A multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink different medium coupling evaluation method and system

Abstract

The present application relates to karst ecological carbon sink assessment and ecological environment metering technical field, specifically to a kind of multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink different medium coupling assessment method and system, including the following steps: obtain karst watershed basic information, divide multi-scale assessment unit, obtain medium observation data in multi-scale assessment unit, environmental observation data, according to collection time, spatial position data and medium category form assessment basic data, the integrity check of assessment basic data, when caliber satisfies, calculate medium carbon sink component and medium migration quantity, when caliber does not satisfy, after calling alternative observation data, calculate, according to medium carbon sink component, medium migration quantity and environmental observation data determine coupling relationship, output carbon sink assessment result.The present application is divided by space and caliber check, so that different medium data participate in calculation according to uniform spatial level, so that the assessment result corresponds to medium migration and correlation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of karst ecological carbon sink assessment and ecological environment measurement technology, and in particular to a multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink carbon sink coupled assessment method and system. Background Technology

[0002] The field of karst ecological carbon sequestration assessment and ecological environment metrology focuses on carbon pool observation and carbon flux measurement of soil, vegetation, water bodies, and rock media in karst watersheds. It combines sampling and detection, remote sensing interpretation, meteorological observation, and hydrological records to form a continuous processing relationship of collection, transmission, verification, storage, retrieval, and statistics, executed collaboratively by field monitoring equipment, detection instruments, remote sensing systems, terminals, and servers. Among these, the traditional multi-scale karst watershed carbon sequestration coupled assessment method and system refers to the calculation method and hardware / software system for measuring carbon sequestration information of different media within a range from point locations and slopes to the watershed. Based on data such as carbon concentration, runoff, soil organic carbon, vegetation biomass, lithological data, precipitation records, and spatial coordinates, the data is processed, matched, converted, hierarchically summarized, and stored in the terminal or server according to monitoring time, spatial location, media type, and sampling batch.

[0003] Traditional carbon sink assessment processes in karst watersheds often organize observation data according to a single medium or a single spatial level. There is a lack of correspondence between water carbon data, soil carbon data, vegetation carbon sequestration data and rock weathering data at the same time, location and medium. The data aggregation relationship between point, slope and watershed scale is unclear, and there is a lack of verification basis between cross-scale results. As a result, it is difficult to keep the calculation scope of carbon sink components, medium migration and coupling relationship consistent, and the assessment results have biases in the expression of carbon sink changes in karst watersheds. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for the coupled assessment of carbon sinks in different media at multiple scales in karst watersheds. This method enables the establishment of corresponding relationships between carbon sink data of different media in karst watersheds according to spatial hierarchy, acquisition time, spatial location data and media type. Based on data caliber verification, substitution observation data retrieval, calculation of media carbon sink components, calculation of media migration, and determination of coupling relationships, a carbon sink assessment result matching the multi-scale assessment unit of the karst watershed is formed.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution, providing a multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink coupled assessment method, comprising the following steps: obtaining basic data of the karst watershed, including topographic data, hydrological data, ecological type data, and spatial scale data; dividing the watershed into multi-scale assessment units according to hydrological confluence boundaries, topographic division boundaries, and ecological type boundaries; determining monitoring points within the multi-scale assessment units for obtaining media observation data and environmental observation data, and obtaining media observation data and environmental observation data based on the monitoring points; the media observation data including vegetation carbon sequestration data, soil carbon data, water carbon data, and rock weathering carbon data; and the environmental observation data including precipitation data, runoff data, temperature data, and spatial location data. The data is set up; the media observation data and the environmental observation data are matched according to the acquisition time, the spatial location data, and the media category to obtain the assessment basis data; the integrity of the assessment basis data is checked; when the assessment basis data meets the data caliber of consistent acquisition time, consistent spatial location, and consistent media category, the media carbon sink component and media migration amount are calculated; when the assessment basis data does not meet the data caliber, alternative observation data from adjacent spatial locations or adjacent acquisition times are called and the media carbon sink component and media migration amount are calculated; the coupling relationship between different media is determined according to the media carbon sink component, media migration amount, and environmental observation data, and the carbon sink assessment results are output according to the multi-scale assessment unit.

[0006] Furthermore, when dividing the multi-scale assessment units, coordinate unification and boundary extraction are performed on the basic data of the karst watershed. Slope dividing lines are determined based on the topographic data, confluence boundary dividing lines are determined based on the hydrological data, and ecological type boundaries are determined based on the ecological type data. When the slope dividing lines, confluence boundaries, and ecological type boundaries intersect to form a closed area, the closed area is determined as the multi-scale assessment unit. When the slope dividing lines, confluence boundaries, and ecological type boundaries do not form a closed area, the multi-scale assessment units are determined in the following order: priority is given to the confluence boundaries, followed by the slope dividing lines, and then the ecological type boundaries are used as supplementary criteria.

[0007] Furthermore, the multi-scale assessment units are subjected to hierarchical classification processing. The smallest closed area where the monitoring point is located is determined as the point assessment unit. Adjacent point assessment units within the same confluence boundary are merged into a slope assessment unit. Slope assessment units within the same watershed outlet control area are merged into a watershed assessment unit. When a point assessment unit crosses more than two ecological type boundaries, the ecological classification of the point assessment unit is determined according to the ecological type with the highest area proportion.

[0008] Furthermore, the process of obtaining the medium observation data and the environmental observation data includes: acquiring the vegetation carbon sequestration data, soil carbon data, water carbon data, and rock weathering carbon data within the multi-scale assessment unit to determine the medium observation data; acquiring the precipitation data, runoff data, temperature data, and spatial location data within the multi-scale assessment unit to determine the environmental observation data; and writing the medium observation data and environmental observation data into the same data record of the multi-scale assessment unit according to the spatial location data.

[0009] Further, the process of obtaining the basic evaluation data includes: acquiring the data records within the same multi-scale evaluation unit, determining the acquisition time, spatial location, and medium category in the data records; when the medium observation data and the environmental observation data have the same acquisition time, spatial location, and medium category, writing the medium observation data and the environmental observation data into the same evaluation data entry; when either the medium observation data or the environmental observation data lacks a corresponding item, marking the data lacking a corresponding item as data to be verified; and summarizing the evaluation data entries and the data to be verified to obtain the basic evaluation data.

[0010] Furthermore, the process of verifying the integrity of the assessment base data includes: dividing the assessment base data into multiple assessment data entries according to the collection time, spatial location, and media category; obtaining any assessment data entry and determining the collection time, spatial location, and media category corresponding to the assessment data entry; determining mandatory data items based on the collection time, spatial location, and media category; when the assessment data entry includes the mandatory data items, determining the assessment data entry as data that meets the data criteria; when the assessment data entry lacks any of the mandatory data items, determining the assessment data entry as data that does not meet the data criteria.

[0011] Further, the process of calculating the carbon sink component and the migration amount of the medium after calling the alternative observation data includes: determining the evaluation period based on the spatial scale data corresponding to the multi-scale evaluation unit and the acquisition time, wherein the evaluation period is used to limit the time correspondence range between the candidate alternative data and the evaluation data entries; obtaining the evaluation data entries that do not meet the data caliber, and determining the missing mandatory data items of the evaluation data entries; searching for candidate alternative data corresponding to the mandatory data items in adjacent acquisition times or adjacent spatial locations according to the acquisition time, the spatial location, and the medium category; when the candidate alternative data and the evaluation data entries belong to the same medium category, and the acquisition time of the candidate alternative data is within the same evaluation period, the candidate alternative data is determined as the alternative observation data; after supplementing the evaluation data entries with the alternative observation data, the carbon sink component and the migration amount of the medium are calculated.

[0012] Further, the process of determining the coupling relationship between different media includes: acquiring the carbon sink component, migration amount, and environmental observation data of the media within the same multi-scale assessment unit; forming a media contribution sequence and a media migration sequence according to the media category; aligning the media contribution sequence and the media migration sequence of any two media types within the same assessment period according to the acquisition time (annual scale average is one year cycle) to determine the change direction and migration direction between the two media types; when the change direction is consistent and the migration direction is consistent with the preset migration direction, the association between the two media types is determined as a cooperative coupling relationship; when the change direction is opposite or the migration direction is inconsistent with the preset migration direction, the association between the two media types is determined as a restrictive coupling relationship; summarizing the cooperative coupling relationship and the restrictive coupling relationship, the coupling relationship between different media is obtained.

[0013] Furthermore, the process of outputting the carbon sink assessment results includes: obtaining the medium carbon sink component, medium migration amount, synergistic coupling relationship, and constraint coupling relationship corresponding to the multi-scale assessment unit; generating scale assessment results according to the hierarchical order of point assessment unit, slope assessment unit, and watershed assessment unit; summarizing the scale assessment results of each multi-scale assessment unit within the same level according to the medium category to form a medium summary result; when the medium summary result is consistent with the medium change direction corresponding to the coupling relationship (the medium change direction is the migration and convergence of the boundary to the catchment lowland of the watershed), the medium summary result is written into the carbon sink assessment results; when the medium summary result is inconsistent with the medium change direction corresponding to the coupling relationship, the medium summary result is retained and marked as a result to be verified (because the boundary conditions need to be verified, there are some groundwater channels and other factors that affect the data, so it is necessary to eliminate interference factors, verify the coupling relationship and then conduct quantitative assessment to ensure the scientific nature and accuracy of the data).

[0014] This invention also provides a multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink coupling assessment system for different media. The assessment system supports the aforementioned method and includes a data access terminal, a spatial partitioning processor, a data verification processor, a coupling calculation processor, a memory, and a result output terminal. The data access terminal receives basic karst watershed data, media observation data, and environmental observation data, and writes these data into the memory. The spatial partitioning processor divides the data into multi-scale assessment units based on hydrological confluence boundaries, topographic boundaries, and ecological type boundaries in the basic karst watershed data. The data verification processor matches the media observation data and environmental observation data according to acquisition time, spatial location, and media type to form a data caliber, and calls alternative observation data when the data caliber is inconsistent. The coupling calculation processor calculates the media carbon sink component, media migration, and coupling relationships between different media based on the multi-scale assessment units, the media observation data, the environmental observation data, and the alternative observation data. The result output terminal outputs carbon sink assessment results according to the multi-scale assessment units.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: In this invention, multi-scale assessment units are divided using basic data from karst watersheds, ensuring that calculation boundaries across points, slopes, and watersheds share a common spatial basis. By collecting media observation data and environmental observation data, and organizing the data according to collection time, spatial location, and media type, the input scope for carbon sink calculations across different media remains consistent. Through integrity verification and the retrieval of alternative observation data, traceable media carbon sink components and media migration amounts are generated even when data is missing or inconsistent. The coupling relationship between media carbon sink components, media migration amounts, and environmental observation data is determined, enabling the carbon sink assessment results to reflect media correlations at different scales. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink carbon sink coupled evaluation method of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the multi-scale evaluation unit division effect of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the correspondence between the medium observation data and the environmental observation data of this invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of data caliber verification and alternative observation data retrieval in this invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the coupling relationship between different media and the scale evaluation results of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution described in this invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Subsequent embodiments are based on a multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink coupled assessment method using different media. The basic data of the karst watershed includes topographic data, hydrological data, ecological type data, and spatial scale data; the media observation data includes vegetation carbon sequestration data, soil carbon data, water body carbon data, and rock weathering carbon data; the environmental observation data includes precipitation data, runoff data, temperature data, and spatial location data; the multi-scale assessment unit includes point assessment units, slope assessment units, and watershed assessment units. The process numbers used in the accompanying drawings are only for distinguishing the processing sequence during implementation.

[0023] Please see Figures 1 to 5This embodiment provides a multi-scale carbon sink assessment method coupled with different media in karst watersheds. It establishes a continuous processing flow around the correspondence, verification, calculation, and output of carbon sink data from different spatial levels and media within the karst watershed, ensuring that the karst watershed carbon sink assessment results have clear data sources, calculation boundaries, and scale attribution. The method includes the following steps: S1. Basic data on the karst watershed was obtained, and multi-scale assessment units were divided based on this data. The basic data for the karst watershed was acquired from a pre-established geographic database, remote sensing interpretation results, hydrological station records, field survey records, and ecological type map data. Content identification and usage classification were performed on the data obtained from the pre-established geographic database, remote sensing interpretation results, hydrological station records, field survey records, and ecological type map data to obtain topographic and geomorphological data, hydrological data, ecological type data, and spatial scale data. Topographic and geomorphological data were used to determine slope boundaries and geomorphic boundaries such as depressions, peak clusters, and valleys; hydrological data were used to determine confluence boundaries, watershed outlets, and runoff connectivity; ecological type data were used to determine the boundaries of ecological types such as forest, shrubland, grassland, cultivated land, water bodies, and bare rock; and spatial scale data were used to determine the hierarchical classification between monitoring points, slope areas, and the entire watershed. After the above data are incorporated into the same coordinate datum, they are first spatially overlaid, and then the initial assessment boundary is determined based on the hydrological confluence direction and topographical division relationship. Subsequently, the initial assessment boundary is merged or split in combination with the ecological type boundary to form a multi-scale assessment unit.

[0024] S111: After obtaining the basic data for the karst watershed, coordinate unification and boundary extraction were performed on the basic data. Coordinate unification used the same projected coordinate datum as the data endpoint, and topographic, hydrological, ecological type, and spatial scale data were incorporated into the same spatial overlay after coordinate unification. Boundary extraction involved determining slope division lines based on topographic data, using changes in slope aspect, abrupt changes in slope gradient, and landform edges as boundary criteria; determining runoff boundaries based on hydrological data, using surface runoff direction, underground river outcrops, springs, and the control range of the watershed outlet as boundary criteria; and determining ecological type boundaries based on ecological type data, using changes in map patch type as boundary criteria. Slope division lines, runoff boundaries, and ecological type boundaries were all written into a boundary buffer zone, which served as the data source for dividing multi-scale assessment units.

[0025] S112. When the slope dividing line, confluence boundary, and ecological type boundary intersect to form a closed area, the closed area is designated as a multi-scale assessment unit. The criteria for determining a closed area are: the boundary must be connected end-to-end, the boundary must have a unique spatial extent, and the boundary must not overlap with other closed areas of the same level. After a closed area is formed, the boundary source, spatial area, flow direction attribution, and ecological type attribution are recorded. If monitoring points exist within the closed area, their coordinates are written into the corresponding data record, ensuring that subsequent media observation data and environmental observation data can be included in the same assessment object based on the closed area.

[0026] S113. When slope dividers, runoff boundaries, and ecosystem type boundaries do not form closed regions, multi-scale assessment units are determined in the following order: priority is given to runoff boundaries, followed by slope dividers, and then supplemented by ecosystem type boundaries. Runoff boundaries are prioritized to maintain runoff connectivity, slope dividers are used to maintain slope carbon migration pathways, and ecosystem type boundaries are used to maintain spatial differences between different ecological cover types. If boundary gaps still exist after prioritizing the unclosed regions, the nearest common-source boundary segments at both ends of the gaps are connected, and the connection result is marked as a boundary completion record. Boundary completion records are only used to form computable spatial units and do not replace the original boundary source.

[0027] S114. Hierarchical assignment of multi-scale assessment units is performed. The smallest closed area where a monitoring point is located is determined as the site assessment unit. Adjacent site assessment units within the same confluence boundary are merged into a slope assessment unit, and slope assessment units within the same watershed outlet control area are merged into a watershed assessment unit. When a site assessment unit contains more than two ecological types, the ecological assignment is determined based on the area proportion of each ecological type within the site assessment unit, with the ecological type having the highest area proportion being the ecological assignment of the site assessment unit. After hierarchical assignment is completed, a correspondence between superior and subordinate numbers is established between site assessment units, slope assessment units, and watershed assessment units. Subsequent calculation results can be summarized along the hierarchical relationship or traced back to the original monitoring point.

[0028] S2. Within the multi-scale assessment unit, monitoring points are identified for obtaining media observation data and environmental observation data, and these data are obtained based on these monitoring points. Media observation data is obtained from field monitoring, experimental test records, remote sensing inversion results, and station observation records. Vegetation carbon sequestration data is obtained from vegetation survey terminals, quadrat survey records, and remote sensing vegetation index inversion results, including at least vegetation type, coverage, collection time, and spatial location. Soil carbon data is obtained from soil sampling records, laboratory test records, and profile depth records, including at least soil sampling points, soil organic carbon records, collection time, and spatial location. Water carbon data is obtained from water quality analyzers, hydrological cross-section monitoring records, and runoff records, including at least water carbon concentration records, runoff, collection time, and spatial location. Rock weathering carbon data is obtained from lithological data, weathering zone survey records, and carbonate rock distribution data, including at least rock type, weathering state, spatial location, and corresponding survey time. Environmental observation data are obtained from meteorological stations, hydrological stations, remote sensing products, and field records, and include at least precipitation data, runoff data, temperature data, and spatial location data.

[0029] S211: Acquire vegetation carbon sequestration data, soil carbon data, water carbon data, and rock weathering carbon data within the multi-scale assessment unit, and determine the media observation data. When vegetation carbon sequestration data is incorporated into the media observation data, retain the vegetation type, coverage area, collection time, spatial location, and the multi-scale assessment unit to which it belongs; when soil carbon data is incorporated into the media observation data, retain the sampling depth, soil carbon record, collection time, spatial location, and the multi-scale assessment unit to which it belongs; when water carbon data is incorporated into the media observation data, retain the sampling section, water carbon record, runoff, collection time, spatial location, and the multi-scale assessment unit to which it belongs; when rock weathering carbon data is incorporated into the media observation data, retain the rock type, weathering state, survey time, spatial location, and the multi-scale assessment unit to which it belongs. Before data from different sources are incorporated into the media observation data, a data source identifier is written according to the collection time and spatial location.

[0030] S212: Acquire precipitation, runoff, temperature, and spatial location data within the multi-scale assessment unit and determine the environmental observation data. Precipitation data is entered into the environmental observation data according to meteorological station observation time and coordinates; runoff data is entered into the environmental observation data according to hydrological cross-section observation time and coordinates; temperature data is entered into the environmental observation data according to meteorological station observation time or remote sensing inversion time; spatial location data is used to assign precipitation, runoff, and temperature data to the corresponding multi-scale assessment units. When environmental observation data is entered into the data record, the data source, acquisition time, spatial location, and the multi-scale assessment unit to which it belongs are retained to facilitate subsequent correlation with the medium observation data.

[0031] S213. Based on spatial location data, medium observation data and environmental observation data are written into the data record of the same multi-scale assessment unit. The data record uses the multi-scale assessment unit number as the primary index and the acquisition time, spatial location data, and medium category as retrieval fields. After medium observation data is written into the data record, a medium field group is formed; after environmental observation data is written into the data record, an environmental field group is formed. Both the medium field group and the environmental field group retain source and time identifiers. The source identifier is used to trace the original acquisition path, and the time identifier is used to determine whether data within the same assessment period meet the corresponding relationship.

[0032] S3. The media observation data and environmental observation data are mapped according to collection time, spatial location, and media category to obtain the basic assessment data. The mapping process uses data records within the same multi-scale assessment unit as the processing object. First, it determines whether the data record has a collection time; then, it determines whether the data record has a spatial location; and finally, it determines whether the data record has a media category. Collection time is used to determine whether data from different sources are within the same assessment period; spatial location is used to determine whether data from different sources belong to the same multi-scale assessment unit; and media category is used to determine the carbon sink object corresponding to the media observation data. Through the above mapping process, the media observation data and environmental observation data are organized into the same basic assessment data.

[0033] S311. Acquire data records within the same multi-scale assessment unit and determine the acquisition time, spatial location, and medium category in the data records. Acquisition time is derived from the time stamp in the original acquisition record or station observation record; spatial location is derived from on-site positioning coordinates, remote sensing pixel locations, station coordinates, or hydrological cross-section coordinates; medium category is classified into four types: vegetation, soil, water, and weathered rock. Data records lacking acquisition time are marked as records requiring time verification; data records lacking spatial location are marked as records requiring spatial verification; data records lacking medium category are marked as records requiring category verification. These markings proceed to the subsequent integrity verification stage.

[0034] S312: When the medium observation data and environmental observation data have corresponding acquisition time and spatial location, the medium observation data and environmental observation data are written into the same assessment data entry. Same acquisition time means the medium observation data and environmental observation data are within the same assessment period; same spatial location means the medium observation data and environmental observation data fall into the same multi-scale assessment unit; the medium category is determined by the medium observation data. The environmental observation data does not have a medium category field; instead, based on the medium category of the medium observation data, the corresponding environmental observation data required for carbon sink calculation is called as environmental input. After the assessment data entry is formed, the medium field group, environmental field group, and corresponding relationship field are retained. Subsequent integrity checks directly read the assessment data entry.

[0035] S313: When either the medium observation data or the environmental observation data lacks a corresponding item, the data lacking the corresponding item is marked as data to be verified. Data to be verified is categorized according to whether it lacks acquisition time, spatial location, or medium category. The lack of a medium category is used to mark cases where medium observation data lacks a medium classification attribute, but not for environmental observation data. Data to be verified retains its original source identifier and existing fields to avoid losing its source during subsequent retrieval of alternative observation data. Data to be verified is not directly included in the calculation of medium carbon sink components and medium migration; it must undergo integrity verification and alternative observation data processing before its inclusion in the calculation is determined.

[0036] S314, summarize the assessment data entries and the data to be verified to obtain the assessment base data. The assessment base data includes the corresponding completed assessment data entries and the data to be verified. The assessment base data uses multi-scale assessment units as the main index and establishes hierarchical indexes according to point assessment units, slope assessment units, and watershed assessment units. After the assessment base data is generated, the data that can be directly calculated and the data that need to be corrected are output to the integrity verification stage, so that subsequent processing can distinguish between the normal calculation path and the alternative observation data call path.

[0037] S4 performs integrity verification on the basic assessment data and executes corresponding processing depending on whether the data caliber meets or not. Integrity verification targets the assessment data entries, determining mandatory data items based on acquisition time, spatial location, and media category. Mandatory data items include the media category field, acquisition time field, spatial location field, media carbon record field, and environmental input field. When an assessment data entry includes mandatory data items, the calculation of media carbon sink component and media migration amount proceeds; if any mandatory data item is missing, the search for alternative observation data begins. The search for alternative observation data is based on adjacent acquisition times or adjacent spatial locations, while maintaining consistency in media category.

[0038] S411: Divide the basic assessment data into multiple assessment data entries according to collection time, spatial location, and media category. Obtain any assessment data entry and determine the corresponding collection time, spatial location data, and media category. The collection time in the assessment data entry is used to determine the assessment period, the spatial location is used to determine the multi-scale assessment unit to which it belongs, and the media category is used to determine the calculation object. After determining the above three types of fields, retrieve the corresponding required data items according to the media category. Vegetation category corresponds to vegetation carbon sequestration data and environmental input fields; water body category corresponds to water body carbon data and environmental input fields, where the environmental input fields include runoff data; rock weathering category corresponds to rock weathering carbon data and environmental input fields.

[0039] S412, when the assessment data entry includes mandatory data items, the assessment data entry is determined to be data that meets the data caliber. Data that meets the data caliber enters the calculation buffer, retaining the collection time, spatial location, media category, source identifier, and multi-scale assessment unit number. The calculation buffer establishes a media calculation queue according to the media category. The media calculation queue is used to calculate the media carbon sink component and media migration. The media carbon sink component is determined by the corresponding media carbon record and the spatial range of the multi-scale assessment unit to which it belongs. The media migration is determined by hydrological connectivity, runoff data, and migration records corresponding to the media category. The calculation results are written back to the assessment data entry, forming intermediate results that can be called upon in the coupling relationship determination stage.

[0040] S413, when an assessment data entry is missing any required data item, the assessment data entry is identified as data that does not meet the data caliber. Data that does not meet the data caliber is entered into the alternative retrieval cache, and retrieval conditions are established according to the type of missing field. Retrieval conditions include the missing required data item, original acquisition time, original spatial location, media category, and the multi-scale assessment unit to which it belongs. The alternative retrieval cache does not change the source identifier of the original assessment data entry; it only provides a retrieval entry point for subsequent supplementation of alternative observation data. If an assessment data entry is also missing other required data items such as the environmental input field or the media carbon record field, the media category, spatial location, and acquisition time inherent in the assessment data entry are used as the retrieval benchmark for correlation and completion, avoiding the writing of alternative observation data across assessment calibers.

[0041] S414, calculate the medium carbon sink component and medium migration amount after calling the alternative observation data. The search target for alternative observation data is the assessment data entry that does not meet the data caliber, and the search scope is adjacent acquisition time or adjacent spatial location. Candidate alternative data must correspond to the same medium category as the assessment data entry; when searching by adjacent spatial location, the acquisition time of the candidate alternative data must be within the same assessment period; when searching by adjacent acquisition time, the candidate alternative data must be within adjacent assessment periods. When the candidate alternative data meets the above conditions, it is determined as alternative observation data; when the candidate alternative data does not meet the above conditions, the original assessment data entry is retained and marked as data to be reviewed. After the alternative observation data is added to the assessment data entry, the mandatory data items are checked again; if the check passes, the medium carbon sink component and medium migration amount are calculated; if the check fails, no calculation is performed and the data is marked as data to be reviewed.

[0042] S5 determines the coupling relationships between different media based on the carbon sink component, media migration, and environmental observation data, and outputs the carbon sink assessment results according to the multi-scale assessment unit. When determining the coupling relationship, first, the carbon sink component, media migration, and environmental observation data are read within the same multi-scale assessment unit, and then a media contribution sequence and a media migration sequence are formed according to media category. The media contribution sequence is used to represent the direction of change of carbon sink components in different media within the same assessment period, and the media migration sequence is used to represent the migration direction between different media within the same assessment period. The direction of change and the migration direction are used together to determine the cooperative coupling relationship or the restrictive coupling relationship.

[0043] S511: Acquire media carbon sink components, media migration, and environmental observation data within the same multi-scale assessment unit, forming media contribution sequences and media migration sequences according to media categories. The media contribution sequence uses vegetation, soil, water body, and rock weathering as category fields to record the direction of change of carbon sink components in each media within the same assessment period. The media migration sequence uses the migration direction between media as a field to record the migration relationships formed by hydrological connectivity and media migration within the same assessment period. Both the media contribution sequences and media migration sequences retain the acquisition time, spatial location, and multi-scale assessment unit number, enabling the coupling relationships at different scales to be aggregated upwards and traced downwards.

[0044] S512 Align the media contribution sequences and media migration sequences of any two media types within the same evaluation period according to the acquisition time to determine the direction of change and migration between the two media types. When aligning acquisition time, the same evaluation period is used as the time boundary; when aligning spatial location, the same multi-scale evaluation unit is used as the spatial boundary; when aligning media categories, the media contribution sequences and media migration sequences corresponding to the two media types are used as comparison objects. When the direction of change of the two media types within the same evaluation period is consistent, and the migration direction is consistent with the preset migration direction, the association between the two media types is determined to be a cooperative coupling relationship. When the direction of change of the two media types within the same evaluation period is opposite, or the migration direction is inconsistent with the preset migration direction, the association between the two media types is determined to be a restrictive coupling relationship.

[0045] S513 summarizes the cooperative and restrictive coupling relationships to obtain the coupling relationships between different media. These coupling relationships are stored separately for point assessment units, slope assessment units, and watershed assessment units. The coupling relationships corresponding to point assessment units express the corresponding states between different media within a single monitoring area; the coupling relationships corresponding to slope assessment units are formed by summarizing point assessment units within the same confluence boundary; and the coupling relationships corresponding to watershed assessment units are formed by summarizing slope assessment units within the same watershed outlet control area. During summarization, if the cooperative and restrictive coupling relationships between lower-level units have inconsistent directions, the original judgment results of the lower-level units are retained and recorded as relationships to be reviewed in the higher-level unit.

[0046] S514, when outputting carbon sink assessment results, acquires the medium carbon sink component, medium migration, cooperative coupling relationship, and restrictive coupling relationship corresponding to the multi-scale assessment unit, and generates scale assessment results according to the hierarchical order of point assessment unit, slope assessment unit, and watershed assessment unit. The scale assessment results include the medium carbon sink component, medium migration, and coupling relationship of each medium within the corresponding spatial level. The scale assessment results of each multi-scale assessment unit within the same level are summarized by medium category to form a medium summary result. When the medium summary result is consistent with the medium change direction corresponding to the coupling relationship, the medium summary result is written into the carbon sink assessment results; when the medium summary result is inconsistent with the medium change direction corresponding to the coupling relationship, the medium summary result is retained and marked as a result to be reviewed. After the carbon sink assessment results are output, the data source, collection time, spatial location, medium category, calculation path, and review mark are retained as the basis for subsequent review and updates. .

[0047] In a related implementation, the above method can be executed by an assessment system. The assessment system includes a data access terminal, a spatial partitioning processor, a data verification processor, a coupling calculation processor, a memory, and a result output terminal. The data access terminal receives basic data on the karst watershed, media observation data, and environmental observation data, and writes these data into the memory. The spatial partitioning processor divides the karst watershed into multi-scale assessment units based on the confluence boundaries, slope dividing lines, and ecological type boundaries in the basic data. The data verification processor matches the media observation data and environmental observation data according to the acquisition time, spatial location, and media category to form a data caliber, and calls alternative observation data when the data caliber is inconsistent. The coupling calculation processor calculates the media carbon sink component, media migration, and coupling relationships between different media based on the multi-scale assessment units, media observation data, environmental observation data, and alternative observation data. The result output terminal outputs the carbon sink assessment results according to the multi-scale assessment units. Each processing end of the evaluation system corresponds to the data flow direction in the above method. The data access end forms the input source, the spatial partitioning processor forms the spatial boundary, the data verification processor forms the caliber judgment, the coupled calculation processor forms the intermediate calculation result, and the result output end forms the final output.

[0048] Through the above implementation process, the basic data of the karst watershed is first transformed into multi-scale assessment units. Then, media observation data and environmental observation data are incorporated into the assessment base data according to collection time, spatial location, and media type. After integrity verification, the assessment base data forms media carbon sink components and media migration amounts. These components, along with environmental observation data, are then used to determine the coupling relationship. Finally, carbon sink assessment results are generated according to the multi-scale assessment units. In this processing chain, each type of input has a data source, each intermediate result has a generation basis, and each output result has a corresponding spatial level and media type. This ensures that the carbon sink assessment process for different media, different times, and different spatial levels within the karst watershed is kept within the same calculation scope.

[0049] The flowcharts, data fields, processing order, judgment conditions, and system carrying relationships described in this embodiment are used to illustrate the possible implementations of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention to the specific embodiments described above. Without departing from the technical solutions described in this invention, any equivalent substitutions, equivalent modifications, equivalent combinations, execution order adjustments, equivalent transformations of field names, equivalent inheritance of execution subjects, or equivalent changes in carrier forms that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection of this patent; however, equivalent changes must not replace, delete, or weaken the method features, data relationships, control relationships, timing relationships, and calculation methods necessary to achieve the technical effect.

Claims

1. A multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink coupled assessment method using different media, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Basic data on karst watersheds are obtained, including topographic and geomorphological data, hydrological data, ecological type data, and spatial scale data. Multi-scale assessment units are divided according to hydrological confluence boundaries, topographic division boundaries, and ecological type boundaries. Within the multi-scale assessment unit, monitoring points are determined for obtaining media observation data and environmental observation data, and media observation data and environmental observation data are obtained based on the monitoring points. The media observation data includes vegetation carbon sequestration data, soil carbon data, water carbon data and rock weathering carbon data, and the environmental observation data includes precipitation data, runoff data, temperature data and spatial location data. The media observation data and the environmental observation data are correlated according to the collection time, the spatial location data, and the media type to obtain the basic evaluation data; The integrity of the assessment base data is verified. When the assessment base data meets the data caliber of consistent acquisition time, consistent spatial location, and consistent media type, the media carbon sink component and media migration amount are calculated. When the assessment base data does not meet the data caliber, the media carbon sink component and media migration amount are calculated after calling alternative observation data from adjacent spatial locations or adjacent acquisition times. The coupling relationship between different media is determined based on the carbon sink component of the medium, the migration amount of the medium, and the environmental observation data, and the carbon sink assessment results are output according to the multi-scale assessment unit.

2. The multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink coupled assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Coordinate unification and boundary extraction are performed on the basic data of the karst watershed. Slope dividing lines are determined based on the topographic data, confluence boundaries are determined based on the hydrological data, and ecological type boundaries are determined based on the ecological type data. When the slope dividing line, the confluence boundary, and the ecological type boundary intersect to form a closed area, the closed area is defined as the multi-scale assessment unit; When the slope dividing line, the runoff boundary, and the ecological type boundary do not form a closed area, the multi-scale assessment unit is determined in the following order: priority is given to the runoff boundary, followed by the slope dividing line, and then supplemented by the ecological type boundary.

3. The multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink coupled assessment method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-scale assessment units are hierarchically assigned, and the smallest closed area where the monitoring point is located is determined as the point assessment unit. Adjacent point assessment units within the same confluence boundary are merged into a slope assessment unit, and slope assessment units within the same watershed outlet control area are merged into a watershed assessment unit. When the site assessment unit crosses the boundaries of two or more of the ecological types, the ecological affiliation of the site assessment unit shall be determined according to the ecological type with the highest area proportion.

4. The multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink coupled assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of obtaining the medium observation data and the environmental observation data includes: Acquire the vegetation carbon sequestration data, soil carbon data, water carbon data, and rock weathering carbon data within the multi-scale assessment unit to determine the medium observation data; Acquire the precipitation data, runoff data, temperature data, and spatial location data within the multi-scale assessment unit to determine the environmental observation data; The medium observation data and the environmental observation data are written into the data record of the same multi-scale evaluation unit according to the spatial location data.

5. The multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink coupled assessment method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The process of obtaining the aforementioned assessment baseline data includes: Acquire the data records within the same multi-scale evaluation unit, and determine the acquisition time, spatial location, and medium type in the data records; When the medium observation data and the environmental observation data have the same acquisition time, spatial location, and medium category, the medium observation data and the environmental observation data are written into the same evaluation data entry; When either the medium observation data or the environmental observation data is missing a corresponding item, the data with the missing corresponding item will be marked as data to be verified. The evaluation data entries and the data to be verified are combined to obtain the evaluation base data.

6. The multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink coupled assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of verifying the integrity of the assessment data includes: The basic evaluation data is divided into multiple evaluation data entries according to the collection time, spatial location, and media type. Any one of the evaluation data entries is obtained, and the collection time, spatial location, and media type corresponding to the evaluation data entry are determined. The required data items are determined based on the acquisition time, the spatial location, and the media type. When the evaluation data entry includes the required data item, the evaluation data entry is determined to be data that meets the data criteria; When any of the required data items is missing from the evaluation data entry, the evaluation data entry is determined to be data that does not meet the data criteria.

7. The multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink coupled assessment method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The process of calculating the medium carbon sink component and the medium migration amount after calling the alternative observation data includes: The evaluation period is determined based on the spatial scale data corresponding to the multi-scale evaluation unit and the acquisition time. The evaluation period is used to limit the time correspondence range between the candidate alternative data and the evaluation data entries. Obtain the evaluation data entries that do not meet the data caliber, and determine the required data items that are missing from the evaluation data entries; Based on the acquisition time, spatial location, and media type, retrieve candidate alternative data corresponding to the required data item within adjacent acquisition times or adjacent spatial locations; When the candidate alternative data and the evaluation data entry belong to the same medium category, and the acquisition time of the candidate alternative data is within the same evaluation period, the candidate alternative data is determined as the alternative observation data; After supplementing the evaluation data entries with the alternative observation data, the carbon sink component and the migration amount of the medium are calculated.

8. The multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink coupled assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of determining the coupling relationship between different media includes: Acquire the carbon sink component of the medium, the migration amount of the medium, and the environmental observation data within the same multi-scale assessment unit, and form a medium contribution sequence and a medium migration sequence according to the medium category; Align the media contribution sequence and media migration sequence of any two types of media within the same evaluation period according to the acquisition time to determine the change direction and migration direction between the two types of media; When the change direction is consistent and the migration direction is consistent with the preset migration direction, the association between the two types of media is determined to be a cooperative coupling relationship; When the change direction is opposite or the migration direction is inconsistent with the preset migration direction, the association between the two types of media is determined to be a constraint coupling relationship; By summarizing the cooperative coupling relationship and the restrictive coupling relationship, the coupling relationship between different media is obtained.

9. The multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink coupled assessment method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The process of outputting the carbon sink assessment results includes: Obtain the medium carbon sink component, medium migration amount, cooperative coupling relationship and restrictive coupling relationship corresponding to the multi-scale assessment unit, and generate scale assessment results in the hierarchical order of point assessment unit, slope assessment unit and watershed assessment unit; The scale evaluation results of each multi-scale evaluation unit within the same level are summarized according to the media category to form a media summary result; When the media summary result is consistent with the media change direction corresponding to the coupling relationship, the media summary result is written into the carbon sink assessment result; When the media summary result is inconsistent with the media change direction corresponding to the coupling relationship, the media summary result is retained and marked as a result to be reviewed.

10. A multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink coupled assessment system for different media, used to support the multi-scale karst watershed carbon sink coupled assessment method for different media as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: It includes a data access terminal, a space partitioning processor, a data verification processor, a coupled computing processor, a memory, and a result output terminal; The data access terminal is used to receive basic data of karst basins, media observation data and environmental observation data, and write the basic data of karst basins, the media observation data and the environmental observation data into the memory; The spatial partitioning processor divides the multi-scale assessment units based on the hydrological confluence boundaries, topographic division boundaries, and ecological type boundaries in the basic data of the karst watershed. The data verification processor is used to match the medium observation data and the environmental observation data according to the acquisition time, spatial location data and medium type to form the data caliber, and to call the alternative observation data when the data caliber is inconsistent. The coupled computation processor is used to calculate the carbon sink component of the medium, the medium migration amount, and the coupling relationship between different media based on the multi-scale evaluation unit, the medium observation data, the environmental observation data, and the alternative observation data; The output terminal is used to output carbon sink assessment results according to the multi-scale assessment unit.

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