Air supply system air outlet air volume control system based on tunnel scale model

Abstract

The application discloses a tunnel scale model-based air supply system air outlet air volume control system and belongs to the technical field of tunnel environment control. The tunnel scale model-based air supply system air outlet air volume control system comprises a scale physical test platform, a parameterized simulation simulation module, an air volume control execution mechanism and a central controller. The application solves the problems that in the prior art, numerical simulation is simply relied on, complex air leakage characteristics cannot be comprehensively reflected, actual engineering site debugging is long and high in cost, and the like. The application carries out multi-dimensional component adaptability test through the scale platform, screens out the best air pipe material and air valve combination meeting the air leakage rate control requirement, solves the problems of low air supply outlet air volume control precision caused by improper selection of air pipe material and poor air valve adjustment linearity in the traditional scheme, and significantly improves the reliability and economy of the ultra-high-precision temperature control of ±0.1 DEG C / 5m in the super-long tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel environmental control technology, specifically to an airflow control system for air supply systems based on a tunnel scale model. Background Technology

[0002] New-generation large-scale scientific facilities such as the Hard X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility (HXEL FRP) are the core cornerstone of the national science and technology innovation system. Their stable operation places extremely stringent requirements on the temperature and humidity control environment within tunnels. Taking the HXEL FRP as an example, the temperature inside its nearly 300-meter-long undulator tunnel must be strictly controlled within the range of 25℃ to 30℃, and the temperature fluctuation within any 5-meter length interval must not exceed ±0.1℃. Achieving such ultra-high precision temperature control relies on the uniform air supply technology of a long-distance duct system.

[0003] However, achieving uniform air supply in ultra-long tunnels presents numerous technical challenges. First, as tunnel length increases, air leakage in the air supply ducts becomes severe. The leakage rate in straight sections is typically between 0.5% and 3% per 100 meters, while in curved and variable-diameter sections it can reach approximately 6%. Traditional duct materials and construction techniques are insufficient to meet the requirements of high air pressure and large air volume for long-distance uniform air supply within tunnels. Second, the distribution of heat sources within tunnels exhibits a non-uniform characteristic, with fewer sources in the middle and more at both ends. Heat dissipation from equipment and cables varies spatially, making simple equal-volume air supply or evenly spaced vent arrangements insufficient to achieve temperature uniformity throughout the entire tunnel. Furthermore, controlling the airflow at the vents involves the coupled effects of multiple factors, including duct material, valve type, and electric actuators. The sealing performance, adjustment linearity, and compatibility with actuators of different valves vary significantly, directly impacting the accuracy of airflow control and long-term operational stability.

[0004] While numerical simulation can initially optimize air supply parameters, it cannot fully reflect the actual conditions in engineering projects, such as duct leakage, friction loss variations, and differences in component performance. Furthermore, in real-world engineering settings, the dense arrangement of electromechanical pipelines within tunnels and limited working space make large-scale component replacements and multi-parameter testing difficult. This results in long on-site commissioning cycles and high trial-and-error costs, making it challenging to meet the high-precision and high-reliability requirements for the installation and operation of such equipment.

[0005] Therefore, in response to the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, we propose an airflow control system for the air supply system based on a tunnel scale model. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an airflow control system for air supply systems based on a scaled-down tunnel model. By constructing a scaled-down physical test platform proportional to the actual tunnel geometry and physical characteristics, and combining it with a parametric simulation module to generate various candidate air supply parameter adjustment schemes, the invention systematically verifies and optimizes various schemes such as changing the airflow and the spacing between air outlets on the test platform, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an air supply system outlet air volume control system based on a tunnel scale model, comprising: A scaled-down physical test platform is constructed proportionally based on the geometric dimensions and physical characteristics of an actual ultra-long tunnel and its internal air supply system, and is used to simulate the air supply environment of an actual tunnel. The parameterized simulation module is used to construct an airflow organization simulation model of a high-precision temperature-controlled air supply system for ultra-long tunnels based on the actual operating parameters of large scientific devices, fluid state parameters of the air supply system, and pipe structure parameters. This model is used to determine the initial airflow pattern and flow distribution of each air supply section and air outlet of the air supply duct, and to generate multiple candidate air supply parameter adjustment schemes. The adjustment schemes include at least one or more combinations of changing the air outlet air volume and changing the air outlet spacing. The air volume control actuator is installed on each air supply branch pipe of the scaled-down physical test platform, and includes an electric actuator, an air volume regulating valve and an air outlet connected in sequence. The central controller is communicatively connected to the parameterized simulation module and the airflow control actuator, and the central controller is configured as follows: Receive multiple candidate air supply parameter adjustment schemes output by the parameterized simulation module; Based on the preset temperature uniformity target inside the tunnel, the various candidate air supply parameter adjustment schemes are executed sequentially on the scaled-down physical test platform, and the measured air volume data of each air supply outlet and the simulated temperature distribution data inside the tunnel are collected in real time. Based on the comparative analysis of the measured data of each candidate scheme, the optimal air volume control scheme that meets the ±0.1℃ / 5m temperature gradient requirement was selected from the multiple candidate schemes.

[0008] Furthermore, the scaled-down physical test platform includes a galvanized iron sheet duct test section with a total length of 70m. The test section is equipped with 28 branch pipes arranged according to the actual tunnel ventilation outlet layout ratio. Each branch pipe is 680mm long and 300mm×200mm in size. Each branch pipe is equipped with a test valve for air volume control test.

[0009] Furthermore, the candidate air supply parameter adjustment schemes generated by the parameterized simulation module include schemes that change the airflow at the air outlets and schemes that change the spacing between the air outlets, specifically including: The scheme of changing the air volume of the air outlet is used to divide the tunnel air duct into multiple sections along the length direction and set different air supply volumes for different sections. The air supply volume setting value of the section near the middle of the tunnel is lower than that of the section near the two ends of the tunnel, while keeping the total air supply volume of the tunnel unchanged. The scheme of changing the spacing between air vents is used to address the non-uniform distribution of heat sources in tunnels, which are less concentrated in the middle and more concentrated at both ends. The air vents arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel are adjusted to a non-uniform layout with larger spacing between air vents in the middle area and smaller spacing between air vents at both ends, while maintaining a consistent air output from each air vent.

[0010] Furthermore, the scheme for changing the airflow at the vents is based on a differentiated air supply design tailored to the non-uniform distribution characteristics of the actual heat load within the tunnel, specifically including: The air conditioning supply area within the ultra-long tunnel was longitudinally divided into six independent air supply sections. Through iterative optimization calculations using the parametric simulation module, the setpoint for the air volume of a single air outlet in each section was determined, thereby reducing the air volume of the air outlet in Zone III, located in the middle of the tunnel and with a relatively low heat load, to 444.8m. 3 / h, the air volume at the ventilation outlets in Zones VI and I, located at both ends of the tunnel and subject to high heat loads, was increased to 559.0 m³ / h. 3 / h and 520.3m 3 / h; The specific air volume configuration for each section's air outlet is as follows: Zone I has 40 air outlets, with a designed air volume of 520.3 m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h; Zone II has 34 air outlets, with a design air volume of 465.2 m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h; Zone III has 10 air outlets, with a designed air volume of 444.8 m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h; Zone IV has 6 air outlets, with a design air volume of 475.8 m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h; Zone V has 20 air vents, with a designed air volume of 543.8 m³ / h per vent. 3 / h; Zone VI has 50 air outlets, with a designed air volume of 559.0 m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific method for changing the air outlet spacing is as follows: Based on the non-uniform distribution characteristics of heat sources inside the tunnel, the layout of the air supply duct outlets is optimized by using a variable spacing hole arrangement method. The first air supply duct is divided into three zones from the middle of the tunnel to one end: Zone I, Zone II, and Zone III. The air outlet layout parameters for each zone are as follows: Zone I has 8 air outlets with a spacing of 3.0m between adjacent air outlets; Zone II has 26 air outlets with a spacing of 3.4m between adjacent air outlets; and Zone III has 44 air outlets with a spacing of 3.8m between adjacent air outlets. The second air supply duct is divided into Zone IV and Zone V from the middle of the tunnel to the other end. The air outlet layout parameters for each zone are as follows: Zone IV has 32 air outlets with a spacing of 3.4m between adjacent air outlets; Zone V has 50 air outlets with a spacing of 3.1m between adjacent air outlets. All air outlets in each zone maintain the same air supply volume of 516.875m³. 3 / h.

[0012] Furthermore, the scaled-down physical testing platform includes multiple replaceable duct sections made of different materials and connection processes; the central controller is connected to a leakage tester, and before executing the airflow control scheme, it controls the leakage tester to detect the leakage of each replaceable duct section under a test pressure of 700Pa, comparing the measured leakage per unit area with the preset allowable leakage threshold of 0.827m for high-pressure ducts. 3 / (h·m 2 By comparing and selecting duct materials and corresponding connection processes that meet the requirements for air leakage rate control and are not easily magnetized, the selection can be used as the basis for actual engineering selection.

[0013] Furthermore, the airflow regulating valves on each air supply branch pipe in the airflow control actuator are detachable, allowing for the sequential replacement of various brands and models of the valves under test; the central controller adjusts the input voltage to the electric actuator step by step, within a range of 550m... 3 / h~750m 3 Within the air volume range of / h, adjust the opening of each air valve to be tested, record the measured air volume data under different openings in real time, calculate the air volume change value corresponding to each 1% valve opening, and select the air valve model with the best matching with the electric actuator by comparing the linearity and stability of the air volume change.

[0014] Furthermore, the valve under test includes a circular manual regulating valve and a square manual regulating valve; the central controller tests both valve types at 550m under a 2% voltage increment. 3 / h~750m 3 By comparing the measured air volume difference between adjacent voltage levels within the / h air volume range, the combination of air valve and electric actuator with the smallest air volume change amplitude and the stable change trend is selected.

[0015] Furthermore, the central controller is connected to temperature sensors arranged at multiple locations within the simulated tunnel, specifically: During the operation of the air supply system, the central controller controls the air conditioning system to make the air supply temperature exhibit a periodic sine wave change, and the temperature sensor collects temperature response data at different locations. When the supply air temperature fluctuation amplitude is ±0.5℃, the temperature fluctuation value of each monitoring point is recorded. When the supply air temperature fluctuation amplitude decreases to ±0.2℃, the temperature response data is recorded again. By comparing the results of the two tests, the control accuracy of the air conditioning system required to control the axial and radial temperature fluctuations in the tunnel within ±0.2℃ is determined.

[0016] Furthermore, the central controller executes a multi-vent linkage and collaborative control program, specifically as follows: During the implementation of the selected air volume control scheme, the measured air volume of each air outlet is monitored in real time; When the deviation between the measured airflow and the target airflow at any vent exceeds a preset threshold, a linkage adjustment mechanism is triggered, including: The central controller, based on the hydraulic coupling characteristics of the duct network, synchronously adjusts the valve openings of multiple associated air outlets located in the same air supply section as the air outlet.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention constructs a scaled-down physical test platform proportional to the actual tunnel geometry and physical characteristics. Combined with a parametric simulation module, it generates multiple candidate air supply schemes. On the platform, it conducts systematic verification of schemes such as changing the air volume and spacing of the air outlets. This solves the problem that relying solely on numerical simulation is insufficient to fully reflect complex air leakage characteristics and component performance differences. It realizes the full-chain technical verification from digital simulation to scaled-down model to actual engineering, significantly improving the reliability and accuracy of the air supply system design and ensuring that the temperature uniformity inside the tunnel reaches the ultra-high precision requirement of ±0.1℃ / 5m.

[0018] 2. This invention conducts multi-dimensional compatibility tests on a scaled-down platform for different duct materials, valve types, and electric actuators. Leakage is measured for various materials including stainless steel, galvanized iron, and composite ducts under a test pressure of 700Pa. The linearity and sealing performance of manual valves, constant air volume valves, and variable air volume valves from multiple brands such as Xianlong, Peregrine, and Huadong Zhengda are compared to select those meeting the high-pressure leakage rate standard (≤0.827m). 3 / (h·m 2 Furthermore, the optimal combination of air valves with electric actuators solves the problems of excessive air leakage rate and poor linearity of air valve adjustment that make it difficult to achieve high-precision air volume control in traditional solutions due to improper selection of air duct materials. This provides an economical, reasonable and technically feasible solution for actual engineering selection.

[0019] 3. This invention executes a multi-vent linkage and collaborative control program through a central controller, and monitors the air volume of each air outlet in real time. When the deviation between the measured air volume of any air outlet and the target value exceeds a preset threshold, the valve opening of multiple related air outlets in the same air supply section is adjusted synchronously based on the hydraulic coupling characteristics of the duct network. This solves the problem of air volume fluctuations in other air outlets caused by the adjustment of a single air outlet, and the long and difficult-to-converge overall debugging cycle. It greatly improves the system debugging efficiency and the stability of air volume control, and ensures the long-term stable operation of the air supply system in ultra-long tunnels. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the air outlet air volume control system of the air supply system based on the tunnel scale model of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the relationship between voltage and airflow when a circular manual air valve is paired with a Bolim electric actuator, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the opening degree and air volume of square manual dampers of various brands in embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] To address the limitations of existing technologies where numerical simulation alone cannot fully reflect complex air leakage characteristics, and where on-site commissioning in actual engineering projects is time-consuming and costly, please refer to [the relevant documentation / reference]. Figures 1-3 This embodiment provides the following technical solution: The air supply system airflow control system based on a tunnel scale model includes: A scaled-down physical test platform is constructed proportionally based on the geometric dimensions and physical characteristics of an actual ultra-long tunnel and its internal air supply system, and is used to simulate the air supply environment of an actual tunnel. The parameterized simulation module is used to construct an airflow organization simulation model of a high-precision temperature-controlled air supply system for ultra-long tunnels based on the actual operating parameters of large scientific devices, fluid state parameters of the air supply system, and pipe structure parameters. This model is used to determine the initial airflow pattern and flow distribution of each air supply section and air outlet of the air supply duct, and to generate multiple candidate air supply parameter adjustment schemes. The adjustment schemes include at least one or more combinations of changing the air outlet air volume and changing the air outlet spacing. The air volume control actuator is installed on each air supply branch pipe of the scaled-down physical test platform, and includes an electric actuator, an air volume regulating valve and an air outlet connected in sequence. The central controller is communicatively connected to the parameterized simulation module and the airflow control actuator, and the central controller is configured as follows: Receive multiple candidate air supply parameter adjustment schemes output by the parameterized simulation module; Based on the preset temperature uniformity target inside the tunnel, the various candidate air supply parameter adjustment schemes are executed sequentially on the scaled-down physical test platform, and the measured air volume data of each air supply outlet and the simulated temperature distribution data inside the tunnel are collected in real time. Based on the comparative analysis of the measured data of each candidate scheme, the optimal air volume control scheme that meets the ±0.1℃ / 5m temperature gradient requirement was selected from the multiple candidate schemes.

[0023] The technical effects of the above-mentioned technical solution are as follows: By constructing a collaborative working system of a scaled-down physical test platform and a parametric simulation module, a closed-loop control of the entire chain from digital simulation to physical verification can be achieved. This effectively solves the technical problem that it is difficult to fully reflect complex air leakage characteristics and component performance differences by relying solely on numerical simulation. By systematically verifying and comparing measured data of various candidate air supply schemes on the scaled-down physical test platform, the optimal air volume control scheme that meets the ultra-high precision temperature control requirements of ±0.1℃ / 5m can be accurately selected. This avoids the high cost and long cycle caused by large-scale trial and error debugging in actual engineering. At the same time, by incorporating various adjustment methods such as changing the air volume of the air outlet and changing the spacing between air outlets into a unified verification framework, the scientific nature and reliability of the air supply system design are ensured, providing key technical guarantees for the safe and stable operation of the ultra-long tunnel large scientific device.

[0024] The scaled-down physical test platform includes a galvanized iron sheet duct test section with a total length of 70m. The test section is equipped with 28 branch pipes arranged according to the actual tunnel ventilation outlet layout. Each branch pipe is 680mm long and 300mm×200mm in size. Each branch pipe is equipped with a test valve for air volume control test.

[0025] The technical effects of the above-mentioned solution are as follows: By constructing a 70m long galvanized iron sheet duct test section and setting 28 branch pipes of uniform size according to the actual tunnel ventilation outlet layout ratio, a scaled-down test platform that truly reflects the hydraulic characteristics of the ultra-long tunnel ventilation system can be built. This provides a reliable physical carrier for conducting large-scale air volume control tests. By installing the air valve to be tested on each branch pipe, a refined study of the coordinated adjustment characteristics of multiple air outlets in the entire system can be achieved. This accurately simulates the air volume distribution law under the coupling effect of multiple branch pipes in actual engineering. In addition, the parametric design of the test platform allows air valves of different brands and types to be compared and tested under completely identical boundary conditions, eliminating the influence of differences in on-site working conditions on the test results. This improves the scientificity and comparability of the air valve selection test, and lays a solid foundation for subsequently selecting the best air valve combination that meets the requirements of ultra-high precision temperature control.

[0026] The candidate air supply parameter adjustment schemes generated by the parametric simulation module include schemes that change the airflow at the air outlets and schemes that change the spacing between the air outlets, specifically including: The scheme of changing the air volume of the air outlet is used to divide the tunnel air duct into multiple sections along the length direction and set different air supply volumes for different sections. The air supply volume setting value of the section near the middle of the tunnel is lower than that of the section near the two ends of the tunnel, while keeping the total air supply volume of the tunnel unchanged. The scheme of changing the spacing between air vents is used to address the non-uniform distribution of heat sources in tunnels, which are less concentrated in the middle and more concentrated at both ends. The air vents arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel are adjusted to a non-uniform layout with larger spacing between air vents in the middle area and smaller spacing between air vents at both ends, while maintaining a consistent air output from each air vent.

[0027] The scheme to change the airflow at the vents is based on the non-uniform distribution characteristics of the actual heat load within the tunnel, and involves differentiated air supply design, specifically including: The air conditioning supply area within the ultra-long tunnel was longitudinally divided into six independent air supply sections. Through iterative optimization calculations using the parametric simulation module, the setpoint for the air volume of a single air outlet in each section was determined, thereby reducing the air volume of the air outlet in Zone III, located in the middle of the tunnel and with a relatively low heat load, to 444.8m. 3 / h, the air volume at the ventilation outlets in Zones VI and I, located at both ends of the tunnel and subject to high heat loads, was increased to 559.0 m³ / h. 3 / h and 520.3m 3 / h; The specific air volume configuration for each section's air outlet is as follows: Zone I has 40 air outlets, with a designed air volume of 520.3 m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h; Zone II has 34 air outlets, with a design air volume of 465.2 m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h; Zone III has 10 air outlets, with a designed air volume of 444.8 m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h; Zone IV has 6 air outlets, with a design air volume of 475.8 m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h; Zone V has 20 air vents, with a designed air volume of 543.8 m³ / h per vent. 3 / h; Zone VI has 50 air outlets, with a designed air volume of 559.0 m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h; The differentiated configuration scheme effectively compensates for the uneven distribution of heat load along the tunnel while maintaining a constant total air supply volume. This ensures that, after being filtered by the central controller, the axial average temperature gradient fluctuation in the tunnel is controlled within the design target range of ±0.1℃ / 5m.

[0028] The specific solution for changing the spacing between air vents is as follows: Based on the non-uniform distribution of heat sources inside the tunnel, which is sparse in the middle and dense at both ends, the layout of the air supply duct outlets is optimized by using a variable spacing hole arrangement method. The first air supply duct is divided into three zones from the middle of the tunnel to one end: Zone I, Zone II, and Zone III. The air outlet layout parameters for each zone are as follows: Zone I has 8 air outlets with a spacing of 3.0m between adjacent air outlets; Zone II has 26 air outlets with a spacing of 3.4m between adjacent air outlets; and Zone III has 44 air outlets with a spacing of 3.8m between adjacent air outlets. The second air supply duct is divided into Zone IV and Zone V from the middle of the tunnel to the other end. The air outlet layout parameters for each zone are as follows: Zone IV has 32 air outlets with a spacing of 3.4m between adjacent air outlets; Zone V has 50 air outlets with a spacing of 3.1m between adjacent air outlets. All air outlets in each zone maintain the same air supply volume of 516.875m³. 3 / h; After the optimization of the air outlet spacing, the maximum average temperature difference along the tunnel axis was reduced from 0.95℃ to less than 0.61℃, and the temperature fluctuation within every 5-meter interval along the tunnel longitudinal direction was less than 0.08℃, meeting the high-precision temperature control requirement of ±0.1℃ / 5m.

[0029] The technical effects of the above solution are as follows: By generating two differentiated air supply parameter adjustment schemes—changing the airflow at the vents and changing the spacing between the vents—through a parametric simulation module, and by finely designing a scheme that addresses the non-uniform distribution of heat load within the tunnel (lower in the middle and higher at both ends), precise compensation and control of the temperature field in ultra-long tunnels can be achieved. Specifically, the scheme that changes the airflow at the vents divides the tunnel into six independent air supply sections, and through iterative optimization calculations, the airflow at the vents in the middle area is reduced to 444.8 m³. 3 / h, the air volume at both ends of the air outlet is increased to 559.0m.3 / h and 520.3m 3 The system achieves precise matching of heat load and air volume while maintaining a constant total air volume, thus solving the problem of excessive cooling in the middle area and excessive heating at both ends in the traditional equal air volume air supply mode. The scheme of changing the air outlet spacing adopts a non-uniform layout with a large air outlet spacing in the middle area (3.8m) and a small air outlet spacing at both ends (3.0m and 3.1m). While maintaining the same air volume at each air outlet, it achieves differentiated configuration of heat dissipation capacity along the tunnel, reducing the maximum average temperature difference along the tunnel axis from 0.95℃ before optimization to within 0.61℃, and the temperature fluctuation in every 5 meters is less than 0.08℃, which is significantly better than the design requirement of ±0.1℃ / 5m. The above scheme, through a combination of simulation and experimental verification, provides two complementary engineering implementation paths for high-precision temperature control in ultra-long tunnels. It can achieve precise compensation through differentiated air volume configuration and simplify the difficulty of air volume adjustment through non-uniform air outlet layout, thereby improving the flexibility and adaptability of the air supply system design.

[0030] The scaled-down physical testing platform includes multiple replaceable duct sections made of different materials and using different connection techniques. The central controller is connected to a leakage tester, which, before executing the airflow control scheme, controls the leakage tester to detect the leakage of each replaceable duct section under a test pressure of 700 Pa. The measured leakage per unit area is then compared with a preset permissible leakage threshold of 0.827 m for high-pressure ducts. 3 / (h·m 2 By comparing and selecting duct materials and corresponding connection processes that meet the requirements for air leakage rate control and are not easily magnetized, the selection can be used as the basis for actual engineering selection.

[0031] The technical effect of the above solution is as follows: By setting up multiple replaceable duct sections made of different materials and connection processes in a scaled-down physical test platform, and combining this with a leakage tester to conduct standardized leakage tests on each duct section under a test pressure of 700Pa, the measured leakage per unit area is compared with the allowable leakage threshold of 0.827m for high-pressure ducts. 3 / (h·m 2 This invention enables precise comparison and quantitative evaluation and selection of the sealing performance of various candidate materials, including stainless steel, galvanized iron sheet, and composite ducts. It not only screens duct materials that meet the requirements for ultra-high leakage rate control but also considers the strong electromagnetic radiation environment characteristics of large scientific devices operating within tunnels. By using non-magnetization as a key constraint in material selection, it effectively avoids the technical risks of galvanized iron sheet ducts being easily magnetized and having residual magnetism after demagnetization. Ultimately, it selects the material with the lowest leakage rate (measured value 0.048m). 3 / (h·m 2The use of stainless steel ducts with the best electromagnetic radiation resistance and their matching flange connection technology ensures the airtightness stability and environmental adaptability of the ultra-long tunnel ventilation system under long-term operating conditions, thus providing a scientific and reliable selection basis for actual projects.

[0032] The airflow regulating valves on each air supply branch pipe in the airflow control actuator are detachable, allowing for the sequential replacement of various brands and models of valves under test; the central controller controls the input voltage to the electric actuator in stages, within a range of 550m... 3 / h~750m 3 Within the air volume range of / h, adjust the opening degree of each air valve to be tested, record the measured air volume data under different opening degrees in real time, calculate the air volume change value corresponding to each 1% valve opening, and select the air valve model with the best matching with the electric actuator by comparing the linearity and stability of the air volume change.

[0033] The valves under test include round and square manual regulating valves; the central controller tests both valve types at 550m under a 2% voltage increment. 3 / h~750m 3 By comparing the measured air volume difference between adjacent voltage levels within the / h air volume range, the combination of air valve and electric actuator with the smallest air volume change amplitude and the stable change trend is selected.

[0034] The technical effects of the above solution are as follows: By setting the airflow regulating valves on each air supply branch pipe in the airflow control actuator to a detachable structure, it is possible to quickly replace and systematically compare and test various brands and models of air valves under test, thereby improving the efficiency and comprehensiveness of air valve selection testing; the central controller can gradually change the input voltage to the electric actuator, enabling testing at 550m... 3 / h~750m 3 Within the core working airflow range of / h, the opening degree of each tested air valve is precisely adjusted, and the measured airflow data at different opening degrees is recorded in real time. The airflow change value corresponding to each 1% valve opening is calculated, thereby quantitatively evaluating the adjustment linearity and control accuracy of each air valve. For both round and square manual regulating valves, the airflow change amplitude is further tested under a 2% voltage increment. By comparing the measured airflow difference under adjacent voltage levels, the combination of air valve with the smallest airflow change amplitude and the most stable change trend is accurately selected, effectively solving the problem that the factory calibration data alone cannot reflect the matching of actual working conditions in traditional selection. Through the above scheme, the high-performance combination of the Tuos round manual regulating valve and other components that best match the Bolim actuator is finally selected. It has the smallest airflow change amplitude and the best linearity under each 2% voltage adjustment, which can provide a reliable hardware guarantee for achieving high-precision airflow control in ultra-long tunnels.

[0035] The central controller is connected to temperature sensors located at multiple locations within the simulated tunnel, specifically: During the operation of the air supply system, the central controller controls the air conditioning system to make the air supply temperature exhibit a periodic sine wave change, and the temperature sensor collects temperature response data at different locations. When the supply air temperature fluctuation amplitude is ±0.5℃, the temperature fluctuation value of each monitoring point is recorded. When the supply air temperature fluctuation amplitude decreases to ±0.2℃, the temperature response data is recorded again. By comparing the results of the two tests, the control accuracy of the air conditioning system required to control the axial and radial temperature fluctuations in the tunnel within ±0.2℃ is determined.

[0036] The technical effects of the above solution are as follows: By arranging temperature sensors at multiple locations within the simulated tunnel and controlling the air conditioning system with a central controller to make the supply air temperature exhibit a periodic sinusoidal change, accurate testing and analysis of the dynamic response characteristics of the tunnel's thermal environment can be achieved; by collecting and comparing temperature response data at different locations under two operating conditions with supply air temperature fluctuation amplitudes of ±0.5℃ and ±0.2℃, the intrinsic correlation between the supply air temperature control accuracy and the stability of the temperature field within the tunnel is revealed, thus clearly defining the air conditioning system control accuracy requirements to ensure that both axial and radial temperature fluctuations within the tunnel are controlled within ±0.2℃; by providing key parameter basis for the design of a constant temperature environment control system for large scientific facilities, the technical risk of excessive temperature deviations within the tunnel due to insufficient air conditioning control accuracy can be avoided, while also providing scientific guidance for subsequent air conditioning system selection and automatic control strategy optimization.

[0037] The central controller executes a multi-vent linkage and collaborative control program, specifically as follows: During the implementation of the selected air volume control scheme, the measured air volume of each air outlet is monitored in real time; When the deviation between the measured airflow and the target airflow at any vent exceeds a preset threshold, a linkage adjustment mechanism is triggered, including: Based on the hydraulic coupling characteristics of the duct network, the central controller synchronously adjusts the valve openings of multiple associated air outlets located in the same air supply section as the air outlet, so as to maintain the balance of the total air supply volume and the stability of the pressure distribution in the section and avoid the chain disturbances caused by single-point adjustment.

[0038] The technical effects of the above solution are as follows: By executing a multi-vent linkage and collaborative control program through a central controller, the measured air volume of each air outlet can be monitored in real time during the air volume control scheme. When the air volume deviation of any air outlet exceeds a preset threshold, the linkage adjustment mechanism is immediately triggered. Based on the hydraulic coupling characteristics of the duct network, the valve openings of multiple related air outlets in the same air supply section are adjusted synchronously. This fundamentally solves the problem of chain fluctuations in air volume of other air outlets and difficulty in system convergence to a stable state caused by the hydraulic coupling effect under the traditional single-point adjustment method. By maintaining the balance of total air supply volume and stable pressure distribution within the section, it effectively avoids abnormal fluctuations in air volume of adjacent air outlets caused by the adjustment of a single air outlet, significantly shortens the system debugging cycle and improves the convergence efficiency of air volume control. At the same time, this linkage control mechanism ensures the independent stability and overall coordination of air supply volume in each section in the complex duct network of ultra-long tunnels, providing adaptive adjustment capability to cope with changes in operating conditions such as equipment aging and filter clogging during long-term operation, and ensuring the continuous stability of ultra-high precision temperature control of ±0.1℃ / 5m.

[0039] Based on the above technical solutions, the implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with a specific, non-limiting embodiment. This embodiment elaborates on the application of the "Air Supply System Outlet Air Volume Control System Based on Tunnel Scale Model" (hereinafter referred to as "this system") to the undulator tunnel of a hard X-ray free electron laser device of a large scientific facility, and designs and verifies a uniform air supply scheme that meets the high-precision temperature control requirements of ±0.1℃ / 5m.

[0040] Example: Optimization and Verification of High-Precision Temperature Control and Air Supply System for Ultra-Long Tunnels of Large Scientific Facilities 1. System construction and simulation pre-research First, based on the system's structure, a complete test and control system was built. The system includes a scaled-down physical test platform, a parametric simulation module, an airflow control actuator, and a central controller. The central controller is communicatively connected to the simulation module and the actuator.

[0041] 1.1. Parametric Simulation Module Construction: Based on the actual tunnel design parameters (total length 3110m, undulator section length 270m, tunnel depth 29m) and heat source distribution (equipment and cable heat dissipation exhibits a non-uniform characteristic of "less in the middle and more at both ends"), the project team constructed a high-precision airflow organization simulation model using CFD technology. This model simulates the fluid state parameters and pipe structure parameters of the air supply system, generating multiple candidate air supply parameter adjustment schemes, including schemes that change the airflow volume at the air outlets and schemes that change the spacing between the air outlets. The simulation schemes include: Option A (Changing the airflow at the vents): The tunnel duct is divided into six sections along its length. Through simulation and iterative optimization, the differentiated airflow for each section is determined. For example, the airflow at the vent in the middle section III, which has a low heat load, is reduced, while the airflow at the vents in sections VI and I, which have high heat loads at both ends, is increased, while keeping the total airflow of the tunnel constant.

[0042] Option B (changing the spacing between air vents): Based on the characteristics of non-uniform heat source distribution, a non-uniform layout with sparse air vents in the middle and dense air vents at both ends is designed, while maintaining a consistent air volume at each air vent.

[0043] Simulation results show that, theoretically, both optimization schemes can reduce the maximum average temperature difference along the tunnel axis to below 0.61℃, with a temperature fluctuation of less than 0.08℃ per 5 meters, thus preliminarily verifying their feasibility.

[0044] 1.2. Construction of a Scaled-Down Physical Test Platform: To verify the simulation results and solve practical engineering problems in a real environment, a scaled-down physical test platform was constructed. This platform consists of a 70m long galvanized iron sheet duct test section, with 28 branch pipes (each 680mm long and 300mm x 200mm in size) set up to simulate the ventilation layout and air supply environment of an actual tunnel.

[0045] 1.3. Deployment of Central Controller and Actuators: The central controller is communicatively connected to the simulation module and the scaled-down physical test platform. On each branch of the scaled-down physical test platform, an airflow control actuator, consisting of an electric actuator, an airflow regulating valve, and an air outlet, is installed to precisely adjust and monitor the airflow at each outlet in real time.

[0046] 2. Core component selection and engineering compatibility testing Before formally verifying the solution, the central controller used a test platform to conduct rigorous engineering matching screening of core components such as duct materials, valves, and actuators to ensure the reliability and economy of the final solution.

[0047] 2.1. Optimal Selection of Duct Material: The central controller operates a leakage tester to detect leakage in replaceable duct sections made of different materials, including stainless steel, galvanized iron, and composite ducts (with two connection methods), under a test pressure of 700Pa. This selection process, based on system design requirements, compares the measured leakage per unit area with the preset permissible leakage threshold of 0.827m for high-pressure ducts. 3 / (h·m 2 Compare the results and take into account the magnetization characteristics of the materials.

[0048] Test data: The test results are shown in Table 1. The measured air leakage per unit area for stainless steel and galvanized iron ducts is 0.048 m³ and 0.295 m³, respectively. 3 / (h·m 2The leakage rate is far below the permissible threshold for high-pressure ducts (0.827 m³). 3 / (h·m 2 Even after two applications of sealant, the composite duct still has a low air leakage rate (1.658 m³). 3 / (h·m 2 It still does not meet the medium pressure requirements.

[0049] Table 1. Air Leakage Data Recording Table for Ducts of Different Materials

[0050] Screening conclusion: Based on the applicability analysis (stainless steel is corrosion resistant and not easily magnetized), the central controller comprehensively determines that stainless steel ducts are the optimal choice and outputs the following recommendations: adopt prefabrication by the manufacturer in sections, flange connection, and use sealing fillers that are resistant to strong electromagnetic radiation to ensure construction quality and long-term operational stability.

[0051] 2.2. Optimal Matching of Air Valves and Actuators: The central controller performs automated testing on air valves of different brands and models on a test platform. The airflow regulating valves on each air supply branch pipe are detachable, allowing for the sequential replacement of various brands and models of air valves under test. The central controller adjusts the input voltage to the electric actuator in stages at 550m... 3 / h~750m 3 Within the air volume range of / h, adjust the opening degree of each air valve to be tested, record the measured air volume data under different opening degrees in real time, and calculate the air volume change value corresponding to each 1% valve opening.

[0052] Test data: The central controller gradually changes the input voltage to the electric actuator, ranging from 550 to 750 mV. 3 Within the target airflow range of / h, record the measured airflow at different damper openings. See Table 2 and... Figure 2 As shown, when the Tos circular manual regulating valve is paired with the Bolim electric actuator, the output airflow exhibits the smallest variation and the most stable trend with each 0.16V (2% of the total range) voltage increment adjustment. In contrast, other combinations show larger airflow fluctuations or poorer linearity (as shown in Table 3 and...). Figure 3 (As shown).

[0053] Table 2. Relationship between voltage and air volume changes when using a circular manual air valve with a Bolim electric actuator.

[0054] Table 3 Relationship between opening degree and air volume variation of square manual dampers for various brands

[0055] Screening conclusion: Although the combination of Toussaint and Borealis is expensive, its superior control linearity and stability are crucial for achieving extremely high temperature control accuracy of ±0.1℃. Considering the system's findings that constant air volume valves are unsuitable and square variable air volume valves require recalibration, the central controller prioritizes this combination of valve and actuator, providing hardware support for subsequent precise airflow control.

[0056] 3. Verification and optimization of candidate air supply schemes After the selection of core components was completed, the central controller began to execute various candidate air supply parameter adjustment schemes (Scheme A and Scheme B) generated by the simulation module on the scaled-down test platform, and collected the measured air volume data of each air supply outlet and the temperature distribution data of the simulated tunnel in real time.

[0057] Validation of Scheme A (Differentiated Airflow): Based on the non-uniform distribution of the actual heat load within the tunnel, the central controller divides the air conditioning supply area of ​​the ultra-long tunnel longitudinally into six independent air supply zones. Through iterative optimization calculations using the simulation module, the airflow setpoint for each air outlet in each zone is determined. The specific configuration is: Zone I, 40 air outlets, with a design airflow of 520.3 m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h; Zone II has 34 air outlets, with a design air volume of 465.2m³ per outlet. 3 / h; Zone III has 10 air outlets, with a design air volume of 444.8m³ per outlet. 3 / h; Zone IV has 6 air outlets, with a design air volume of 475.8m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h; Zone V has 20 air outlets, with a design air volume of 543.8m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h; Zone VI has 50 air outlets, with a design air volume of 559.0m³ per outlet. 3 / h. The experimental data reproduced the simulation results, proving that the scheme can effectively remove the non-uniformly distributed heat load, and the simulated temperature gradient in the tunnel was successfully controlled within ±0.1℃ / 5m.

[0058] Validation of Scheme B (Differentiated Spacing): Based on the non-uniform distribution of heat sources inside the tunnel, the central controller optimizes the layout of the air supply duct outlets using a variable spacing method. The first air supply duct is divided into Zones I, II, and III from the middle of the tunnel towards one end. The outlet layout parameters for each zone are as follows: Zone I has 8 air supply outlets with a spacing of 3.0m between adjacent outlets; Zone II has 26 air supply outlets with a spacing of 3.4m between adjacent outlets; and Zone III has 44 air supply outlets with a spacing of 3.8m between adjacent outlets. The second air supply duct is divided into Zones IV and V from the middle of the tunnel towards the other end. The outlet layout parameters for each zone are as follows: Zone IV has 32 air supply outlets with a spacing of 3.4m between adjacent outlets; and Zone V has 50 air supply outlets with a spacing of 3.1m between adjacent outlets. All air supply outlets in each zone maintain the same air volume of 516.875m³. 3 / h. The experiment also verified that the scheme could meet the design requirements, and the temperature distribution inside the tunnel was well uniform.

[0059] 4. System control accuracy and stability test To ensure the system's robustness in actual operation, the central controller underwent more in-depth performance testing.

[0060] 4.1. Test on the Impact of Air Conditioning Control Accuracy: The central controller is connected to temperature sensors located at multiple locations within the simulated tunnel. During the operation of the air supply system, the central controller controls the air conditioning system to cause the supply air temperature to exhibit a periodic sinusoidal change, and temperature response data at different locations are collected through the temperature sensors. When the supply air temperature fluctuation amplitude is ±0.5℃, the temperature fluctuation value at each monitoring point is recorded; when the supply air temperature fluctuation amplitude decreases to ±0.2℃, the temperature response data is recorded again.

[0061] Test data: When the supply air temperature fluctuation amplitude is ±0.5℃, the temperature fluctuation value in the constant temperature zone inside the tunnel exceeds the requirement of ±0.2℃. When the supply air temperature fluctuation amplitude is reduced to ±0.2℃, the axial and radial temperature fluctuation values ​​inside the tunnel are controlled between -0.029℃ and 0.187℃, meeting the design requirements.

[0062] Test conclusion: This test clarifies that in order to ensure the temperature control target of ±0.1℃ / 5m at the terminal, the control accuracy of the upstream air conditioning system must reach ±0.2℃.

[0063] 4.2. Multi-outlet Linkage Commissioning and Control: During the final implementation of the solution, the central controller initiates a multi-outlet linkage and collaborative control program. When the deviation between the measured airflow and the target airflow at a certain outlet exceeds a preset threshold, the central controller, based on the hydraulic coupling characteristics of the duct network, synchronously adjusts the valve openings of multiple associated outlets located in the same air supply section as the affected outlet. This mechanism transforms the lengthy cycle of traditional "one-by-one commissioning" into a rapid and precise "automatic linkage balancing," ensuring that the system can quickly recover stability under any operating condition and control dynamic temperature fluctuations within the required range.

[0064] 5. Final Conclusion Through the full-chain verification of digital simulation, scaled-down model, and actual engineering, this system successfully selected the optimal airflow control scheme for the project and determined the selection of key equipment: a combination of stainless steel ducts, a Toss circular manual regulating valve, and a Bolim electric actuator, employing a layout with differentiated airflow or differentiated air outlet spacing. The final implemented scheme ensured that the temperature was strictly controlled within the range of 25℃ to 30℃ within the 270m-long undulator tunnel, meeting the extremely high precision requirement of ±0.1℃ / 5m, providing a solid guarantee for the stable operation of the large scientific facility. This embodiment also fully verified the effectiveness and advanced nature of the system.

[0065] Working Principle: A parametric simulation module pre-constructs an airflow organization simulation model for a high-precision temperature-controlled air supply system in an ultra-long tunnel. This determines the initial airflow pattern and flow distribution of each section of the air supply duct and the air outlets, generating multiple candidate adjustment schemes to change the airflow or spacing between the air outlets. The central controller receives these schemes and executes them sequentially on a scaled-down physical test platform. Real-time data collection of measured airflow at each air outlet and temperature distribution within the simulated tunnel is conducted. Comparative analysis is used to select the optimal airflow control scheme that meets the ±0.1℃ / 5m temperature gradient requirement. This invention can perform multi-dimensional compatibility testing on duct materials, valve types, and electric actuators. Leakage detection filters for stainless steel ducts that are not easily magnetized and have excellent sealing performance. Step-by-step voltage adjustment tests the matching linearity between the valves and actuators. Multi-outlet linkage and collaborative control monitors and synchronously adjusts the opening of associated valves in real time. The ultimate goal is to achieve precise control of airflow organization within ultra-long tunnels, keeping the air leakage rate of the ventilation system below 1%, reducing the maximum average temperature difference along the tunnel axis to 0.61℃, and ensuring temperature fluctuations of less than 0.08℃ every 5 meters. This provides a high-precision constant temperature environment guarantee for the stable operation of large scientific facilities, and also provides an economical and technically feasible solution for the design and implementation of temperature control systems for similar major scientific and technological infrastructure.

[0066] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0067] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. An airflow control system for an air supply system based on a tunnel scale model, characterized in that, include: A scaled-down physical test platform is constructed proportionally based on the geometric dimensions and physical characteristics of an actual ultra-long tunnel and its internal air supply system, and is used to simulate the air supply environment of an actual tunnel. The parameterized simulation module is used to construct an airflow organization simulation model of a high-precision temperature-controlled air supply system for ultra-long tunnels based on the actual operating parameters of large scientific devices, fluid state parameters of the air supply system, and pipe structure parameters. This model is used to determine the initial airflow pattern and flow distribution of each air supply section and air outlet of the air supply duct, and to generate multiple candidate air supply parameter adjustment schemes. The adjustment schemes include at least one or more combinations of changing the air outlet air volume and changing the air outlet spacing. The air volume control actuator is installed on each air supply branch pipe of the scaled-down physical test platform, and includes an electric actuator, an air volume regulating valve and an air outlet connected in sequence. The central controller is communicatively connected to the parameterized simulation module and the airflow control actuator, and the central controller is configured as follows: Receive multiple candidate air supply parameter adjustment schemes output by the parameterized simulation module; Based on the preset temperature uniformity target inside the tunnel, the various candidate air supply parameter adjustment schemes are executed sequentially on the scaled-down physical test platform, and the measured air volume data of each air supply outlet and the simulated temperature distribution data inside the tunnel are collected in real time. Based on the comparative analysis of the measured data of each candidate scheme, the optimal air volume control scheme that meets the ±0.1℃ / 5m temperature gradient requirement was selected from the multiple candidate schemes.

2. The airflow control system for the air supply system based on a tunnel scale model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scaled-down physical test platform includes a galvanized iron sheet duct test section with a total length of 70m. The test section is equipped with 28 branch pipes arranged according to the actual tunnel ventilation outlet layout ratio. Each branch pipe is 680mm long and 300mm×200mm in size. Each branch pipe is equipped with a test valve for air volume control test.

3. The airflow control system for the air supply system based on a tunnel scale model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The candidate air supply parameter adjustment schemes generated by the parameterized simulation module include schemes that change the airflow at the air outlets and schemes that change the spacing between the air outlets, specifically including: The scheme of changing the air volume of the air outlet is used to divide the tunnel air duct into multiple sections along the length direction and set different air supply volumes for different sections. The air supply volume setting value of the section near the middle of the tunnel is lower than that of the section near the two ends of the tunnel, while keeping the total air supply volume of the tunnel unchanged. The scheme of changing the spacing between air vents is used to address the non-uniform distribution of heat sources in tunnels, which are less concentrated in the middle and more concentrated at both ends. The air vents arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel are adjusted to a non-uniform layout with larger spacing between air vents in the middle area and smaller spacing between air vents at both ends, while maintaining a consistent air output from each air vent.

4. The airflow control system for the air supply system based on a tunnel scale model according to claim 3, characterized in that, The proposed scheme for changing the airflow at the vents is based on a differentiated air supply design tailored to the non-uniform distribution characteristics of the actual heat load within the tunnel. Specifically, it includes: The air conditioning supply area within the ultra-long tunnel was longitudinally divided into six independent air supply sections. Through iterative optimization calculations using the parametric simulation module, the setpoint for the air volume of a single air outlet in each section was determined, thereby reducing the air volume of the air outlet in Zone III, located in the middle of the tunnel and with a relatively low heat load, to 444.8m. 3 / h, the air volume at the ventilation outlets in Zones VI and I, located at both ends of the tunnel and subject to high heat loads, was increased to 559.0 m³ / h. 3 / h and 520.3m 3 / h; The specific air volume configuration for each section's air outlet is as follows: Zone I has 40 air outlets, with a designed air volume of 520.3 m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h; Zone II has 34 air outlets, with a design air volume of 465.2 m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h; Zone III has 10 air outlets, with a designed air volume of 444.8 m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h; Zone IV has 6 air outlets, with a design air volume of 475.8 m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h; Zone V has 20 air vents, with a designed air volume of 543.8 m³ / h per vent. 3 / h; Zone VI has 50 air outlets, with a designed air volume of 559.0 m³ / h per outlet. 3 / h.

5. The airflow control system for the air supply system based on a tunnel scale model according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific method for changing the spacing between air vents is as follows: Based on the non-uniform distribution characteristics of heat sources inside the tunnel, the layout of the air supply duct outlets is optimized by using a variable spacing hole arrangement method. The first air supply duct is divided into three zones from the middle of the tunnel to one end: Zone I, Zone II, and Zone III. The air outlet layout parameters for each zone are as follows: Zone I has 8 air outlets with a spacing of 3.0m between adjacent air outlets; Zone II has 26 air outlets with a spacing of 3.4m between adjacent air outlets; and Zone III has 44 air outlets with a spacing of 3.8m between adjacent air outlets. The second air supply duct is divided into Zone IV and Zone V from the middle of the tunnel to the other end. The air outlet layout parameters for each zone are as follows: Zone IV has 32 air outlets with a spacing of 3.4m between adjacent air outlets; Zone V has 50 air outlets with a spacing of 3.1m between adjacent air outlets. All air outlets in each zone maintain the same air supply volume of 516.875m³. 3 / h.

6. The airflow control system for the air supply system based on a tunnel scale model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scaled-down physical testing platform includes multiple replaceable duct sections made of different materials and connection processes. The central controller is connected to a leakage tester, which, before executing the airflow control scheme, controls the leakage tester to detect the leakage of each replaceable duct section under a test pressure of 700Pa. The measured leakage per unit area is compared with the preset allowable leakage threshold of 0.827m for high-pressure ducts. 3 / (h·m) 2 By comparing and selecting duct materials and corresponding connection processes that meet the requirements for air leakage rate control and are not easily magnetized, the selection can be used as the basis for actual engineering selection.

7. The airflow control system for the air supply system based on a tunnel scale model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The airflow control actuator features detachable airflow regulating valves on each air supply branch pipe, allowing for the sequential replacement of various brands and models of valves under test. The central controller controls the input voltage to the electric actuator in stages, adjusting the voltage at 550m. 3 / h~750m 3 Within the air volume range of / h, adjust the opening of each air valve to be tested, record the measured air volume data under different openings in real time, calculate the air volume change value corresponding to each 1% valve opening, and select the air valve model with the best matching with the electric actuator by comparing the linearity and stability of the air volume change.

8. The airflow control system for the air supply system based on a tunnel scale model according to claim 7, characterized in that, The valves under test include round and square manual control valves; the central controller tests both valve types at 550m under a 2% voltage increment. 3 / h~750m 3 By comparing the measured air volume difference between adjacent voltage levels within the / h air volume range, the combination of air valve and electric actuator with the smallest air volume change amplitude and the stable change trend is selected.

9. The airflow control system for the air supply system based on a tunnel scale model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central controller is connected to temperature sensors arranged at multiple locations within the simulated tunnel, specifically: During the operation of the air supply system, the central controller controls the air conditioning system to make the air supply temperature exhibit a periodic sine wave change, and the temperature sensor collects temperature response data at different locations. When the supply air temperature fluctuation amplitude is ±0.5℃, the temperature fluctuation value of each monitoring point is recorded. When the supply air temperature fluctuation amplitude decreases to ±0.2℃, the temperature response data is recorded again. By comparing the results of the two tests, the control accuracy of the air conditioning system required to control the axial and radial temperature fluctuations in the tunnel within ±0.2℃ is determined.

10. The airflow control system for the air supply system based on a tunnel scale model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central controller executes a multi-vent linkage and collaborative control program, specifically as follows: During the implementation of the selected air volume control scheme, the measured air volume of each air outlet is monitored in real time; When the deviation between the measured airflow and the target airflow at any vent exceeds a preset threshold, a linkage adjustment mechanism is triggered, including: The central controller, based on the hydraulic coupling characteristics of the duct network, synchronously adjusts the valve openings of multiple associated air outlets located in the same air supply section as the air outlet.

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