Construction engineering drainage intelligent control system and control method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of construction engineering drainage intelligent control system and control method, specifically related to drainage monitoring technical field, by real-time monitoring reservoir water level and the valve operating state of bottom drainage system, can ensure that all conditions meet safety requirements before drainage;Using entropy analysis to evaluate the carrying capacity and distribution of sediments helps to avoid blockage and other drainage risks caused by uneven sediment discharge;By analyzing water level change trend and monitoring downstream water flow, the long-term impact of drainage operation can be evaluated in real time;By analyzing the hidden dangers of sediment discharge, water level stability and continuous drainage risk, potential bottom drainage problems can be warned in advance, and operation strategy can be adjusted in time, thereby optimizing the drainage effect, greatly improving the automation and intelligent level of reservoir management, making the bottom drainage of reservoir more secure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drainage monitoring technology, and more specifically, to an intelligent control system and control method for drainage in building engineering. Background Technology

[0002] Hydropower stations are a type of construction project. The reservoir of a hydropower station usually includes a bottom drainage system, which is used for sediment management. The bottom drainage system is located at the bottom of the reservoir and is used to release water from the bottom in order to remove sediment and discharge deep water.

[0003] In traditional reservoir management practices, the control of the bottom drainage system mainly relies on manual monitoring and experience-based judgment. This method has limitations in response speed and accuracy. Especially in the face of emergencies or situations requiring rapid decision-making, there is no early warning of the operating status of the bottom drainage system, which makes it impossible to control the drainage process in advance. This results in the inability to detect and respond to abnormal conditions of the drainage system in a timely manner, such as valve failures or pipe blockages, which may suddenly increase the safety risks of the reservoir during the bottom drainage process.

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, a technical solution is provided. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide an intelligent control system and control method for building drainage to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for intelligent control of drainage in building engineering includes the following steps:

[0008] S1: Before initiating bottom drainage: Monitor the current water level data of the reservoir; assess the recent operational status of the valves in the bottom drainage system;

[0009] S2: Based on the current water level data of the reservoir and the recent operation status of the valves in the bottom drainage system, determine whether bottom drainage can be started;

[0010] S3: After bottom drainage is initiated, entropy analysis is performed on the amount and distribution of sediments in the reservoir to assess the potential risks of sediment discharge during bottom drainage.

[0011] S4: Analyze the current water level data of the reservoir to assess the trend of water level changes and evaluate the stability of the water level change trend;

[0012] S5: Monitor the downstream water flow of the reservoir and assess the degree of continued risk of bottom drainage.

[0013] S6: By comprehensively analyzing the potential hazards of sediment discharge during bottom drainage, the stability of water level change trends, and the degree of continuous risk of bottom drainage, early warning of safety risks of bottom drainage is provided, and bottom drainage systems are controlled.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, in S1, monitoring the current water level data of the reservoir specifically involves continuously monitoring the current water level of the reservoir.

[0015] Assess the recent operational status of the valves in the bottom drainage system, specifically:

[0016] Get the multiple execution actions corresponding to the valves of the bottom drainage system that are closest to the real time, get the completion time length of each execution action, and get the expected completion time length of each execution action.

[0017] Actions whose completion time exceeds the expected completion time are marked as risky actions. The degree to which the completion time of these risky actions exceeds the expected completion time is analyzed, and the health risk index of the drain valve is calculated. The expression for this index is: Among them, PF JX The health risk index for the drain valve is defined as follows: n is the number of risky actions among the actions acquired closest to real-time; N is the number of actions acquired closest to real-time; and i is the number corresponding to the risky action, i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n, where i is a natural number. i Let yqt be the completion time length corresponding to the i-th risk execution action. i Let be the expected completion time length corresponding to the i-th risk execution action.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, in S2, specifically:

[0019] Obtain the upper and lower limits of the safe water level of the reservoir;

[0020] Set a health risk threshold for the drain valve; compare the health risk index of the drain valve with the health risk threshold of the drain valve:

[0021] When the health risk index of the drain valve is greater than the health risk threshold of the drain valve, it is determined that there is a high risk in the valve operation of the bottom drainage system; when the health risk index of the drain valve is less than or equal to the health risk threshold of the drain valve, it is determined that the valve operation of the bottom drainage system is normal.

[0022] Bottom drainage can be initiated when the valves of the bottom drainage system operate normally and the current water level of the reservoir is higher than the lower limit of the safe water level; otherwise, bottom drainage cannot be initiated.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, in S3, specifically:

[0024] Collect data on sediment load and distribution in the reservoir, including sediment concentration, water flow velocity and direction, and sediment particle size.

[0025] Preprocessing of the collected data on sediment load and distribution in the reservoir;

[0026] The spatial distribution entropy of sediments in the reservoir is analyzed as follows: H(S)=-∑p(s)logp(s); where H(S) is the spatial distribution entropy of sediments in the reservoir, and p(s) is the probability of sediment distribution measured in a specific spatial region s. The bottom region of the reservoir is selected as the specific spatial region s.

[0027] Calculate the joint entropy of sediment concentration and grain size: Where H(X,Y) is the joint entropy of sediment concentration and grain size, and p(x,y) is the probability that sediment concentration x and sediment concentration and grain size y occur simultaneously.

[0028] The dimensions of H(S) and H(X,Y) are made dimensionless, and the dimensionless H(S) and H(X,Y) are then weighted and summed to calculate the bottom entropy evaluation index.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, in S4, specifically:

[0030] Set an emission speed monitoring range, which is a real-time monitoring range;

[0031] Multiple time points are evenly set within the emission velocity monitoring range to obtain the water flow emission velocity at the bottom drainage outlet corresponding to each time point, and to obtain the preset emission velocity of the bottom drainage system corresponding to each time point.

[0032] The deviation between the water discharge velocity at the bottom drainage outlet and the preset discharge velocity of the bottom drainage system at the corresponding time points within the discharge velocity monitoring interval is analyzed, and the bottom discharge velocity risk index is calculated. Its expression is: Among them, DF FZ The base emission rate risk index is represented by k, where k is the number of time points within the emission rate monitoring interval, w is the time point number within the emission rate monitoring interval, w = 1, 2, 3, ..., k, where w is a positive integer, and dv w Let ydv be the water discharge velocity at the bottom drain outlet corresponding to the w-th time point.w The preset discharge rate for the bottom drainage system at the w-th time point.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, in S5, specifically:

[0034] The downstream area of ​​the reservoir is delineated, which includes the area near the reservoir and the area far from the reservoir.

[0035] Set water level thresholds for the area near the reservoir; monitor water levels in the area near the reservoir in real time;

[0036] When the water level in the area near the reservoir is greater than or equal to the water level threshold in the area near the reservoir, a drainage hazard signal is generated.

[0037] When the water level in the near reservoir area is lower than the water level threshold for the near reservoir area, a water level analysis signal for the distant reservoir area is generated. Based on the generated water level analysis signal for the distant reservoir area, the corresponding water level safety ratio for the distant reservoir area is calculated.

[0038] Establish a safe water level range for the remote reservoir area;

[0039] The water level safety ratio corresponding to the remote reservoir area is the ratio of the length of time the water level in the remote reservoir area is within the safe water level range of the remote reservoir area to the total monitoring time.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, in S6, specifically:

[0041] The bottom discharge entropy evaluation index, bottom discharge velocity risk index, and water level safety ratio corresponding to the distant reservoir area are normalized. After assigning preset proportional coefficients to the normalized bottom discharge entropy evaluation index, bottom discharge velocity risk index, and water level safety ratio corresponding to the distant reservoir area, the bottom discharge risk warning coefficient is calculated. The bottom discharge risk warning coefficient is used to warn of the safety risk of bottom discharge.

[0042] Set a bottom-drainage risk warning threshold; compare the bottom-drainage risk warning coefficient with the bottom-drainage risk warning threshold:

[0043] When the bottom discharge risk warning coefficient is greater than the bottom discharge risk warning threshold, a bottom discharge risk warning signal is generated. The control strategies at this time include immediate notification, suspension of drainage operations, data verification and analysis, and emergency measures.

[0044] When the bottom discharge risk warning coefficient is less than or equal to the bottom discharge risk warning threshold, it is determined that a normal bottom discharge risk signal has been generated, and no measures need to be taken.

[0045] On the other hand, the present invention provides an intelligent control system for building drainage, including a startup risk acquisition module, a startup risk judgment module, a sedimentation entropy value analysis module, a water level trend assessment module, a downstream water flow analysis module, and a bottom drainage safety early warning module;

[0046] Activate the risk acquisition module: Before initiating bottom drainage: monitor the current water level data of the reservoir; assess the recent operational status of the valves in the bottom drainage system;

[0047] Activate the risk assessment module: Based on the current water level data of the reservoir and the recent operation status of the valves in the bottom drainage system, determine whether bottom drainage can be activated;

[0048] Sediment Entropy Analysis Module: After bottom drainage is initiated, entropy analysis is performed on the amount and distribution of sediments in the reservoir to assess the potential risks of sediment discharge during bottom drainage.

[0049] Water level trend assessment module: Analyzes the current water level data of the reservoir to assess the trend of water level changes and evaluate the stability of the water level change trend;

[0050] Downstream flow analysis module: Monitors the downstream flow of the reservoir and assesses the degree of continuous risk of bottom drainage.

[0051] Bottom drainage safety early warning module: By comprehensively analyzing the degree of hidden dangers in the sediment discharge process, the stability of water level change trends, and the degree of continuous risk of bottom drainage, the module provides early warning of safety risks of bottom drainage and controls the bottom drainage system.

[0052] The technical effects and advantages of the intelligent control system and control method for building drainage in this invention are as follows:

[0053] 1. By monitoring the reservoir's water level and the valve operation status of the bottom drainage system in real time, it is possible to ensure that all conditions meet safety requirements before drainage, effectively preventing safety accidents caused by valve malfunctions or inappropriate water level conditions. Secondly, entropy analysis is used to assess the amount and distribution of sediment, providing a scientific basis for decisions on drainage timing and methods. This helps avoid blockages and other drainage hazards caused by uneven sediment discharge. Furthermore, by analyzing water level change trends and monitoring downstream flow, the long-term impact of drainage operations can be assessed in real time, ensuring that reservoir drainage activities do not negatively affect downstream ecosystems and water quality.

[0054] 2. By comprehensively analyzing the potential risks of sediment discharge, water level stability, and continuous drainage, early warnings of potential bottom drainage problems can be provided, allowing for timely adjustments to operational strategies. This optimizes drainage effectiveness, reduces maintenance costs, extends the service life of the reservoir and related facilities, and ensures the safety and environmental protection of downstream areas. It significantly improves the automation and intelligence level of reservoir management, making bottom drainage safer. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an intelligent control method for drainage in building engineering according to the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent drainage control system for building engineering according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] Figure 1 The present invention discloses an intelligent control method for drainage in building engineering, which includes the following steps:

[0060] S1: Before initiating bottom drainage: Monitor the current water level data of the reservoir; assess the recent operational status of the valves in the bottom drainage system.

[0061] S2: Based on the current water level data of the reservoir and the recent operation status of the valves in the bottom drainage system, determine whether bottom drainage can be started.

[0062] S3: After bottom drainage is initiated, entropy analysis is performed on the amount and distribution of sediments in the reservoir to assess the potential risks of sediment discharge during bottom drainage.

[0063] S4: Analyze the current water level data of the reservoir to assess the trend of water level changes and evaluate the stability of the water level change trend.

[0064] S5: Monitor the downstream water flow of the reservoir and assess the degree of continued risk of bottom drainage.

[0065] S6: By comprehensively analyzing the potential hazards of sediment discharge during bottom drainage, the stability of water level change trends, and the degree of continuous risk of bottom drainage, early warning of safety risks of bottom drainage is provided, and bottom drainage systems are controlled.

[0066] In S1, water level is one of the core indicators for reservoir safety management. High water levels may mean that the safety threshold has been exceeded, requiring immediate drainage to prevent reservoir overflow, flooding, or damage to the dam structure. Conversely, extremely low water levels may affect the power generation efficiency of the hydropower station and the downstream ecosystem.

[0067] Valves are critical devices for controlling water flow, and their performance directly affects the implementation of drainage operations. Evaluating the valve response of a bottom drainage system ensures that it can execute operations quickly and accurately when needed. By monitoring valve response, potential faults or wear problems can be identified and repaired promptly, reducing unexpected downtime and potential safety risks caused by equipment failure.

[0068] Therefore, before starting bottom drainage:

[0069] The current water level data of the reservoir is monitored, specifically as follows:

[0070] The reservoir's current water level is continuously monitored using measuring devices. These devices should provide real-time data to facilitate rapid drainage decisions. These measuring devices include:

[0071] Floating water level gauge: It floats on the water surface and moves up and down with the water level. It measures the water level by the change in its relative position to a fixed point.

[0072] Pressure level gauge: Installed at the bottom of the reservoir, it uses changes in water pressure to estimate the water level.

[0073] Radar level gauge: Uses the time it takes for radar waves to reflect back from the surface of a reservoir to measure the water level.

[0074] Assess the recent operational status of the valves in the bottom drainage system, specifically:

[0075] Assessing the recent operational status of valves in the bottom drainage system ensures the reliability and efficiency of the system. Analyzing valve actuation can help identify potential operational problems or equipment malfunctions.

[0076] Obtain the multiple execution actions corresponding to the valves of the bottom drainage system that are closest to real-time.

[0077] Obtain the completion time for each action. For each action, record the actual time taken from start to finish, which is the corresponding completion time.

[0078] The execution action refers to the opening or closing of a valve, which is a key action in drainage system management. It is used to control the release or cut off of water flow to adjust reservoir water levels, manage sediment, or respond to emergencies such as floods.

[0079] Obtain the expected completion time for each action. Each valve action should have a standard or expected completion time. The expected completion time is based on the equipment manufacturer's specifications or historical operating data.

[0080] When the completion time of an action is longer than the expected completion time, this usually indicates several possible problems:

[0081] Valve mechanical failure: such as wear of valve components, valve jamming, or damage to seals, may cause operational delays.

[0082] Control system issues: Automatic control systems may have configuration errors or communication delays, affecting command execution speed.

[0083] Power supply issues: Unstable power supply or electrical connection problems may also cause valve operation to be delayed.

[0084] Deposits or impurities clogging: Deposits that accumulate inside valves or pipes may prevent the valves from operating properly.

[0085] Actions whose completion time exceeds the expected completion time are marked as risky actions. The degree to which the completion time of these risky actions exceeds the expected completion time is analyzed, and the health risk index of the drain valve is calculated. The expression for this index is: Among them, PF JX The health risk index for the drain valve is defined as follows: n is the number of risky actions among the actions acquired closest to real-time; N is the number of actions acquired closest to real-time; and i is the number corresponding to the risky action, i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n, where i is a natural number. i Let yqt be the completion time length corresponding to the i-th risk execution action. i Let be the expected completion time length corresponding to the i-th risk execution action.

[0086] The higher the health risk index of the drain valve, the worse the recent operation of the valves in the bottom drainage system is, indicating a greater safety risk that the valves may fail in the near future and affect the normal operation of the bottom drainage system.

[0087] In S2, based on the current water level data of the reservoir and the recent operation status of the valves in the bottom drainage system, it is determined whether bottom drainage can be initiated. Specifically:

[0088] Obtain the upper and lower limits of the safe water level for the reservoir. These limits are set by professionals in the field based on reservoir design, historical hydrological data, downstream safety requirements, and environmental protection requirements, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0089] Upper limit of safe water level: Exceeding this limit may increase the risk of dam overflow or cause damage to the dam structure.

[0090] Lower limit of safe water level: A water level in a reservoir below this limit may affect the power generation efficiency of the hydropower station and the ecosystem of the downstream water body.

[0091] Therefore, if the current water level of the reservoir is above the lower limit of the safe water level, bottom drainage can be carried out. This usually means that there is enough water in the reservoir to allow for bottom drainage without negatively impacting the power generation efficiency of the hydropower station or the ecosystem of the downstream water body. In this case, bottom drainage can be carried out as needed, especially if the water level is close to or exceeds the upper limit of the safe water level, in order to reduce the risk of dam overflow or alleviate the pressure on the dam structure.

[0092] Bottom drainage is not recommended when the current water level of the reservoir is below or equal to the lower limit of the safe water level: In this situation, bottom drainage is generally not advised, as it may further lower the water level, affecting the power generation capacity of the hydroelectric power station and the health of the downstream ecosystem. Drainage should be avoided when the water level is too low unless it is for emergency maintenance or the minimum necessary operation to ensure the functional integrity of valves and drainage systems.

[0093] The health risk threshold for the drain valve is set by professionals in the field based on the magnitude of the health risk index of the drain valve and the actual requirements for the recent operation of the valves in the bottom drainage system, as well as other practical situations. It will not be elaborated here.

[0094] Compare the health risk index of drain valves with the health risk threshold of drain valves:

[0095] When the health risk index of the drain valve is greater than the health risk threshold of the drain valve, it is determined that there is a high risk in the completion of valve operation in the bottom drainage system. This indicates that the valve may have a high operational risk, and its performance may be degraded due to mechanical failure, wear, operation delay, or other reasons.

[0096] When the health risk index of the drain valve is less than or equal to the health risk threshold of the drain valve, it is determined that the valve operation of the bottom drainage system is normal; this means that the health status of the valve is normal or the health status of the valve is low, and it can continue to operate as planned without immediate additional intervention.

[0097] Therefore, bottom drainage can be started when the valves of the bottom drainage system are functioning normally and the current water level of the reservoir is higher than the lower limit of the safe water level; otherwise, bottom drainage cannot be started.

[0098] In S3, after bottom drainage is initiated, entropy analysis is performed on the sediment load and distribution in the reservoir to assess the potential risks of sediment discharge during bottom drainage. Specifically:

[0099] Collect data on the amount and distribution of sediments in the reservoir, including:

[0100] Sediment concentration measurement: Turbidity sensors and suspended solids meters are used to obtain sediment concentration data in the reservoir.

[0101] Water flow velocity and direction: Deploying current meters and flow direction meters to measure the velocity and direction of water flow is crucial for understanding sediment movement and settling patterns.

[0102] Sediment particle size analysis: Using a particle size analyzer or similar equipment to determine the size distribution of sediments. The particle size directly affects the carrying capacity and settling rate of sediments.

[0103] Data on sediment load and distribution collected from the reservoir need to be preprocessed to ensure the accuracy of the analysis:

[0104] Data cleaning: Remove outliers and potentially erroneous data, such as readings from periods of equipment failure.

[0105] Data synchronization: Ensure all data points are time-aligned for cross-parameter analysis.

[0106] Normalization: Normalizing or standardizing data to enable unified analysis of data from different devices and measurement ranges.

[0107] To analyze the spatial distribution entropy of sediments in the reservoir, considering the differences in sediment distribution in different areas of the reservoir: H(S)=-∑p(s)logp(s); where H(S) is the spatial distribution entropy of sediments in the reservoir, and p(s) is the probability of sediment distribution measured in a specific spatial region s. The bottom area of ​​the reservoir is selected as the specific spatial region s.

[0108] The specific spatial region s refers to the specific area or location in the reservoir selected for monitoring and analysis. It is usually selected based on its special environmental characteristics, water flow characteristics or sediment accumulation. Generally, when the bottom of the reservoir is drained, the bottom area of ​​the reservoir is selected as the specific spatial region s.

[0109] The joint entropy of sediment concentration and grain size is calculated to assess the interdependence of these two variables and the overall distribution complexity. Its expression is as follows: Where H(X,Y) is the joint entropy of sediment concentration and grain size, and p(x,y) is the probability that sediment concentration x and sediment concentration and grain size y occur simultaneously.

[0110] In assessing the potential hazards of bottom drainage during sediment discharge, the spatial distribution entropy of sediments in a reservoir can reveal areas where sediments may be concentrated, indicating that the bottom region of the reservoir is prone to blockages or other drainage problems during bottom drainage. Therefore, using the spatial distribution entropy of sediments in a reservoir for risk assessment can more effectively identify and prevent specific hazards that may be encountered during drainage.

[0111] The combined entropy of sediment concentration and particle size provides a more comprehensive risk assessment by analyzing the multidimensional characteristics of sediments. Since the combined entropy considers multiple variables, it can better predict the dynamic changes of sediments in the reservoir and is very effective in assessing the degree of hazard in the sediment discharge process during bottom drainage.

[0112] Dimensionless processing is performed on H(S) and H(X,Y). Then, a weighted sum of the dimensionless H(S) and H(X,Y) is calculated to obtain the bottom entropy evaluation index, whose expression is: DP SP =α*H(S)′+β*H(X,Y)′, where, DP SP Let H(S)′ and H(X,Y)′ be the entropy evaluation index, respectively, and let α and β be the weights of H(S) and H(X,Y) after dimensionless processing. Both α and β are greater than 0.

[0113] The specific values ​​of α and β depend on the importance of H(S) and H(X,Y) in assessing the potential risks of sediment discharge during bottom drainage. Usually, the importance of H(S) is greater than that of H(X,Y), so α can be set to β.

[0114] In the bottom drainage entropy evaluation index, "bottom drainage" is an abbreviation for bottom drainage.

[0115] The higher the bottom drainage entropy evaluation index, the higher the risk of sediment discharge during bottom drainage. It indicates that the distribution and characteristics of sediments exhibit greater randomness and non-uniformity in space and combination. This high degree of non-uniformity or complex distribution increases the risk of problems such as blockage, low drainage efficiency, or incomplete drainage during the drainage process.

[0116] In S4, the current water level data of the reservoir is analyzed to assess the trend of water level changes and evaluate the stability of the water level change trend. Specifically:

[0117] Set an emission speed monitoring interval. The emission speed monitoring interval is a real-time monitoring interval. The endpoint of the emission speed monitoring interval is always the real-time time point, and the time length of the emission speed monitoring interval is fixed. For example, if the time length of the emission speed monitoring interval is 1 minute and the real-time time point is 15:06, then the range of the emission speed monitoring interval is 15:05-15:06.

[0118] Multiple time points are evenly set within the emission velocity monitoring range to obtain the water flow emission velocity at the bottom drainage outlet corresponding to each time point, and to obtain the preset emission velocity of the bottom drainage system corresponding to each time point.

[0119] If the water flow velocity at the bottom drain outlet deviates from the preset discharge velocity of the drainage system, it may indicate that:

[0120] Valve or control system malfunction: The valve may fail to respond accurately to the control signal, or the control system itself may be faulty, resulting in the inability to properly regulate the discharge rate.

[0121] Blockage or sediment buildup: Drain pipes or valves may fail to reach the preset discharge rate due to sediment buildup or other blockages. In this case, the discharge rate may be lower than the preset value.

[0122] Mechanical wear or damage: Wear or damage to valves or other drainage system components may also prevent the preset discharge rate from being reached or maintained.

[0123] Overflow risk: If the actual discharge rate is lower than the preset rate, it may cause the reservoir water level to rise, increasing the risk of dam overflow.

[0124] Environmental impact: If the discharge rate is too high, it may impact downstream waters, affecting water quality and aquatic ecosystems, especially if the discharged water contains high concentrations of sediment or other pollutants.

[0125] Occasionally, the water flow rate at the bottom drain outlet deviates from the preset discharge rate of the bottom drainage system. The impact on the stability of the bottom drainage is negligible. However, if the occurrence is frequent over a period of time, it may lead to a lower stability in the water level change trend, thus indicating poor stability of the bottom drainage.

[0126] The deviation between the water discharge velocity at the bottom drainage outlet and the preset discharge velocity of the bottom drainage system at the corresponding time points within the discharge velocity monitoring interval is analyzed, and the bottom discharge velocity risk index is calculated. Its expression is: Among them, DF FZ The base emission rate risk index is represented by k, where k is the number of time points within the emission rate monitoring interval, w is the time point number within the emission rate monitoring interval, w = 1, 2, 3, ..., k, where w is a positive integer, and dvw Let ydv be the water discharge velocity at the bottom drain outlet corresponding to the w-th time point. w The preset discharge rate for the bottom drainage system at the w-th time point.

[0127] The higher the bottom discharge velocity risk index, the greater the abnormality of the water flow discharge velocity at the bottom drainage outlet within the discharge velocity monitoring range, the lower the stability of the water level change trend, and the greater the safety hazard risk of bottom drainage.

[0128] In S5, the downstream water flow of the reservoir is monitored to assess the degree of continued risk of bottom drainage, specifically:

[0129] The downstream area of ​​the reservoir is delineated, which includes the near-reservoir area and the distant-reservoir area. The near-reservoir area is the area adjacent to the reservoir, while the distant-reservoir area is the area located downstream of the near-reservoir area.

[0130] The delineation of the downstream area, near-reservoir area, and distant-reservoir area is determined by professionals in the field based on actual monitoring needs. The near-reservoir area typically refers to the region closest to the dam, where water levels and flow velocities are directly affected by drainage activities. The environmental and ecological responses here are highly sensitive and rapid to drainage activities. The distant-reservoir area refers to the region farther from the dam. While the effects of drainage activities are also transmitted here, changes may be delayed, and the impact may be smaller. Further details will not be elaborated upon here.

[0131] Areas near reservoirs are directly affected by drainage activities, and water level changes are typically rapid and significant. Monitoring water levels in this area can provide immediate feedback on the direct effects of drainage operations and potential problems, such as abnormal drops or rises in water levels, which may indicate malfunctions or operational errors in the discharge equipment.

[0132] Although the impact of drainage activities on the remote reservoir area is relatively indirect, monitoring water level changes in this area is equally important for assessing the impact of drainage activities on a wider area. This includes long-term environmental impacts and potential ecological risks.

[0133] Based on historical data and safety standards, a water level threshold is set for the area near the reservoir. Since the monitoring focuses on the drainage process, this water level threshold represents the safe maximum water level for the area near the reservoir.

[0134] High-precision water level sensors are used to monitor the water level in the area near the reservoir in real time.

[0135] When the water level in the vicinity of the reservoir is greater than or equal to the water level threshold for the vicinity of the reservoir, a drainage hazard signal is generated. At this time, the following measures are taken based on the generated drainage hazard signal:

[0136] Based on the drainage hazard signal, control the bottom discharge system to stop bottom discharge from the reservoir.

[0137] Immediately notify management and relevant emergency response teams to ensure all relevant personnel are aware of the current emergency situation.

[0138] When the water level in the near reservoir area is lower than the water level threshold for the near reservoir area, a water level analysis signal for the distant reservoir area is generated. At this time, based on the generated water level analysis signal for the distant reservoir area, the corresponding water level safety ratio for the distant reservoir area is calculated.

[0139] Establish a safe water level range for the remote reservoir area: Analyze historical water level data for the remote reservoir area, including records of the highest and lowest water levels. This data helps determine the range of water level variations under natural conditions. Review relevant water resource management regulations to understand the water level control standards and legal requirements that must be followed. Consider the needs of downstream ecosystems, such as water level maintenance in wetlands and water level requirements during fish breeding seasons.

[0140] The water level safety ratio corresponding to the remote reservoir area is the ratio of the length of time the water level in the remote reservoir area is within the safe water level range of the remote reservoir area to the total monitoring time.

[0141] The smaller the safety ratio of the water level in the distant reservoir area, the more serious the water level anomaly in the distant reservoir area, that is, the greater the continuous risk of bottom drainage. This means that the water level in the area is within the prescribed safe water level range for a shorter period of time and is frequently in an abnormal state. This indicates that bottom drainage operations may have a negative impact on the stability of downstream water flow and water level, making the area more susceptible to extreme hydrological events such as floods or droughts, thereby increasing the continuous risk of drainage operations.

[0142] The total monitoring time is set based on the actual monitoring needs of the water level in the remote reservoir area, and will not be elaborated here.

[0143] Maintaining normal water levels in the vicinity of the reservoir is a prerequisite for the safe conduct of the entire drainage operation. Abnormal water levels in this area can lead to safety risks; for example, excessively high water levels may increase the risk of dam overflow, while excessively low water levels may affect the power generation efficiency of the hydropower station and the downstream ecosystem. By analyzing the time frame of abnormal water levels in the distant reservoir area, the long-term and delayed impacts of the drainage operation can be assessed.

[0144] In S6, a comprehensive analysis is conducted on the potential risks of sediment discharge during bottom drainage, the stability of water level trends, and the sustained risk of bottom drainage. Specifically:

[0145] The bottom discharge entropy evaluation index, bottom discharge velocity risk index, and water level safety ratio corresponding to the distant reservoir area are normalized. After assigning preset proportional coefficients to the normalized bottom discharge entropy evaluation index, bottom discharge velocity risk index, and water level safety ratio corresponding to the distant reservoir area, the bottom discharge risk warning coefficient is calculated. The bottom discharge risk warning coefficient is used to provide early warning of the safety risk of bottom discharge.

[0146] The specific implementation method for calculating the bottom discharge risk warning coefficient is not specifically limited here. Any method that can calculate the bottom discharge risk warning coefficient by assigning preset proportional coefficients to the normalized bottom discharge entropy evaluation index, the bottom discharge velocity risk index, and the water level safety ratio corresponding to the distant reservoir area, is acceptable. In order to achieve the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention provides a specific method for calculating the bottom discharge risk warning coefficient.

[0147] The expression for the bottom-line risk warning coefficient is: Wherein, DYX is the bottom discharge risk warning coefficient, SW is the water level safety ratio corresponding to the distant reservoir area, and δ1, δ2, and δ3 are the preset proportional coefficients of the bottom discharge entropy evaluation index, the bottom discharge velocity risk index, and the water level safety ratio corresponding to the distant reservoir area, respectively. δ1, δ2, and δ3 are all greater than 0.

[0148] The preset proportional coefficients are determined based on the relative importance of each indicator in assessing the overall drainage risk. These preset proportional coefficients reflect the influence and sensitivity of each indicator on the safety of bottom drainage operations. Several factors are typically considered when setting these preset proportional coefficients:

[0149] By analyzing statistical data on the impact of various factors on drainage safety in historical events, we can identify which factors played a key role in past drainage incidents.

[0150] Based on their experience, experts in reservoir management and hydrology assess how various factors affect the safe operation of the reservoir and assign different preset proportional coefficients accordingly.

[0151] A risk assessment model is used to simulate the potential impact of changes in different factors on drainage safety, and the sensitivity and importance of each factor are determined through the model output.

[0152] In accordance with relevant safety standards and specifications, ensure that the preset proportional coefficients comply with industry regulations and can effectively guide actual operations to prevent risks.

[0153] The preset ratio coefficient is set not only based on scientific analysis and empirical data, but also combined with professional judgment and the needs of actual operation, so as to ensure that the bottom drainage risk warning coefficient can accurately reflect the various risks that may be encountered in drainage operation.

[0154] As can be seen from the calculation formula of the bottom drainage risk warning coefficient, the larger the bottom drainage risk warning coefficient, the greater the safety risk of bottom drainage.

[0155] Set a bottom-drainage risk warning threshold; compare the bottom-drainage risk warning coefficient with the bottom-drainage risk warning threshold:

[0156] When the bottom drainage risk warning coefficient exceeds the bottom drainage risk warning threshold, a bottom drainage risk warning signal is generated. This indicates that the current bottom drainage activity may pose a high risk and could negatively impact reservoir safety. The control strategies at this time include:

[0157] Immediate notification: The automated system should immediately send a risk warning signal to the management personnel to alert them to potentially high-risk conditions.

[0158] Suspend drainage operations: If circumstances permit, temporarily halt drainage operations to prevent further escalation of risks.

[0159] Data verification and analysis: A detailed analysis of the factors that lead to high-risk assessments is conducted, including re-examining water level data, discharge rates, sediment conditions, etc.

[0160] Take emergency measures: Implement necessary emergency measures according to the pre-established emergency response plan, such as activating backup drainage channels or adjusting drainage strategies.

[0161] When the bottom discharge risk warning coefficient is less than or equal to the bottom discharge risk warning threshold, a bottom discharge risk normal signal is generated. This indicates that the drainage activity is currently at a normal risk level, there is no immediate safety threat, and no measures need to be taken.

[0162] The bottom drainage risk warning threshold is set by professionals in the field based on the calculated bottom drainage risk warning coefficient and other actual conditions such as the safety risk requirements for bottom drainage in practice, and will not be elaborated here.

[0163] Example 2

[0164] The difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is that this embodiment introduces an intelligent control system for drainage in building engineering.

[0165] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent control system for drainage in building engineering is provided. The intelligent control system for drainage in building engineering includes a risk acquisition module, a risk judgment module, a sedimentation entropy analysis module, a water level trend assessment module, a downstream flow analysis module, and a bottom drainage safety early warning module.

[0166] Activate the risk acquisition module: Before initiating bottom drainage: monitor the current water level data of the reservoir; assess the recent operational status of the valves in the bottom drainage system.

[0167] Activate the risk assessment module: Based on the current water level data of the reservoir and the recent operation status of the valves in the bottom drainage system, determine whether bottom drainage can be activated.

[0168] Sediment Entropy Analysis Module: After bottom drainage is initiated, entropy analysis is performed on the amount and distribution of sediments in the reservoir to assess the potential risks of sediment discharge during bottom drainage.

[0169] Water level trend assessment module: Analyzes the current water level data of the reservoir to assess the trend of water level changes and evaluate the stability of the water level change trend.

[0170] Downstream flow analysis module: Monitors the downstream flow of the reservoir and assesses the degree of continuous risk of bottom drainage.

[0171] Bottom drainage safety early warning module: By comprehensively analyzing the degree of hidden dangers in the sediment discharge process, the stability of water level change trends, and the degree of continuous risk of bottom drainage, the module provides early warning of safety risks of bottom drainage and controls the bottom drainage system.

[0172] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters and thresholds in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0173] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more sets of available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium. A semiconductor medium can be a solid-state drive.

[0174] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0175] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and modules described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0176] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or modules may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0177] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0178] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0179] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0180] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0181] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent control of drainage in building engineering, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Before initiating bottom drainage: Monitor the current water level data of the reservoir; assess the recent operational status of the valves in the bottom drainage system; S2: Based on the current water level data of the reservoir and the recent operation status of the valves in the bottom drainage system, determine whether bottom drainage can be started; S3: After bottom drainage is initiated, entropy analysis is performed on the amount and distribution of sediments in the reservoir to assess the potential risks of sediment discharge during bottom drainage. S4: Analyze the current water level data of the reservoir to assess the trend of water level changes and evaluate the stability of the water level change trend; S5: Monitor the downstream water flow of the reservoir and assess the degree of continued risk of bottom drainage. S6: By comprehensively analyzing the potential hazards of sediment discharge during bottom drainage, the stability of water level change trends, and the degree of continuous risk of bottom drainage, early warning of safety risks of bottom drainage is provided, and bottom drainage systems are controlled.

2. The intelligent control method for drainage in building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the current water level data of the reservoir is monitored, specifically: the current water level of the reservoir is continuously monitored; Assess the recent operational status of the valves in the bottom drainage system, specifically: Get the multiple execution actions corresponding to the valves of the bottom drainage system that are closest to the real time, get the completion time length of each execution action, and get the expected completion time length of each execution action. Actions whose completion time exceeds the expected completion time are marked as risky actions. The degree to which the completion time of these risky actions exceeds the expected completion time is analyzed, and the health risk index of the drain valve is calculated. The expression for this index is: Among them, PF JX The health risk index for the drain valve is defined as follows: n is the number of risky actions among the actions acquired closest to real-time; N is the number of actions acquired closest to real-time; and i is the number corresponding to the risky action, i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n, where i is a natural number. i Let yqt be the completion time length corresponding to the i-th risk execution action. i Let be the expected completion time length corresponding to the i-th risk execution action.

3. The intelligent control method for building drainage according to claim 2, characterized in that, In S2, specifically: Obtain the upper and lower limits of the safe water level of the reservoir; Set a health risk threshold for the drain valve; compare the health risk index of the drain valve with the health risk threshold of the drain valve: When the health risk index of the drain valve is greater than the health risk threshold of the drain valve, it is determined that there is a high risk in the valve operation of the bottom drainage system; when the health risk index of the drain valve is less than or equal to the health risk threshold of the drain valve, it is determined that the valve operation of the bottom drainage system is normal. Bottom drainage can be initiated when the valves of the bottom drainage system operate normally and the current water level of the reservoir is higher than the lower limit of the safe water level; otherwise, bottom drainage cannot be initiated.

4. The intelligent control method for building drainage according to claim 3, characterized in that, In S3, specifically: Collect data on sediment load and distribution in the reservoir, including sediment concentration, water flow velocity and direction, and sediment particle size. Preprocessing of the collected data on sediment load and distribution in the reservoir; The spatial distribution entropy of sediments in the reservoir is analyzed as follows: H(S) = -∑p(s)logp(s); where H(S) is the spatial distribution entropy of sediments in the reservoir, and p(s) is the probability of sediment distribution measured in a specific spatial region s. The bottom region of the reservoir is selected as the specific spatial region s. Calculate the joint entropy of sediment concentration and grain size: Where H(X,Y) is the joint entropy of sediment concentration and grain size, and p(x,y) is the probability that sediment concentration x and sediment concentration and grain size y occur simultaneously. The dimensions of H(S) and H(X,Y) are made dimensionless, and the dimensionless H(S) and H(X,Y) are then weighted and summed to calculate the bottom entropy evaluation index.

5. The intelligent control method for building drainage according to claim 4, characterized in that, In S4, specifically: Set an emission speed monitoring range, which is a real-time monitoring range; Multiple time points are evenly set within the emission velocity monitoring range to obtain the water flow emission velocity at the bottom drainage outlet corresponding to each time point, and to obtain the preset emission velocity of the bottom drainage system corresponding to each time point. The deviation between the water discharge velocity at the bottom drainage outlet and the preset discharge velocity of the bottom drainage system at the corresponding time points within the discharge velocity monitoring interval is analyzed, and the bottom discharge velocity risk index is calculated. Its expression is: Among them, DF FZ Here, k represents the number of time points within the emission speed monitoring interval, w represents the time point number within the emission speed monitoring interval, w = 1, 2, 3, ..., k, where w is a positive integer, dvw represents the water flow emission speed at the bottom drainage outlet corresponding to the w-th time point, and ydvw represents the preset emission speed of the bottom drainage system corresponding to the w-th time point.

6. The intelligent control method for building drainage according to claim 5, characterized in that, In S5, specifically: The downstream area of ​​the reservoir is delineated, which includes the area near the reservoir and the area far from the reservoir. Set water level thresholds for the area near the reservoir; monitor water levels in the area near the reservoir in real time; When the water level in the area near the reservoir is greater than or equal to the water level threshold in the area near the reservoir, a drainage hazard signal is generated. When the water level in the near reservoir area is lower than the water level threshold for the near reservoir area, a water level analysis signal for the distant reservoir area is generated. Based on the generated water level analysis signal for the distant reservoir area, the corresponding water level safety ratio for the distant reservoir area is calculated. Establish a safe water level range for the remote reservoir area; The water level safety ratio corresponding to the remote reservoir area is the ratio of the length of time the water level in the remote reservoir area is within the safe water level range of the remote reservoir area to the total monitoring time.

7. The intelligent control method for building drainage according to claim 6, characterized in that, In S6, specifically: The bottom discharge entropy evaluation index, bottom discharge velocity risk index, and water level safety ratio corresponding to the distant reservoir area are normalized. After assigning preset proportional coefficients to the normalized bottom discharge entropy evaluation index, bottom discharge velocity risk index, and water level safety ratio corresponding to the distant reservoir area, the bottom discharge risk warning coefficient is calculated. The bottom discharge risk warning coefficient is used to warn of the safety risk of bottom discharge. Set a bottom-line risk warning threshold; Compare the bottom-line risk warning coefficient with the bottom-line risk warning threshold: When the bottom drainage risk warning coefficient is greater than the bottom drainage risk warning threshold, a bottom drainage risk warning signal is generated. The control strategies at this time include immediate notification, suspension of drainage operations, data verification and analysis, and taking emergency measures. When the bottom discharge risk warning coefficient is less than or equal to the bottom discharge risk warning threshold, it is determined that a normal bottom discharge risk signal has been generated, and no measures need to be taken.

8. A building drainage intelligent control system, used to implement the building drainage intelligent control method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It includes a risk acquisition module, a risk assessment module, a sedimentation entropy analysis module, a water level trend assessment module, a downstream flow analysis module, and a bottom discharge safety early warning module; Activate the risk acquisition module: Before initiating bottom drainage: monitor the current water level data of the reservoir; assess the recent operational status of the valves in the bottom drainage system; Activate the risk assessment module: Based on the current water level data of the reservoir and the recent operation status of the valves in the bottom drainage system, determine whether bottom drainage can be activated; Sediment Entropy Analysis Module: After bottom drainage is initiated, entropy analysis is performed on the amount and distribution of sediments in the reservoir to assess the potential risks of sediment discharge during bottom drainage. Water level trend assessment module: Analyzes the current water level data of the reservoir to assess the trend of water level changes and evaluate the stability of the water level change trend; Downstream flow analysis module: Monitors the downstream flow of the reservoir and assesses the degree of continuous risk of bottom drainage. Bottom drainage safety early warning module: By comprehensively analyzing the degree of hidden dangers in the sediment discharge process, the stability of water level change trends, and the degree of continuous risk of bottom drainage, the module provides early warning of safety risks of bottom drainage and controls the bottom drainage system.

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