Method of constructing an optical device in a vehicle and vehicle

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of construction method of optical device in vehicle and vehicle, wherein the target optical device of vehicle includes silica substrate and nanometer brick unit arranged in silica substrate, and the method comprises: based on the one-dimensional edge enhancement function required to be possessed by the target optical device to be constructed, the phase distribution model of target optical device is determined, and the mapping model of target optical device to be constructed is acquired, wherein one-dimensional edge enhancement function is used to indicate that target optical device does not need other optical devices, to the edge of the target direction of at least one environmental object in the driving image of vehicle, one-dimensional edge enhancement operation is performed, and phase distribution model is used to indicate the phase information and amplitude information required to be met by target optical device to realize one-dimensional edge enhancement operation;Based on phase distribution model and mapping model, the target optical device is constructed.The present application solves the technical problems of large number, large volume and single function of optical device in vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of edge enhancement technology, and more specifically, to a method for constructing optical devices in a vehicle and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, edge enhancement techniques largely rely on digital circuit processing, resulting in high energy consumption and significant latency, making it difficult to meet the real-time perception requirements of autonomous driving. Although optical methods have introduced spiral phase to achieve one-dimensional edge enhancement, these all employ bulky, resolution-limited liquid crystal spatial light modulators and require a 4-focal-length (f) system, making integration difficult. While metasurfaces currently possess miniaturization potential, they still rely on optical systems for tuning, failing to achieve chip-level, passive, and compact one-dimensional directional tunable edge enhancement. Therefore, the technical challenges of numerous, large, and functionally limited optical components in vehicles persist.

[0003] There is currently no good solution to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method for constructing optical devices in a vehicle and a vehicle, so as to at least solve the technical problems of large number, large size and single function of optical devices in vehicles.

[0005] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a method for constructing an optical device in a vehicle is provided. The target optical device of the vehicle includes a silicon dioxide substrate and nano-brick units arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate. The method includes: determining a phase distribution model of the target optical device based on the required one-dimensional edge enhancement function of the target optical device to be constructed; and obtaining a mapping model of the target optical device to be constructed. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function is used to indicate that the target optical device can perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the edge of at least one environmental object in a driving image of the vehicle without the aid of other optical devices. The phase distribution model is used to represent the phase information and amplitude information required for the target optical device to achieve the one-dimensional edge enhancement operation. The mapping model is used to represent the correlation between the phase information, amplitude information, and the size and angle information of the nano-brick units to be arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate. The phase information is used to represent the phase modulation requirements required by the target optical device, the amplitude information is used to represent the transmission response requirements required by the target optical device, and the size and angle information are used to represent the geometric configuration of the nano-brick units that enables the target optical device to meet the phase modulation and transmission response requirements. The target optical device is constructed based on the phase distribution model and the mapping model.

[0006] Furthermore, the target direction includes the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function includes a one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the vertical direction and a one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the horizontal direction. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the vertical direction is used to perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the vertical edge of the environment object to obtain a vertical one-dimensional edge filter for the environment object. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the horizontal direction is used to perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the horizontal edge of the environment object to obtain a horizontal one-dimensional edge filter for the environment object.

[0007] Furthermore, based on the one-dimensional edge enhancement function required by the target optical device to be constructed, the phase distribution model of the target optical device is determined, including: responding to the one-dimensional edge enhancement function as a horizontal one-dimensional edge enhancement function, illuminating the target optical device with right-hand circularly polarized light, and obtaining the coordinate information of the nanobrick unit on the plane of the silicon dioxide substrate; based on the coordinate information and the equivalent focal length parameter of the spiral phase of the right-hand circularly polarized light, constructing the spiral phase principal term of the spiral phase, and determining the azimuth coordinates based on the coordinate information, wherein the equivalent focal length parameter is used to represent the curvature of the spiral phase, and the azimuth coordinates are used to represent the polar angle of the coordinate information relative to the horizontal axis; based on the azimuth coordinates, constructing the angular modulation term of the right-hand circularly polarized light, and determining the horizontal phase distribution model based on the spiral phase principal term and the angular modulation term of the right-hand circularly polarized light, wherein the horizontal phase distribution model is used to determine the horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering.

[0008] Furthermore, based on the one-dimensional edge enhancement function required by the target optical device to be constructed, the phase distribution model of the target optical device is determined, including: responding to the one-dimensional edge enhancement function as a vertical one-dimensional edge enhancement function, illuminating the target optical device with left-handed circularly polarized light, and obtaining the coordinate information of the nanobrick unit on the plane of the silicon dioxide substrate; based on the coordinate information and the equivalent focal length parameter of the spiral phase of the left-handed circularly polarized light, constructing the spiral phase principal term of the spiral phase, and determining the azimuth coordinates based on the coordinate information, wherein the equivalent focal length parameter is used to represent the curvature of the spiral phase, and the azimuth coordinates are used to represent the polar angle of the coordinate information relative to the horizontal axis; based on the azimuth coordinates and the azimuth coordinates after phase reversal, constructing the angular modulation term of the left-handed circularly polarized light, and determining the phase distribution model in the vertical direction based on the spiral phase principal term and the angular modulation term of the left-handed circularly polarized light, wherein the phase distribution model in the vertical direction is used to determine the vertical one-dimensional edge filtering.

[0009] Furthermore, the method also includes: in response to one-dimensional edge filtering being horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering, performing a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the horizontal edge of the environmental object using the target optical device to obtain an optically enhanced edge in the horizontal direction; in response to one-dimensional edge filtering being vertical one-dimensional edge filtering, performing a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the vertical edge of the environmental object using the optical device to obtain an optically enhanced edge in the vertical direction.

[0010] Furthermore, based on the phase distribution model and the mapping model, the target optical device is constructed, including: determining phase information based on the phase distribution model; determining size information and angle information based on the mapping model, phase information, and amplitude information; and constructing the target optical device based on the size information and angle information.

[0011] Furthermore, the target direction includes both vertical and horizontal directions. Based on the phase distribution model, phase information and amplitude information are determined, including: responding to a phase distribution model in the horizontal direction, determining the phase information and amplitude information required to achieve horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering based on the phase distribution model in the horizontal direction, wherein the phase distribution model in the horizontal direction is used to achieve horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering; responding to a phase distribution model in the vertical direction, determining the phase information and amplitude information required to achieve vertical one-dimensional edge filtering based on the phase distribution model in the vertical direction, wherein the phase distribution model in the vertical direction is used to achieve vertical one-dimensional edge filtering; and / or, obtaining the mapping model of the target optical device to be constructed, including: determining the mapping model based on the preset imaging band and polarization state of the target optical device.

[0012] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a method for determining a target optical device model is provided. The target optical device model includes a silicon dioxide substrate and periodically arranged nanobrick units. The method includes: determining a phase distribution model of the target optical device based on the one-dimensional edge enhancement function required by the target optical device to be constructed; and obtaining a mapping model of the target optical device to be constructed. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function is used to indicate that the target optical device can perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the edge of at least one environmental object in a vehicle driving image without the aid of other optical devices. The phase distribution model is used to represent the phase information and phase distribution required for the target optical device to achieve the one-dimensional edge enhancement operation. Amplitude information and a mapping model are used to represent the relationship between phase information, amplitude information, and the size and angle information of the nanobrick units to be arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate. Phase information is used to represent the phase modulation requirements that the target optical device needs to meet, amplitude information is used to represent the transmission response requirements that the target optical device needs to meet, and size and angle information are used to represent the geometric configuration of the nanobrick units that enable the target optical device to meet the phase modulation and transmission response requirements. Based on the angle and size information, a target optical device model is constructed, which is used to verify whether the one-dimensional edge enhancement function of the target optical device meets the construction requirements and / or the deployment requirements of the vehicle.

[0013] Furthermore, the target direction includes both vertical and horizontal directions. The method further includes: constructing a one-dimensional edge enhancement function for the target optical device model in the vertical direction based on a spiral phase superposition strategy, and constructing a one-dimensional edge enhancement function for the target optical device model in the horizontal direction. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the vertical direction is used to perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the vertical edges of the environmental object sample to obtain a vertical one-dimensional edge filter for the environmental object sample. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the horizontal direction is used to perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the horizontal edges of the environmental object sample to obtain a horizontal one-dimensional edge filter for the environmental object sample. The method further includes: in response to the successful verification of the target optical device model, constructing a target optical device that can be deployed on a vehicle based on the verified target optical device model. The target optical device is used to provide a one-dimensional edge enhancement function to the vehicle. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function is used to indicate that the target optical device can perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the edges of at least one environmental object in the vehicle's driving image without the aid of other optical devices.

[0014] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a vehicle is also provided, which may include constructed target optical devices.

[0015] In this embodiment, if a target optical device needs to be constructed, the one-dimensional edge enhancement function of the target optical device can be determined. Based on this one-dimensional edge enhancement function, the phase distribution model and mapping model of the target optical device are determined. The target optical device can then be constructed according to the phase distribution model and mapping model. In other words, in this embodiment, by establishing the phase-amplitude response of the nanobrick unit, the correspondence between the geometric parameters (size information and angle information) of the nanobrick unit and the one-dimensional edge enhancement function is accurately mapped, achieving high-fidelity design from the requirements for phase and amplitude information to the physical structure of the nanobrick unit. Furthermore, this embodiment, based on periodically arranged nanobrick units on a silicon dioxide substrate, quantifies the size and angle information, and enhances the ability to jointly control the phase and amplitude information, avoiding the cumulative errors introduced by empirical design and external optical components. Ensuring the precise positioning and orientation of each nanobrick unit matches the phase modulation and transmission response performance significantly improves the manufacturing accuracy and functional consistency of optical devices. This effectively solves the technical problems of numerous, large, and single-function optical devices in vehicles. By using the target optical device without the aid of other optical devices, one-dimensional edge enhancement operations can be performed on the edges of environmental objects, achieving the technical effect of fewer, smaller, and more functional optical devices in vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for constructing an optical device in a vehicle according to an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method for determining a target optical device model according to an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 3(a) is a schematic diagram of the simplified function of a right-hand circularly polarized one-dimensional edge-tunable enhanced metasurface filter according to an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 3(b) is a schematic diagram of the simplified function of a left-handed circularly polarized one-dimensional edge-tunable enhanced metasurface filter according to an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 4(a) is a side view of a titanium dioxide nanobrick unit and a silicon dioxide substrate structure of a metasurface according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4(b) is a top view of a titanium dioxide nanobrick unit and a silicon dioxide substrate structure of a metasurface according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of constructing a metasurface to achieve optical imaging according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of simulation results for constructing a metasurface to achieve wide-wavelength optical imaging according to an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an edge-enhancing hyperplane imaging system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a theoretical edge enhancement output intensity distribution diagram of a circular target with amplitude under different rotation angles according to an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a theoretical edge enhancement output intensity distribution diagram of a circular phase target under different phase values ​​according to an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a theoretical edge enhancement output intensity distribution diagram of a circular target at different rotation angles under a specific phase value according to an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a metasurface unit structure, amplitude conversion efficiency, and edge enhancement experimental system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 12 This is a measured edge enhancement image and intensity curve of an amplitude target under different rotation angles according to an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 13 This is a measured edge enhancement image and intensity curve of a phase target under different rotation angles according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 14 This is a measured edge enhancement output intensity distribution and cross-sectional curve of an amplitude target in a wide band according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 15 This is a measured edge enhancement output intensity distribution and cross-sectional curve of a phase target in a wide band according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0035] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0036] According to an embodiment of this application, a method for constructing optical devices in a vehicle is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0037] This embodiment provides a method for constructing optical devices in a vehicle. Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for constructing an optical device in a vehicle according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the target optical device of the vehicle includes a silicon dioxide substrate and nanobrick units arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate. The method may include the following steps.

[0038] Step S102: Based on the one-dimensional edge enhancement function required by the target optical device to be constructed, determine the phase distribution model of the target optical device and obtain the mapping model of the target optical device to be constructed. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function is used to indicate that the target optical device can perform one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the edge of at least one environmental object in the driving image of the vehicle without the aid of other optical devices. The phase distribution model is used to represent the phase information and amplitude information required for the target optical device to achieve the one-dimensional edge enhancement operation. The mapping model is used to represent the relationship between the phase information, amplitude information and the size information and angle information of the nano-brick units to be arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate. The phase information is used to represent the phase modulation requirements required by the target optical device, the amplitude information is used to represent the transmission response requirements required by the target optical device, and the size information and angle information are used to represent the geometric configuration of the nano-brick units that enable the target optical device to meet the phase modulation requirements and transmission response requirements.

[0039] In the technical solution provided by step S102 of the embodiments of this application, the phase information can be used to represent the phase modulation performance of the nanobrick unit to light waves. The amplitude information can be used to represent the transmission response performance of the nanobrick unit to light waves. The phase information and amplitude information can be derived based on the one-dimensional edge enhancement function to be achieved by the target optical device to be constructed.

[0040] Optionally, based on optical enhancement operations, a phase distribution model corresponding to the one-dimensional edge enhancement function is derived when using a single target optical device, i.e., the phase information and amplitude information required for optical enhancement operations.

[0041] Optionally, the size and angle information can be used to represent the geometric configuration that the nanobrick unit needs to satisfy in terms of phase modulation performance and transmission response performance.

[0042] Optionally, the aforementioned size and angle information can refer to the geometric configuration parameters of the nanobrick unit necessary to achieve phase modulation and transmission response performance. The size information may include the major axis length (L), minor axis width (W), and fixed height (H). The length and width are adjustable parameters, limited to a range of 76 nm to 282 nm, while the height is fixed at 600 nm to ensure efficient phase modulation and high transmittance at a working wavelength of 532 nm. The angle information may refer to the rotation angle (θ) of the nanobrick unit relative to a reference coordinate axis (e.g., a horizontal coordinate axis) within the metasurface plane. This rotation angle ranges from 0° to 180° and is used to modulate the birefringence response of each nanobrick unit to two circularly polarized lights.

[0043] In this embodiment, after obtaining the phase and amplitude information of the nanobrick units to be arranged on the silica substrate, the size and angle information of the nanobrick units can be determined based on the phase and amplitude information derived in step S102. This embodiment illustrates how the obtained global phase and amplitude response database of the nanobrick units is transformed into a specific manufacturable combination of structural parameters, that is, how size and angle information are precisely assigned to the nanobrick units at each location on the metasurface to achieve spatial mapping of the target edge enhancement function.

[0044] Step S104: Construct the target optical device based on the phase distribution model and the mapping model.

[0045] In the technical solution provided by step S104 of the embodiments of this application, nano-brick units that satisfy the size information and angle information can be arranged on a silicon dioxide substrate according to the spatial mapping relationship to obtain an optical device. That is, after determining the size information and angle information based on the phase information and amplitude information, nano-brick units that satisfy the size information and angle information can be arranged on a silicon dioxide substrate according to the spatial mapping relationship to obtain the target optical device.

[0046] Optionally, during the arrangement of nanobrick units, a physical arrangement matrix aligned with the design grid can be established using the coordinate system of the silicon dioxide substrate as a reference. Based on the specified dimensions (L, W) and rotation angle θ of each nanobrick unit in the aforementioned physical arrangement matrix, electron beam lithography or deep ultraviolet lithography is used to define the outline of the nanobrick unit point by point on the surface of the silicon dioxide substrate. During the etching process, by precisely controlling the orientation and exposure parameters of the mask, each nanobrick unit is ensured to rotate relative to the substrate crystal axis at a specified angle θ, achieving spatial alignment of the long axis of the nanobrick unit with the design gradient direction. During the arrangement of nanobrick units, each nanobrick unit maintains a fixed periodic lattice constant (L, W). = =360nm) to maintain the periodic diffraction characteristics of the metasurface, while avoiding the introduction of stray diffraction levels due to non-periodic arrangement, which would interfere with the edge enhancement effect; after the nanobrick units are arranged, the nanobrick units in local areas of the silica substrate are sampled by electron microscopy to ensure the accuracy of the overall structure of the nanobrick units.

[0047] In steps S102 to S104 of this application embodiment, if a target optical device needs to be constructed, the one-dimensional edge enhancement function of the target optical device to be constructed can be determined. Through the one-dimensional edge enhancement function, the phase distribution model and mapping model of the target optical device are determined. The target optical device can be constructed based on the phase distribution model and mapping model. That is, in this application embodiment, by establishing the phase-amplitude response of the nanobrick unit, the correspondence between the geometric parameters (size information and angle information) of the nanobrick unit and the one-dimensional edge enhancement function is accurately mapped, realizing a high-fidelity design from the requirements of phase and amplitude information to the physical structure of the nanobrick unit. Furthermore, this application embodiment, based on periodically arranged nanobrick units on a silicon dioxide substrate, quantifies the size and angle information, and enhances the joint control capability of phase and amplitude information, avoiding the cumulative errors introduced by empirical design and external optical components. Ensuring the precise positioning and orientation of each nanobrick unit matches the phase modulation and transmission response performance significantly improves the manufacturing accuracy and functional consistency of optical devices. This effectively solves the technical problems of numerous, large, and single-function optical devices in vehicles. By using the target optical device without the aid of other optical devices, one-dimensional edge enhancement operations can be performed on the edges of environmental objects, achieving the technical effect of fewer, smaller, and more functional optical devices in vehicles.

[0048] The embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the steps described above.

[0049] As an optional implementation, the target direction includes a vertical direction and a horizontal direction. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function includes a one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the vertical direction and a one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the horizontal direction. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the vertical direction is used to perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the vertical edge of the environment object to obtain a vertical one-dimensional edge filter for the environment object. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the horizontal direction is used to perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the horizontal edge of the environment object to obtain a horizontal one-dimensional edge filter for the environment object.

[0050] In this embodiment, the target direction is limited to the vertical and horizontal directions, indicating that the one-dimensional edge enhancement function design of this application focuses on the above two orthogonal single dimensions and does not involve edge processing at other angles or in all directions. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function can be clearly divided into two types: one corresponding to the vertical direction and the other corresponding to the horizontal direction. These are parallel and independent one-dimensional edge enhancement functions. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the vertical direction targets edge structures in the environment with a vertical orientation. The operation method is to optically enhance the structure in the vertical direction without interfering with or responding to edge information in the horizontal direction. The final output is an image that retains vertical edge features, called vertical one-dimensional edge filtering. Similarly, the one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the horizontal direction targets edge structures in the environment with a horizontal orientation. The operation method is to extract the intensity gradient in the horizontal direction and suppress the response in the vertical direction. The final output is an image containing horizontal edge features, called horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering.

[0051] As an optional implementation, based on the one-dimensional edge enhancement function required by the target optical device to be constructed, the phase distribution model of the target optical device is determined, including: responding to the one-dimensional edge enhancement function being a one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the horizontal direction, illuminating the target optical device with right-hand circularly polarized light, and obtaining the coordinate information of the nanobrick unit on the plane where the silicon dioxide substrate is located; based on the coordinate information and the equivalent focal length parameter of the spiral phase of the right-hand circularly polarized light, constructing the spiral phase principal term of the spiral phase, and determining the azimuth coordinates based on the coordinate information, wherein the equivalent focal length parameter is used to represent the curvature of the spiral phase, and the azimuth coordinates are used to represent the polar angle of the coordinate information relative to the horizontal axis; based on the azimuth coordinates, constructing the angular modulation term of the right-hand circularly polarized light, and determining the phase distribution model in the horizontal direction based on the spiral phase principal term and the angular modulation term of the right-hand circularly polarized light, wherein the phase distribution model in the horizontal direction is used to determine the horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering.

[0052] In this embodiment, to achieve one-dimensional edge enhancement in the horizontal direction for the target optical device, the following phase distribution model can be constructed:

[0053]

[0054] in, It can be used to represent the phase distribution of the horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering function obtained by the horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering function; It can be used to represent free space wavenumber. , It can be used to represent the wavelength of incident light in a vacuum or air. In the embodiments of this application, ; It can be used to represent the main term of the spiral phase, where, It can be used to represent points. Euclidean distance to the origin of the metasurface; It can be used to represent the equivalent focal length parameter; It can be used to represent azimuth coordinates, that is, point. Relative to in polar coordinates The included angle of the axis, ; It can be used to represent the angular modulation term of right-handed circularly polarized light; It can be used to represent phase extraction functions.

[0055] As an optional implementation, based on the one-dimensional edge enhancement function required by the target optical device to be constructed, the phase distribution model of the target optical device is determined, including: responding to the one-dimensional edge enhancement function as a vertical one-dimensional edge enhancement function, illuminating the target optical device with left-handed circularly polarized light, and obtaining the coordinate information of the nanobrick unit on the plane of the silicon dioxide substrate; constructing the helical phase principal term of the helical phase based on the coordinate information and the equivalent focal length parameter of the helical phase of the left-handed circularly polarized light, and determining the azimuth coordinates based on the coordinate information, wherein the equivalent focal length parameter is used to represent the curvature of the helical phase, and the azimuth coordinates are used to represent the polar angle of the coordinate information relative to the horizontal axis; constructing the angular modulation term of the left-handed circularly polarized light based on the azimuth coordinates and the azimuth coordinates after phase reversal, and determining the phase distribution model in the vertical direction based on the helical phase principal term and the angular modulation term of the left-handed circularly polarized light, wherein the phase distribution model in the vertical direction is used to determine the vertical one-dimensional edge filtering.

[0056] In this embodiment, to achieve one-dimensional edge enhancement in the vertical direction for the target optical device, the following phase distribution model can be constructed:

[0057]

[0058] in, It can be used to represent the vertical one-dimensional edge filtering obtained by the one-dimensional edge filtering function in the vertical direction, that is, the phase distribution of the vertical one-dimensional edge filtering; It can be used to represent free space wavenumber. , It can be used to represent the wavelength of incident light in a vacuum or air. In the embodiments of this application, ; It can be used to represent the main term of the spiral phase, where, It can be used to represent points. Euclidean distance to the origin of the metasurface; It can be used to represent the equivalent focal length parameter; It can be used to represent the equivalent focal length parameter; It can be used to represent azimuth coordinates, that is, point. Relative to in polar coordinates The included angle of the axis, ; It can be used to represent the angular modulation term of left-handed circularly polarized light; It can be used to represent phase extraction functions.

[0059] As an optional implementation, the method further includes: in response to the one-dimensional edge filtering being horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering, performing a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the horizontal edge of the environmental object using the target optical device to obtain an optically enhanced edge in the horizontal direction; and in response to the one-dimensional edge filtering being vertical one-dimensional edge filtering, performing a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the vertical edge of the environmental object using the optical device to obtain an optically enhanced edge in the vertical direction.

[0060] In this embodiment, during actual operation, the target optical device performs an edge enhancement operation process in the corresponding direction according to the required output edge filtering type (horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering or vertical one-dimensional edge filtering).

[0061] When the target output is determined to be a horizontal one-dimensional edge filter, it is clearly required to extract the horizontal edge structure of the environmental object. At this time, the incident light can be modulated by the target optical device. The modulation can be determined by the inherent phase distribution of the target optical device and the incident polarization state. During the imaging process, the intensity gradient in the horizontal direction can be enhanced, so that only the optical response of the horizontal edge is retained in the output image, forming an optically enhanced edge image in the horizontal direction.

[0062] Similarly, when the target output is a vertical one-dimensional edge filter, the target optical device is used to trigger another set of preset phase responses in the target optical device by changing the polarization state of the incident light (switching to left-hand circularly polarized light). At this time, the target optical device can be sensitive to the intensity change in the vertical direction, suppress the edge response in the horizontal direction, and the output image shows the enhanced features of the vertical edge, that is, the optically enhanced edge in the vertical direction.

[0063] In this embodiment, the same target optical device can achieve one-dimensional edge enhancement in two different directions by switching polarization states. Each time, an edge enhancement operation can be performed and a corresponding edge image can be output. The operation and the result are in one-to-one correspondence.

[0064] As an optional implementation, obtaining the mapping model of the target optical device to be constructed includes: determining the mapping model based on the preset imaging band and polarization state of the target optical device.

[0065] Optionally, before constructing the target optical device, a mapping model connecting the device structure and optical response can be determined based on the operating conditions of the target optical device. This mapping model can serve as the basis for designing the phase distribution of the metasurface. The mapping model is limited to two input parameters: a preset imaging band and a polarization state. The preset imaging band specifies the central wavelength range of the target optical device's designed operation, for example, 532 nm. This preset imaging band can be used to determine the refractive index, absorption characteristics, and dimensional response range of the nanostructure at this wavelength. Since the phase modulation capability of the metasurface is highly dependent on the incident light wavelength, the same structure will produce different phase delays at different wavelengths. Therefore, a design benchmark can be set based on the preset imaging band to ensure that the nanobrick units can accurately achieve the required phase value at this wavelength, avoiding performance degradation due to dispersion. The polarization state refers to the polarization state of the incident light, such as right-handed or left-handed circularly polarized light. Because the designed metasurface has polarization-sensitive characteristics, different polarization states can excite different optical response mechanisms, specifically manifested as different phase modulation effects of the nanobrick structure on different polarized light. Therefore, only by clearly defining the polarization state can the correct correspondence between structural parameters (such as the length, width, and rotation angle of the nanobrick) and the output phase be established.

[0066] This embodiment provides a method for constructing a target optical device model. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method for determining a target optical device model according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the target optical device model includes a silicon dioxide substrate and periodically arranged nanobrick units, and the method may include the following steps.

[0067] Step S202: Based on the one-dimensional edge enhancement function required by the target optical device to be constructed, determine the phase distribution model of the target optical device and obtain the mapping model of the target optical device to be constructed.

[0068] In the technical solution provided by step S202 of the embodiments of this application, the one-dimensional edge enhancement function is used to indicate that the target optical device can perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the edge of at least one environmental object in the driving image of the vehicle without the aid of other optical devices. The phase distribution model is used to represent the phase information and amplitude information that the target optical device needs to satisfy to achieve the one-dimensional edge enhancement operation. The mapping model is used to represent the correlation between the phase information, amplitude information and the size information and angle information of the nano-brick units to be arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate. The phase information is used to represent the phase modulation requirements that the target optical device needs to satisfy. The amplitude information is used to represent the transmission response requirements that the target optical device needs to satisfy. The size information and angle information are used to represent the geometric configuration of the nano-brick units that enable the target optical device to satisfy the phase modulation requirements and transmission response requirements.

[0069] Step S204: Construct a model of the target optical device based on the angle and size information.

[0070] In the technical solution provided by step S204 of the embodiments of this application, the target optical device model is used to verify whether the one-dimensional edge enhancement function of the target optical device meets the construction requirements and / or the deployment requirements of the vehicle.

[0071] The embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the steps described above.

[0072] As an optional implementation, the target direction includes a vertical direction and a horizontal direction. The method further includes: constructing a one-dimensional edge enhancement function for the target optical device model in the vertical direction and a one-dimensional edge enhancement function for the target optical device model in the horizontal direction based on a spiral phase superposition strategy. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the vertical direction is used to perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the vertical edges of the environmental object sample to obtain a vertical one-dimensional edge filter for the environmental object sample. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the horizontal direction is used to perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the horizontal edges of the environmental object sample to obtain a horizontal one-dimensional edge filter for the environmental object sample. The method further includes: in response to the successful verification of the target optical device model, constructing a target optical device that can be deployed on a vehicle based on the verified target optical device model. The target optical device is used to provide a one-dimensional edge enhancement function to the vehicle. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function is used to indicate that the target optical device can perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the edges of at least one environmental object in the vehicle's driving image without the aid of other optical devices.

[0073] In this embodiment, in response to the successful verification of the target optical device model, it indicates that the previously constructed phase distribution model has been confirmed at the simulation or experimental level to achieve the expected one-dimensional edge enhancement function, that is, under a specific wavelength and polarization state, the target optical device can correctly output the edge enhancement image in the horizontal or vertical direction. Only then does it enter the manufacturing stage of the physical target optical device.

[0074] In this embodiment, the target optical device can be used to provide one-dimensional edge enhancement to a vehicle, and the realization of this one-dimensional edge enhancement function does not depend on other optical devices. This means that the target optical device is the only physical unit that performs the edge enhancement operation. Through its own nanostructure phase modulation, it synchronously completes edge enhancement during the imaging process without the participation of other optical devices. This characteristic is the core advantage of this embodiment compared to traditional digital edge detection or 4F systems.

[0075] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to preferred embodiments.

[0076] Currently, edge enhancement technology holds immense potential in areas such as lane detection and barrier gate detection within the autonomous driving field. Traditional edge enhancement methods rely on digital domain computation using integrated circuits, which incurs significant energy and time costs. This is particularly problematic in autonomous driving scenarios, where edge information is typically extracted from large amounts of high-resolution images to perceive and fuse dynamic information about the road and its surroundings, aiding in decision-making for autonomous vehicles. Recently, advancements in optical analog computing have presented new opportunities for achieving fast and reliable image edge information processing, offering advantages such as high parallel processing capabilities, excellent computational speed, and extremely low or even negligible energy consumption. Against this backdrop, numerous edge enhancement methods based on optical computing have gradually been implemented.

[0077] However, most current methods or filters are mainly suitable for enhancing the two-dimensional edges of objects, lacking the ability to selectively enhance one-dimensional edges, which is crucial for capturing directional features in complex scenes and reducing redundancy in post-processing data.

[0078] With the in-depth study of radial Hilbert transform, a spiral phase superposition method has been proposed for directional one-dimensional edge enhancement. However, to date, directional edge enhancement based on the above method has mainly been achieved through spiral phase plate liquid crystal spatial light modulators. Their large structure and limited resolution hinder their widespread application in modern miniaturized and integrated systems. Therefore, metasurfaces, as a novel optical element, have been proposed to address the miniaturization and integration issues. However, current metasurface filters used to achieve one-dimensional edge tunable enhancement mostly require integration with conventional 4f optical systems to achieve effective edge enhancement; therefore, highly miniaturized and compact filters have yet to be proposed.

[0079] To address the aforementioned issues, this embodiment will verify the effectiveness of the technical method in detail.

[0080] Figure 3(a) is a schematic diagram illustrating the simplified function of a one-dimensional edge-tunable enhanced metasurface filter for right-hand circularly polarized light according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3(a), the one-dimensional edge-tunable enhanced metasurface filter 30 based on polarization modulation includes: a silicon dioxide substrate 301 and titanium dioxide nanobrick units 302. After the amplitude object "E" is incident with right-hand circularly polarized light, a horizontal one-dimensional edge filter can be formed on the other side of the filter with respect to the amplitude object.

[0081] Figure 3(b) is a schematic diagram of the simple function of a one-dimensional edge-tunable enhanced metasurface filter for left-hand circularly polarized light according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 3(b), after the amplitude object "E" is incident with left-hand circularly polarized light, a vertical one-dimensional edge filter can be formed on the other side of the filter with respect to the amplitude object.

[0082] To achieve the optical edge enhancement function shown in Figures 3(a) and 3(b), this embodiment derives the phase distribution model required for the metasurface filter, as follows:

[0083] The function of the metasurface shown in Figure 3(a) can be achieved using the following formula to obtain the horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering (i.e., phase distribution) of the metasurface. ):

[0084]

[0085] in, It can be used to represent the horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering function obtained by the horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering function, that is, the phase distribution of the horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering; It can be used to represent free space wavenumber. , It can be used to represent the wavelength of incident light in a vacuum or air. In the embodiments of this application, ; It can be used to represent the main term of the spiral phase, where, It can be used to represent points. Euclidean distance to the origin of the metasurface; It can be used to represent the equivalent focal length parameter; It can be used to represent azimuth coordinates, that is, point. Relative to the polar coordinate system The included angle of the axis, ; It can be used to represent the angular modulation term of right-handed circularly polarized light; It can be used to represent phase extraction functions.

[0086] Furthermore, the function of the optical metasurface shown in Figure 3(b) can be achieved using the following formula to obtain the vertical one-dimensional edge filtering (i.e., phase distribution) of the metasurface. ):

[0087]

[0088] in, It can be used to represent the vertical one-dimensional edge filtering obtained by the one-dimensional edge filtering function in the vertical direction, that is, the phase distribution of the vertical one-dimensional edge filtering; It can be used to represent free space wavenumber. , It can be used to represent the wavelength of incident light in a vacuum or air. In the embodiments of this application, ; It can be used to represent the main term of the spiral phase, where, It can be used to represent points. Euclidean distance to the origin of the metasurface; It can be used to represent the equivalent focal length parameter; It can be used to represent the equivalent focal length parameter; It can be used to represent azimuth coordinates, that is, point. Relative to in polar coordinates The included angle of the axis, ; It can be used to represent the angular modulation term of left-handed circularly polarized light; It can be used to represent phase extraction functions.

[0089] Among them, phase , x and y On the plane of the metasurface, respectively x and y The coordinates of the direction. A functional schematic diagram of the tunable filter system constructed from this metasurface is shown in Figures 3(a) and 3(b). When the incident light is... At that time, the emitted light modulated by the system shown in Figure 3(a) and Figure 3(b) The theoretical expression should be:

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] The PSF can be used to represent the point spread function of the system, and the FT can be used to represent the Fourier transform. Specifically, when the incident light is LCP, the horizontal edges of the sample are enhanced. When the incident light is RCP, the horizontal edges of the sample are also enhanced (as shown in Figures 3(a) and 3(b)).

[0093] Next, in order to achieve the construction of a metasurface that satisfies the above phase model, this embodiment establishes a database of titanium dioxide nano-silicon and determines the relationship between the structural size, phase distribution and amplitude distribution of the titanium dioxide nano-silicon unit based on the 532nm imaging band and polarization state.

[0094] In this embodiment, the optical response of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanobrick units at a designed wavelength of 532 nm was systematically scanned using electromagnetic simulation software. The major axis dimension (L), minor axis dimension (W), and rotation angle (θ) of the nanobricks were systematically changed while maintaining a fixed lattice constant. = Under the constraints of a height (H=360nm) and a width (H=600nm), the transmission phase delay and amplitude modulation characteristics corresponding to each set of geometric parameters are recorded. Because titanium dioxide has a high refractive index and low absorption loss in the visible light band, its nanostructures can achieve a phase coverage range close to 2π, thus meeting the requirements for constructing arbitrary phase distributions. This database essentially establishes a high-dimensional lookup table from "nanobrick geometric parameters" to "optical response (phase / amplitude)". In this embodiment, the parameter ranges of the length L and width W of the titanium dioxide nanobrick unit are both 76~282nm, and the range of θ is 0~180°.

[0095] Figure 4(a) is a side view of a titanium dioxide nanobrick unit and a silicon dioxide substrate structure of a metasurface according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 4(a), each titanium dioxide nanobrick unit 302 has a fixed square lattice constant. = =360nm, the height of the titanium dioxide nanobrick unit is H=600nm, and the titanium dioxide nanobrick units are periodically arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate.

[0096] Figure 4(b) is a top view of a titanium dioxide nanobrick unit and a silicon dioxide substrate structure of a metasurface according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4(b), the phase is changed by changing the length L and width W of the titanium dioxide nanobrick unit and the rotation angle θ, thereby achieving the desired phase distribution and amplitude distribution.

[0097] Next, in this embodiment, based on the aforementioned database, namely the correspondence between phase-amplitude and nanobrick unit size and angle information, nanobrick units that satisfy the phase model can be arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate, thereby completing the construction of a metasurface that meets functional requirements.

[0098] Next, in order to verify that the constructed metasurface meets the functions described in the embodiment (as shown in Figure 3(a) and Figure 3(b)), this embodiment simulates the constructed metasurface using electromagnetic simulation software and performs a full-process simulation of its optical imaging process.

[0099] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the simulation results of constructing a metasurface to achieve optical imaging according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, the first row displays the edge detection results when the sample is a lane line; the second and third rows display the edge detection results when the sample is a barrier gate in different states. The output results and normalized intensity distribution of this metasurface optical system both indicate that the metasurface has a tunable one-dimensional edge enhancement effect for some road scene samples.

[0100] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of simulation results for constructing a metasurface to achieve wide-wavelength optical imaging according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, when the sample object is the amplitude sample letter "E", when the wavelength of the incident light is changed (the wavelengths of the first to third rows are 520nm, 532nm, and 540nm respectively), the simulation output results and normalized intensity distribution map of the metasurface optical system clearly show that the working wavelength of the metasurface optical system is at least 20nm.

[0101] An embodiment of this application also provides a vehicle that may include a constructed target optical device, thereby directly achieving the optical imaging effect shown in Figures 3(a) and 3(b) at the vehicle end.

[0102] The technical solutions of this application will be further explained below with reference to the preferred implementation method of tunable directional edge enhancement imaging using optical metasurfaces.

[0103] From artificial intelligence to biomedical diagnostics, the demand for high-speed, energy-efficient directional edge imaging is growing across various fields. While digital convolution algorithms in related technologies are limited by computational latency and power consumption, optical analog computing has emerged as a paradigm-shifting solution, offering massive parallelism and near-zero energy dissipation. To achieve these goals, various physical phenomena are employed in these technologies, such as phase-contrast microscopy, the photonic spin Hall effect, and numerous related strategies. Crucially, most of these technologies produce isotropic edge profiles and lack the spatial selectivity required to isolate weak edges aligned along a specific direction, thus limiting their application in scenarios requiring directional edge detection.

[0104] Recent advances in radial Hilbert transform have extended the methods for directional edge detection, validating two significant strategies: the sinusoidal function method and the spiral phase superposition technique. The spiral phase superposition technique achieves enhanced direction selectivity by synthesizing spiral phases with customized topological charges, thus enabling precise control over edge directionality. Despite these advancements, practical implementation still relies on bulky devices such as spiral phase plates or spatial light modulators (SLMs). The inherent size and pixelation limitations of these devices pose significant obstacles to chip integration and system miniaturization. Furthermore, since electrically tunable SLMs are less stable than traditional mechanical modulations, there is an urgent need for an edge detection platform that combines compactness, dynamic reconfigurability, and stability.

[0105] In related technologies, a two-dimensional photonics approach has been proposed, where metasurfaces enable unprecedented control over the amplitude, phase, and polarization state of electromagnetic waves at the subwavelength scale. This ability to integrate multi-volume optical functions into a planar architecture lays the foundation for simplified, miniaturized, and tunable systems. While full-image edge detection has been achieved using metasurfaces, direction-selective processing remains underexplored. Although the differences in edge responses between amplitude and phase objects have been investigated, mechanistic understanding and comprehensive experimental validation are still lacking. These shortcomings hinder the wider adoption of metasurface imaging in complex recognition tasks. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to construct a meta-imaging device capable of performing directional edge enhancement differentiation processing based on amplitude and phase inputs, and to conduct a systematic study of such a device.

[0106] This application proposes a super-imaging architecture designed to achieve mechanically controlled directional edge enhancement, generating different edge maps for amplitude-based and phase-based objects. Based on a helical phase superposition framework, a geometrically phased metasurface is employed, incorporating nanopillars optimized for directional filtering operations. To demonstrate the feasibility of this method, numerical simulations and experimental measurements reveal significant differences in edge extraction modes between amplitude and phase inputs. Furthermore, the super-imaging architecture exhibits stable performance across a wide spectral range, indicating its potential for broadband imaging applications.

[0107] The super-imaging architecture proposed in the embodiments of this application will be further explained below.

[0108] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an edge-enhancing hyperplane imaging system according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, an edge-enhancing hyperplane imaging system (hereinafter referred to as the edge enhancement system) is proposed. Edge enhancement is only applied to bright areas. The system includes two lenses and a metasurface, which can be rotated to switch between directional edge enhancement filters. For an amplitude target input, at 0° rotation, the output is a vertically enhanced edge image (…). Figure 7 (a) in the image, while at 90°, it becomes a horizontally enhanced edge image ( Figure 7 (b)). The aforementioned edge enhancement system can also be referred to as a mechanically controlled super-imaging platform. For phase target input, tunable anisotropic edge enhancement can be observed, which will be explained in detail later.

[0109] The following embodiments of this application will explain the corresponding image processing and related principles. In the above edge enhancement system, the target can be regarded as the electric field distribution of the incident light beam, written as... E in ( x , y ),in, x and y These are the input or output image planes. x or y Direction coordinates. Then, from... Figure 7 Lens 1 in (a) performs a spatial Fourier transform. The aforementioned metasurface can act as a dynamic spatial filter. The optical spectral transfer function can be expressed as... H ( f x , f y ),in, f x and f y It is the spatial frequency coordinate on the Fourier plane, i.e.f x = u / (λ f ), f y = v / (λ f ),in, u and v They are in the Fourier plane x or y Direction coordinates, where λ is the operating wavelength. Then, the manipulated electric field is... Figure 7 Lens 2 in (a) is customized.

[0110] Therefore, the entire image processing process can be summarized as follows.

[0111] (1)

[0112] Here, FT stands for Two-Dimensional (2D) Fourier Transform, and IFT stands for Inverse 2D Fourier Transform. One of the key aspects of this setup is finding a suitable... H ( f x , f y This method efficiently achieves directional edge enhancement. A spiral phase stacking method is used to achieve vertical edge enhancement in images. H ( f x , f y This can be represented as:

[0113] (2)

[0114] in, =arctan( v / u And angle() represents the operation of extracting the phase of the expression within the parentheses. If the H(fx,fy) is rotated, different edge images with different directions can be obtained. Therefore, H ( f x , f y () is the rotation angle α The function can be represented as:

[0115] (3)

[0116] (4)

[0117] Figure 8This is a theoretical edge enhancement output intensity distribution diagram of a circular target with amplitude under different rotation angles according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 8 As shown, when the input target is an amplitude circular pattern, the values ​​corresponding to different rotation angles α are... H ( f x , f y The theoretical output intensity distribution of ). Figure 8 (a1) to (a4) in the figure show the theoretical output intensity distribution when α is set to 0, π / 4, π / 2 and 3π / 4, respectively. Figure 8 In the diagram, (b1) to (b4) represent the cutoff strength curves along the white dashed line from (a1) to (a4), respectively. To clearly describe the characteristics of the above method, several rotation angles α can be selected to obtain different values. H ( f x , f y First, a circular amplitude target is used as the input target. E in ( x , y The corresponding output field distribution can be calculated based on the above formula (1). E out ( x , y ). Figure 8 Figures (a1) to (a4) show the output intensity distribution when α = 0, π / 4, π / 2, and 3π / 4. The corresponding cross-sectional intensity curves are shown below. Figure 8 As shown in (b1)~(b4) in the diagram. It can also be observed that when α is increased to 180 degrees, there is edge enhancement in the same direction.

[0118] In this embodiment, a system with a circular phase target input can also be analyzed. The correlation output intensity distribution differs from that when the system has an amplitude target input. At a rotation angle of 0°, the circular phase target is assigned a different phase value.

[0119] Figure 9 This is a theoretical edge enhancement output intensity distribution map of a circular phase target at different phase values ​​according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 9 As shown, when H ( f x , f y When the rotation angle of ) is 0°, it corresponds to the theoretical output intensity distribution of circular phase targets with different phase values. Figure 9(a1) to (a3) ​​show the theoretical output intensity distribution when the phase values ​​of the circular phase target are 17π / 10, 14π / 10 and 11π / 10, respectively. Figure 9 In the figure, (b1)~(b3) are the cross-sectional intensity curves of (a1)~(a3) along the white dashed line, respectively. The horizontal axis is the physical distance (represented by x), and the vertical axis is the normalized intensity. Figure 9 (c1)~(c3) in the figure show the theoretical output intensity distribution when the phase values ​​of the circular phase target are 8π / 10, 5π / 10 and 2π / 10, respectively. Figure 9 In the figure, (d1)~(d3) are the cross-sectional strength curves of (c1)~(c3) along the white dashed line, respectively. The horizontal axis is the physical distance (represented by x), and the vertical axis is the normalized strength.

[0120] To illustrate the difference in edge enhancement between amplitude and phase targets, the cross-sectional intensity curve of the phase target is also shown, such as... Figure 9 As shown in (b1)~(b3) in the figure. When the phase values ​​of the circular phase target are 8π / 10, 5π / 10 and 2π / 10 respectively, the obtained output intensity distribution and the corresponding cross-sectional intensity curves are as follows. Figure 9 As shown in (c1)~(c3) and (d1)~(d3), respectively, with Figure 9 Similar to (a1)~(a3) and (b1)~(b3), significant anisotropic edge enhancement can be observed. Furthermore, as the phase value decreases from 2π to 0, the edge enhancement direction gradually transitions from the right to the left. Therefore, to further analyze the theoretical results of edge enhancement with different α values, a classical phase value (17π / 10) is used for interpretation.

[0121] For example, Figure 10 This is a theoretical edge enhancement output intensity distribution map of a circular target at different rotation angles under a specific phase value, according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 As shown, Figure 10 (a1)~(a4) and (b1)~(b4) show that when the phase value of the phase circular pattern is 17π / 10, it corresponds to different rotation angles α. H ( f x , f y The theoretical output intensity distribution is shown in the figure. The figure reveals significant anisotropic edge enhancement, and as the phase value decreases from 2π to 0, the edge enhancement direction gradually transitions from the right to the left. Therefore, to further analyze the theoretical results of edge enhancement with different α values, a classical phase value is used for interpretation. When the phase value of the circular phase pattern is 17π / 10, for different rotation angles α...H ( f x , f y The theoretical output intensity distribution of ). Figure 10 (a1) to (a4) show the theoretical output intensity distribution when α is set to 0, π / 4, π / 2, and 3π / 4, respectively. Figure 10 In the figure, (b1)~(b4) are the cross-sectional strength curves of (a1)~(a4) along the white dashed line, respectively.

[0122] Through the above Figure 10 The results show that edge enhancement occurs in various directions as α changes, which differs from the observations of amplitude targets. The directions of edge enhancement differ from those observed when the target is an amplitude target. When α is set to 5π / 4, 3π / 2, and 7π / 4, the obtained theoretical output intensity distribution and corresponding cross-sectional intensity curves are respectively compared with... Figure 10 Similar to (a1)~(a4) and (b1)~(b4), it can be concluded that directional edge enhancement remains consistent when α increases by 180°. Therefore, it can be seen that when receiving an amplitude target input, the aforementioned edge enhancement system brightens or enhances individual edges in a specific direction. In contrast, for a phase target input, not all edges in a specific direction are brightened or enhanced, exhibiting anisotropic enhancement.

[0123] Furthermore, the metasurface phase distribution in Equation 2 satisfies Figure 7 The functional requirements of the instrument enable various edge enhancements of amplitude and phase targets by rotating the angle from 0° to 90° or vice versa.

[0124] In the embodiments of this application, in order to achieve the desired phase distribution, the metasurface can be designed using the geometric phase principle. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a metasurface unit structure, amplitude conversion efficiency, and edge enhancement experimental system according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 11 As shown, it can be composed of nanopillars consisting of 1630×1630 amorphous silicon (Si) nanofins, with fixed height (H), length (L), width (W), and varying angle (θ), arranged in a square lattice on a silicon dioxide substrate. Figure 11 (a) and (b) in the figure). The diameter D is 489 μm. To optimize the polarization conversion efficiency, simulations can be performed using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solver. x and y The direction applies periodic boundary conditions. Meanwhile, in zApplying Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) boundary conditions in the direction, targeting λ The mesh has a bandwidth of 600~800 nm and a mesh precision of 2. The optimized element parameters are: height H=365 nm, length L=129 nm, width W=90 nm, and lattice constant. P x = P y =300nm. Figure 11 (c) in the figure shows the simulated polarization conversion efficiency of the designed sample.

[0125] In this embodiment of the application, to demonstrate the feasibility of the system, a standard amplitude (USAF 1951) and phase (custom phase plate) target can be used. Figure 11 The experimental edge enhancement system was established in (d) of the illustration. Figure 11 (d) In the diagram, polarizers (P1) and waveplates (W1) modify the polarization of the laser, while polarizers (P2) and waveplates (W2) extract the desired output polarization. Objectives (×40), pinholes, and lenses (L1) ensure that the sample is uniformly illuminated by the laser. Lenses (L2 and L3) and metasurfaces (MS) are key components for achieving tunable directional edge-enhanced imaging.

[0126] like Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 (a) and (b) are the side and vertical views of a typical unit cell of the designed metasurface, respectively, showing a periodicity. P x , P y (c) Height (H), cross-sectional area (L and W), and different rotation angles (θ). (d) Relationship between polarization conversion efficiency and wavelength. P1 and P2 are polarizers. W1 and W2 are λ / 4 waveplates, and L1, L2, and L3 are lenses. The focal lengths of the three lenses are... (f 1 ,f 2 ,f 3 The amplitudes are 200mm, 100mm, and 200mm respectively. The illustration shows a standard amplitude (USAF 1951) and phase (custom phase plate) sample, with the phase of the letters in the phase plate being approximately 17π / 10 and the etching depth being 210nm.

[0127] The experimental setup described above demonstrates directional edge enhancement of the edge enhancement system. Figure 12 This is a measured edge enhancement image and intensity curve of an amplitude target under different rotation angles according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12 (a1)~(c1) show the edge enhancement system in α =0° resolution output image of different parts of the target. Figure 12 In (a2)~(c2), the intensity distribution of the corresponding cross sections along the white dashed lines in (a1)~(c1) is given. Figure 12 (a3)~(c3) in the text are displayed α The output image at 90°. Figure 12 In this context, (a4)~(c4) represent the intensity distribution of the corresponding cross-sections along the white dashed lines in (a3)~(c3). For example... Figure 12 As shown, it displays Figure 11 Output image of the amplitude target (USAF 1951) in (d). When α When =0°, Figure 12 (a1)~(c1) show vertical edge enhancement, and the corresponding intensity curves are as follows: Figure 12 As shown in (a2)~(c2), it can be concluded that the vertical edges have been extracted, although the intensity distribution is uneven. When α When =90°, Figure 12 (a3)~(c3) show horizontal edge enhancement, but Figure 12 The edges in (c3) cannot be completely distinguished. Therefore, the above edge enhancement system achieves switchable directional edge enhancement with a resolution of 1.59 lp / mm, which is close to the ideal resolution of 1.82 lp / mm (D / (2λf3)).

[0128] Figure 13 This is a measured edge enhancement image and intensity curve of a phase target under different rotation angles according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 13 As shown, Figure 13 (a1)~(c1) in the figure demonstrate the edge enhancement system in α When the angle is 0°, output images of different parts of the phase target are customized. Figure 13 In the diagram, (a2)~(c2) are the intensity distribution curves of the corresponding cross sections corresponding to the white dashed lines in (a1)~(c1). Figure 13 (a3)~(c3) in the text demonstrate α Output image at 90°. Figure 13 (a4)~(c4) are the intensity distribution curves of the corresponding cross sections corresponding to the white dashed lines in (a3)~(c3). Figure 13 The output images are shown when the input is a phase target (sub-images 0, H, and E), which is made of BK7 material and etched to a depth of 210 nm, producing a phase of approximately 17π / 10. Figure 13 (a1)~(c1) in the table show when αThe output image at 0°. Figure 13 (a2) to (c2) show the corresponding cross-sectional intensity curves. The above image shows that the right edge is extracted, although the intensity distribution is not uniform. Figure 13 (a3)~(c3) and (a4)~(c4) show α Similar results were obtained at 90°, with the bottom edge clearly extracted. The above experimental results are consistent with... Figure 10 The results are consistent with those in the previous studies, confirming that the edge enhancement system can achieve switchable directional edge enhancement even under phase targets.

[0129] Since the metasurface in the edge enhancement system is designed based on geometric phase, and geometric phase can operate over a wide wavelength range, it is inferred that the designed metasurface can also operate over a broadband range. To demonstrate the broadband capability of the edge enhancement system, an amplitude target "E" can be used, and the target can be illuminated with beams of wavelengths of 604 nm, 671 nm, and 760 nm, respectively. Figure 14 This is a measured edge enhancement output intensity distribution and cross-sectional curve of an amplitude target in a wide band according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 14 As shown, Figure 14 In the equations (a1) to (c1), the wavelengths of the incident beams are 604 nm, 671 nm, and 760 nm, respectively. α The output intensity distribution of the amplitude target at 0°. Figure 14 In the diagram, (a2)~(c2) are the corresponding cross-sectional curves of the white dashed lines in (a1)~(c1). Figure 14 In the equations (a3) ​​to (c3), the wavelengths of the incident beams are 604 nm, 671 nm, and 760 nm, respectively, and... α The output intensity distribution of the amplitude target at 90°. Figure 14 In the diagram, (a4)~(c4) are the corresponding cross-sectional curves of the white dashed lines in (a3)~(c3). Figure 14 (a1)~(c1) in the figure show when α Output intensity distribution at various wavelengths when θ = 0° Figure 14 Figures (a2) to (c2) show the corresponding cross-sectional intensity curves. For each wavelength, the vertical edges are clearly extracted. Figure 14 (a3)~(c3) in the diagram show when α The output image at 90° yielded horizontal edges at all wavelengths. The above experimental results were obtained. Figure 14 Verification of the cross-sectional curves in (a4)~(c4).

[0130] In this embodiment of the application, the output intensity distribution of the phase target at wavelengths of 604 nm, 671 nm, and 760 nm was also evaluated. Figure 15 This is a measured edge enhancement output intensity distribution and cross-sectional curve of a phase target in a wide band according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 15 As shown, Figure 15 In the equations (a1) to (c1), the wavelengths of the incident beams are 604 nm, 671 nm, and 760 nm, respectively. α The output intensity distribution of the phase target at 0°. Figure 15 In the diagram, (a2)~(c2) are the corresponding cross-sectional curves of the white dashed lines in (a1)~(c1). Figure 15 In the equations (a3) ​​to (c3), the wavelengths of the incident beams are 604 nm, 671 nm, and 760 nm, respectively. α The output intensity distribution of the phase target at 90°. Figure 15 In the diagram, (a4)~(c4) are the corresponding cross-sectional curves of the white dashed lines in (a3)~(c3). Figure 15 (a1)~(c1) in the figure show when α Intensity distribution at each wavelength when =0° Figure 15 Figures (a2) to (c2) show the corresponding cross-sectional intensity curves. The right edge can be extracted, but due to the large wavelength difference, the edge information is not very clear at 760nm. Figure 15 (a3)~(c3) show α The output at 90° successfully extracted the bottom edge, as shown below. Figure 15 As shown in (a4)~(c4).

[0131] The above experimental results show that the edge enhancement system proposed in this application operates in the broadband range, with a working bandwidth of at least 156nm.

[0132] In this embodiment, the proposed super-imaging platform integrates a geometric phase metasurface based on the helical phase superposition principle with a standard 4f optical architecture, successfully achieving a compact solution for dynamically adjusting direction-selective edge enhancement without complex electronic control, relying instead on mechanical rotation. The core of this super-imaging platform lies in its ability to utilize a mechanical modulation mechanism to exhibit highly specific edge extraction capabilities for input objects with different physical properties. For example, for amplitude objects, edge features in the vertical or horizontal direction can be accurately extracted by adjusting the metasurface angle; while for phase objects, direction-dependent edges (e.g., right or bottom edges) can be adaptively extracted based on phase distribution characteristics. This object-attribute-based differentiated response mechanism greatly enriches the information dimensions of edge detection. Furthermore, utilizing the inherent broadband characteristics of the geometric phase mechanism, the super-imaging platform maintains robust performance across a wide spectral range of 604nm to 760nm, overcoming the shortcomings of spatial light modulators in related technologies, such as large size, poor stability, and limited bandwidth. The above setup not only achieves intelligent mapping from phase difference / amplitude difference to edge direction selection, but also replaces optical components in related technologies with a compact structure, providing an efficient technical path for edge detection applications such as biomedical diagnostics and intelligent vision systems that have strict requirements for miniaturization, high stability and low power consumption.

[0133] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a device for constructing an optical device in a vehicle is also provided. The target optical device of the vehicle includes a silicon dioxide substrate and nanobrick units arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate. The device may include: a first determining module, configured to determine a phase distribution model of the target optical device based on the one-dimensional edge enhancement function required by the target optical device to be constructed, and to obtain a mapping model of the target optical device to be constructed. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function is used to indicate that the target optical device performs a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the edge of at least one environmental object in the target direction in the vehicle's driving image without the aid of other optical devices. The phase distribution model is used to... The phase and amplitude information required for the target optical device to achieve one-dimensional edge enhancement operation are represented by the phase distribution model and the mapping model. The mapping model is used to represent the relationship between the phase information, amplitude information, and the size and angle information of the nanobrick units to be arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate. The phase information is used to represent the phase modulation requirement that the target optical device needs to meet, the amplitude information is used to represent the transmission response requirement that the target optical device needs to meet, and the size and angle information are used to represent the geometric configuration of the nanobrick units that enable the target optical device to meet the phase modulation requirement and transmission response requirement. The first construction module is used to construct the target optical device based on the phase distribution model and the mapping model.

[0134] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a device for determining a target optical device model is also provided. The target optical device model includes a silicon dioxide substrate and periodically arranged nanobrick units. The device may include: a second determining module, configured to determine the phase distribution model of the target optical device based on the one-dimensional edge enhancement function required by the target optical device to be constructed, and to obtain the mapping model of the target optical device to be constructed. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function is used to indicate that the target optical device can perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the edge of at least one environmental object in a vehicle driving image without the aid of other optical devices. The phase distribution model is used to represent the phase information required for the target optical device to achieve the one-dimensional edge enhancement operation. The first module contains phase and amplitude information. A mapping model is used to represent the relationship between phase information, amplitude information, and the size and angle information of the nanobrick units to be arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate. The phase information is used to represent the phase modulation requirements that the target optical device needs to meet, the amplitude information is used to represent the transmission response requirements that the target optical device needs to meet, and the size and angle information are used to represent the geometric configuration of the nanobrick units that enable the target optical device to meet the phase modulation and transmission response requirements. The second module is used to construct a target optical device model according to the angle and size information. The target optical device model is used to verify whether the one-dimensional edge enhancement function of the target optical device meets the construction requirements and / or the deployment requirements of the vehicle.

[0135] In the above embodiments of this application, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0136] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units can be a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For instance, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between units or modules may be electrical or other forms.

[0137] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0138] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0139] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0140] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for constructing optical devices in a vehicle, characterized in that, The target optical device of the vehicle includes a silicon dioxide substrate and nanobrick units arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate, and the method includes: Based on the one-dimensional edge enhancement function required by the target optical device to be constructed, the phase distribution model of the target optical device is determined, and the mapping model of the target optical device to be constructed is obtained. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function is used to indicate that the target optical device can perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the edge of at least one environmental object in the driving image of the vehicle without the aid of other optical devices. The phase distribution model is used to represent the phase information and amplitude information required for the target optical device to achieve the one-dimensional edge enhancement operation. The mapping model is used to represent the correlation between the phase information, the amplitude information, and the size and angle information of the nano-brick units to be arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate. The phase information is used to represent the phase modulation requirements required by the target optical device, the amplitude information is used to represent the transmission response requirements required by the target optical device, and the size and angle information are used to represent the geometric configuration of the nano-brick units that enables the target optical device to meet the phase modulation requirements and the transmission response requirements. The target optical device is constructed based on the phase distribution model and the mapping model.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target direction includes a vertical direction and a horizontal direction. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function includes a one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the vertical direction and a one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the horizontal direction. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the vertical direction is used to perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the vertical edge of the environmental object to obtain a vertical one-dimensional edge filter for the environmental object. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the horizontal direction is used to perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the horizontal edge of the environmental object to obtain a horizontal one-dimensional edge filter for the environmental object.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the one-dimensional edge enhancement function required by the target optical device to be constructed, the phase distribution model of the target optical device is determined, including: In response to the one-dimensional edge enhancement function being a one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the horizontal direction, the target optical device is illuminated with right-hand circularly polarized light, and the coordinate information of the nanobrick unit on the plane where the silicon dioxide substrate is located is obtained; Based on the coordinate information and the equivalent focal length parameter of the spiral phase of the right-hand circularly polarized light, the spiral phase principal term of the spiral phase is constructed, and the azimuth coordinates are determined based on the coordinate information, wherein the equivalent focal length parameter is used to represent the curvature of the spiral phase, and the azimuth coordinates are used to represent the polar angle of the coordinate information relative to the horizontal axis. Based on the azimuth coordinates, an angular modulation term for the right-hand circularly polarized light is constructed, and based on the helical phase principal term and the angular modulation term for the right-hand circularly polarized light, a phase distribution model in the horizontal direction is determined, wherein the phase distribution model in the horizontal direction is used to determine the horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the one-dimensional edge enhancement function required by the target optical device to be constructed, the phase distribution model of the target optical device is determined, including: In response to the one-dimensional edge enhancement function being a one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the vertical direction, the target optical device is illuminated with left-handed circularly polarized light, and the coordinate information of the nanobrick unit on the plane where the silicon dioxide substrate is located is obtained; Based on the coordinate information and the equivalent focal length parameter of the spiral phase of the left-hand circularly polarized light, the spiral phase principal term of the spiral phase is constructed, and the azimuth coordinates are determined based on the coordinate information, wherein the equivalent focal length parameter is used to represent the curvature of the spiral phase, and the azimuth coordinates are used to represent the polar angle of the coordinate information relative to the horizontal axis. Based on the azimuth coordinates and the azimuth coordinates after phase flipping, the angular modulation term of the left-handed circularly polarized light is constructed, and based on the spiral phase principal term and the angular modulation term of the left-handed circularly polarized light, the phase distribution model in the vertical direction is determined, wherein the phase distribution model in the vertical direction is used to determine the vertical one-dimensional edge filtering.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: In response to the one-dimensional edge filtering being the horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering, the one-dimensional edge enhancement operation is performed on the horizontal edge of the environmental object using the target optical device to obtain the optically enhanced edge in the horizontal direction; In response to the one-dimensional edge filtering being the vertical one-dimensional edge filtering, the optical device is used to perform the one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the vertical edge of the environmental object to obtain the optically enhanced edge in the vertical direction.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Based on the phase distribution model and the mapping model, the target optical device is constructed, including: The phase information is determined based on the phase distribution model. Based on the mapping model, the phase information, and the amplitude information, the size information and the angle information are determined; The target optical device is constructed based on the size information and the angle information.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The target direction includes both vertical and horizontal directions. Based on the phase distribution model, the phase information and amplitude information are determined, including: In response to the phase distribution model being the phase distribution model in the horizontal direction, the phase information and amplitude information required to realize the horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering are determined based on the phase distribution model in the horizontal direction, wherein the phase distribution model in the horizontal direction is used to realize the horizontal one-dimensional edge filtering; In response to the phase distribution model being the phase distribution model in the vertical direction, the phase information and amplitude information required to realize vertical one-dimensional edge filtering are determined based on the phase distribution model in the vertical direction, wherein the phase distribution model in the vertical direction is used to realize the vertical one-dimensional edge filtering; And / or, Obtaining the mapping model of the target optical device to be constructed includes: The mapping model is determined based on the preset imaging band and polarization state of the target optical device.

8. A method for determining a target optical device model, characterized in that, The target optical device model includes a silicon dioxide substrate and periodically arranged nanobrick units, and the method includes: Based on the one-dimensional edge enhancement function required by the target optical device to be constructed, the phase distribution model of the target optical device is determined, and the mapping model of the target optical device to be constructed is obtained. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function is used to indicate that the target optical device can perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the edge of at least one environmental object in the target direction of a vehicle's driving image without the aid of other optical devices. The phase distribution model is used to represent the phase and amplitude information required for the target optical device to achieve the one-dimensional edge enhancement operation. The mapping model is used to represent the correlation between the phase information, the amplitude information, and the size and angle information of the nano-brick units to be arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate. The phase information is used to represent the phase modulation requirements required by the target optical device, the amplitude information is used to represent the transmission response requirements required by the target optical device, and the size and angle information are used to represent the geometric configuration of the nano-brick units that enables the target optical device to meet the phase modulation and transmission response requirements. Based on the angle information and the size information, a target optical device model is constructed, wherein the target optical device model is used to verify whether the one-dimensional edge enhancement function of the target optical device meets the construction requirements and / or the deployment requirements of the vehicle.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The target direction includes a vertical direction and a horizontal direction, and the method further includes: Based on a spiral phase superposition strategy, a one-dimensional edge enhancement function for the target optical device model in the vertical direction and a one-dimensional edge enhancement function for the target optical device model in the horizontal direction are constructed. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the vertical direction is used to perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the vertical edge of the environmental object sample to obtain a vertical one-dimensional edge filter for the environmental object sample. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function in the horizontal direction is used to perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the horizontal edge of the environmental object sample to obtain a horizontal one-dimensional edge filter for the environmental object sample. The method further includes: In response to the successful verification of the target optical device model, a target optical device capable of being deployed on a vehicle is constructed based on the verified target optical device model. The target optical device is used to provide a one-dimensional edge enhancement function to the vehicle. The one-dimensional edge enhancement function is used to instruct the target optical device to perform a one-dimensional edge enhancement operation on the edge of at least one environmental object in the target direction in the driving image of the vehicle without the aid of other optical devices.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the target optical device constructed by the method of claim 1.

Images