Hydrological instrument field signal trigger automatic power-off restart method and device

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of hydrological informatization, and specifically discloses a hydrological instrument field signal trigger automatic power-off and restart method and device. The method comprises the following steps: collecting a voltage signal or a pulse signal of a monitored hydrological instrument as an original listening signal in real time; pre-processing the original listening signal and comparing it with a preset threshold value to determine whether it is in an abnormal working state; triggering a falling edge trigger pulse when the abnormality is determined; starting a timing delay control logic according to the falling edge trigger pulse to control an electrical switch connected in a power supply circuit to cut off the power supply; when the accumulated time reaches a preset power-off maintenance time threshold value, the electrical switch is controlled to restore conduction, and the power-off and restart are completed. The application triggers the restart only when the equipment is abnormal, does not depend on a cloud platform and a communication network, has low power consumption and strong compatibility, and is suitable for the automatic reset of field unattended hydrological instruments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrological information technology, specifically relating to a method and device for automatic power-off and restart triggered by on-site signals of hydrological instruments. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous improvement of the automation level of hydrological monitoring, various intelligent hydrological instruments have been widely used in unattended scenarios such as field water level stations and rain gauge stations. These devices are usually powered by solar-powered floating batteries and realize remote automatic collection and transmission of hydrological data through mobile communication networks (4G / BeiDou, etc.), playing an irreplaceable and important role in flood prevention and reporting, water resource management and other work.

[0003] Currently, during long-term operation, intelligent hydrological instruments in the field are frequently affected by complex environmental factors such as network fluctuations, electromagnetic interference, unstable power supply, and insufficient battery power, resulting in frequent malfunctions such as system crashes, disconnections, and interruptions in data acquisition. To address these malfunctions, existing technologies mainly employ the following methods: manual on-site power-off restart, where maintenance personnel carry tools to remote sites to manually disconnect the equipment's power supply and then reconnect it; a timer-based solution, which forces a power-off restart at fixed intervals, regardless of whether the equipment is operating normally; and a remote cloud control solution, which achieves remote reset by issuing restart commands through the platform.

[0004] However, all of the aforementioned existing technologies have significant drawbacks. In manual on-site restart methods, hydrological stations are scattered, often located in remote mountainous areas with extremely inconvenient transportation. Maintenance personnel cannot arrive promptly after a failure, leading to prolonged data interruptions and severely impacting the timeliness and reliability of flood control and reporting. Furthermore, the annual maintenance cost per station is high. Timer-based solutions use fixed-period forced power outages, executing the power cut regardless of whether the equipment is operating normally, resulting in the blind loss of normally collected data and an inability to respond in real-time to sudden anomalies. Remote control solutions rely on cloud platforms and communication networks, requiring additional data charges. When equipment goes offline due to network issues, remote commands cannot be issued, leading to a "loss of control upon equipment disconnection" problem. Moreover, platform maintenance is complex and unsuitable for large-scale deployment at grassroots hydrological stations. In addition, existing automatic restart devices are mostly general-purpose industrial controllers whose operating voltage and power consumption are incompatible with the solar battery power supply systems of field hydrological stations, requiring additional power supply equipment, increasing system complexity and potential failure points. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of manual on-site restart required after a field hydrological intelligent instrument crashes, high maintenance costs, and delayed response in the prior art. It proposes a method and device for automatic power-off restart of hydrological instruments triggered by on-site signals.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is as follows: This invention provides a method for automatically powering off and restarting a hydrological instrument based on on-site signal triggering, comprising: Step 1: Collect characteristic signals reflecting the operating status of the monitored hydrological instrument in real time. The characteristic signals include voltage signals and pulse signals. Use the collected characteristic signals as the original listening signals for determining the operating status of the monitored hydrological instrument. Step 2: Perform preprocessing on the collected raw listening signal, compare the characteristic parameters of the preprocessed signal with the preset normal working state threshold range, and determine whether the monitored hydrological instrument is in an abnormal working state based on the comparison result. Step 3: When it is determined that the monitored hydrological instrument is in an abnormal working state, an edge transition signal is generated based on the preprocessed signal. The edge transition signal is processed by falling edge extraction to obtain a falling edge trigger pulse. Step 4: Based on the falling edge trigger pulse, start the timing delay control logic, enable the power on / off control command, and control the electrical switch connected in series in the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument through the power on / off control command to cut off the power supply to the monitored hydrological instrument. Step 5: Monitor the cumulative timing duration of the timed delay control logic. When the cumulative timing duration reaches the preset power outage maintenance time threshold, terminate the power on / off control command, control the electrical switch to return to the on state, re-establish the electrical connection of the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument, restore the power supply, and complete one power outage restart operation cycle.

[0007] Preferably, the characteristic signal includes: the data transmission signal of the main communication channel of the monitored hydrological instrument, the transmission signal of the backup communication channel of the monitored hydrological instrument, or the voltage signal output by the ambient light detection circuit.

[0008] Preferably, step 2 includes: When the original listening signal is a voltage signal, the voltage signal is sampled, amplified, and compared sequentially to obtain a preprocessed voltage signal; the voltage amplitude of the preprocessed voltage signal is compared with a preset voltage threshold, and when the voltage amplitude exceeds the preset voltage threshold, it is determined that the monitored hydrological instrument is in an abnormal working state. When the original listening signal is a pulse signal, the pulse signal is sequentially detected and shaped to output a standard square wave signal; the time interval between adjacent pulses of the standard square wave signal is counted, and the time interval is compared with a preset time window threshold. When the time interval exceeds the preset time window threshold, the monitored hydrological instrument is determined to be in an abnormal working state.

[0009] Preferably, step 3 includes: When it is determined that the monitored hydrological instrument is in an abnormal working state, the signal comparison circuit or timer circuit outputs an edge transition signal that jumps from a high level to a low level. The falling edge of the edge transition signal is extracted, and the moment of the falling edge transition is used as the trigger time to obtain the falling edge trigger pulse. The falling edge trigger pulse is distributed to the control channel corresponding to the monitored hydrological instrument through a multiplexer.

[0010] Preferably, the timing delay control logic includes a monostable timing mode and a repeatable monostable timing mode. When the timing delay control logic is in the monostable timing mode, the falling edge trigger pulse starts the monostable timing, controls the electrical switch to enter the off state, and the electrical switch remains in the off state until the monostable timing reaches the first preset duration and then automatically resumes conduction; When the timing delay control logic is in the repeatable monostable timing mode, the falling edge trigger pulse starts the repeatable monostable timing, controlling the electrical switch to enter the off state. The electrical switch remains in the off state until the repeatable monostable timing reaches the second preset duration, after which it automatically resumes conduction. During the period when the electrical switch is in the off state, if the falling edge trigger pulse is received again, the repeatable monostable timing restarts, and the duration for which the electrical switch remains in the off state is extended by the second preset duration from the moment the falling edge trigger pulse is received again.

[0011] Preferably, the first preset duration is 10 seconds and the second preset duration is 10 minutes.

[0012] This invention provides a field signal-triggered automatic power-off and restart device for hydrological instruments, applicable to the field signal-triggered automatic power-off and restart method for hydrological instruments described in any of the above embodiments, comprising: The signal acquisition and preprocessing unit is used to acquire characteristic signals reflecting the operating status of the monitored hydrological instrument in real time. The characteristic signals include voltage signals and / or pulse signals. The acquired characteristic signals are used as raw listening signals, and the raw listening signals are preprocessed to output preprocessed signals. An edge triggering unit is connected to the signal acquisition and preprocessing unit. When the comparison and analysis results of the characteristic parameters of the preprocessed signal with the preset normal working state threshold range indicate that the monitored hydrological instrument is in an abnormal working state, an edge transition signal is triggered, and the edge transition signal is processed by falling edge extraction to output a falling edge trigger pulse. A timing delay control unit, connected to the edge triggering unit, is used to receive the falling edge trigger pulse, and start the timing delay control logic according to the falling edge trigger pulse, and output a power on / off control command; An electrical switch, connected to the timing delay control unit, is used to receive the power on / off control command. The electrical switch is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument and switches its own on / off state according to the power on / off control command to connect or disconnect the power supply to the monitored hydrological instrument.

[0013] Preferably, the first signal input terminal of the signal acquisition and preprocessing unit is cascaded with a signal sampling circuit, a signal amplification circuit, and a signal comparison circuit connected in sequence. The signal sampling circuit is used to sample the input voltage signal, the signal amplification circuit is used to amplify the sampled voltage signal, and the signal comparison circuit is used to compare the amplitude of the amplified voltage signal with a preset voltage threshold and output the comparison result. The second signal input terminal of the signal acquisition and preprocessing unit is cascaded with a detection circuit and a shaping circuit connected in sequence. The detection circuit is used to perform envelope detection on the input pulse signal, and the shaping circuit is used to shape the detected signal into a standard square wave signal.

[0014] Preferably, the timing delay control unit includes a monostable multivibrator, a repeatable monostable multivibrator, and a multiplexer. The input terminals of the multiplexer are respectively connected to the output terminals of the signal comparison circuit and the shaping circuit in the signal acquisition and preprocessing unit, and the output terminals of the multiplexer are respectively connected to the monostable multivibrator and the repeatable monostable multivibrator. The transient time of the monostable trigger is adjustable, which is used to provide a monostable timing mode; The transient time of the repeatable monostable trigger is adjustable, and the repeatable monostable trigger is configured such that if the trigger terminal receives the falling edge trigger pulse again during the transient period, the transient time is automatically extended from the moment the falling edge trigger pulse is received again.

[0015] Preferably, the electrical switch includes two independent first power output terminals and a second power output terminal; The rated output voltage of the first power supply output terminal is DC12V, and the relay capacity is 10A. It is used to connect to the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument with a rated operating voltage of DC12V. The rated output voltage of the second power supply output terminal is DC5V, and the relay capacity is 10A. It is used to connect to the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument with a rated operating voltage of DC5V. The first power output terminal and the second power output terminal are respectively connected to the first control output terminal and the second control output terminal of the timing delay control unit. The timing delay control unit independently controls the on / off state of the first power output terminal and the second power output terminal.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention provides a field signal-triggered automatic power-off and restart method for hydrological instruments. It employs a field signal-triggered control technology approach, connecting an automatic power-off and restart device in series in the power circuit of faulty equipment. This device monitors the equipment's operating status signals in real time. When a specific signal indicating an equipment malfunction is detected, the power supply is automatically disconnected, and after a preset delay, power is automatically restored, achieving a power-off reset of the equipment. The entire identification, decision-making, and execution process is completed locally, requiring no manual intervention, no cloud platform, and no additional communication traffic.

[0017] 2. The present invention provides an automatic power-off and restart method for hydrological instruments triggered by on-site signal monitoring. By listening to the actual working status signals of the equipment on-site, the power-off and restart method is triggered only when an abnormality is detected. During normal operation, the method does not interfere with the operation of the equipment, thus fundamentally eliminating the data loss problem caused by blind power-off in timer schemes and ensuring the continuity and integrity of hydrological data acquisition. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of a method for automatically powering off and restarting a hydrological instrument based on on-site signal triggering. Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the automatic power-off and restart device. Figure 3 The following is a timing diagram of the input and output of signal A; Figure 4 The diagram shows the timing sequence of the A / B channel signals and outputs. Figure 5 The diagram shown is a schematic of the DTU wiring. Figure 6 The diagram shown is a wiring diagram of a telemetry terminal. Figure 7 The diagram shown is a wiring diagram for a bubble level gauge. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the embodiments shown and described in the drawings are merely exemplary and are intended to illustrate the principles and spirit of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0020] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for automatically powering off and restarting a hydrological instrument based on on-site signal triggering. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 , Figure 1The diagram shows a flowchart of a method for automatically powering off and restarting a hydrological instrument based on on-site signal triggering.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the method for automatic power-off and restart triggered by on-site signals of hydrological instruments according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps: Step 1: Collect characteristic signals reflecting the operating status of the monitored hydrological instrument in real time. The characteristic signals include voltage signals and pulse signals. The collected characteristic signals are used as the raw listening signals to determine the operating status of the monitored hydrological instrument.

[0022] Alternatively, the hydrological instrument being monitored can be a DTU, a telemetry terminal, or a bubble level gauge.

[0023] In this embodiment, the characteristic signals include: the data transmission signal of the main communication channel of the monitored hydrological instrument, the transmission signal of the backup communication channel of the monitored hydrological instrument, or the voltage signal output by the ambient light detection circuit. The ambient light detection circuit is composed of a photoresistor and a voltage divider resistor connected in series.

[0024] Specifically, the acquisition methods for the aforementioned characteristic signals include: Method 1, acquiring the data transmission signal of the main communication channel of the monitored hydrological instrument to obtain a voltage signal or pulse signal used to characterize the working state of the main communication channel; Method 2, acquiring the transmission signal of the backup communication channel of the monitored hydrological instrument to obtain a voltage signal used to characterize the activation state of the backup communication channel; Method 3, acquiring the voltage divider output voltage signal of the ambient light detection circuit composed of a photoresistor and a voltage divider resistor connected in series to obtain a voltage signal used to characterize changes in ambient light intensity.

[0025] Step 2: Perform preprocessing on the collected raw listening signals, compare the characteristic parameters of the preprocessed signals with the preset normal operating state threshold range, and determine whether the monitored hydrological instrument is in an abnormal operating state based on the comparison results.

[0026] In this embodiment, step 2 includes: Step 2.1: When the original listening signal is a voltage signal, the voltage signal is sampled, amplified and compared sequentially to obtain a preprocessed voltage signal; the voltage amplitude of the preprocessed voltage signal is compared with a preset voltage threshold. When the voltage amplitude exceeds the preset voltage threshold, it is determined that the monitored hydrological instrument is in an abnormal working state.

[0027] Step 2.2: When the original listening signal is a pulse signal, the pulse signal is sequentially detected and shaped to output a standard square wave signal; the time interval between adjacent pulses of the standard square wave signal is counted, and the time interval is compared with a preset time window threshold. When the time interval exceeds the preset time window threshold, it is determined that the monitored hydrological instrument is in an abnormal working state.

[0028] Step 3: When it is determined that the monitored hydrological instrument is in an abnormal working state, an edge transition signal is generated based on the pre-processed signal. The edge transition signal is then processed by falling edge extraction to obtain a falling edge trigger pulse.

[0029] In this embodiment, step 3 includes: When the monitored hydrological instrument is determined to be in an abnormal working state, the signal comparison circuit or timer circuit outputs an edge transition signal that jumps from a high level to a low level. The falling edge of the edge transition signal is extracted, and the moment of the falling edge transition is used as the trigger moment to obtain the falling edge trigger pulse. The falling edge trigger pulse is distributed to the control channel corresponding to the monitored hydrological instrument through a multiplexer.

[0030] Step 4: Based on the falling edge trigger pulse, start the timing delay control logic, enable the power on / off control command, and control the electrical switch connected in series in the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument to cut off the power supply to the monitored hydrological instrument.

[0031] In this embodiment, the timing delay control logic includes a monostable timing mode and a repeatable monostable timing mode.

[0032] Specifically, when the timing delay control logic is in monostable timing mode, the falling edge trigger pulse starts the monostable timing, controls the electrical switch to enter the off state, and the electrical switch remains in the off state until the monostable timing reaches the first preset duration and then automatically resumes conduction.

[0033] When the timing delay control logic is in the repeatable monostable timing mode, the falling edge trigger pulse starts the repeatable monostable timing, controlling the electrical switch to enter the off state. The electrical switch remains in the off state until the repeatable monostable timing reaches the second preset duration, after which it automatically resumes conduction. During the period when the electrical switch is in the off state, if another falling edge trigger pulse is received, the repeatable monostable timing will restart, and the duration for which the electrical switch remains in the off state will be extended by the second preset duration from the moment the falling edge trigger pulse is received again.

[0034] Optionally, the first preset duration is 10 seconds, and the second preset duration is 10 minutes.

[0035] Step 5: Monitor the cumulative timing duration of the timed delay control logic. When the cumulative timing duration reaches the preset power outage maintenance time threshold, terminate the power on / off control command, control the electrical switch to return to the on state, re-establish the electrical connection of the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument, restore the power supply, and complete one power outage restart operation cycle.

[0036] In this embodiment, steps 1 to 5 are executed cyclically to continuously monitor the operating status of the monitored hydrological instrument, and anomaly detection and power-off restart decisions are made based on the latest collected original listening signals in each cycle.

[0037] In an optional embodiment, for a monitored hydrological instrument that includes a first device and a second device, and whose working state is easily affected by the second device, such as in a field hydrological monitoring scenario, the DTU disconnection is sometimes not caused by a fault in the DTU itself, but may be due to an abnormal communication between the telemetry terminal and the DTU. The present invention also provides a dual-channel signal association trigger control method.

[0038] Specifically, a first listening signal reflecting the working status of the first device and a second listening signal reflecting the working status of the second device are collected in real time; within a preset first time window, the falling edge trigger pulses appearing in the first listening signal are counted to obtain a trigger count statistics value; when the trigger count statistics value reaches a preset trigger count threshold, it is determined whether the second device is in an abnormal working state based on the second listening signal; if the second device is in an abnormal working state, a power-off restart operation is preferentially performed on the second device; if the second device is not in an abnormal working state, a power-off restart operation is triggered on the second device based on the abnormal determination result of the second listening signal.

[0039] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a hydrological instrument field signal triggered automatic power-off and restart device, which can be used to implement the hydrological instrument field signal triggered automatic power-off and restart method as described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0040] The hydrological instrument on-site signal-triggered automatic power-off and restart device of this embodiment includes: a signal acquisition and preprocessing unit, an edge triggering unit, a timing delay control unit, and an electrical switch. The signal acquisition and preprocessing unit is used to acquire characteristic signals reflecting the operating status of the monitored hydrological instrument in real time. These characteristic signals include voltage signals and / or pulse signals. The acquired characteristic signals are used as raw listening signals, and preprocessed to output a preprocessed signal. The edge triggering unit is connected to the signal acquisition and preprocessing unit. When the comparison and analysis results of the characteristic parameters of the preprocessed signal with a preset normal operating state threshold range indicate that the monitored hydrological instrument is in an abnormal operating state, an edge transition signal is triggered. The edge transition signal is then processed by falling edge extraction, and a falling edge trigger pulse is output. The timing delay control unit is connected to the edge triggering unit and is used to receive the falling edge trigger pulse. Based on the falling edge trigger pulse, the timing delay control logic is activated, and a power on / off control command is output. The electrical switch is connected to the timing delay control unit to receive power on / off control commands. The electrical switch is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument and switches its own on / off state according to the power on / off control commands to connect or disconnect the power supply to the monitored hydrological instrument.

[0041] The rated input DC12V of the automatic power-off and restart device in this embodiment is compatible with the solar float-charged battery power supply system of the field hydrological station. The internal voltage conversion circuit generates DC5V power to power the internal logic circuit.

[0042] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic of the automatic power-off and restart device. Figure 2 As shown, the automatic power-off and restart device in this embodiment includes two independent signal listening input terminals, namely a first signal input terminal and a second signal input terminal, denoted as SGN_A (signal input terminal A) and SGN_B (signal input terminal B), respectively, with a signal recognition range of 0~5V. It also includes two independent power output terminals, namely a first power output terminal and a second power output terminal, denoted as OUT_A (power output terminal A) and OUT_B (power output terminal B), respectively. The rated output voltage of the first power output terminal is DC12V, and the relay capacity is 10A, used to connect to the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument with a rated operating voltage of DC12V. The rated output voltage of the second power output terminal is DC5V, and the relay capacity is 10A, used to connect to the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument with a rated operating voltage of DC5V.

[0043] In this embodiment, the first signal input terminal (SGN_A) is suitable for receiving voltage-type listening signals. The first signal input terminal is cascaded with a signal sampling circuit, a signal amplification circuit, and a signal comparison circuit connected in sequence. The signal sampling circuit samples the input voltage signal; the signal amplification circuit amplifies the sampled voltage signal and adjusts it to a suitable amplitude range for comparison; the signal comparison circuit compares the amplitude of the amplified voltage signal with a preset voltage threshold and outputs the comparison result.

[0044] Specifically, when the voltage amplitude exceeds the preset threshold range, an edge-transition signal that changes from high to low level is output. The comparison reference voltage amplitude of the signal comparison circuit is adjustable and can be adjusted on-site according to the differences in output voltage during normal operation of different types of equipment.

[0045] In this embodiment, the second signal input terminal (SGN_B) is suitable for receiving pulse-type listening signals. A detection circuit and a shaping circuit are cascaded at the second signal input terminal. The detection circuit performs envelope detection on the input pulse signal to extract the pulse envelope; the shaping circuit shapes the detected signal into a standard square wave signal, filtering out noise interference.

[0046] Specifically, when the time interval between adjacent pulses of the statistical standard square wave signal exceeds the preset time window threshold, the monitored hydrological instrument is determined to be in an abnormal working state, and a falling edge trigger pulse is output.

[0047] In this embodiment, the edge triggering unit adopts a falling edge triggering mechanism. When it is determined that the monitored hydrological instrument is in an abnormal working state, an edge transition signal that jumps from a high level to a low level is output. The edge triggering unit performs falling edge extraction processing on the edge transition signal, extracts the instant of the falling edge transition as the trigger moment, and outputs a falling edge trigger pulse.

[0048] In this embodiment, the timing delay control unit includes a monostable multivibrator, a repeatable monostable multivibrator, and two multiplexers.

[0049] Specifically, the input terminals of one multiplexer are connected to the output terminals of the signal comparison circuit (corresponding to the voltage signal processing path) and the shaping circuit (corresponding to the pulse signal processing path) in the signal acquisition and preprocessing unit, respectively. The output terminals of the multiplexer are connected to a monostable multivibrator and a repeatable monostable multivibrator, respectively. The multiplexer distributes the falling edge trigger pulses to the corresponding control channels according to the field wiring configuration. Another multiplexer is placed between the trigger and the relay.

[0050] In this embodiment, the transient time of the monostable trigger is adjustable (for example, the first preset duration is 10 seconds) to provide a monostable timing mode.

[0051] Specifically, when the falling edge trigger pulse is input, the monostable multivibrator enters a transient state, outputting a power on / off control command to control the electrical switch to disconnect the power supply to the monitored hydrological instrument; the transient state lasts for 10 seconds before automatically recovering, and the electrical switch is turned back on, completing one power outage restart. This mode is suitable for equipment such as DTUs that require only a short power outage to recover.

[0052] In this embodiment, the repeatable monostable multivibrator (TMV) counts the time interval between adjacent pulses of a standard square wave signal and compares it with a preset time window threshold to determine whether the hydrological instrument is in an abnormal working state. The transient time of the TMV is adjustable (e.g., the second preset duration is 10 minutes). The TMV is configured such that if the trigger terminal receives a falling edge trigger pulse again during the transient period, the transient time is automatically extended from the moment the falling edge trigger pulse is received again. Specifically, if the trigger terminal receives a falling edge trigger pulse again during the transient period, the transient time is automatically extended by 10 minutes from the moment the trigger pulse is received again. This mode is suitable for devices such as telemetry terminals that require long-term power outage reset or need to wait for external conditions (such as battery charging) to recover during power outages.

[0053] In this embodiment, the first power output terminal (OUT_A) and the second power output terminal (OUT_B) are respectively connected to the first control output terminal and the second control output terminal of the timing delay control unit. The timing delay control unit independently controls the on / off state of the first power output terminal and the second power output terminal. The two circuits do not interfere with each other and can work independently.

[0054] For example, the first power output terminal (OUT_A) is used to connect to the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument (such as a DTU, telemetry terminal, or bubble level gauge pump) with a rated operating voltage of DC12V. The second power output terminal (OUT_B) is used to connect to the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument (such as some low-power sensors or micro terminals) with a rated operating voltage of DC5V.

[0055] In this embodiment, the normally closed contact of the electrical switch is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument. Under normal conditions, the contact remains conductive, and the equipment is powered normally; during the triggered transient period, the contact opens, cutting off the power supply to the equipment.

[0056] Furthermore, the connection and working principle of the automatic power-off and restart device in this embodiment are illustrated by using different monitored hydrological instruments.

[0057] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 The diagram shown is a schematic of the DTU wiring. Figure 5As shown, the first signal input terminal (SGN_A) of the automatic power-off restart device in this embodiment is connected to the backup channel (such as the Beidou satellite communication module) transmitter TX of the telemetry terminal, and the first power output terminal (OUT_A, DC12V) is connected to the power input terminal of the DTU. Its working principle is as follows: During normal operation, the telemetry terminal transmits data through the DTU (4G module), the backup channel is inactive, and the TX terminal remains high. When the DTU disconnects due to network fluctuations and cannot automatically reconnect, the telemetry terminal automatically switches to the backup channel to transmit data. At this time, the backup channel's TX terminal generates a falling edge signal that transitions from high to low. This falling edge signal is input via SGN_A, then sequentially sampled, amplified, and compared. The signal comparison circuit outputs a falling edge trigger pulse, which is distributed to a monostable multivibrator via a multiplexer. The monostable multivibrator enters a transient state (10 seconds), controlling the relay connected to OUT_A to disconnect the DTU power supply. After 10 seconds, the transient state ends, the relay automatically resumes conduction, the DTU is powered on again, and automatically reattaches to the network, resuming normal operation. The specific signal input and output timing relationship is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The diagram shows the timing relationship between the falling edge trigger of the SGN_A listening signal and the low-level transient state (power off for 10 seconds) at the OUT_A output terminal.

[0058] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 The diagram shown is a wiring diagram for a telemetry terminal. Figure 6 As shown, the second signal input terminal (SGN_B) of the automatic power-off and restart device in this embodiment is connected to the 4G transmitter (TX) of the telemetry terminal, and the first power output terminal (OUT_A, DC12V) is connected to the power input terminal of the telemetry terminal. Its working principle is as follows: According to the hydrological data collection specifications, the telemetry terminal sends data to the 4G module every 5 minutes, and the TX line generates a falling edge signal every 5 minutes. This pulse signal, after being input via SGN_B, has its envelope extracted by the detection circuit and shaped into a standard square wave signal by the shaping circuit. A repeatable monostable multivibrator (TMP) continuously counts the time interval between adjacent pulses. Under normal circumstances, the TMP resets its timer after each received pulse. If the telemetry terminal malfunctions and stops sending data, and the TMP's timer exceeds the preset 6-minute time window threshold, it is determined that the terminal is in an abnormal state. At this time, the TMP enters a transient state (10 minutes), controlling the relay connected to OUT_A to disconnect the telemetry terminal's power supply. After 10 minutes, the transient state ends, the relay automatically resumes conduction, and the telemetry terminal is powered on again and resumes normal data acquisition and transmission. If the TMP detects a trigger signal again during the 10-minute power outage (indicating that the device has not fully reset), the TMP automatically extends its time by 10 minutes to ensure the device is fully reset.

[0059] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 The diagram shown is a wiring diagram for a bubble level gauge. Figure 7 As shown, the first signal input terminal (SGN_A) of the automatic power-off and restart device in this embodiment is connected to the voltage divider output terminal of the optical signal detection circuit composed of resistor R1 and photoresistor R2 connected in series, and the first power output terminal (OUT_A, DC12V) is connected to the power input terminal of the bubble level gauge air pump. Its working principle is as follows: When the battery is low, the bubble level gauge will automatically shut down due to excessively long pumping time during a single cycle, triggering the timeout protection. It cannot automatically recover and must wait for the battery to charge to a certain level before restarting. In the optical signal detection circuit, R1 is a fixed resistor, and R2 is a photoresistor. They are connected in series to divide the voltage. The output voltage at the voltage divider point changes with the ambient light intensity: at night, when light is weak, the photoresistor resistance is high, resulting in a high voltage at the voltage divider point; during the day, when light is strong, the photoresistor resistance is low, resulting in a low voltage at the voltage divider point. When the morning sunlight brightens, the photoresistor resistance decreases, and the output voltage at the voltage divider point transitions from a high level to a low level, generating a falling edge signal. This falling edge signal is input through SGN_A, sampled, amplified, and compared. The signal comparison circuit outputs a falling edge trigger pulse, which is then distributed to a monostable multivibrator via a multiplexer. The monostable multivibrator enters a transient state (10 seconds), controlling the relay connected to OUT_A to disconnect the power supply to the bubble level gauge's air pump, resetting the timeout protector. After 10 seconds, the transient ends, the relay automatically resumes conduction, the air pump is powered on again, and it can start pumping air normally once the battery power is restored to a sufficient level.

[0060] Understandably, in field hydrological monitoring scenarios, DTU outages are sometimes not caused by a fault in the DTU itself, but may stem from communication anomalies between the telemetry terminal and the DTU. For example, the telemetry terminal may fail to send data to the DTU, causing the DTU to exhibit a "false outage" due to a lack of data to send. In such cases, simply powering off and restarting the DTU will not fundamentally solve the problem; the telemetry terminal must also be restarted to restore the communication link.

[0061] To this end, this invention provides a dual-signal association triggering control method, which utilizes two independent signal listening and triggering channels, A and B, of the automatic power-off restart device to achieve association judgment and collaborative control.

[0062] Specifically, SGN_A is connected to the communication status detection terminal of the DTU or the backup channel TX terminal of the telemetry terminal to monitor the working status of the DTU; SGN_B is connected to the 4G transmitter TX terminal of the telemetry terminal to monitor the data transmission pulse of the telemetry terminal.

[0063] The associated trigger logic is set as follows: within a preset first time window (e.g., 15 minutes), if the number of times SGN_A detects the DTU abnormal trigger signal (falling edge) reaches a preset trigger count threshold (e.g., ≥2 times), it is determined that the current DTU disconnection may not be due to a fault in the DTU itself, but rather to an abnormal communication link between the telemetry terminal and the DTU. At this time, the automatic power-off and restart device automatically triggers the B-channel control channel to perform a power-off and restart operation on the telemetry terminal. The timing coordination relationship between the A-channel listening signal, the B-channel listening signal, and the two output signals is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The diagram shows the timing sequence of the A / B channel signals and output; it illustrates the timing coordination relationship between the signals when the dual-channel signals are triggered together.

[0064] In this embodiment, the preset first time window and trigger count threshold can be flexibly adjusted based on on-site operational experience.

[0065] In practice, upon receiving the associated trigger signal, the repeatable monostable multivibrator enters a transient state (power outage for 10 minutes), controlling OUT_A to disconnect the telemetry terminal's power supply. Power is automatically restored after 10 minutes, the telemetry terminal restarts and re-establishes communication with the DTU, and the DTU subsequently resumes normal data transmission. If, during the telemetry terminal's power outage, SGN_B detects another abnormal trigger signal, the repeatable monostable multivibrator automatically extends the transient time to ensure the terminal is fully reset.

[0066] In this embodiment, by cross-correlation judgment of dual signals, false DTU failures caused by abnormal communication between the telemetry terminal and the DTU are effectively eliminated, avoiding invalid restarts of the DTU and improving the accuracy of fault diagnosis and the effectiveness of restart operations.

[0067] Furthermore, to verify the practical application effect of the hydrological instrument field signal-triggered automatic power-off and restart device of the present invention, field deployment and long-term operation verification were carried out at multiple field hydrological stations. Each station was equipped with telemetry terminal, DTU module, and bubble level gauge, etc. The comparison results of the application sites are shown in Table 1.

[0068] Table 1

[0069] As can be seen from Table 1, after the installation of the hydrological instrument field signal triggered automatic power-off and restart device of the present invention, the equipment operates stably and the data transmission is continuous. Since the installation, there has been no data interruption caused by crashes or disconnections, completely eliminating the need for manual field restart operations, and the data reporting rate reaches 100%.

[0070] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are intended to help the reader understand the principles of the invention, and should be understood that the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations based on the technical teachings disclosed in this invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these modifications and combinations are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for automatically powering off and restarting a hydrological instrument based on on-site signal triggering, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Collect characteristic signals reflecting the operating status of the monitored hydrological instrument in real time. The characteristic signals include voltage signals and pulse signals. Use the collected characteristic signals as the original listening signals for determining the operating status of the monitored hydrological instrument. Step 2: Perform preprocessing on the collected raw listening signal, compare the characteristic parameters of the preprocessed signal with the preset normal working state threshold range, and determine whether the monitored hydrological instrument is in an abnormal working state based on the comparison result. Step 3: When it is determined that the monitored hydrological instrument is in an abnormal working state, an edge transition signal is generated based on the preprocessed signal. The edge transition signal is processed by falling edge extraction to obtain a falling edge trigger pulse. Step 4: Based on the falling edge trigger pulse, start the timing delay control logic, enable the power on / off control command, and control the electrical switch connected in series in the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument through the power on / off control command to cut off the power supply to the monitored hydrological instrument. Step 5: Monitor the cumulative timing duration of the timed delay control logic. When the cumulative timing duration reaches the preset power outage maintenance time threshold, terminate the power on / off control command, control the electrical switch to return to the on state, re-establish the electrical connection of the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument, restore the power supply, and complete one power outage restart operation cycle.

2. The method for automatic power-off and restart triggered by on-site signals of hydrological instruments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The characteristic signals include: the data transmission signal of the main communication channel of the monitored hydrological instrument, the transmission signal of the backup communication channel of the monitored hydrological instrument, or the voltage signal output by the ambient light detection circuit.

3. The method for automatic power-off and restart triggered by on-site signals of hydrological instruments according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 2 includes: When the original listening signal is a voltage signal, the voltage signal is sampled, amplified, and compared sequentially to obtain a preprocessed voltage signal; the voltage amplitude of the preprocessed voltage signal is compared with a preset voltage threshold, and when the voltage amplitude exceeds the preset voltage threshold, it is determined that the monitored hydrological instrument is in an abnormal working state. When the original listening signal is a pulse signal, the pulse signal is sequentially detected and shaped to output a standard square wave signal; the time interval between adjacent pulses of the standard square wave signal is counted, and the time interval is compared with a preset time window threshold. When the time interval exceeds the preset time window threshold, the monitored hydrological instrument is determined to be in an abnormal working state.

4. The method for automatic power-off and restart triggered by on-site signals of hydrological instruments according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 3 includes: When it is determined that the monitored hydrological instrument is in an abnormal working state, the signal comparison circuit or timer circuit outputs an edge transition signal that jumps from a high level to a low level. The falling edge of the edge transition signal is extracted, and the moment of the falling edge transition is used as the trigger time to obtain the falling edge trigger pulse. The falling edge trigger pulse is distributed to the control channel corresponding to the monitored hydrological instrument through a multiplexer.

5. The method for automatic power-off and restart triggered by on-site signals of hydrological instruments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The timing delay control logic includes a monostable timing mode and a repeatable monostable timing mode; When the timing delay control logic is in the monostable timing mode, the falling edge trigger pulse starts the monostable timing, controls the electrical switch to enter the off state, and the electrical switch remains in the off state until the monostable timing reaches the first preset duration and then automatically resumes conduction; When the timing delay control logic is in the repeatable monostable timing mode, the falling edge trigger pulse starts the repeatable monostable timing, controlling the electrical switch to enter the off state. The electrical switch remains in the off state until the repeatable monostable timing reaches the second preset duration, after which it automatically resumes conduction. During the period when the electrical switch is in the off state, if the falling edge trigger pulse is received again, the repeatable monostable timing restarts, and the duration for which the electrical switch remains in the off state is extended by the second preset duration from the moment the falling edge trigger pulse is received again.

6. The method for automatic power-off and restart triggered by on-site signals of hydrological instruments according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first preset duration is 10 seconds, and the second preset duration is 10 minutes.

7. A field signal-triggered automatic power-off and restart device for hydrological instruments, characterized in that, The method for automatic power-off and restart triggered by on-site signals of hydrological instruments according to any one of claims 1-6 includes: The signal acquisition and preprocessing unit is used to acquire characteristic signals reflecting the operating status of the monitored hydrological instrument in real time. The characteristic signals include voltage signals and / or pulse signals. The acquired characteristic signals are used as raw listening signals, and the raw listening signals are preprocessed to output preprocessed signals. An edge triggering unit is connected to the signal acquisition and preprocessing unit. When the comparison and analysis results of the characteristic parameters of the preprocessed signal with the preset normal working state threshold range indicate that the monitored hydrological instrument is in an abnormal working state, an edge transition signal is triggered, and the edge transition signal is processed by falling edge extraction to output a falling edge trigger pulse. A timing delay control unit, connected to the edge triggering unit, is used to receive the falling edge trigger pulse, and start the timing delay control logic according to the falling edge trigger pulse, and output a power on / off control command; An electrical switch, connected to the timing delay control unit, is used to receive the power on / off control command. The electrical switch is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument and switches its own on / off state according to the power on / off control command to connect or disconnect the power supply to the monitored hydrological instrument.

8. The hydrological instrument field signal triggered automatic power-off and restart device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first signal input terminal of the signal acquisition and preprocessing unit is cascaded with a signal sampling circuit, a signal amplification circuit, and a signal comparison circuit connected in sequence. The signal sampling circuit is used to sample the input voltage signal, the signal amplification circuit is used to amplify the sampled voltage signal, and the signal comparison circuit is used to compare the amplitude of the amplified voltage signal with a preset voltage threshold and output the comparison result. The second signal input terminal of the signal acquisition and preprocessing unit is cascaded with a detection circuit and a shaping circuit connected in sequence. The detection circuit is used to perform envelope detection on the input pulse signal, and the shaping circuit is used to shape the detected signal into a standard square wave signal.

9. The hydrological instrument field signal triggered automatic power-off and restart device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The timing delay control unit includes a monostable multivibrator, a repeatable monostable multivibrator, and a multiplexer. The input terminals of the multiplexer are respectively connected to the output terminals of the signal comparison circuit and the shaping circuit in the signal acquisition and preprocessing unit, and the output terminals of the multiplexer are respectively connected to the monostable multivibrator and the repeatable monostable multivibrator. The transient time of the monostable trigger is adjustable, which is used to provide a monostable timing mode; The transient time of the repeatable monostable trigger is adjustable, and the repeatable monostable trigger is configured such that if the trigger terminal receives the falling edge trigger pulse again during the transient period, the transient time is automatically extended from the moment the falling edge trigger pulse is received again.

10. The hydrological instrument field signal triggered automatic power-off and restart device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The electrical switch includes two independent first power output terminals and second power output terminals. The rated output voltage of the first power supply output terminal is DC12V, and the relay capacity is 10A. It is used to connect to the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument with a rated operating voltage of DC12V. The rated output voltage of the second power supply output terminal is DC5V, and the relay capacity is 10A. It is used to connect to the power supply circuit of the monitored hydrological instrument with a rated operating voltage of DC5V. The first power output terminal and the second power output terminal are respectively connected to the first control output terminal and the second control output terminal of the timing delay control unit. The timing delay control unit independently controls the on / off state of the first power output terminal and the second power output terminal.

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