Reference Figures 6a to 6d This allows for the comparison of the optical properties of original images, unimpregnated porous membranes, partially resin-impregnated porous membranes, and fully impregnated porous membranes. Specifically, Figure 6a For the original image, Figure 6b The image, transmittance TT, haze Hz, and refractive index gradient are shown when a non-resin-impregnated porous membrane is placed on top of the original image. Figure 6c The image, transmittance TT, haze Hz, and refractive index gradient are shown when a partially resin-impregnated porous membrane is placed on top of the original image. Figure 6d The image shows the transmittance TT, haze Hz, and refractive index gradient when a fully resin-impregnated porous membrane is placed on top of the original image.

[0150] The porous membrane used consists of a polymer matrix made of PE and multiple pores. The refractive index of PE is 1.52, and the total thickness of the porous membrane is approximately 21 μm (refer to...). Figure 3b In addition, the resin used is a PSA resin with a viscosity of 191 cP and an RI value of 1.49.

[0151] L1 is 1 / 4 of the thickness d of the porous membrane, and L2 is also 1 / 4 of the thickness d of the porous membrane.

[0152] Reference Figure 6b Without impregnation, the values ​​for TT (transmittance) are shown as 68.9 and Hz as 98. This means that due to the unimpregnated nanopores, light is scattered at the interfaces of each pore, resulting in very high haze and relatively low total transmittance. When unimpregnated, the pores are filled with air with a refractive index of 1.0. Due to the refractive index difference of 0.52 (effective refractive index) between air and the polymer matrix (PE matrix with a refractive index of 1.52), relatively large scattering occurs, and the transmittance TT characteristic may be reduced. In addition, the lower color pattern is almost unrecognizable or appears blurry.

[0153] At this point, the gradient of the effective refractive index from the light source to the point where it passes through the porous membrane can be distributed in a step-like manner.

[0154] In the case of partial impregnation, the structure can be shown as one in which the resin penetrates to a certain depth from the upper and lower parts of the porous membrane, while air pores remain in the center. In this structure, the refractive index difference at the surface is mitigated, while the refractive index difference at the center is maintained.

[0155] In this case, the values ​​shown are TT 77.3 and Hz 98. This means that while transmittance increases due to resin impregnation into some pores, haze remains high due to the central non-impregnated area or residual scattering centers. The lower color pattern may be more pronounced than... Figure 6b The situation is more clearly visible, but the diffusion effect is still maintained. This is because the resin impregnation on the surface increases the transmittance, while scattering in the center or some of the non-impregnated pores is maintained.

[0156] The pores impregnated with resin are filled with resin with a refractive index of 1.49. Due to the difference between the resin and the PE matrix with a refractive index of 1.52 (effective refractive index of 0.03), the scattering is relatively reduced and the transmittance is increased.

[0157] Furthermore, in the partially impregnated state, the pores in the center still contain air, so scattering can be maintained in the center due to the large refractive index difference between PE and air.

[0158] At this point, the effective refractive index distribution can form a continuous gradient type. As the resin filling rate gradually decreases from the film surface towards the center, the difference in effective refractive index also gradually changes. Therefore, the continuous gradient type of effective refractive index distribution can reduce reflection caused by abrupt refractive index changes at the interface. In addition, since light gradually enters the scattering environment as it travels from the surface to the interior, it is beneficial to simultaneously adjust transmittance and diffusivity.

[0159] Specifically, light incident from the light source can first pass through the lower resin layer and the lower impregnation region. When the pores in the lower impregnation region are filled with resin, the light can enter the interior of the nano-diffusive film while experiencing a relatively small refractive index difference.

[0160] When light reaches the non-impregnated area in the center, it is scattered at the interface between the air pores and the polymer matrix. This scattering blurs the dotted or linear pattern of the light source, thereby increasing its shielding power.

[0161] Some of the light scattered in the central non-impregnated area can travel upwards towards the upper impregnated area, while another portion can travel sideways or downwards. The light returning downwards can be recycled upwards again by the reflective layer or backlight structure.

[0162] Light reaching the upper impregnation area can exit after experiencing a relatively small refractive index difference at the surface. Therefore, additional scattering and interface reflection at the surface can be reduced, and the scattered light can be transmitted more efficiently toward the display panel.

[0163] Therefore, this partially impregnated structure can provide a balance between increased transmittance and haze maintenance by forming a light path that provides the required scattering on the light source side or inside while reducing excessive scattering loss on the emission side.

[0164] Reference Figure 6d In the case of a fully impregnated porous membrane, the values ​​of TT are shown to be 91.3 and Hz 7.4. This means that the resin fills most of the pores, the refractive index difference is reduced, scattering is significantly reduced, and thus the transparency is increased. Specifically, the effective refractive index is almost uniform at 0.03 from the center to the edge of the membrane, so the light diffusion function may be significantly weakened.

[0165] The foregoing Figures 6a to 6d This is merely an example, and the invention is not limited thereto. The porous membrane layer 110 in the embodiment can be modified in various ways.

[0166] In the attached drawings, the thickness L1 of the first impregnation region 122 located at the top and the thickness L2 of the second impregnation region 132 located at the bottom can be the same as or different from each other.

[0167] For example, when the upper impregnation thickness L1 is relatively large, scattering on the exiting side surface can be reduced, thus increasing transmittance and front brightness. However, if L1 is too large, the overall haze will decrease, which may result in insufficient light source shielding.

[0168] When the lower impregnation thickness L2 is relatively larger, reflection and initial scattering on the incident side surface can be reduced. This may be beneficial for efficiently introducing light into the interior of the nanodiffuse film. However, if L2 is too large, the chance of scattering before reaching the center may be reduced.

[0169] A structure where L1 is greater than L2 can be used to improve the transparency of the display panel side while maintaining diffusion on the light source side or in the center. This structure may be suitable when front brightness and surface clarity are given priority.

[0170] A structure with L2 greater than L1 can be used to reduce interface losses on the light source side while allowing more scattering or diffusion on the emission side. This structure may be suitable when light source shielding power or a wide viewing angle is a priority.

[0171] When both L1 and L2 are too small, the non-immersion area is thicker, and the haze may be very high. In this case, the light source shielding effect may be excellent, but the brightness of the front of the display device may be reduced.

[0172] For example, L1 and L2 can both satisfy the following mathematical formulas 4 to 6 relative to the thickness d of the porous membrane layer 110.

[0173] Mathematical expression 4 0.1d≤L1≤0.45d Mathematical formula 5 0.1d≤L2≤0.45d Mathematical formula 6 0.30d≤L1+L2≤0.75d When L1, L2, and the sum of L1 and L2 are too small, the thickness of the impregnated area is too thin, the mitigation effect of refractive index mismatch is insufficient, and the improvement effect on transmittance may be small. In addition, when L1, L2, and the sum of L1 and L2 are too large, the number of air-filled pores 112 in the non-impregnated area is insufficient, and the haze and light source shielding power may be reduced.

[0174] Within the range of satisfying the above mathematical formulas 4 to 6, the transmittance enhancement effect can be maintained, as well as the haze maintenance effect and the light source shielding power.

[0175] The first resin layer 120 and the second resin layer 130, together with the porous membrane layer 110, affect the optical properties of the nanodiffusion membrane 1230.

[0176] The first resin layer 120 and the second resin layer 130 may include, for example, PSA, but are not limited thereto.

[0177] There are various types of PSA, and depending on the type, the viscosity and refractive index can differ. Even when impregnated using the same process, the penetration time can vary, resulting in different impregnation depths. The penetration times for different types of PSA are summarized in Table 1 below.

[0178] Table 1

[0179]

[0180] For example, PSA with a viscosity of 61 cP and a refractive index of 1.488 can exhibit a complete impregnation time of 2 to 3 seconds, while PSA with a viscosity of 191 cP and a refractive index of 1.499 can exhibit a complete impregnation time of 10 to 15 seconds.

[0181] Even high-viscosity resins can penetrate rapidly if their surface tension, contact angle, or affinity with pore walls is favorable for impregnation, while even low-viscosity resins may penetrate relatively slowly if their wettability or interfacial conditions are unfavorable.

[0182] Therefore, in the embodiments, when selecting a resin, factors such as refractive index, surface tension, contact angle, pore structure, surface treatment, and process temperature can be considered comprehensively to select the resin material, rather than using viscosity as the sole criterion.

[0183] When using PSA with a too-short immersion time of 2 to 3 seconds, it may be difficult to fabricate a nanodiffusion film 1230 with non-immersion areas. In this case, the immersion rate can be slowed down by shortening the curing time, mixing resins to adjust viscosity or wettability, or lowering the process temperature.

[0184] Productivity may decrease when using PSA with excessively long impregnation times. In such cases, the impregnation rate can be increased by raising the temperature, reducing the contact angle through surface treatment, or mixing resins with high surface tension.

[0185] The refractive index of the resin can affect optical properties even in a fully impregnated state. For example, the refractive index difference between PSA with a refractive index of 1.470 and the PE matrix can be greater than that between PSA with a refractive index of 1.500, thus resulting in higher scattering even with the same impregnation thickness.

[0186] Therefore, the scattering properties of the impregnated area can be adjusted by lowering or increasing the refractive index of the resin. When increased transparency is required, a resin with a refractive index close to that of the matrix can be used, while when partial retention of diffusion function is required, a resin with a certain level of refractive index difference can be used.

[0187] The surface tension of a resin affects not only interfacial penetration but also surface smoothness. Resins with low surface tension can spread widely on a surface, but capillary penetration into the pores is determined by the contact angle. Resins with high surface tension can increase capillary driving force, but if wettability is insufficient, uniform penetration may be difficult to achieve.

[0188] The viscosity of the resin can also affect the pressure-induced flow during the lamination process. Low-viscosity resins can penetrate further into the pores during lamination, while high-viscosity resins can remain on the surface layer and more strongly perform the function of the adhesive or planarization layer.

[0189] When the lamination pressure is high, the resin can move deeper into the pores. Therefore, L1 and L2 can be adjusted not only by simple settling time, but also by lamination pressure and pressing time.

[0190] When the resin is UV-curable, the UV irradiation time is a crucial parameter for determining the impregnation thickness. Irradiating with UV light shortly after resin coating results in a shallow impregnation structure; irradiating with UV light after a settling period results in a deep impregnation structure. Furthermore, when rapid impregnation is desired, the process temperature parameter can be added to shorten the time.

[0191] When the resin is thermosetting, the heating start time and heating temperature profile can be parameters for fixing the impregnation thickness. In the initial stage of heating, the viscosity decreases, which can promote impregnation, but as curing progresses, the viscosity increases, which can inhibit additional impregnation.

[0192] In one embodiment, the resin layer can be directly coated onto the upper or lower surface of the nano-diffusion film. Coating methods may include slit coating, gravure coating, bar coating, doctor blade coating, roller coating, spraying, inkjet coating, or dispensing.

[0193] In another embodiment, the resin layer can be first formed on the substrate layer or optical film, and then bonded to the nanodiffusion film. In this case, the resin can penetrate into the pores of the nanodiffusion film by adjusting the bonding pressure and bonding time.

[0194] The thickness of the first resin layer 120 and the second resin layer 130 can each be from about 1 μm to 20 μm. When the thickness of the resin layer is too thin, it may be difficult to provide sufficient adhesion or impregnation, while when it is too thick, the total thickness of the nanodiffusion film 1230 may increase or optical loss may increase.

[0195] The first resin layer 120 and the second resin layer 130 can function as adhesive layers. For example, the first resin layer can bond the nano-diffusion film to the upper layer, and the second resin layer can bond the nano-diffusion film to the lower layer.

[0196] The first resin layer 120 and the second resin layer 130 can also function as refractive index adjusting layers. In this case, the resin layers can be preferentially designed to control the filling rate and refractive index within the pores, rather than the adhesive force.

[0197] The resin layer may include scattering particles (not shown). When the resin layer includes scattering particles, haze can be compensated for by particle scattering even if pore scattering is reduced due to resin impregnation.

[0198] For example, scattering particles (not shown) may include TiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, ZnO, BaSO4, SiO2, CaCO3, or hollow particles. Particles with relatively high refractive indices have a large refractive index difference with the resin, providing strong scattering.

[0199] The scattering pattern can be adjusted based on the average particle size of the scattering particles, such as Rayleigh scattering, Mie scattering, and geometric scattering.

[0200] Such scattering particles (not shown) may be included in the non-impregnated regions 114 within the porous membrane layer 110, in which case the scattering particles can generate scattering together with scattering at the pore interface. For example, Rayleigh scattering caused by pores can provide diffusion over a wide angle, while Mie scattering caused by scattering particles can supplement the brightness distribution over a specific angular range.

[0201] When scattering particles (not shown) are included in the impregnation regions (122, 132) within the porous membrane layer 110, the scattering particles can still scatter light in the impregnation regions even if the resin filling of the pores reduces pore scattering. This structure is advantageous for achieving both high transmittance and a certain level of haze simultaneously.

[0202] Scattered particles can be more concentrated in the upper impregnation region of the nano-diffuse film 1230, or more concentrated in the lower impregnation region. When there are more scattered particles in the upper region, the diffusion on the emission side can be increased; when there are more scattered particles in the lower region, the shielding force on the light source side can be increased.

[0203] The content of scattering particles relative to the total weight of the nanodiffusion film 1230 can be from about 0.01% to 30% by weight, for example, from about 0.1% to 10% by weight. When the content is too low, the scattering supplementation effect is insufficient; when it is too high, it may lead to reduced transmittance and particle aggregation.

[0204] Scattering particles can have a single particle size distribution or include particles of two or more different sizes. By combining different particle sizes, Rayleigh scattering, Mie scattering, and geometric scattering can be adjusted simultaneously.

[0205] When pores and scattering particles coexist, the path of light can become more complex. Light incident from the light source may first undergo low scattering in the resin-impregnated region, then be scattered at a wide angle in the non-impregnated pores, and subsequently be further scattered forward or laterally at the scattering particles.

[0206] This composite scattering structure is advantageous for simultaneously achieving both light source shielding and frontal brightness. For example, when excessive haze and low brightness result solely from pore scattering, the desired haze can be restored by reducing pore scattering through resin impregnation and adjusting the content of scattering particles.

[0207] Conversely, if the haze is too low after resin impregnation, scattering particles can be added to the resin or nano-diffusive film to increase the haze. In this case, the reduction in transmittance can be minimized by selecting the refractive index and particle size of the scattering particles.

[0208] Surface treatment can also be performed on the surface of the porous membrane layer 110. Surface treatment can adjust the degree to which the resin penetrates into the pores and can contribute to long-term reliability or prevent peeling.

[0209] When the first resin layer 120 and the second resin layer 130 are PSA, the PSA can bond other optical films or substrate layers while being impregnated into the porous film layer 110. Therefore, the lamination process can be simplified without the need for additional adhesive layers.

[0210] However, in this invention, the resin is not limited to PSA. The resin may include acrylic, polyurethane, epoxy, silicone, polyester, polyolefin or copolymers thereof.

[0211] On the other hand, the shape of the pores 112 in the porous membrane layer 110 can be circular, elliptical, elongated, mesh-like, slit-like, or irregular. The shape of the pores can affect the angular distribution of light scattering and the impregnation rate.

[0212] For example, elliptical or elongated apertures 112 can exhibit different light scattering characteristics in the long axis direction and the short axis direction. In this case, the viewing angle characteristics can be adjusted by aligning the stretching direction of the film with the lateral or longitudinal direction of the display device.

[0213] For example, in a continuous pore structure where pores 112 are interconnected, resin can easily penetrate deeply. Conversely, when pores 112 are independent or have low connectivity, resin impregnation may be confined to the vicinity of the surface.

[0214] Therefore, the manufacturing method and pore connectivity of the porous membrane 110 can be selected according to the target impregnation thickness. For example, in order to easily realize a semi-permeable porous membrane 110, the pore connectivity and resin properties can be designed so that the resin does not penetrate the entire thickness too quickly.

[0215] The resin impregnation amount of a porous membrane layer 110 with high porosity may be increased. In this case, the resin consumption increases, and the mechanical or dimensional stability of the membrane after impregnation may change. Therefore, the resin impregnation amount can be adjusted together with the porosity and the resin layer thickness.

[0216] A porous membrane layer 110 with low porosity may have a small impregnation amount and high transmittance, but its diffusion function may be insufficient. In this case, haze can be compensated by adding scattering particles or by making the non-impregnated region 114 thicker.

[0217] The TT and haze of the nano-diffusion film 1230 can be adjusted and controlled by combining various factors such as resin impregnation thickness, resin refractive index, porosity, pore size and scattering particles.

[0218] For example, when you want to increase TT and reduce haze, you can increase the resin impregnation thickness, select a resin with a refractive index close to that of the polymer matrix 111, and reduce the porosity or the content of scattering particles.

[0219] When you want to increase haze while keeping TT at a certain level, you can reduce transmission loss by impregnating the surface with resin and maintain scattering by using the non-impregnated central area or scattering particles.

[0220] When you want to increase haze and enhance light source shielding, you can reduce the impregnation thickness, use a porous film layer with high porosity, or add scattering particles with large refractive index differences.

[0221] To increase frontal brightness, the impregnation thickness can be increased to reduce excessive backscattering or lateral scattering, or scattering particles with forward scattering tendency can be used. However, in this case, the light source shielding power may be reduced, so it can be adjusted according to the pixel structure and light source spacing of the display device.

[0222] For example, in direct-lit backlights with large light source spacing, light source shielding is more important, so the haze may need to be high enough. In this case, the central non-impregnated area can be kept thicker or scattering particles can be added. Conversely, in mini-LED backlights with small light source spacing, the light source shielding requirement may be relatively low, so transmittance and front brightness can be prioritized to increase the impregnation thickness.

[0223] Figures 7a to 7i A diagram illustrating an example of a display device according to an embodiment.

[0224] In the following text, Figures 7a to 7i Using the figures as an example, the display device according to the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to... Figures 7a to 7i The display device in the embodiment can be designed in various ways.

[0225] Reference Figure 7a The display device 1000 may include a backlight unit 1100 and an optical component 1200 located on the backlight unit 1100. The backlight unit 1100 may be a light source that provides light to the display panel, such as a direct-lit backlight unit. However, the type of backlight unit 1100 is not limited to this, and various structures such as edge-lit backlight units, mini-LED backlight units, and locally dimming backlight units may be used.

[0226] Optical component 1200 may include multiple optical layers for diffusing, refracting, scattering, focusing, or redistributing light provided from backlight unit 1100. Figure 7a In the embodiments, the optical component 1200 may include, in the direction away from the backlight unit 1100: a first diffusion auxiliary layer 1202, a foamed polymer layer 1210, a first optical adhesive layer 1212, a first transparent polymer layer 1220, a nano-diffusion film 1230, a spacer layer 1250, a second optical adhesive layer 1258, a second transparent polymer layer 1260, a first light diffusion layer 1262, a third optical adhesive layer 1269, a third transparent polymer layer 1270, a second light diffusion layer 1272, a fourth optical adhesive layer 1274, a fourth transparent polymer layer 1280, and a third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292.

[0227] The first diffusion aid layer 1202 can be located on the lower surface of the optical component 1200, i.e., the surface adjacent to the backlight unit 1100. The first diffusion aid layer 1202 can preliminarily adjust the incident angle distribution of light before the light emitted from the backlight unit 1100 is incident on the foamed polymer layer 1210. The first diffusion aid layer 1202 can include one or more of the following structures: matte structure, bead structure, lens structure, prism structure, pyramid structure, or biconvex lens structure. The shapes shown in the figure are only examples.

[0228] In another embodiment, the first diffusion auxiliary layer 1202 may be omitted.

[0229] In another embodiment, the first diffusion aid layer 1202 may be omitted, and one side of the foamed polymer layer 1210 may have a specific pattern or a specific surface roughness.

[0230] Although not shown in the figure, diffusing beads (not shown) may be dispersed in the first diffusion aid layer 1202. These diffusing beads may include, for example, metal oxides capable of generating light scattering, such as TiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, ZnO, etc., but are not limited to these. The average particle size (size) of the diffusing beads may be less than approximately 5 μm. These diffusing beads can increase the haze in the first diffusion aid layer 1202 and enhance light scattering.

[0231] The same applies to the description of the first diffusion auxiliary layer 1202 as to the diffusion auxiliary layers 1254 and 1292 described below.

[0232] The foamed polymer layer 1210 may be a layer of foamed polymer material comprising multiple pores. The foamed polymer layer 1210 may perform a masking function to suppress the visibility of the light source position of the backlight unit 1100 in the display area, and may improve the uniformity of light through multiple scattering of light.

[0233] The foamed polymer layer 1210 may include, for example, one or more compounds selected from PET, PC, PS, PE, PP or PMMA, and as long as it can ensure a certain level of durability, is easy to form pores through foaming process, and can be applied to roll-to-roll processes, other polymer materials may also be used.

[0234] The porosity of the foamed polymer layer 1210 can be from about 0.1% to 60%, within which light diffusivity, light efficiency, and optical uniformity can be superior. If the porosity of the foamed polymer layer 1210 is less than about 0.1%, the scattering of light incident from the light source will be insufficient, which may lead to reduced light diffusivity and light efficiency, and the shielding power may also decrease. Conversely, if the porosity of the foamed polymer layer 1210 exceeds about 60%, the performance of shielding the light source will improve, but the optical properties may decrease.

[0235] For example, the porosity of the foamed polymer layer 1210 can be from about 0.1% to 5%. If the porosity of the foamed polymer layer 1210 is less than about 0.1%, the scattering of light incident from the light source will be insufficient, which may lead to a decrease in light diffusion and light efficiency, and the shielding power may be reduced.

[0236] The cross-section or longitudinal section of a pore can have a variety of sizes and shapes. For example, the cross-section or longitudinal section of a pore can be circular or elliptical with various curvatures, and in the case of an elliptical pore, it can have various aspect ratios.

[0237] The thickness of the foamed polymer layer 1210 can be from approximately 100 μm to 700 μm. If the thickness of the foamed polymer layer 1210 is less than approximately 100 μm, the durability of the optical component may be reduced; if the thickness of the foamed polymer layer 1210 exceeds approximately 700 μm, it is difficult to integrally form it with the quantum dot layer using roll-to-roll processes, which may increase the process cost.

[0238] However, the foamed polymer layer 1210 can be Figure 7a The optional configurations included in the embodiments are not essential configurations in all embodiments of the present invention.

[0239] The first optical adhesive layer 1212 can bond the foamed polymer layer 1210 to the first transparent polymer layer 1220. The first optical adhesive layer 1212 may include a pressure-sensitive adhesive such as PSA, and may include diffusing particles, such as BaSO4, TiO2, ZnO, PMMA beads, foamed particles, or combinations thereof, as needed. When the first optical adhesive layer 1212 includes diffusing particles, it can not only perform a simple adhesive function, but also an auxiliary light diffusion function.

[0240] The first transparent polymer layer 1220 can be used as a substrate layer to support the nanodiffusion film 1230 or to improve the mechanical strength and dimensional stability of the optical component 1200. The first transparent polymer layer 1220 may include, for example, PET, PC, PMMA, COP, TAC, PS, PP, PE, or combinations thereof. The first transparent polymer layer 1220 is located below the nanodiffusion film 1230 and can improve the operability, adhesion, and roll-to-roll processability of the nanodiffusion film 1230.

[0241] The nanodiffusion membrane 1230 may include a porous membrane layer 110, a first resin layer 120 located on one side of the porous membrane layer 110, and a second resin layer 130 located on the other side of the porous membrane layer 110. The porous membrane layer 110 may include a polymer matrix 111 and a plurality of pores 112 distributed within the polymer matrix 111. The pores 112 may have nanoscale dimensions and can generate Rayleigh scattering or Mie scattering through the refractive index difference between the pores 112 and the polymer matrix 111.

[0242] The resin of at least one of the first resin layer 120 and the second resin layer 130 can permeate into at least a portion of the pores 112 of the porous membrane layer 110. Thus, the nanodiffusion membrane 1230 may include resin-impregnated and non-impregnated regions along the thickness direction of the porous membrane layer 110. In the resin-impregnated regions, since resin, rather than air, is present inside the pores 112, the refractive index difference between the polymer matrix 111 and the medium inside the pores can be reduced, thereby mitigating excessive scattering and increasing transmittance. Conversely, in the non-impregnated regions, scattering caused by the pores 112 is maintained, thereby ensuring haze and light source shielding.

[0243] The spacer layer 1250 may be located on top of the nanodiffuse film 1230. The spacer layer 1250 may include a plurality of spacers 1252, and air may exist between the spacers 1252. The spacers 1252 may function to maintain the spacing between the upper optical layer and the lower optical layer, and due to the refractive index difference between the spacers 1252 and air, a portion of the incident light may be refracted, reflected, or diffused. In addition, the spacer layer 1250 may also include a second diffusion aid layer 1254, which may further adjust the distribution of light incident on or passing through the spacer layer 1250.

[0244] The spacer layer 1250 can induce total internal reflection and light focusing by utilizing the effective refractive index difference at the interface through the air gap (air), and can also mitigate visual unevenness, wrinkles, moiré patterns, etc., and can perform heat dissipation and support functions.

[0245] Although not illustrated, the spacer 1252 of the spacer layer 1250 may also include light-diffusing particles or light-scattering particles.

[0246] The second optical adhesive layer 1258, the second transparent polymer layer 1260, the first light diffusion layer 1262, the third optical adhesive layer 1269, the third transparent polymer layer 1270, the second light diffusion layer 1272, the fourth optical adhesive layer 1274, the fourth transparent polymer layer 1280, and the third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292 can constitute the upper optical film assembly, used to adjust the direction of light travel, front brightness, viewing angle, and uniformity of light passing through the nano-diffuser film 1230. The first light diffusion layer 1262 and the second light diffusion layer 1272 can each include one or more structures selected from prism structure, pyramid structure, lens structure, biconvex lens structure, or matte structure, and can have the same or different orientations.

[0247] In addition, the first light diffusion layer 1262 and the second light diffusion layer 1272 can perform diffusion and focusing functions.

[0248] according to Figure 7a In this embodiment, light emitted from the backlight unit 1100 is initially diffused as it passes through the first diffusion aid layer 1202 and the foamed polymer layer 1210, and then enters the nano-diffusive film 1230 after passing through the first optical adhesive layer 1212 and the first transparent polymer layer 1220. In the nano-diffusive film 1230, the transmittance and haze can be adjusted through the pores 112 of the porous film layer 110 and the resin impregnation structure. Subsequently, the light sequentially passes through the spacer layer 1250, the first light diffusion layer 1262, the second light diffusion layer 1272, and the third diffusion aid layer 1292, and is focused towards the front direction or diffused over a wide angle range. Therefore, Figure 7a The structure combines the shielding properties of the foamed polymer layer 1210, the nanopore scattering of the nano-diffusing film 1230 and the transmittance adjustment function caused by resin impregnation, as well as the light focusing and diffusion functions of the upper light diffusion layer, to simultaneously adjust the light source shielding power, brightness and uniformity.

[0249] Specifically, light emitted upwards from the backlight unit 1100 can first be incident on the first diffusion auxiliary layer 1202. Since the first diffusion auxiliary layer 1202 is located at the bottom of the optical component 1200, it can perform a preliminary diffusion function on the light emitted from the light source of the backlight unit 1100 with relatively high directionality. As a result, the brightness difference between the region directly above the light source and the region between the light source can be mitigated, and the light can have a wider angular distribution before incident on the foamed polymer layer 1210.

[0250] Light passing through the first diffusion auxiliary layer 1202 can be incident on the foamed polymer layer 1210. The foamed polymer layer 1210 can perform multiple scattering of the incident light through the refractive index difference between its internal pores and the polymer matrix. In this process, part of the light travels upward, while another part travels laterally or is backscattered downward. The downward-scattered light can be reflected upward again by the reflective structure on the backlight unit 1100 side and recycled, thus the foamed polymer layer 1210 can perform the function of improving the light source shielding power and brightness uniformity.

[0251] Light passing through the foamed polymer layer 1210 can sequentially pass through the first optical adhesive layer 1212 and the first transparent polymer layer 1220. The first optical adhesive layer 1212, while bonding the foamed polymer layer 1210 to the first transparent polymer layer 1220, can reduce the air gaps between the layers, thereby reducing interface reflection loss. When the first optical adhesive layer 1212 includes diffusing particles, the light initially diffused in the foamed polymer layer 1210 can be further finely scattered in the first optical adhesive layer 1212, thus allowing for a more uniform light distribution that is incident on the nano-diffuse film 1230.

[0252] Light passing through the first transparent polymer layer 1220 can sequentially pass through the second resin layer 130, the porous membrane layer 110, and the first resin layer 120 of the nano-diffusive membrane 1230. Since the second resin layer 130 can be impregnated into at least a portion of the lower pores of the porous membrane layer 110, it can mitigate the sharp refractive index difference at the lower interface of the porous membrane layer 110. Therefore, excessive reflection and loss of light can be reduced, and light can flow more stably into the interior of the porous membrane layer 110.

[0253] Light flowing into the porous membrane 110 is scattered and refracted as it passes through the polymer matrix 111, pores 112, and resin-impregnated pore regions. In the resin-impregnated regions, the refractive index difference between the polymer matrix 111 and the pore medium is reduced because resin, rather than air, is present inside the pores 112, thus mitigating the scattering intensity. Conversely, in the unimpregnated regions, nanoscale scattering caused by the pores 112 is maintained. Therefore, the nanodiffuse membrane 1230 can serve as an intermediate diffusion layer that suppresses transmittance reduction while ensuring haze and light source shielding.

[0254] Light passing through the nanodiffraction film 1230 can be incident on the spacer layer 1250. The spacer layer 1250 may include a plurality of spacers 1252 and air regions between the spacers, and due to the refractive index difference between such air regions and the surrounding resin or polymer layers, a portion of the light can be refracted or reflected. Thus, the light distribution formed when passing through the nanodiffraction film 1230 can be readjusted in the spacer layer 1250, and the light can have a certain optical distance and angular distribution before incident on the upper light diffusion layer.

[0255] Light passing through spacer layer 1250 can sequentially pass through second optical adhesive layer 1258, second transparent polymer layer 1260, first light diffusion layer 1262, third optical adhesive layer 1269, third transparent polymer layer 1270, second light diffusion layer 1272, fourth optical adhesive layer 1274, fourth transparent polymer layer 1280, and third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292. The first light diffusion layer 1262 and second light diffusion layer 1272 may each include a prism structure or similar optical pattern, thus focusing a portion of the diffused light from the lower portion towards the front or redistributing it to a specific angular range. The uppermost third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292 can mitigate minor brightness deviations in the upward-emitted light and improve the surface uniformity of the light supplied to the display panel side.

[0256] The following is for Figures 7b to 7i The display device, and the above Figure 7a The descriptions of overlapping parts will be omitted.

[0257] Reference Figure 7b The display device 1000 may include a backlight unit 1100 and an optical component 1200 located on the backlight unit 1100. Figure 7b Optical component 1200 and Figure 7a Similar to optical components, it may include a first diffusion aid layer 1202, a foamed polymer layer 1210, a nano-diffusion film 1230, a first transparent polymer layer 1220, a spacer layer 1250, a second optical adhesive layer 1258, a second transparent polymer layer 1260, a first light diffusion layer 1262, a third optical adhesive layer 1269, a third transparent polymer layer 1270, a second light diffusion layer 1272, a fourth optical adhesive layer 1274, a fourth transparent polymer layer 1280, and a third diffusion aid layer 1292.

[0258] exist Figure 7b In this embodiment, the nanodiffusion membrane 1230 may be disposed directly or substantially adjacent to the foamed polymer layer 1210. The nanodiffusion membrane 1230 may include a porous membrane layer 110, a first resin layer 120 located on the upper part of the porous membrane layer 110, and a second resin layer 130 located on the lower part of the porous membrane layer 110. In this case, the second resin layer 130 may be used as an impregnation resin layer impregnating a portion of the pores 112 of the porous membrane layer 110, and may also be used as an adhesive layer to bond the foamed polymer layer 1210 and the nanodiffusion membrane 1230.

[0259] exist Figure 7bIn this structure, because the nano-diffuse film 1230 can be positioned closer to the foamed polymer layer 1210, light initially scattered by the foamed polymer layer 1210 can directly incident on the porous film layer 110 of the nano-diffuse film 1230. Thus, the scattering caused by the relatively large pores or foaming structure of the foamed polymer layer 1210 and the scattering caused by the nanopores 112 of the nano-diffuse film 1230 can interact continuously. As a result, the visibility of the light source pattern is reduced, and the uniformity of the entire display area is improved.

[0260] The first resin layer 120 can penetrate into at least a portion of the upper pores of the porous film layer 110, and the second resin layer 130 can penetrate into at least a portion of the lower pores of the porous film layer 110. By adjusting the viscosity, surface tension, contact angle, settling time, or curing conditions of the first resin layer 120 and the second resin layer 130 to be different from each other, the upper impregnation thickness and the lower impregnation thickness of the porous film layer 110 can be made different from each other. In this case, the degree of scattering on the light source side and the degree of light diffusion emitted on the display panel side can be designed to be different from each other.

[0261] A first transparent polymer layer 1220 may be located on top of the nano-diffusive film 1230. The first transparent polymer layer 1220 protects the upper surface of the nano-diffusive film 1230 and stably supports the spacer layer 1250 and the upper optical film assembly above it. The spacer layer 1250 may include multiple spacers, and air may exist in the spaces where no spacers are present. Therefore, light passing through the spacer layer 1250 can be refracted or reflected at the surfaces of the spacers and at the interfaces with the air layers, thus achieving additional light diffusion effects.

[0262] The first light diffusion layer 1262 and the second light diffusion layer 1272 may each include a prism structure (light diffusion structure), which may be arranged in the same direction or in directions that intersect each other. For example, the first light diffusion layer 1262 may include a prism structure extending along a first direction, and the second light diffusion layer 1272 may include a prism structure extending along a second direction that intersects the first direction. In this case, light passing through the nanodiffuse film 1230 and the spacer layer 1250 may be focused to the front direction or redistributed to a specific angular range when passing through the two light diffusion layers.

[0263] In the accompanying drawings, the light diffusion structures of light diffusion layers 1262, 1272, 1242, and 1246 are not limited to those shown in the figures. The shape, height, and cross-sectional area of ​​the light diffusion structures can vary widely. The light diffusion structures may include one or more of the following: pyramid structure, matte structure, lens structure, or lenticular structure. Each structure can have various shapes, heights, and cross-sectional areas, and can be the same or different from each other, presenting a specific pattern or arranged irregularly. For example, when the light diffusion structure is a prism structure, the height and cross-sectional area of ​​each prism structure can be different, or they can be repeated with different heights. Furthermore, for example, when the light diffusion structure is a lens structure, it can be arranged in a forward, reverse, or random manner. Moreover, when the first light diffusion layer 1262 and the second light diffusion layer 1272 include prism structures in different directions, light can be focused or diffused sequentially in two directions.

[0264] The third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292 may be located at the top of the optical component 1200. The third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292 can adjust the final angular distribution of light emitted toward the display panel side. The third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292 may include a matte structure, a bead structure, a lens structure, a prism structure, or a biconvex lens structure, and can perform the function of mitigating moiré fringes, hot spots, or local brightness deviations that may occur in the upper optical layer.

[0265] according to Figure 7b In this embodiment, since the foamed polymer layer 1210 and the nano-diffusive film 1230 are disposed relatively close to each other, the diffusion function of the foamed polymer layer 1210 and the refractive index gradient diffusion function of the nano-diffusive film 1230 can be combined. Furthermore, since the second resin layer 130 of the nano-diffusive film 1230 can simultaneously perform both adhesive and diffusion functions, the number of individual adhesive layers or the total thickness of the optical component 1200 can be reduced. Therefore, Figure 7b The structure is conducive to thinning, process simplification and improved light source shielding.

[0266] Reference Figure 7c The display device 1000 may include a backlight unit 1100 and an optical component 1200 located on the backlight unit 1100. Figure 7c The embodiment is an example of a structure in which the foamed polymer layer can be omitted. That is, Figure 7c Even without the foamed polymer layer as an essential component, the optical component 1200 can ensure the light source shielding power and light diffusion characteristics through the nano-diffusive film 1230, multiple light diffusion layers and multiple diffusion auxiliary layers.

[0267] Figure 7cThe optical component 1200 may include, in the direction away from the backlight unit 1100: a first diffusion auxiliary layer 1202, a fifth transparent polymer layer 1208, a nano-diffusion film 1230, a first transparent polymer layer 1220, a third light diffusion layer 1242, a fifth optical adhesive layer 1243, a sixth transparent polymer layer 1245, a fourth light diffusion layer 1246, a sixth optical adhesive layer 1247, a seventh transparent polymer layer 1248, a spacer layer 1250, a second optical adhesive layer 1258, a second transparent polymer layer 1260, a first light diffusion layer 1262, a fourth optical adhesive layer 1274, a fourth transparent polymer layer 1280, and a third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292.

[0268] The first transparent polymer layer 1220 may be located on top of the nano-diffusing film 1230. While protecting the nano-diffusing film 1230, the first transparent polymer layer 1220 may also support the third light-diffusing layer 1242 disposed on top of it. The third light-diffusing layer 1242 may include, for example, a biconvex lens structure, but is not limited thereto. The biconvex lens structure may include multiple semi-circular or arched lens portions extending in one direction, which can diffuse or focus incident light in a specific direction.

[0269] The fifth optical adhesive layer 1243 can bond the third light diffusing layer 1242 to the sixth transparent polymer layer 1245. The sixth transparent polymer layer 1245 can be used as a substrate layer for the fourth light diffusing layer 1246, which may include a biconvex lens structure that is the same as or different from that of the third light diffusing layer 1242. For example, the third light diffusing layer 1242 and the fourth light diffusing layer 1246 may include biconvex lens structures extending in the same direction, or they may include biconvex lens structures extending in directions that intersect each other.

[0270] The sixth optical adhesive layer 1247 can bond the fourth light diffusing layer 1246 to the seventh transparent polymer layer 1248. The seventh transparent polymer layer 1248 can be used as an upper substrate layer or protective layer for the fourth light diffusing layer 1246. Thus, in Figure 7c In the embodiments, since multiple biconvex lens-type light diffusion layers can be disposed above the nano-diffusive film 1230, the light diffusion and uniformity adjustment functions can be ensured even if the foamed polymer layer is omitted.

[0271] The spacer layer 1250 may be located above the seventh transparent polymer layer 1248. The spacer layer 1250 ensures the spacing between the upper and lower optical layers and additionally refracts or diffuses light through the refractive index difference between the spacer and the air layer. The spacer layer 1250 is not limited to the shape shown in the figure, and may include a prism structure, a lens structure, a biconvex lens structure, a dot structure, a rib structure, or a combination thereof.

[0272] On the upper part of the spacer layer 1250, a second optical adhesive layer 1258, a second transparent polymer layer 1260, a first light diffusion layer 1262, a fourth optical adhesive layer 1274, a fourth transparent polymer layer 1280, and a third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292 may be arranged sequentially.

[0273] according to Figure 7c In the embodiments, even without the foamed polymer layer, the first diffusion aid layer 1202, the nano-diffusion film 1230, the third light diffusion layer 1242, the fourth light diffusion layer 1246, the spacer layer 1250, the first light diffusion layer 1262, and the third diffusion aid layer 1292 can be combined to form a multi-level diffusion structure. Therefore, Figure 7c The structure can be designed to adjust the transmittance, haze, front brightness, viewing angle and light source shielding force by adjusting the impregnation degree of the nano-diffusion film 1230, the spacing and height of the biconvex lens structure, the spacing of the spacer layer 1250, the orientation of the prism structure and the surface shape of the third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292.

[0274] Reference Figure 7d The display device 1000 may include a backlight unit 1100 and an optical component 1200 located on the backlight unit 1100. Figure 7d The optical component 1200 may include a first diffusion auxiliary layer 1202, a foamed polymer layer 1210, a foamed spacer layer 1211, a first optical adhesive layer 1212, a first transparent polymer layer 1220, a nano-diffusion film 1230, a spacer layer 1250, a second optical adhesive layer 1258, a second transparent polymer layer 1260, a first light diffusion layer 1262, a third optical adhesive layer 1269, a third transparent polymer layer 1270, a second light diffusion layer 1272, a fourth optical adhesive layer 1274, a fourth transparent polymer layer 1280, and a third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292.

[0275] The foamed spacer layer 1211 may be integrally formed on one side of the foamed polymer layer 1210, such as the upper surface of the foamed polymer layer 1210. The foamed spacer layer 1211 may include a plurality of protruding structures protruding from the foamed polymer layer 1210. The protruding structures may be prism-shaped, rib-shaped, lens-shaped, pyramid-shaped, dot-shaped, or combinations thereof, but are not limited thereto, and may have various shapes. The foamed spacer layer 1211 may be integrally formed with the foamed polymer layer 1210 by molding, embossing, patterning, or processing the surface of the foamed polymer layer 1210.

[0276] The foamed spacer layer 1211 partially ensures the spacing between the foamed polymer layer 1210 and the first transparent polymer layer 1220, and can form a local thickness difference or refractive index difference within the first optical adhesive layer 1212. Thus, light passing through the foamed polymer layer 1210 can be refracted or reflected at the inclined or curved surfaces of the foamed spacer layer 1211, and further diffused as it passes through the first optical adhesive layer 1212. When the foamed spacer layer 1211 includes a foamed structure, the foamed spacer layer 1211 itself can also generate scattering.

[0277] The nanodiffusion membrane 1230 can be located on top of the first transparent polymer layer 1220. The nanodiffusion membrane 1230 may include a porous membrane layer 110, a first resin layer 120, and a second resin layer 130. The porous membrane layer 110 may include a polymer matrix and multiple pores, and the resins of the first resin layer 120 and the second resin layer 130 can permeate from the upper and lower parts of the porous membrane layer 110 into the interior of the pores. Thus, the nanodiffusion membrane 1230 can further modulate the degree of light scattering passing through the foamed polymer layer 1210 and the foamed spacer layer 1211.

[0278] according to Figure 7d In this embodiment, since the foamed spacer layer 1211 is formed on the foamed polymer layer 1210, the foamed polymer layer 1210 is not a simple planar diffusion layer, but can become a structure that simultaneously possesses refractive and diffusion functions caused by its surface shape. Furthermore, the foamed spacer layer 1211 can provide spacer maintenance function and additional optical interfaces within the optical component 1200 without adding a separate spacer film. Moreover, in this case, the spacer layer 1250 can be omitted, and the optical function can be maintained even if the spacer layer 1250 is omitted.

[0279] therefore, Figure 7d The structure utilizes the scattering function of the foamed polymer layer 1210, the shape optical function of the foamed spacer layer 1211, the impregnation-type refractive index gradient function of the nano-diffuse film 1230, and the light-gathering and diffusion function of the upper light diffusion layer to adjust the light source shielding force, brightness, haze and viewing angle in a thin structure.

[0280] exist Figure 7e In this embodiment, light emitted upwards from the backlight unit 1100 can first be incident on a first diffusion auxiliary layer 1202 located below the optical component 1200. The first diffusion auxiliary layer 1202 may include a matte structure, a lens structure, a bead structure, or a micro-uneven structure, and can disperse the component of the light emitted from the backlight unit 1100 that travels strongly upwards towards the light source to the side. Thus, the light is initially diffused before it is incident on the fifth transparent polymer layer 1208, and the local brightness deviation caused by the position of the light source can be mitigated.

[0281] Light passing through the first diffusion aid layer 1202 can be incident on the first nanodiffusion film 1230a after passing through the fifth transparent polymer layer 1208. The first nanodiffusion film 1230a may include a first porous film layer 110a, a first resin layer 120a, and a second resin layer 130a. The second resin layer 130a can permeate into at least a portion of the lower side pores of the first porous film layer 110a, and the first resin layer 120a can permeate into at least a portion of the upper side pores of the first porous film layer 110a. Thus, the first nanodiffusion film 1230a can mitigate the sharp refractive index difference at the incident interface, while generating nanopore scattering through the non-impregnated region inside the first porous film layer 110a.

[0282] Light passing through the first nanodiffraction film 1230a undergoes Rayleigh or Mie scattering through the pores of the first porous film layer 110a. In the impregnated region formed by the first resin layer 120a and the second resin layer 130a, the refractive index mismatch between the air inside the pores and the polymer matrix is ​​mitigated, thus suppressing excessive scattering and reflection loss. Conversely, in the non-impregnated region of the first porous film layer 110a, scattering caused by air pores is maintained, thus ensuring light source shielding and haze.

[0283] Light passing through the first nanodiffraction film 1230a can, after passing through the first transparent polymer layer 1220, be incident on the second nanodiffraction film 1230b. The second nanodiffraction film 1230b may include a second porous film layer 110b and a second resin layer 130b. Figure 7e In this structure, because multiple nano-diffuse films 1230a and 1230b are spaced apart or stacked in the thickness direction, the light initially finely scattered in the lower first nano-diffuse film 1230a can be finely scattered again in the upper second nano-diffuse film 1230b. Thus, even in a structure that does not include the foamed polymer layer, the visibility of the light source can be mitigated through multi-level nanopore scattering.

[0284] The scattering that occurs in the second nano-diffuse film 1230b can further affect the light that has already diffused in the first nano-diffuse film 1230a. Therefore, the second porous film layer 110b can further disperse the light and improve the spatial uniformity of the light incident on the upper spacer layer 1250. In addition, the second resin layer 130b provides resin to a portion of the pores of the second porous film layer 110b, which can mitigate the excessive backscattering that occurs in the second nano-diffuse film 1230b.

[0285] Light passing through the second nano-diffusing film 1230b can be incident on the spacer layer 1250. The spacer layer 1250 forms an optical space between the lower nano-diffusing film group and the upper light diffusion layer, and refracts or reflects a portion of the light through the refractive index difference between the spacer and the air region. In this process, the light diffused through the multiple lower nano-diffusing films can be re-adjusted in angular distribution within the spacer layer 1250 and transmitted to the upper first light diffusion layer 1262 with a wider incident angle distribution.

[0286] Light passing through spacer layer 1250 can sequentially pass through second transparent polymer layer 1260, first light diffusion layer 1262, third transparent polymer layer 1270, second light diffusion layer 1272, fourth transparent polymer layer 1280, and third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292. The first light diffusion layer 1262 and second light diffusion layer 1272 may include a prism structure or a similar focusing and diffusing structure, which can redistribute the effective components of the diffused light from the lower portion towards the display panel. The uppermost third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292 can mitigate minor brightness deviations, moiré patterns, or localized glare on the emitting surface, improving the uniformity of light supplied to the display panel side.

[0287] Therefore, in Figure 7e In this embodiment, light sequentially passes through the first diffusion auxiliary layer 1202, the first nano-diffusing film 1230a, the second nano-diffusing film 1230b, the spacer layer 1250, the first light diffusion layer 1262, the second light diffusion layer 1272, and the third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292, gradually undergoing surface diffusion, nanopore scattering, refractive index buffering caused by resin impregnation, air interface refraction, and prism focusing. Thus, Figure 7e Even in thin structures where the foamed polymer layer is omitted, multiple nano-diffusing films can be used to ensure light source shielding and brightness uniformity.

[0288] exist Figure 7f In this embodiment, the first nano-diffusing film 1230a and the second nano-diffusing film 1230b can be disposed below the first transparent polymer layer 1220, and the third nano-diffusing film 1230c can be disposed above the first transparent polymer layer 1220. Therefore, light can undergo two levels of nano-scattering at the bottom and then another level of nano-scattering at the top, with the first transparent polymer layer 1220 as a reference. This structure differs from scattering light with a single thick diffuser layer; instead, it disperses multiple thin nano-diffusing films to form a scattering path in stages.

[0289] Light passing through the first transparent polymer layer 1220 can be incident on the second resin layer 130c and the third porous membrane layer 110c of the third nano-diffuse film 1230c. Since the third nano-diffuse film 1230c is arranged adjacent to the upper spacer layer 1250, the light distribution can be finely corrected before it is incident on the spacer layer 1250. In particular, a portion of the scattered light formed when passing through the first nano-diffuse film 1230a and the second nano-diffuse film 1230b can be further homogenized in the third nano-diffuse film 1230c.

[0290] Light passing through the third nano-diffusion film 1230c can be incident on the spacer layer 1250.

[0291] exist Figure 7g In one embodiment, light emitted from the backlight unit 1100 can be incident on the first diffusion auxiliary layer 1202 located at the bottom of the optical component 1200. Figure 7g In the structure, since the first nano-diffraction film 1230a can be disposed relatively close to the upper part of the first diffusion auxiliary layer 1202, the light emitted from the backlight unit 1100 and passing through the first diffusion auxiliary layer 1202 can directly flow into the nanopore scattering structure.

[0292] The third nano-diffusing film 1230c may include a third porous film layer 110c, a first resin layer 120c, and a second resin layer 130c. The second resin layer 130c can mitigate the refractive index mismatch of incident light at the lower interface of the third porous film layer 110c, and the first resin layer 120c can adjust the scattering intensity of emitted light at the upper interface of the third porous film layer 110c. Therefore, the third nano-diffusing film 1230c can be used as a nano-diffusing layer for final correction before transmitting the diffused light formed in the lower first nano-diffusing film 1230a and the second nano-diffusing film 1230b to the upper spacer layer 1250.

[0293] exist Figure 7g In one embodiment, the first resin layer 120c may be located below the spacer layer 1250 and simultaneously serve as the upper resin layer of the third nanodiffusion film 1230c.

[0294] Light passing through the spacer layer 1250 can sequentially pass through the second optical adhesive layer 1258, the second transparent polymer layer 1260, the first light diffusion layer 1262, the fourth optical adhesive layer 1274, the fourth transparent polymer layer 1280, and the third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292. The first light diffusion layer 1262 may include a prism structure, which can enhance or redistribute the components of the lower multi-level scattered light that are effective in the direction of the display panel to a specific viewing angle range in the front direction. The third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292 can mitigate the slight angular deviation of the uppermost emitted light and the unevenness of surface brightness.

[0295] according to Figure 7g In this embodiment, since the first nano-diffusing film 1230a, the second nano-diffusing film 1230b, and the third nano-diffusing film 1230c are arranged in multiple stages at the lower and middle parts of the optical component 1200, light emitted from the backlight unit 1100 immediately undergoes multi-stage nanopore scattering. In this structure, the light source pattern can be mitigated even without a foamed polymer layer, and by setting the pore size, porosity, resin impregnation thickness, and resin refractive index of each nano-diffusing film to be different from each other, the shielding force can be improved at the lower part, and the transmittance and front brightness can be enhanced at the upper part.

[0296] Reference Figure 7h A seventh optical adhesive layer 1288 and an eighth transparent polymer layer 1290 may be disposed between the fourth transparent polymer layer 1280 and the third diffusion auxiliary layer 1292.

[0297] The eighth transparent polymer layer 1290 can improve the overall reliability and durability of the display device 1000.

[0298] The eighth transparent polymer layer 1290 can be made of the same material as the foamed polymer layer 1210, or it can be made of a different material. For example, when the eighth transparent polymer layer 1290 is made of the same material as the foamed polymer layer 1210, the thermally related characteristics of the transparent polymer layer 1290, such as its thermal shrinkage rate, can be the same as those of the foamed polymer layer 1210. Therefore, under heating or cooling conditions, the reliability and durability of the display device 1000 can be further improved, and distortion or peeling phenomena can be minimized. For example, the foamed polymer layer 1210 may include PC, and the eighth transparent polymer layer 1290 may include PC.

[0299] exist Figure 7i In one embodiment, the display device 1000 may include a nanodiffusion film 1230, which includes a first adhesive layer 120 on one side having a protruding pattern 121 integrally formed thereon. In this case, the spacer layer may be omitted, thereby further reducing the thickness of the display device 1000. The protruding pattern 121 may be integrally formed simultaneously during the formation step of the first adhesive layer 120.

[0300] The protruding pattern 121 can function as a spacer layer, and air can be filled between multiple protruding patterns 121.

[0301] The shape, form, quantity, spacing, etc. of the highlighted pattern 121 are not limited to Figure 7i As shown, it can be formed in various forms.

[0302] The highlighted pattern 121 may also include scattering particles or diffusing particles.

[0303] In the optical component 1200, scattering particles may be included in various layers. For example, scattering particles (not shown) may include TiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, ZnO, BaSO4, SiO2, CaCO3, or hollow particles, etc.

[0304] On the other hand, since the porous film layer 110 of the nanodiffraction film 1230 includes nanoscale pores 112, the light scattering mechanism may differ compared to a diffuser plate containing conventional micron-scale diffusing particles. For example, in a conventional diffuser plate, forward scattering caused by relatively large diffusing particles or foaming structures may dominate, while in the porous film layer 110, Rayleigh scattering or Mie scattering can play a relatively significant role depending on the size and porosity of the pores 112 and the refractive index difference between the polymer matrix 111 and the medium inside the pores 112. In this case, a portion of the incident light is scattered not only forward but also laterally or backward; therefore, in structures using the nanodiffraction film 1230, the backscattering component may increase compared to conventional diffusers.

[0305] However, the optical component 1200 of this embodiment of the invention does not disregard this increase in backscattering as a simple light loss. At least a portion of the backscattered light returning to the backlight unit 1100 side can be reflected upwards again by the reflective sheet, reflective plate, reflective structure around the light source, or lower optical interface included in the backlight unit 1100. Therefore, the backscattered light generated in the nano-diffuse film 1230 does not disappear to the outside of the optical component 1200, but after being recycled between the backlight unit 1100 and the optical component 1200, it can travel again towards the display panel. Thus, in this invention, the backscattered component can be used as a light reuse component that helps improve the light source shielding power and light uniformity.

[0306] Furthermore, the nanodiffusion membrane 1230 of the present invention is not a structure that maintains the porous membrane layer 110 entirely in an air-pore state, but rather a structure in which resin with a first resin layer 120 and a second resin layer 130 is impregnated into a portion of the pores 112 of the porous membrane layer 110. In the resin-impregnated region, since resin rather than air is present inside the pores 112, the refractive index difference between the polymer matrix 111 and the medium inside the pores can be reduced. As a result, excessive scattering and excessive backscattering can be mitigated in the adjacent regions of the surface of the porous membrane layer 110, allowing light to flow more smoothly into the interior of the porous membrane layer 110 or to exit upwards.

[0307] Furthermore, in the present invention, since the scattering intensity and effective refractive index distribution can be designed by adjusting various factors such as the impregnation thickness, light loss caused by backscattering can be minimized. For example, in the lower impregnation region located on the light source side, initial backscattering can be reduced by mitigating the refractive index mismatch at the incident interface, and air pores can remain in the central or non-impregnation region to maintain the scattering required for light source shielding. Additionally, in the upper impregnation region located on the display panel side, excessive scattering at the exit interface can be mitigated, ensuring the effective amount of light transmitted to the upper optical layer.

[0308] Therefore, this invention overcomes the drawback of increased backscattering that may exist in nanoporous scattering structures by using light reuse and refractive index gradient design, while achieving shielding power and brightness characteristics that are equal to or better than those of traditional diffusers.

[0309] Figure 8a A diagram showing the cross-section of a conventional diffuser plate (1.5T) is provided. Figure 8b This is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a PET layer and an optical component of the embodiment sequentially laminated (bonded) on a PC (foamed PC) containing multiple pores. Figure 8c A diagram showing a cross-section of PC (foamed PC) including multiple pores. Figure 8d To show Figures 8a to 8c A graph showing the optical properties of the structure.

[0310] Figure 8d This is a graph showing a comparison of luminance (BR, nit) based on viewing angle, in the example. Figure 8b The layered structure exhibits higher brightness than diffuser plates and foamed PC products across most viewing angles, especially maintaining a high brightness level of approximately 3100 to 3200 nits in the mid-viewing angle region.

[0311] exist Figure 8a In traditional diffuser structures, light is scattered in multiple directions and repeatedly absorbed, resulting in a decrease in the amount of light emitted towards the front, which may reduce the overall brightness. Furthermore, sufficient light diffusion is required to achieve adequate shielding, which may increase the product thickness and weight. Therefore, even with a thickness of 1.5T, the shielding effect may be insufficient.

[0312] for Figure 8c For foamed PC, the brightness is relatively low in the central viewing area, while it increases in the lateral viewing areas. This means that in foamed PC products, light incident from an oblique direction is not sufficiently scattered, and the light exits in the oblique direction, thus making it difficult to ensure sufficient brightness near the front or central viewing angle. Conversely, in Figure 8bIn the layered structure, when this foamed PC is used with the optical components of the embodiment, the nanopore scattering and the refractive index gradient structure caused by resin impregnation work synergistically with the diffusion structure of the foamed PC, thereby more effectively adjusting the angular distribution of light.

[0313] also, Figure 8b Compared to diffusers, the laminated (bonded) structure exhibits higher overall brightness, thus it can be used as an optical component to replace or supplement the function of traditional diffusers. In particular, the optical component 100 of the embodiment can reduce transmission loss through resin impregnation in the impregnated area and maintain scattering through residual air pores in the non-impregnated area. Therefore, when combined with foamed PC, it can evenly improve light source shielding power, viewing angle characteristics, and brightness characteristics.

[0314] The present invention will be described below using experimental examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following.

[0315] manufacture Figure 9a The optical component shown is a comparative example 1. Figure 9b The optical component shown is (Comparative Example 2). Figure 9c The optical component shown is shown in Example 1. Figure 9d The optical component shown is in the form of (Example 2). Figure 9e Optical components of the form shown (Example 3) Figure 7e The optical component shown is in the form of (Example 4). Figure 7f An optical component of the form shown is presented (Example 5), and comparative measurements of brightness and color coordinates were performed. In Examples 1 to 3, NDF refers to the nanodiffusion film according to the present invention.

[0316] A 32-inch direct-lit blue BLU was used, and luminance and color coordinates were measured using a CA310 device.

[0317] The measurement results are shown in Tables 2 to 5 below.

[0318] Table 2

[0319] Table 3

[0320] Table 4

[0321] Table 5

[0322] Referring to Table 2, Example 1 ( Figure 9c ) and a conventional structure including a 1.5T thick diffuser plate (Comparative Example 1, Figure 9a Compared to the previous example, while maintaining substantially the same level of shielding power, the brightness increased slightly from 491.7 to 493.0. Furthermore, the changes in color coordinates x and y were only 0.0006 and 0.0003, respectively, which are very small. Therefore, it can be confirmed that in the structure of Example 1, the combination of the nano-diffuse film and the foamed polymer layer can replace or supplement the shielding function of a conventional diffuser plate while suppressing changes in optical color properties.

[0323] Referring to Table 3, Example 2 ( Figure 9d ) and traditional structure (Comparative Example 1, Figure 9a Compared to the previous version, while maintaining the same level of shading power, the brightness increased from 494.2 to 501.8. This is equivalent to a brightness increase of approximately 1.5%.

[0324] Referring to Table 4, Example 3 ( Figure 9e ) and traditional structure (Comparative Example 2, Figure 9b Compared to the previous method, the brightness is reduced, but the shielding power remains at the same level. This means that even without the foamed polymer layer, the nano-diffusing film and multiple biconvex lens-type or lens-type light diffusion structures help ensure light source shielding and light uniformity.

[0325] Referring to Table 5, Example 4 ( Figure 7e ) and Example 5 ( Figure 7f ) and traditional structure (Comparative Example 1, Figure 9a Compared to the previous version, the brightness is significantly improved, while the changes in color coordinates x and y are very small.

[0326] These results indicate that the nanodiffusing film does not function as a simple diffusion layer exhibiting excessive haze, but rather as an optical modulating layer whose transmittance and scattering can be adjusted through resin impregnation. Specifically, by permeating resin into a portion of the pores of the porous film, the refractive index mismatch is mitigated in the impregnated regions, while residual air pores in the non-impregnated regions maintain scattering properties. Consequently, the nanodiffusing film can replace or assist diffusers, simultaneously modulating brightness, haze, and shading power in AIOP-type laminates.

[0327] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art using the basic concepts of the present invention as defined in the claims also fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A display device, characterized in that, include: Backlight unit, Optical components, located on the backlight unit, and A display panel is located on the optical component; The optical component includes a nano-diffusion film; The nanodiffusion film comprises: Porous membrane layers, comprising multiple pores, and A resin layer is located on at least one side of the porous membrane layer; The resin of the resin layer is impregnated into at least a portion of the pores in the thickness direction of the porous membrane layer, thereby forming an impregnation region; The porous membrane layer includes non-impregnated areas where the resin is not impregnated.

2. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resin layer comprises: The first resin layer is located on one side of the porous membrane layer, and The second resin layer is located on the other side of the porous membrane layer; The impregnation area includes: The first impregnation area is adjacent to the first resin layer, and The second impregnation area is adjacent to the second resin layer.

3. The display device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sum of the thickness of the first impregnated region and the thickness of the second impregnated region is greater than 0 and less than the total thickness of the porous membrane layer.

4. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the impregnated region satisfies the following mathematical formula 1: Mathematical Formula 1 Wherein, L is the thickness of the impregnation area, γ is the surface tension, θ is the contact angle, η is the viscosity of the resin, r is the average pore radius, and t is the settling time after resin coating.

5. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the porous membrane is from 5 μm to 100 μm.

6. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porosity of the porous membrane layer is 25% to 75%.

7. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The average size of the pores is between 20 nm and 500 nm.

8. The display device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the first impregnated region may be the same as or different from the thickness of the second impregnated region.

9. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous film layer has an effective refractive index gradient along the thickness direction.

10. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resin layer includes a plurality of protruding patterns integrally formed on one side of the resin layer, and air is filled between the plurality of protruding patterns.

11. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A foamed polymer layer is located on one or the other side of the nanodiffusion membrane.

12. The display device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The thickness of the foamed polymer layer is 100 μm to 700 μm; The porosity of the foamed polymer layer is 0.1% to 60%.

13. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical component further includes one or more light diffusion layers or one or more diffusion auxiliary layers, wherein each of the light diffusion layer and the diffusion auxiliary layer includes one or more of the following structures: pyramid structure, matte structure, prism structure, lens structure or biconvex lens structure.

14. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical component also includes scattering particles; The scattering particles include one or more of TiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, ZnO, BaSO4, SiO2, or CaCO3.

15. The display device according to claim 11, characterized in that, Also includes: A foamed spacer layer is located on the foamed polymer layer and includes one or more foamed spacers integrally formed with the foamed polymer layer.

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