A mine rock slope vegetation hole ecological restoration construction method

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of mine rock slope vegetation hole ecological restoration construction method, it is related to mine ecological restoration technical field, comprising: obtaining target vegetation mature period root system characteristic parameter, matching aperture expansion coefficient, obtain vegetation hole basic design aperture;Collect regional hydrogeological parameter, according to ratio constraint relationship calculation construction depth correction coefficient, combined with historical or adjacent area hole depth to complete initial depth correction, before construction, rock mass fracture characteristic parameter is collected, and comprehensive evaluation function is used to obtain comprehensive fracture index, mapping obtains water-retaining clay mineral layer laying thickness, to this correction basic aperture and correction construction depth, output vegetation hole final construction aperture and hole depth.The present application determines vegetation hole construction parameter by comprehensive vegetation root system characteristics, regional hydrogeological condition and rock mass fracture development characteristics, gives consideration to plant growth and rock mass water retention, optimizes aperture hole depth design, improves slope vegetation planting survival rate and overall implementation effect of ecological restoration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine ecological restoration technology, specifically a construction method for ecological restoration of rock slopes in mines using vegetation holes. Background Technology

[0002] Mining disturbances often lead to the complete destruction of the original soil structure on rock slopes, resulting in exposed rock, well-developed fissures, and extremely poor water and fertilizer retention capacity. This presents a significant challenge for mine ecological restoration. Planting through planting holes is currently the mainstream technology for ecological restoration of rock slopes. By drilling holes in the hard slope surface and filling them with planting substrate, it provides basic space for vegetation growth, effectively solving the problem of greening slopes without a soil layer. With its advantages of flexible construction, strong adaptability, and minimal disturbance, it is widely used in various mine slope revegetation projects. During the construction of planting holes, the hole diameter and depth directly affect the drilling difficulty, project cost, and vegetation growth and development. The rational selection of hole diameter and depth parameters plays a decisive role in construction quality and the effectiveness of slope ecological restoration.

[0003] In the prior art, Chinese patent CN117488834A discloses an ecological restoration system and method for steep rock slopes in mines. This technology includes: a fixed anchoring component, a vegetation component, a water storage and moisture retention component, a soil covering and reinforcement component, and a maintenance component. The fixed anchoring component is fixed to the rock mass of the slope; the vegetation component is suspended and installed on the outside of the fixed anchoring component; the water storage and moisture retention component is assembled at the bottom of the vegetation component; the soil covering and reinforcement component is filled inside the vegetation component; and the maintenance component is arranged at the top of the slope. This technology achieves rapid revegetation of rock slopes through a modular assembly structure, solves the problem of water shortage on the slope surface using a bottom water storage structure, adapts to the complex conditions of steep rock slopes, improves the overall stability of the slope and the vegetation establishment rate, and is applicable to various ecological restoration projects for exposed rock slopes in mines.

[0004] However, in actual use, the design adopts standardized parameters for the diameter and depth of the planting holes, without taking into account the root growth characteristics of the vegetation, regional hydrological conditions, and the state of rock fissures. The fixed hole diameter parameters cannot meet the root growth needs of different types of vegetation, which can easily lead to restricted root extension and hindered growth and development. Furthermore, the fixed hole depth parameters are difficult to match the water storage and retention needs of different regions. As a result, the design cannot meet the requirements of refined and differentiated ecological restoration of mine slopes, ultimately resulting in limited vegetation survival rate and slope restoration stability.

[0005] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for ecological restoration of rock slopes in mines using vegetation holes, addressing the problems mentioned in the background section. This invention collects core parameters such as root type and mature root bulb diameter, establishing a correspondence between root characteristics and vegetation hole diameter. It differentiates the hole diameter coefficients for taproots and fibrous roots, solving the root compression and growth restriction problems caused by traditional uniform hole diameters. Simultaneously, it quantifies hydrological and geological correction parameters based on regional drought duration, plant water requirements, and rock fissure conditions, adaptively optimizing the hole diameter and depth to improve problems such as insufficient slope water storage, fissure leakage, and uneven restoration effects. By optimizing the seepage prevention and water storage structure through a stepped clay water-retaining layer, it avoids the risk of vegetation death due to water shortage and reduces material waste. This invention achieves dynamic adaptation of construction parameters to vegetation, hydrological, and geological conditions, upgrading traditional experience-based design to a refined construction system, effectively improving vegetation survival rate and slope restoration stability, reducing construction costs, and shortening the construction period.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for ecological restoration of rock slopes in mines using vegetation holes includes the following steps: S1: Obtain the root morphology characteristic parameters of the target vegetation at the maturity stage. The root morphology characteristic parameters include the plant root type and the diameter of the root ball at the maturity stage. According to the preset root type-expansion coefficient mapping relationship, match and determine the pore size expansion coefficient corresponding to the target plant. Calculate and output the basic design pore size of the planting hole based on the pore size expansion coefficient and the diameter of the root ball at the maturity stage. S2: Obtain the hydrogeological characteristic parameters and foundation design aperture correction coefficient of the target construction area. The hydrogeological characteristic parameters include the local average drought duration and the average daily water requirement of the target plants. After performing dimensional normalization on each parameter, calculate and output the average construction depth correction coefficient according to the ratio constraint relationship between foundation aperture, drought duration and daily water requirement and aperture adjustment coefficient. S3: Collect historical construction depth records of completed planting holes within the target construction area. If there is no historical construction data, use the drilling depth of completed planting holes under similar lithological conditions in neighboring areas as a reference benchmark. Correct the average construction depth of the collected planting holes using the correction coefficient calculated and output in S2. S4: Before constructing the planting well points, collect rock strata and rock mass fracture development characteristic parameters in segments according to the preset points. The rock strata and rock mass fracture development characteristic parameters include fracture development density, fracture opening degree and groundwater seepage characteristics. Construct a comprehensive evaluation function for fracture development degree. Substitute the pre-processed rock strata and rock mass fracture development characteristic parameters into the comprehensive evaluation function to calculate and output the representative comprehensive fracture index of the planting well point location. S5: Establish a mapping relationship between the fracture index and the thickness of the water-retaining structure, substitute the comprehensive fracture index as an input variable into the mapping relationship, and output the design laying thickness of the water-retaining clay mineral layer that matches the current degree of fracture development. S6: Based on the designed paving thickness, correct the foundation design hole diameter and the corrected construction depth, and calculate and output the final construction hole diameter and construction hole depth of the planting hole.

[0008] Furthermore, the basic design aperture The calculation formula is: ; in: The aperture expansion factor; This refers to the diameter of the mature root bulb. The root system type-spreading coefficient mapping relationship is as follows: When the root system type is taproot, the pore size expansion coefficient The value range is 1.2 to 1.4; When the root system type is fibrous root system, the pore size expansion coefficient The value range is 1.5 to 1.8.

[0009] Further, step S3 involves collecting historical construction depth records of completed planting well points within the target construction area; when local historical construction data is unavailable, planting well point depth records from adjacent mature construction areas with the same lithology and slope conditions are selected as alternative benchmark data; and the collected depth records undergo preprocessing, including: The historical construction depth records were checked for completeness, outliers deviating from the mean by more than three standard deviations were removed, missing data were supplemented using the mean of adjacent boreholes, and the average construction depth of the planting boreholes was obtained by arithmetic mean calculation. .

[0010] Furthermore, the average construction depth correction factor The calculation formula is as follows: ; in: This is a correction factor for the average drought duration; d represents the average drought duration in the target area; This is the correction factor for average daily water demand; The average daily water requirement of the target plant; The aperture correction factor is based on the design.

[0011] Furthermore, correct the construction depth. The calculation formula is as follows: ; in: This represents the average construction depth of the planting holes.

[0012] Furthermore, the construction of the comprehensive evaluation function for the degree of fracture development mentioned in step S4: Several representative fixed-point sampling locations are pre-deployed in the target construction area. Each sampling location is segmented and tested according to a preset depth interval. The total parameters of the overall rock mass fracture development characteristics of each depth segment are collected. After removing abnormally high value segments that significantly deviate from the average trend of the borehole location, the total characteristic parameters collected in the same depth segment are evenly distributed to the individual sampling bodies at the corresponding depth. The average fracture characteristic parameters of each individual sample body are calculated. The average value of the data in the same depth segment is then substituted into the comprehensive evaluation function. Let the average fracture density be assigned a value. Let the average crack opening be assigned a score of 1. Let the average groundwater seepage indication score be 1. The three indicators are assigned scores, and the scoring rules are as follows: Crack density 0 lines: 0 points; 1-2 lines: 1 point; 3-5 lines with partial connection: 2 points; more than 5 lines or reticulate development: 3 points. Crack opening : Closed loop is worth 0 points, less than 1 mm is worth 1 point, 1-5 mm is worth 2 points, and greater than 5 mm is worth 3 points; Signs of groundwater seepage : Desiccant 0 points, Humidity meter 1 point, Drip meter 2 points, Flow meter 3 points.

[0013] Substitute the scores of the three indicators into the following comprehensive evaluation function to calculate the corresponding comprehensive fracture index: .

[0014] Furthermore, the mapping relationship between the fracture index and the thickness of the water-retaining structure in step S5 is specifically as follows: ; Clay laying thickness It is a piecewise function, based on the parameters Select the corresponding laying thickness based on the numerical range; The thickness reference values ​​are set for four progressively increasing clay water-retaining structures, among which... Crack index The larger the value, the more severe the water seepage in the rock mass fissures, and the larger the corresponding thickness reference value should be.

[0015] Furthermore, the thickness is laid according to the design. Basic design aperture Make corrections to obtain the effective borehole diameter for construction. The calculation formula is as follows: ; in This refers to the construction hole diameter.

[0016] Furthermore, the depth of the construction hole The calculation formula is: ; in This refers to the final drilling depth.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention establishes a quantitative mapping relationship between root characteristics and the basic pore size of planting holes by collecting core parameters such as the root system type and mature root bulb diameter of the target vegetation. It differentiates the pore size expansion coefficient for taproot and fibrous root systems, ensuring the pore size adapts to the vegetation's growth needs. This eliminates the root compression and growth restriction problems caused by traditional uniform pore sizes, improving the rationality of root growth space. Simultaneously, it introduces drought duration, daily water requirement of plants, and a comprehensive rock fracture index to quantify field conditions such as hydrological stress and rock fragmentation as correction variables. By adapting and adjusting the borehole diameter and depth, the technical challenges of poor water storage, fissure leakage, and uneven repair effects on rock slopes are effectively solved. In addition, the step-type clay water-retaining layer matching mechanism standardizes the seepage prevention structure, avoids the risk of vegetation dying due to water shortage, eliminates material and construction redundancy, and the construction parameters are precisely and dynamically adapted to the strata, hydrology, and vegetation conditions, which greatly improves the survival rate of slope vegetation and the stability of repair, reduces construction costs, and shortens the construction period. This upgrades the traditional static experience-based repair design to a scientific and refined dynamic adaptation construction system. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a construction method for ecological restoration of rocky slopes in mines using vegetation holes, according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0020] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0021] Example: Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for ecological restoration of rock slopes in mines using vegetation holes includes the following steps: S1: Obtain the root morphology characteristic parameters of the target vegetation at the maturity stage. The root morphology characteristic parameters include the plant root type and the diameter of the root ball at the maturity stage. According to the preset root type-expansion coefficient mapping relationship, match and determine the pore expansion coefficient corresponding to the target plant. Calculate and output the basic design pore diameter of the planting pore point based on the pore expansion coefficient and the diameter of the root ball at the maturity stage. Basic design aperture The calculation formula is: ; in: The aperture expansion factor; This refers to the diameter of the mature root bulb. Basic design aperture diameter of the root bulb at maturity Both the expansion coefficient k1 and the expansion coefficient k1 have a strictly positive linear relationship, which is to provide sufficient lateral extension space for the later growth of the root system and avoid mechanical stress on the root tip meristem by the hard rock wall. The design logic of this formula follows the principle of "reserving growth margin" - if the hole diameter is designed to be the same as the root ball diameter, the root system will deflect, coil or even die at the root tip once it comes into contact with the rock wall, which will seriously affect the anchoring ability of the plant and the efficiency of water and nutrient absorption. After introducing the expansion coefficient k1, a buffer zone is formed between the hole wall and the outer edge of the root ball, which not only reserves 1 to 2 years of expansion space for the radial growth of the root system, but also prevents the number of planting holes per unit slope area from being sharply reduced and the overall green coverage rate from being insufficient due to the hole diameter being too large.

[0022] The root system type-expansion coefficient mapping relationship is as follows: When the root system type is taproot, the pore size expansion coefficient The value range is 1.2 to 1.4; when the root system type is fibrous root system, the pore size expansion coefficient is... The value range is 1.5 to 1.8.

[0023] The target vegetation was judged to be mature by the criteria of natural flowering and fruiting for three consecutive years, at which point the root biomass was basically stable. Root systems are classified using morphological anatomy: A standard plant is selected, and a standard cross-section is excavated 1.5m radially from the main trunk. A large, vertically downward-pointing taproot with a diameter more than three times that of the lateral roots indicates a taproot system. A fibrous root system lacks a prominent taproot, has roots of similar thickness, and forms a network. Taproot plants (such as black locust, ailanthus, and paper mulberry trees, or deep-rooted shrubs) have well-developed taproots with strong penetrating power, thus their need for lateral space is relatively limited, resulting in a lower k1 value. Fibrous root plants (such as Amorpha fruticosa, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Bermuda grass) have a network-like root system with a large lateral extension but weak longitudinal penetration, requiring a larger pore size expansion ratio to accommodate the dense lateral root network; therefore, a higher k1 value is chosen. In practical engineering selection, if the target vegetation is a mixed taproot-fibrous root system, k1 should be selected according to the upper limit value corresponding to the fibrous root system to ensure that species with the greatest need for lateral extension receive sufficient space.

[0024] S2: Obtain the hydrogeological characteristic parameters and foundation design aperture correction coefficient of the target construction area. The hydrogeological characteristic parameters include the local average drought duration and the average daily water requirement of the target plants. After performing dimensional normalization on each parameter, calculate and output the average construction depth correction coefficient according to the ratio constraint relationship between foundation aperture, drought duration and daily water requirement and aperture adjustment coefficient. In the specific data collection for this step, the local average drought duration *d* should be based on the hydrological and water resources bulletin of the administrative region where the target construction area is located or the publicly available evaporation / precipitation observation sequence from the meteorological bureau. The arithmetic mean of the number of consecutive days without effective precipitation over the past 10-30 years should be selected, excluding abnormal years caused by extreme climate events, to ensure that the *d* value reflects the normal drought stress level. The determination of the average daily water requirement *l* of the target plants uses the results of water consumption tests of similar varieties in the same rocky habitat. Specifically, a suitable number of healthy plants of the same age as the target plants can be selected outside the construction area, and the daily sap flow rate can be continuously monitored throughout the growing season using a thermal pulse stem flow meter. This rate is then converted into the average daily transpiration per unit canopy area based on the leaf area index. Finally, the average value of each monitored object is taken as the design basis *l*, and the basic design aperture correction coefficient is used. This is an adjustment item based on engineering experience. Its physical significance lies in correcting the influence of orifice size on the effectiveness of water storage at the bottom of the orifice—the larger the orifice size, the more abundant the water storage space on the sidewall, and the less dependent it is on depth. The optimal value was determined by setting up three test wells with different aperture gradients before formal construction, measuring the change curve of matrix water content in the wells after a drought cycle, and then using nonlinear regression fitting to find the value most suitable for the lithology of this mining area. value.

[0025] Average construction depth correction factor The calculation formula is as follows: ; in: This is the average construction depth correction factor (a value greater than 1 indicates that the construction depth needs to be increased based on the historical average depth, while a value less than 1 indicates that the depth can be appropriately reduced). This is the average drought duration correction factor, reflecting the marginal contribution of a unit drought duration to increasing the borehole depth; d represents the average drought duration in the target region, and d is the numerator. Increasing d increases the numerator. The linear increase leads to a greater correction depth. Directly darken; This is the correction factor for average daily water demand; The average daily water requirement of the target plant; The aperture correction factor is based on the design and represents the efficiency of reducing depth requirements by increasing aperture size.

[0026] when When the denominator increases, linearly increasing, The depth decreases in an inverse proportional curve. Under the premise of keeping the effective water storage volume in the hole constant, the depth can be reduced by a certain proportion for every certain proportion of the hole diameter. The two are established through the γ coefficient to establish a quantitative conversion bridge, which can find the optimal balance between construction difficulty (the larger the hole diameter, the more difficult the drilling) and material consumption (the deeper the hole, the higher the drilling cost).

[0027] S3: Collect historical construction depth records of completed planting holes within the target construction area. If there is no historical construction data, use the drilling depth of completed planting holes under similar lithological conditions in neighboring areas as a reference benchmark. Correct the average construction depth of the collected planting holes using the correction coefficient calculated and output in S2. In step S3, the scope of historical data collection should cover the internal completion data of all similar ecological restoration projects in the target mining area within the past 5 to 8 years. Abnormal hole completion records caused by mechanical stuck drills, stratum collapse, or design changes should be excluded. If this is the first time vegetation hole restoration has been carried out in this mining area, the selection criteria for "neighboring areas" need to be specified: the straight-line distance between the neighboring area and the target area should not exceed 20km, the stratum lithology combination (such as both being Cretaceous silty mudstone interbedded with thin layers of calcareous cemented conglomerate) and the degree of weathering should be consistent, and the difference in slope gradient, aspect, and height should not exceed 15% to ensure the transferability of reference data.

[0028] The collected depth records underwent systematic preprocessing, including: verifying the completeness of historical construction depth records and removing outliers that deviated from the mean by more than three standard deviations (this criterion is based on the Laida criterion and can effectively filter extreme values ​​caused by local boulders, karst caves, or recording errors); using the mean of neighboring boreholes to complete missing data; and calculating the average construction depth of the vegetation boreholes using an arithmetic mean. When filling in missing data, the selection radius of adjacent boreholes should not exceed 50m, and borehole data from the same slope and the same stratum should be used for interpolation to avoid systematic deviations caused by crossing geomorphic units or strata.

[0029] Correct construction depth The calculation formula is as follows: ; in: This represents the average construction depth of the planting holes.

[0030] Correct construction depth Based on benchmark experience depth With correction factor Both are positive contributing variables, and they are independent of each other and complementary.

[0031] when When =1.0, Equivalent to the historical average depth, indicating that the overall influencing factors of current climate and vegetation conditions are consistent with historical vegetation conditions, requiring no adjustment; when >1.0 (e.g., in drought-prone mining areas or when using high-transpiration plants). The increase is proportional to the historical depth, directly reflecting the additional rigid demand for water storage capacity due to environmental stress; when 0 < <1.0 (e.g., if native drought-resistant dwarf grass species are selected or the region has abundant rainfall). This can be reduced year-on-year, which helps control construction budgets and shorten construction periods.

[0032] S4: Before constructing the planting well points, collect the characteristic parameters of rock strata and rock mass fracture development in segments according to the preset points. The characteristic parameters of rock strata and rock mass fracture development include fracture development density, fracture opening degree and groundwater seepage characteristics. Construct a comprehensive evaluation function for fracture development degree. Substitute the pre-processed characteristic parameters of rock strata and rock mass fracture development into the comprehensive evaluation function to calculate and output the representative comprehensive fracture index of the planting well point location. Construction of the comprehensive evaluation function for fracture development degree in step S4: Several representative fixed-point sampling locations should be pre-deployed in the target construction area. The density of the sampling locations should meet the requirement of having no less than 2 sampling holes per 100m² of slope projection area, and should cover different micro-geomorphic units such as the hilltop walkway, the middle of the slope, and the slag heap area at the foot of the slope, so as to fully capture the spatial heterogeneity of fracture development. According to the preset depth interval (generally 0.5m or 1.0m, depending on the length of a single core sampling), each sampling point is segmented for detection. The total parameters of the overall rock mass fracture development characteristics of each depth segment are collected. After removing abnormally high value segments that significantly deviate from the average trend of the borehole location (abnormally high value segments are usually defined as locally fractured interlayers with fracture density exceeding 2.5 times the average density of the borehole or aperture exceeding 3 times the average value. Such segments are often tectonic stress concentration zones and do not have full borehole representativeness), the total characteristic parameters collected in the same depth segment are evenly distributed to the individual sampling bodies at the corresponding depth (i.e., the total number of fractures and the cumulative value of total aperture are evenly distributed according to the length of the segment to obtain the average parameter per unit length meter). The average fracture characteristic parameters of each individual sample body are calculated, and the average value of the data in the same depth segment is substituted into the comprehensive evaluation function. Let the average fracture density be assigned a value. Let the average crack opening be assigned a score of 1. Let the average groundwater seepage indication score be 1. The three indicators are assigned scores, and the scoring rules are as follows: Crack density 0 lines: 0 points; 1-2 lines: 1 point; 3-5 lines with partial connection: 2 points; more than 5 lines or reticulate development: 3 points. Crack opening : Closed loop is worth 0 points, less than 1 mm is worth 1 point, 1-5 mm is worth 2 points, and greater than 5 mm is worth 3 points; Signs of groundwater seepage : Desiccant 0 points, Humidity meter 1 point, Drip meter 2 points, Flow meter 3 points.

[0033] Substitute the scores of the three indicators into the following comprehensive evaluation function to calculate the corresponding comprehensive fracture index: .

[0034] The comprehensive fracture index The construction follows the principle of "equal-weight linear positive superposition": , , Each contributes independently; an increase in any one indicator will lead to... The same values ​​increase positively without weighting or scaling to maintain the transparency and verifiability of the evaluation process. The core reason for the equal weight design is that the three indicators reflect the leakage risk of the rock mass from different dimensions: density represents the number of leakage channels, opening represents the cross-sectional size of the leakage channels, and seepage signs represent the actual state of leakage. All three are indispensable and it is difficult to determine which is more important. Equal weighting simplifies engineering applications and avoids disputes caused by subjective weighting.

[0035] The positive drive in three directions enables It can sensitively detect subtle deterioration of rock mass integrity, ensuring that seepage prevention design always follows the actual risk of fracture development.

[0036] If the sum of the three scores reaches the upper limit of 9, it indicates that the rock mass is in an extreme working condition with severe water inrush. It can no longer rise, at this point Pick The upper limit is no longer increased, thus avoiding the economic irrationality of an infinitely thick design.

[0037] S5: Establish the mapping relationship between the fracture index and the thickness of the water-retaining structure, substitute the comprehensive fracture index as the input variable into the mapping relationship, and output the design laying thickness of the water-retaining clay mineral layer that matches the current degree of fracture development. The mapping relationship between the fracture index and the thickness of the water-retaining structure in step S5 is as follows: ; Clay laying thickness It is a piecewise function, based on the parameters Select the corresponding laying thickness based on the numerical range; The thickness reference values ​​are set for four progressively increasing clay water-retaining structures, among which... Crack index The larger the value, the more severe the water seepage in the rock mass fissures, and the larger the corresponding thickness reference value should be.

[0038] The theoretical derivation of this mapping relationship is based on a large number of indoor permeability model tests of fractured rock masses: by laying a mixed layer of sodium-based bentonite and red clay of different thicknesses on prefabricated rock block specimens with different combinations of fracture density and aperture, the stable leakage rate is determined under constant water head conditions.

[0039] Clay laying thickness It is a piecewise function, based on the parameters The numerical range corresponds to the laying thickness, and the input-output relationship of this piecewise function clearly presents a positive stepwise mapping: with the comprehensive fracture index... Crossing from the lower range to the higher range, It exhibits discontinuous positive step transitions, with each step corresponding to a rigid increase in the design defense level. This stepped design eliminates the fuzzy transitions that linear continuous functions may cause, enabling engineers to make decisions based on... The integer range allows for quick and unambiguous selection of construction thickness, meeting the requirements for operability and quality control in on-site construction.

[0040] S6: Correct the design hole diameter and the corrected construction depth of the foundation according to the designed paving thickness, and calculate and output the final construction hole diameter and construction hole depth of the planting hole.

[0041] According to the designed laying thickness Basic design aperture Make corrections to obtain the effective borehole diameter for construction. The calculation formula is as follows: ; in This refers to the construction hole diameter.

[0042] The aperture correction formula reflects a strictly positive doubling linear driving relationship: Follow The increase is proportional to the increase in thickness, and a doubling of the increase means that for every unit increase in the thickness of the clay layer, the total pore diameter needs to be increased by two equal thicknesses. The geometric source of this "double" factor is that the clay water-retaining layer must form a complete closed loop around the pore wall, that is, occupying one loop on each side of the pore wall, both inside and outside. Thickness is crucial; if the thickness is increased only on one side, it will lead to eccentricity of the clay layer and failure of seepage prevention.

[0043] Construction hole depth The calculation formula is: ; in This refers to the final drilling depth.

[0044] The depth correction formula presents a positive linear additive driving relationship: From the correction depth With clay laying thickness Direct summation shows that both contribute positively, with no inverse or negative adjustment factors. The physical essence of this additive relationship lies in the fact that the bottom horizontal clay waterproof cushion layer and the sidewall clay ring transition continuously at the bottom corner of the borehole. The bottom cushion layer needs to occupy a certain vertical space. If the total borehole depth does not increase accordingly... This will compress the net height of the effective root growth zone, resulting in an actual water storage volume smaller than designed. Specifically, the bottom horizontal cushion layer plays a crucial role in blocking the longitudinal seepage of fissure water and preventing water from escaping into deeper rock masses; its thickness directly corresponds to... The sidewall rings are responsible for preventing water from seeping laterally along the contact zone between the borehole wall and the backfill substrate. This requires that the thickness of the bottom bedding layer be guaranteed equally in the vertical direction. If clay is only laid on the sidewalls without increasing the depth of the borehole bottom, it will not only squeeze the root growth space, but also lead to the absence or insufficient thickness of the bottom bedding layer, resulting in a weak seepage barrier at the bottom of the entire water-retaining structure. Groundwater or irrigation water can still seep downwards through the cracks at the bottom of the borehole, thus defeating the original purpose of the water-retaining design.

[0045] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulation using a large amount of collected data and are the closest to the real situation. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0046] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0047] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0048] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of rock slopes in mines using vegetation holes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Obtain the root morphology characteristic parameters of the target vegetation at the maturity stage. The root morphology characteristic parameters include the plant root type and the diameter of the root ball at the maturity stage. According to the preset root type-expansion coefficient mapping relationship, match and determine the pore size expansion coefficient corresponding to the target plant. Calculate and output the basic design pore size of the planting hole based on the pore size expansion coefficient and the diameter of the root ball at the maturity stage. S2: Obtain the hydrogeological characteristic parameters and foundation design aperture correction coefficient of the target construction area. The hydrogeological characteristic parameters include the local average drought duration and the average daily water requirement of the target plants. After performing dimensional normalization on each parameter, calculate and output the average construction depth correction coefficient according to the ratio constraint relationship between foundation aperture, drought duration and daily water requirement and aperture adjustment coefficient. S3: Collect historical construction depth records of completed planting holes within the target construction area. If there is no historical construction data, use the drilling depth of completed planting holes under similar lithological conditions in neighboring areas as a reference benchmark. Correct the average construction depth of the collected planting holes using the correction coefficient calculated and output in S2. S4: Before constructing the planting well points, collect rock strata and rock mass fracture development characteristic parameters in segments according to the preset points. The rock strata and rock mass fracture development characteristic parameters include fracture development density, fracture opening degree and groundwater seepage characteristics. Construct a comprehensive evaluation function for fracture development degree. Substitute the pre-processed rock strata and rock mass fracture development characteristic parameters into the comprehensive evaluation function to calculate and output the representative comprehensive fracture index of the planting well point location. S5: Establish a mapping relationship between the fracture index and the thickness of the water-retaining structure, substitute the comprehensive fracture index as an input variable into the mapping relationship, and output the design laying thickness of the water-retaining clay mineral layer that matches the current degree of fracture development. S6: Based on the designed paving thickness, correct the foundation design hole diameter and the corrected construction depth, and calculate and output the final construction hole diameter and construction hole depth of the planting hole.

2. The method for ecological restoration of rock slopes in mines using vegetation holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic design aperture The calculation formula is: ； in: The aperture expansion factor; This refers to the diameter of the mature root bulb. The root system type-spreading coefficient mapping relationship is as follows: When the root system type is taproot, the pore size expansion coefficient The value range is 1.2 to 1.4; When the root system type is fibrous root system, the pore size expansion coefficient The value range is 1.5 to 1.

8.

3. The method for ecological restoration of rock slopes in mines using vegetation holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3: Collect historical construction depth records of completed planting holes within the target construction area; when there is no local historical construction data, select the planting hole depth records of adjacent mature construction areas with the same lithology and slope conditions as alternative benchmark data. The acquired depth records are preprocessed, including: The historical construction depth records were checked for completeness, outliers deviating from the mean by more than three standard deviations were removed, missing data were supplemented using the mean of adjacent boreholes, and the average construction depth of the planting boreholes was obtained by arithmetic mean calculation. .

4. The method for ecological restoration of rocky slopes in mines using vegetation holes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The average construction depth correction factor The calculation formula is as follows: ； in: This is a correction factor for the average construction depth; This is a correction factor for the average drought duration; d represents the average drought duration in the target area; This is the correction factor for average daily water demand; The average daily water requirement of the target plant; The aperture correction factor is based on the design.

5. The method for ecological restoration of mine rock slopes using vegetation holes according to claim 4, characterized in that: Correct construction depth The calculation formula is as follows: ； in: This represents the average construction depth of the planting holes.

6. The construction method for ecological restoration of rock slopes in mines using vegetation holes according to claim 5, characterized in that: Construction of the comprehensive evaluation function for the degree of fracture development mentioned in step S4: Several representative fixed-point sampling locations are pre-deployed in the target construction area. Each sampling location is segmented and tested according to a preset depth interval. The total parameters of the overall rock mass fracture development characteristics of each depth segment are collected. After removing abnormally high value segments that significantly deviate from the average trend of the borehole location, the total characteristic parameters collected in the same depth segment are evenly distributed to the individual sampling bodies at the corresponding depth. The average fracture characteristic parameters of each individual sample body are calculated. The average value of the data in the same depth segment is then substituted into the comprehensive evaluation function. Let the average fracture density be assigned a value. Let the average crack opening be assigned a score of 1. Let the average groundwater seepage indication score be 1. The three indicators are assigned scores, and the scoring rules are as follows: Crack density 0 lines: 0 points; 1-2 lines: 1 point; 3-5 lines with partial connection: 2 points; more than 5 lines or reticulate development: 3 points. Crack opening : Closed loop is worth 0 points, less than 1 mm is worth 1 point, 1-5 mm is worth 2 points, and greater than 5 mm is worth 3 points; Signs of groundwater seepage : Desiccant 0 points, Humidity meter 1 point, Drip meter 2 points, Flow meter 3 points.

7. The method for ecological restoration of rock slopes in mines using vegetation holes according to claim 6, characterized in that: The calculation of the comprehensive fracture index, which describes the degree of fracture development, in step S4: Substitute the scores of the three indicators into the following comprehensive evaluation function to calculate the corresponding comprehensive fracture index: 。 8. The method for ecological restoration of rock slopes in mines using vegetation holes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mapping relationship between the fracture index and the thickness of the water-retaining structure in step S5 is as follows: ； Clay laying thickness It is a piecewise function, based on the parameters Select the corresponding laying thickness based on the numerical range; The thickness reference values ​​are set for four progressively increasing clay water-retaining structures, among which... Crack index The larger the value, the more severe the water seepage in the rock mass fissures, and the larger the corresponding thickness reference value should be.

9. The method for ecological restoration of rock slopes in mines using vegetation holes according to claim 8, characterized in that: According to the designed laying thickness Basic design aperture Make corrections to obtain the effective borehole diameter for construction. The calculation formula is as follows: ； in This refers to the construction hole diameter.

10. A method for ecological restoration of mine rock slopes using vegetation holes according to claim 8, characterized in that: The depth of the construction hole The calculation formula is: ； in This refers to the final drilling depth.

Images