Tunnel blasting initiation sequence optimization method and system based on maximum single charge amount
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611467579.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-09-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-27
Smart Images
Figure CN122987418A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of data processing and optimization decision-making technology, specifically to a method and system for optimizing the detonation sequence of tunnel blasting based on the maximum single-explosive charge. Background Technology
[0002] Drill-and-blast method is currently the most important and commonly used method in tunnel excavation and construction, with significant advantages such as high construction efficiency, strong adaptability, and relatively low cost. However, blasting vibrations are inevitably generated during tunnel blasting, which adversely affect surrounding buildings, existing tunnel structures, and the stability of the surrounding rock. As tunnel projects increasingly extend into densely populated urban areas, areas close to existing buildings, and areas with complex geological conditions, blasting vibration control has become a key technical challenge restricting the construction of tunnels using the drill-and-blast method.
[0003] In tunnel blasting vibration control, the maximum single-shot charge is the most critical and directly controllable parameter. Extensive engineering practice and research have shown that reducing the single-shot charge is the most direct and effective method for reducing blasting vibration. During drill-and-blast design, the maximum allowable charge per section is typically calculated based on the permissible blasting vibration velocity requirements of the protected object, and a reasonable segmentation design is then carried out accordingly. The calculation of the maximum single-shot charge is generally based on the Sadovsky empirical formula. Site coefficients and attenuation exponents are determined through regression analysis of on-site blasting vibration monitoring data, and then the maximum single-shot charge under a given vibration velocity limit is calculated.
[0004] The detonation sequence is another key factor affecting blasting effectiveness and blasting vibration. A reasonable detonation sequence can not only improve rock breaking effect and increase borehole utilization, but also effectively control the vibration superposition effect by optimizing the detonation timing of each stage. In engineering practice, boreholes are usually divided into three types according to their spatial position and function on the working face: slotting holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes. During detonation within a group, each type follows its own sequencing experience—slotting holes are detonated from bottom to top to create an initial free surface; auxiliary holes are detonated from the top center to the sides and bottom to utilize gravity collapse; and peripheral holes are detonated last from top to bottom to control the contour shaping. These sequencing experiences based on borehole type, categorized by region and level, have been verified by long-term engineering practice. With the continuous development and popularization of digital electronic detonator technology, electronic detonators, with their high-precision and adjustable delay characteristics, provide new technical means for the refined design of blasting networks. The sequential detonation and single-hole single-shot technology based on electronic detonators can more flexibly control the charge amount per shot, effectively reducing blasting vibration.
[0005] In existing drill-and-blast designs, the maximum single-shot charge is typically used as an independent "safety check" step before or after the detonation sequence is determined. This means that the detonation network is designed based on experience first, and then the charge for each segment is calculated for vibration verification; or only the maximum permissible charge for a single segment is calculated, and this is directly used as the upper limit threshold for segmentation, but the segmentation is still based on empirical classification. This "sequence first, charge calculation later" or "only total threshold calculated, not optimal sequence" approach means that the maximum single-shot charge only plays a "threshold" role, failing to use it as a core constraint in the overall optimization of the detonation sequence design and thus lacking a precise basis for vibration control in the detonation sequence design.
[0006] Traditional detonation sequence design, while zoning within groups according to borehole type (cut holes, auxiliary holes, peripheral holes), still relies heavily on manual experience for group division and borehole group assignment. It fails to adequately consider the specific spatial coordinates of each borehole and their distance from the protected object, nor does it incorporate differences in charge per borehole into the optimization decision-making process. Even boreholes with the same charge per borehole can have drastically different vibration impacts on the protected object depending on their spatial location. According to the Sadovsky formula, the distance between the borehole and the protected object has a non-linear effect on the maximum single-shot charge: the closer the distance, the exponentially decreasing the allowable single-shot charge. Existing methods, relying on experience to simply classify and segment boreholes, easily lead to boreholes closer to the protected object being assigned to high-charge segments, causing local vibration exceeding limits; while boreholes farther from the protected object may be assigned to low-charge segments, wasting vibration redundancy capacity. Meanwhile, the actual differences in the charge amount of each individual hole were not differentiated, and similar holes were simply grouped into sections, ignoring the direct impact of the charge amount of each hole on the total charge amount of the section.
[0007] While some existing technologies involve symmetrical detonation designs with the tunnel centerline as the axis of symmetry, or adopt spatial sequence principles such as "from inside to outside" or "from bottom to top," they fail to organically coordinate symmetrical detonation strategies with spatial sequence optimization based on the maximum single-shot charge. For example, the grouping of symmetrical detonations is based solely on geometric symmetry, without considering whether the combined single-shot charge of two symmetrical boreholes exceeds the limit due to differences in distance from the protected object; the "bottom-up" sequence is directly adopted as an empirical rule without verifying from a vibration control perspective whether the cumulative charge of each segment under this sequence meets the stringent constraint of the maximum single-shot charge. The lack of a collaborative optimization design with the maximum single-shot charge as the common objective function prevents the full realization of the vibration reduction potential of symmetry and sequence.
[0008] Furthermore, current methods for determining the detonation sequence between groups and the grouping of boreholes are mostly based on empirical approaches, lacking a systematic optimization method based on a calculation model for the maximum single-shot charge. When the number of boreholes is large and their spatial distribution is complex, relying on manual trial and error is not only inefficient but also prone to getting stuck in local feasible solutions, failing to approach the global optimum. Even if a feasible solution is found, it is difficult to prove the rationality and optimality of its ordering, lacking a systematic and reproducible mathematical model and algorithmic flow as support. Some patents have disclosed intelligent blasting design systems for tunnels, but the determination of their detonation sequence is still based on the borehole type of peripheral holes, cut holes, and other holes, without involving a refined sorting algorithm based on the spatial coordinates of the boreholes and the charge per hole. Summary of the Invention
[0009] To address the technical problems mentioned above, such as the disconnect between the calculation of the maximum single-shot charge and the determination of the detonation sequence, the underutilization of the difference between the spatial coordinates of the borehole and the charge per borehole, and the lack of coordination between symmetrical detonation and spatial sequence optimization, this invention provides a method and system for optimizing the detonation sequence of tunnel blasting based on the maximum single-shot charge.
[0010] The specific details of the invention are as follows: A method for optimizing the detonation sequence of tunnel blasting based on the maximum single-explosive charge includes the following steps: (1) Obtain the spatial coordinates of all blast holes on the tunnel face, the amount of explosive charge per blast hole, and the total number of blast holes. (2) Determine the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value based on the permissible velocity of blasting vibration of the protected object and the site coefficient and attenuation index obtained through regression analysis of field monitoring data; (3) Using the central axis of the tunnel face as the axis of symmetry, the blast holes are paired symmetrically on the left and right according to the transverse coordinates of each blast hole to form several symmetrical blast hole pairs. (4) Sort each pair of symmetrical boreholes in order of vertical coordinate from low to high, and use the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value as the upper limit threshold of the cumulative charge of each group, and then assign the sorted pairs of symmetrical boreholes to the detonation group in sequence. (5) According to the division order of the detonation groups, and within each group, the global detonation sequence scheme is generated in the order of bottom to top of the slotted holes, top to middle of the auxiliary holes, then to both sides and finally to the bottom middle of the auxiliary holes, and top to bottom of the peripheral holes.
[0011] Specifically, the spatial coordinates are in three-dimensional coordinate form, where the first coordinate axis is the tunnel axis direction, the second coordinate axis is the horizontal direction of the tunnel face, and the third coordinate axis is the vertical direction; with the tunnel centerline as the reference, the coordinates of each blast hole in the second coordinate axis direction are converted into a lateral offset relative to the tunnel centerline.
[0012] Specifically, the steps for determining the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value include: based on the distance between each borehole and the protected object, as well as the safe allowable speed, site coefficient, and attenuation index, calculating the maximum allowable single-shot charge for each borehole when detonated individually using the Sadovsky formula, and then taking the minimum value among all the maximum allowable single-shot charges for all boreholes as the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value.
[0013] Specifically, the left-right symmetrical pairing includes: Convert the lateral coordinates of each borehole to the offset relative to the central axis and record the side of each borehole. According to the order of offset from smallest to largest, two boreholes with the same or similar offset and located on opposite sides of the central axis are paired as a symmetrical borehole pair; The boreholes located on the central axis are marked separately as central axis boreholes.
[0014] Specifically, the steps for sequentially assigning the sorted symmetrical borehole pairs to the detonation groups include: Extract symmetrical borehole pairs one by one according to the sorting order, and calculate the sum of the charges for the current symmetrical borehole pair; Determine whether the sum of the accumulated charge of the current detonation group and the charge of the current symmetrical borehole pair exceeds the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value. If the number of holes does not exceed the limit, the current symmetrical borehole pair will be added to the current detonation group and the cumulative charge will be updated. If the number of detonation groups exceeds the limit, the current detonation group will be closed and a new detonation group will be created, and the current symmetrical borehole pairs will be assigned to the new detonation group.
[0015] Specifically, within each detonation group, the detonation sequence is determined according to the following order: slotted holes from bottom to top, auxiliary holes from top to middle to both sides and finally bottom to middle, and peripheral holes from top to bottom.
[0016] Specifically, for unpaired boreholes that cannot be paired and boreholes marked as central axis boreholes, they are either merged into the pre-divided detonation groups or formed into separate groups according to their vertical coordinates from low to high, and it is ensured that the cumulative charge of the group after merging does not exceed the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value.
[0017] Specifically, after generating the global detonation sequence scheme, the cumulative charge of each detonation group is checked one by one to see if it is greater than the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value. If the cumulative charge of all detonation groups is not greater than the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value, the global detonation sequence scheme is determined to be valid.
[0018] Specifically, the generated global detonation sequence scheme includes the detonation group number of each borehole, the detonation sequence number within the group, and a list of the cumulative charge and borehole numbers for each group; according to the global detonation sequence scheme, a corresponding delay time is allocated to each borehole to form a detonation network.
[0019] This invention also provides a tunnel blasting detonation sequence optimization system based on the maximum single-explosive charge, comprising: The data input module is used to obtain the spatial coordinates of all blast holes on the tunnel face, the amount of explosive charge per hole, and the total number of blast holes. The constraint calculation module is used to determine the global maximum single-explosive charge constraint value based on the safe allowable velocity of blasting vibration of the protected object and the site coefficient and attenuation index obtained through regression analysis of field monitoring data. The symmetry pairing module is used to pair each blast hole symmetrically with the central axis of the tunnel face as the axis of symmetry and according to the lateral coordinates of each blast hole, forming several symmetrical blast hole pairs. The grouping and sorting module is used to sort the symmetrical borehole pairs according to the average vertical coordinate from low to high, and to use the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value as the upper limit threshold of the cumulative charge in each group. The sorted symmetrical borehole pairs are then assigned to each detonation group in sequence, so that the cumulative charge in each group does not exceed the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value. Within each detonation group, the detonation order is determined according to the borehole type. The borehole type is pre-marked according to the spatial position of each borehole on the working face, including slotting holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes. The detonation order within the group is as follows: slotting holes from bottom to top, auxiliary holes from top middle to both sides and finally bottom middle, and peripheral holes from top to bottom. The scheme output module is used to generate and output a global detonation sequence scheme according to the division order of the detonation groups and the detonation sequence within the groups. The global detonation sequence scheme includes the detonation group number of each borehole, the detonation sequence number within the group, the cumulative charge amount of each group, and a list of borehole numbers. The data output module is used to convert the global detonation sequence scheme into detonation network parameters that can be recognized by the electronic detonator detonation system. The detonation network parameters include the address code and delay time setting value of each detonator. The scheme verification module is used to check whether the cumulative charge of each detonation group is greater than the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value after the global detonation sequence scheme is generated. If the cumulative charge of all detonation groups is not greater than the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value, the scheme is determined to be valid. If any cumulative charge is greater than the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value, an early warning signal is issued.
[0020] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: This invention directly embeds the calculation model of the maximum single-shot charge into the optimization generation process of the detonation sequence. It uses the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value obtained based on the Sadovsky formula and regression of field monitoring data as a hard upper limit for the cumulative charge of each group. This elevates the maximum single-shot charge from a "post-verification" parameter to a "pre-constraint" throughout the entire sequencing process, achieving integrated collaborative design of detonation sequence and vibration control. This ensures that the generated detonation scheme naturally meets vibration safety requirements, eliminating the need for passive post-processing modifications. Simultaneously, this invention uses the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of each borehole and the actual charge amount of each borehole as basic input parameters. Through a left-right symmetrical pairing strategy based on the tunnel's central axis, symmetrical boreholes are detonated in the same group to form a spatially symmetrical distribution of vibration waves. Combined with a strategy of sorting by borehole type within the group to balance rock-breaking effect and contour forming quality, this invention achieves deep collaboration between symmetrical pairing, inter-group sorting by elevation, and intra-group sorting by borehole type under the same maximum single-shot charge constraint, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing technologies where the two strategies are mutually isolated. Furthermore, this invention employs a greedy grouping algorithm that allocates cumulative charge in groups, ensuring that the cumulative charge in each group satisfies the global constraint value while minimizing the number of detonation groups. It also provides a complete and reproducible algorithm flow from data acquisition, symmetrical pairing, constraint grouping to intra-group sorting. It can stably and efficiently generate detonation sequences that satisfy constraints according to a unified optimization rule for any number of blast holes and any complex spatial distribution, so that the determination of the detonation sequence no longer depends on human experience and trial and error, and effectively controls the impact of blasting vibration on the surrounding environment. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for optimizing the detonation sequence of tunnel blasting based on the maximum single-explosive charge according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a fitting curve of the on-site blasting vibration monitoring data and the vibration velocity attenuation model in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the single-effect drug dosage limit and control value of the protected object in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a bar chart comparing the single-shot charge amount of each detonation group before and after optimization in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the optimized arrangement of the blast hole initiation sequence at the tunnel face according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0022] The following embodiments illustrate the present invention in detail. In the description of these embodiments, specific details such as particular system structures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail. Example 1
[0023] Reference Appendix Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for optimizing the detonation sequence of tunnel blasting based on the maximum single-explosive charge, including the following steps.
[0024] Step 1: Obtain basic data.
[0025] Obtain basic information on all blast holes on the tunnel face, including the spatial coordinates of each hole, the charge per hole, and the total number of blast holes. The spatial coordinates are preferably in three-dimensional coordinate form. ,in The axial direction is the direction of the tunnel axis, i.e., the direction of the normal to the tunnel face. The axial direction is the horizontal direction of the working face, i.e., the transverse direction. The axis direction is vertical, i.e., the elevation direction. Using the tunnel's centerline as a reference, the lateral coordinates of each blast hole are determined. This is converted into an offset relative to the central axis. Let the first... The charge per borehole is The unit is kilogram. ,in This represents the total number of blast holes.
[0026] Step 2: Determine the maximum permissible amount of drug per shot.
[0027] Based on the permissible speed of blasting vibration of the protected object The site coefficients were obtained through regression analysis of on-site blasting vibration monitoring data under similar working conditions and geological conditions. and decay index Calculate the maximum permissible charge per shot at each borehole location. At least three sets of field monitoring data should be used, and regression analysis should be performed using either nonlinear least squares or least squares methods.
[0028] Reference Appendix Figure 2 For the first There are 1 blast hole, and the distance between it and the protected object is 1. If the unit is meters, then the maximum allowable single-shot charge for detonation of this borehole is... Calculated according to Sadovsky's formula:
[0029] in, and By analyzing no fewer than three sets of on-site monitoring data (distance from borehole to protected object) Corresponding measured vibration velocity The results are obtained using nonlinear least squares or least squares regression. Specifically, the regression method involves taking the logarithm of both sides of the Sadovsky formula to transform it into a linear regression form. ,make , , , , , Then it is transformed into a multiple linear regression model. By performing linear regression analysis on no fewer than three sets of monitoring data, the regression coefficients were calculated. The site coefficient is then calculated. and decay index To ensure the reliability of the regression results, the distance between each measuring point and the protected object should cover different ranges.
[0030] The minimum allowable single-shot charge of all blast holes is taken as the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value for this blasting. : This global constraint value This refers to the upper limit threshold of the total charge amount of each detonation hole in the subsequent detonation sequence optimization.
[0031] Reference Appendix Figure 3 The horizontal axis represents the borehole number or the distance between the borehole and the protected object. The vertical axis represents the maximum permissible amount of explosive charge per blast hole. The figure also shows the global maximum single-response drug dosage constraint value. (Represented by a horizontal dashed line). From Figure 3 It can be seen that the maximum allowable single-shot charge varies significantly for boreholes at different spatial locations due to their varying distances from the protected object. The borehole closest to the protected object provides a global constraint value. This value is the hard upper limit for the subsequent detonation group division.
[0032] Step 3: Symmetrical pairing of boreholes.
[0033] Using the central axis of the tunnel face as the axis of symmetry, all blast holes are symmetrically paired.
[0034] First, set the lateral coordinates of each borehole. Converted to offset relative to the central axis And record its side (left or right), among which Defined as the right side, Defined as the left side. Secondly, according to the offset... Sort the boreholes from smallest to largest, and pair two boreholes with the same or similar offset and located on opposite sides of the central axis as a symmetrical pair. For boreholes exactly located on the central axis... Each of these is individually marked as a central borehole. Record the number, coordinates, charge per borehole, and the sum of the charges for each pair of symmetrical boreholes. ,in , For the first Number the two symmetrical boreholes. If the number of boreholes on the left and right sides is unequal, the remaining boreholes that cannot be matched are marked separately as unmatched boreholes.
[0035] Step 4: Detonation group division based on maximum single-shot charge constraint.
[0036] Align the symmetrical boreholes obtained in step three with the vertical coordinates. Sort the data and consider the maximum single-response dosage constraint. The detonation groups are then divided.
[0037] First, all symmetrical borehole pairs are arranged according to their average vertical coordinates. Sort the samples from low to high to obtain an ordered sequence of symmetrical borehole pairs. ,in This represents the total number of symmetrical borehole pairs.
[0038] Then, from the first symmetric borehole pair in the sequence Begin by sequentially merging symmetrical borehole pairs into the current detonation group. Let the current detonation group be... The cumulative amount of medicine is ,initial For the next pair of symmetrical boreholes to be added. The sum of their dosages is : like Then Join the current detonation group ,renew ; like Then shut down the current detonation group. New detonation team ,Will Joined as the first member of the new group and updated .
[0039] Repeat the above steps until all symmetrical borehole pairs have been assigned. For the unpaired boreholes and axial boreholes marked in step three, merge them into the already assigned detonation groups according to the same rules, or group them separately, ensuring that the cumulative charge in each group does not exceed [a certain amount]. .
[0040] For the sum of the charge amount in a single symmetrical borehole It has already exceeded In extreme cases, further determination is needed to determine whether the charge amount in each individual hole of the symmetrical borehole alignment is not greater than [amount missing]. .
[0041] If the dosage in both single holes is not large If so, the two boreholes in the symmetrical borehole pair are forcibly separated, marked as unpaired boreholes, and either merged into an existing detonation group or formed into separate groups according to the processing rules for unpaired boreholes. If there is a single orifice with a drug quantity If the system determines that the charge amount in a single borehole has exceeded the global safety constraint limit, it will issue an alarm signal, prompting the system to readjust the charge amount in that borehole to no more than [amount missing]. The optimization process is then re-executed; if the constraints still cannot be met after adjustment, the optimization process is terminated and an alarm message is output.
[0042] Step 5: Sort the boreholes within the group.
[0043] For each detonation group obtained in step four The detonation sequence within the group is determined by following the order of the slotting holes from bottom to top, the auxiliary holes from top to middle to both sides and finally to the bottom middle, and the peripheral holes from top to bottom.
[0044] Step 6: Generate a global detonation sequence scheme.
[0045] First, follow the order of the detonation groups in step four, i.e. ,in To determine the total number of detonation groups, the order of detonation among the groups is established. Next, within each detonation group, the detonation sequence determined in step five is followed. This forms a complete detonation sequence plan: detonate first... Within each group, the order of opening holes is: bottom to top; auxiliary holes are opened from the top center to the sides and finally the bottom center; peripheral holes are opened from top to bottom. Then, detonate. Within each group, the same principles apply; and so on, until the final detonation. Group.
[0046] Output the detonation sequence plan, including: the detonation group number of each borehole, the detonation sequence number within the group, and the single-shot charge of each section, i.e., the cumulative charge of each group. , and a list of the corresponding borehole numbers for each section.
[0047] Step 7: Solution Verification and Output.
[0048] Verify the detonation sequence scheme generated in step six: check each detonation group one by one. Cumulative drug dosage Does it meet the requirements? If all conditions are met, the solution is valid. If any one of them is true, the solution is not valid. If the detonation group is not generated, an early warning signal will be issued, and the process will automatically revert to step four, adjusting the grouping threshold or grouping order to re-divide the detonation groups until a valid plan is generated.
[0049] Reference Appendix Figure 4 and attached Figure 5 The final detonation sequence plan is output in tabular and graphical form, including information such as borehole number, borehole coordinates, single-hole charge, detonation group, order within the group, and charge per section. Based on the detonation sequence plan and taking into account the high-precision delay characteristics of electronic or digital electronic detonators, a corresponding delay time is assigned to each borehole, measured in milliseconds. The delay time between groups is not less than a set threshold to ensure that the vibration wave does not generate harmful superposition. The delay time of each borehole within a group increases sequentially according to the detonation order, thus completing the detonation network design.
[0050] To facilitate understanding of the technical logic of steps one through six above, the optimization mechanism involved in this embodiment will be further explained below. In step two above, the optimization mechanism is described in detail below. The rigid upper limit for the cumulative charge of each group is based on the physical laws revealed by the Sadovsky formula, namely the blast vibration velocity. With single-effect dosage It is proportional to the power of 1 / 3 and the distance from the center of the explosion. of The power is inversely proportional; for a given protected object and allowable vibration velocity, the maximum single-shot charge increases cubically with the increase of the distance from the detonator. In step three above, symmetrical pairing is performed based on the tunnel's central axis. This is because symmetrical detonation results in a symmetrical spatial distribution of vibration waves, which can achieve a certain degree of mutual cancellation or dispersion at the protected object's location. In step five above, the detonation sequence within the group is determined according to the following order: slotting holes from bottom to top, auxiliary holes from top center to sides and finally bottom center, and peripheral holes from top to bottom. This is because detonating slotting holes first creates a free surface for subsequent blast holes; advancing auxiliary holes from top center to sides and bottom center facilitates natural rock collapse under gravity; and detonating peripheral holes last from top to bottom helps control over- and under-excavation and contour shaping. This embodiment, through the above "first symmetrical pairing, then sorting by elevation, then..." The progressive process of "constrained grouping, sorting by borehole type within groups" integrates the centerline symmetry strategy, the inter-group elevation sorting strategy, and the intra-group borehole type sorting strategy. Deep collaboration is achieved under unified constraints. Example 2
[0051] Reference Appendix Figure 1 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that this embodiment further refines the step of symmetrical pairing of boreholes.
[0052] The specific implementation method of left-right symmetrical pairing is as follows: Suppose there are a total of There are several blast holes, and the lateral coordinates of each blast hole are... First, using the tunnel's centerline as a reference, calculate the lateral offset of each blast hole. At the same time, record whether the borehole is located to the left or right of the central axis. Defined as the right side, Defined as the left side. Secondly, according to... The values of the offsets are sorted in ascending order, and the boreholes with the smallest offsets are paired first. If there are two boreholes located on the left and right sides with the same offset, they are paired as a symmetrical borehole pair. If there are two boreholes with similar offsets on the left and right sides within the allowable error range, they are paired as an approximately symmetrical borehole pair. Regarding the offset... A borehole located precisely on the central axis cannot be paired left and right; it is marked separately as a central axis borehole. If the number of boreholes on the left and right sides is unequal, the remaining unpaired boreholes are marked as unpaired boreholes. After pairing, the sum of the charge charges for each pair of symmetrical boreholes is calculated. . Example 3
[0053] Reference Appendix Figure 1 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that this embodiment further refines the steps for dividing the detonation group.
[0054] The specific implementation of sequentially assigning the sorted symmetrical borehole pairs to the detonation group is as follows: Let the sequence of ordered symmetrical borehole pairs be... The sum of the charge amounts for each symmetrical borehole pair is as follows: Current detonation group The cumulative amount of medicine is recorded as Detonation group number Initially 1, Initially 0. From Begin traversing the sequence: like Then Classified into the current detonation group And update the cumulative drug dosage to At the same time, record the sequence number of the borehole pair within the group; like Then shut down the current detonation group. Detonation group number Add 1, create a new detonation group ,Will As the first member of the new group, they were assigned a cumulative dosage. .
[0055] For the sum of the charge amount in a single symmetrical borehole It has already exceeded In extreme cases, further determination is needed to determine whether the charge amount in each individual hole of the symmetrical borehole alignment is not greater than [amount missing]. : If the amount of medicine in both single holes is no greater than If so, the two boreholes in the symmetrical borehole pair are forcibly separated, marked as unpaired boreholes, and either merged into an existing detonation group or formed into separate groups according to the processing rules for unpaired boreholes. If there is a single orifice with a drug quantity If the system determines that the charge amount in a single borehole has exceeded the global safety constraint limit, it will issue an alarm signal, prompting the system to readjust the charge amount in that borehole to no more than [amount missing]. The optimization process is then re-executed; if the constraints still cannot be met after adjustment, the optimization process is terminated and an alarm message is output. Example 4
[0056] Reference Appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 5 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that this embodiment further refines the sorting steps within the group and the rules for handling unpaired boreholes.
[0057] In each of the aforementioned detonation groups Inside, the slotted holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes within the group are removed separately. The detonation sequence within the group is determined according to the following order: slotted holes from bottom to top; auxiliary holes from top center to sides and finally bottom center; and peripheral holes from top to bottom. Specifically, the slotted holes are detonated from low to high according to the vertical coordinate; the auxiliary holes are detonated first from top center, then sides, and finally bottom center; and the peripheral holes are detonated from top to bottom.
[0058] For the unpaired boreholes marked in step three and the boreholes marked as center-axis boreholes, their vertical coordinates are as follows: Arrange these gun holes according to After arranging them in ascending order, they are then attempted to be merged into the pre-assigned detonation groups in turn: starting from the first detonation group. Begin checking each one individually; if the current single-hole charge is... The total amount of explosives already collected by the detonation group does not exceed If the existing detonation group cannot accommodate the blast hole, a new detonation group will be created, and the blast hole will be grouped separately. Example 5
[0059] Reference Appendix Figure 1 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that this embodiment further refines the solution verification and output steps, and supplements the data docking method with intelligent construction equipment.
[0060] After generating the global detonation sequence scheme, each detonation group is checked one by one. Cumulative drug dosage Does it meet the requirements? If all detonation groups meet the requirements, the scheme is deemed valid and output. If any... If the detonation group is not generated, an early warning signal will be issued, and the process will automatically revert to step four, adjusting the grouping threshold or grouping order to re-divide the detonation groups until a valid plan is generated.
[0061] The generated global detonation sequence scheme includes the following outputs: detonation group number for each borehole, detonation sequence number within the group, cumulative charge for each group, list of borehole numbers for each group, charge per borehole, and spatial coordinates of each borehole. Based on this global detonation sequence scheme, a corresponding delay time is assigned to each borehole, measured in milliseconds. The delay time between groups is not less than a set threshold to ensure that the vibration waves do not generate harmful superposition. The delay time for each borehole within a group increases sequentially according to the detonation order, ultimately forming an electronic detonator detonation network.
[0062] The system has a reserved external interface, which can directly interface the generated detonation sequence plan with the intelligent rock drilling rig and mechanized charging equipment: the plan data is converted into drilling command data that the intelligent rock drilling rig can recognize, including the coordinate position, drilling depth, drilling angle and other information of each blast hole, and is directly transmitted to the control system of the intelligent rock drilling rig to guide the automated drilling operation; at the same time, the detonation group, the sequence within the group and the delay time data of each blast hole are converted into detonation network parameters that the electronic detonator detonation system can recognize, including the address code of each detonator, the delay time setting value and other information, and are directly transmitted to the programmer of the electronic detonator detonation system, realizing the data connection between blasting design and construction equipment and automated construction. Example 6
[0063] Reference Appendix Figure 1 This embodiment provides a tunnel blasting detonation sequence optimization system based on the maximum single-explosive charge, which includes the following functional modules.
[0064] The data input module is used to obtain the spatial coordinates of all blast holes on the tunnel face. Single-hole charge amount for each blast hole and the total number of gun holes This module supports importing borehole layout data from external data files and also supports direct data interface with the intelligent rock drilling rig system to receive borehole coordinate data provided by the rig.
[0065] The constraint calculation module is used to calculate the permissible speed of blasting vibration of the protected object. and site coefficients obtained through regression analysis of on-site monitoring data and decay index According to Sadovsky's formula Calculate the maximum permissible charge per shot at each borehole location, and use the minimum value among all the maximum permissible charges per shot for all boreholes. This serves as the global maximum single-effect drug dosage constraint value. The module incorporates a nonlinear least squares regression algorithm and supports at least three sets of field monitoring data. The automatic regression analysis transforms the Sadovsky formula into a linear regression model by taking the logarithm of both sides. Perform fitting, where , After obtaining the regression coefficients, the following calculations were performed. .
[0066] The symmetry pairing module is used to symmetrically pair blast holes according to their lateral coordinates, using the central axis of the tunnel face as the axis of symmetry, to form several symmetrical blast hole pairs. This module can automatically identify the lateral orientation of each blast hole. On the right side, (For the left side), calculate the offset. The boreholes are sorted and paired according to their offset. Two boreholes with the same or similar offset and located on opposite sides of the central axis are paired together. Boreholes on the central axis are marked as central axis boreholes. Boreholes with unequal numbers on the left and right sides are marked as unpaired. The total charge of each pair of symmetrical boreholes is recorded. .
[0067] The grouping and sorting module is used to sort each pair of symmetrical boreholes according to their average vertical coordinates. Sort in ascending order, and use the global maximum single-effect drug dosage constraint value. To determine the upper limit threshold for the cumulative charge in each group, the sorted symmetrical borehole pairs are sequentially assigned to each detonation group, ensuring that the cumulative charge in each group does not exceed a certain threshold. Within each detonation group, the detonation sequence is determined according to the type of borehole. The borehole type is pre-marked based on the spatial position of each borehole on the working face, including slotting holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes. The detonation sequence within the group is as follows: slotting holes from bottom to top, auxiliary holes from top middle to both sides and finally bottom middle, and peripheral holes from top to bottom.
[0068] This module employs a greedy cumulative charge allocation algorithm, performing a group-by-group assignment judgment for each symmetrical borehole pair: if... If the quantity exceeds the limit, the current group will be closed and a new detonation group will be created; if the quantity of a single pair has exceeded the limit, the current group will be closed and a new detonation group will be created. In cases where a forced split is required, unpaired boreholes and central boreholes are sorted according to their vertical coordinates and then attempted to be merged into existing detonation groups. If none of the groups can accommodate them, they are grouped separately.
[0069] The scheme output module is used to generate and output a global detonation sequence scheme according to the division order of detonation groups and the detonation sequence within each group. The module outputs the detonation group number for each borehole, the detonation sequence number within each group, and the cumulative charge amount for each group. A list of borehole numbers. Output formats include tabular and graphical formats, and can be exported to a data format compatible with electronic detonator initiation systems.
[0070] The scheme verification module is used to check each detonation group one by one after generating the global detonation sequence scheme. Cumulative drug dosage Is it greater than the global maximum single-response drug dosage constraint value? If the total charge of all detonation groups is no greater than Then the solution is deemed valid; if any If the system fails to meet the requirements, an early warning signal will be issued and regrouping will be triggered. After determining that the scheme is valid, the module will allocate a corresponding delay time to each borehole according to the global detonation sequence scheme. The delay time between groups will not be less than a set threshold, and the delay time within a group will increase sequentially according to the detonation sequence, generating complete detonation network design data. The system has a reserved external interface that can be directly connected to intelligent rock drilling rigs and mechanized charging equipment to realize the direct transmission of blasting design data to construction equipment.
[0071] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for optimizing the detonation sequence of tunnel blasting based on the maximum single-explosive charge, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Obtain the spatial coordinates of all blast holes on the tunnel face, the amount of explosive charge per blast hole, and the total number of blast holes. (2) Determine the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value based on the permissible velocity of blasting vibration of the protected object and the site coefficient and attenuation index obtained through regression analysis of field monitoring data; (3) Using the central axis of the tunnel face as the axis of symmetry, each blast hole is paired symmetrically on the left and right according to the transverse coordinate of each blast hole to form several symmetrical blast hole pairs, and the blast holes that cannot be paired are marked separately. (4) Sort each pair of symmetrical boreholes in order of vertical coordinate from low to high, and use the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value as the upper limit threshold of the cumulative charge of each group, and then assign the sorted pairs of symmetrical boreholes to the detonation group in sequence. (5) According to the division order of the detonation groups, and in each group, according to the order of the slotting holes from bottom to top, the auxiliary holes from top to middle to both sides and finally the bottom middle, and the peripheral holes from top to bottom, generate a global detonation sequence scheme, and verify the effectiveness of the generated scheme.
2. The tunnel blasting detonation sequence optimization method based on the maximum single-explosive charge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The spatial coordinates are in three-dimensional form, where the first coordinate axis is the tunnel axis, the second coordinate axis is the horizontal direction of the tunnel face, and the third coordinate axis is the vertical direction. With the tunnel centerline as the reference, the coordinates of each blast hole in the second coordinate axis direction are converted into a lateral offset relative to the tunnel centerline.
3. The tunnel blasting detonation sequence optimization method based on maximum single-explosive charge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for determining the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value include: based on the distance between each borehole and the protected object, as well as the safe allowable speed, site coefficient, and attenuation index, calculating the maximum allowable single-shot charge for each borehole when detonated individually according to the Sadovsky formula, and then taking the minimum value among all the maximum allowable single-shot charges for all boreholes as the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value.
4. The method for optimizing the detonation sequence of tunnel blasting based on the maximum single-explosive charge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The left-right symmetrical pairing specifically includes: Convert the lateral coordinates of each borehole to the offset relative to the central axis and record the side of each borehole. According to the order of offset from smallest to largest, two boreholes with the same or similar offset and located on opposite sides of the central axis are paired as a symmetrical borehole pair; The boreholes located on the central axis are marked separately as central axis boreholes.
5. The method for optimizing the detonation sequence of tunnel blasting based on the maximum single-explosive charge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for sequentially assigning the sorted symmetrical borehole pairs to the detonation groups include: Extract symmetrical borehole pairs one by one according to the sorting order, and calculate the sum of the charges for the current symmetrical borehole pair; Determine whether the sum of the accumulated charge of the current detonation group and the charge of the current symmetrical borehole pair exceeds the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value. If the number of holes does not exceed the limit, the current symmetrical borehole pair will be added to the current detonation group and the cumulative charge will be updated. If the number of detonation groups exceeds the limit, the current detonation group will be closed and a new detonation group will be created, and the current symmetrical borehole pairs will be assigned to the new detonation group.
6. The method for optimizing the detonation sequence of tunnel blasting based on the maximum single-explosive charge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Within each detonation group, the slotting holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes within that group are removed, and the detonation sequence within the group is determined according to the following order: slotting holes from bottom to top, auxiliary holes from top center to both sides and finally bottom center, and peripheral holes from top to bottom.
7. The method for optimizing the tunnel blasting detonation sequence based on the maximum single-explosive charge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of marking unmatched boreholes separately includes: for unmatched boreholes and boreholes marked as central axis boreholes, they are merged into the pre-divided detonation groups or formed into separate groups according to their vertical coordinates from low to high, and it is ensured that the cumulative charge of the group after merging does not exceed the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value.
8. The method for optimizing the detonation sequence of tunnel blasting based on the maximum single-explosive charge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The validity verification of the generated scheme includes: checking whether the cumulative charge of each detonation group is greater than the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value. If the cumulative charge of all detonation groups is not greater than the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value, then the global detonation sequence scheme is determined to be valid.
9. The method for optimizing the detonation sequence of tunnel blasting based on the maximum single-explosive charge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The generated global detonation sequence scheme includes the detonation group number of each borehole, the detonation sequence number within the group, and a list of the cumulative charge and borehole numbers for each group. Based on the global detonation sequence scheme, a corresponding delay time is allocated to each borehole to form a detonation network.
10. A tunnel blasting detonation sequence optimization system based on maximum single-explosive charge, characterized in that, include: The data input module is used to obtain the spatial coordinates of all blast holes on the tunnel face, the amount of explosive charge per hole, and the total number of blast holes. The constraint calculation module is used to determine the global maximum single-explosive charge constraint value based on the safe allowable velocity of blasting vibration of the protected object and the site coefficient and attenuation index obtained through regression analysis of field monitoring data. The symmetry pairing module is used to pair each blast hole symmetrically with the central axis of the tunnel face as the axis of symmetry and according to the lateral coordinates of each blast hole, forming several symmetrical blast hole pairs. The grouping and sorting module is used to sort the symmetrical borehole pairs according to the average vertical coordinate from low to high, and to use the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value as the upper limit threshold of the cumulative charge in each group. The sorted symmetrical borehole pairs are then assigned to each detonation group in sequence, so that the cumulative charge in each group does not exceed the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value. Within each detonation group, the detonation order is determined according to the borehole type. The borehole type is pre-marked according to the spatial position of each borehole on the working face, including slotting holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes. The detonation order within the group is as follows: slotting holes from bottom to top, auxiliary holes from top middle to both sides and finally bottom middle, and peripheral holes from top to bottom. The scheme output module is used to generate and output a global detonation sequence scheme according to the division order of the detonation groups and the detonation sequence within the groups. The global detonation sequence scheme includes the detonation group number of each borehole, the detonation sequence number within the group, the cumulative charge amount of each group, and a list of borehole numbers. The data output module is used to convert the global detonation sequence scheme into detonation network parameters that can be recognized by the electronic detonator detonation system. The detonation network parameters include the address code and delay time setting value of each detonator. The scheme verification module is used to check whether the cumulative charge of each detonation group is greater than the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value after the global detonation sequence scheme is generated. If the cumulative charge of all detonation groups is not greater than the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value, the scheme is determined to be valid. If any cumulative charge is greater than the global maximum single-shot charge constraint value, an early warning signal is issued.