An offshore wind power project carbon value chain and full-cycle economy coupling evaluation method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of offshore wind power project carbon value chain and whole cycle economy coupling evaluation method, the method includes: obtaining project whole life cycle data, constructs stage chain and splits carbon activity unit, generates carbon activity unit mapping table and whole life cycle carbon flow matrix;Based on carbon value type, realization path, realization time lag, realization coefficient and risk reduction rules generate carbon value realization tensor, obtain realizable carbon value cash flow, and coupled with traditional project cash flow, output project evaluation results and optimization suggestions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for coupled evaluation of the carbon value chain and full-cycle economics of offshore wind power projects, belonging to the field of digital evaluation technology for new energy projects. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale construction of new energy power generation projects, project investment decisions no longer rely solely on traditional financial indicators such as construction costs, grid connection prices, operation and maintenance costs, and investment payback period. For energy projects with emission reduction attributes, they not only generate regular cash flows during construction, operation, and decommissioning, but also create added value related to carbon emissions, carbon reduction, green electricity trading, environmental rights certificates, and green financial support. Therefore, how to more accurately evaluate the impact of low-carbon attributes on the economic viability of projects during feasibility studies, investment comparisons, financing assessments, and operation management has become a crucial issue in energy project management.

[0003] In existing technologies, the economic evaluation of energy projects is typically based on parameters such as construction investment, power generation revenue, operation and maintenance costs, tax expenses, and discount rates, calculating indicators such as net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period. While this method can reflect the project's profitability under traditional financial standards, it fails to adequately consider factors such as the project's low-carbon attributes, environmental benefits, and carbon market changes, making it difficult to reflect the actual impact of low-carbon value on the project's economic viability.

[0004] Other technical solutions perform lifecycle carbon emission accounting for energy projects, calculating the carbon emissions or reductions generated during the material manufacturing, construction, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning stages. While these methods can assess a project's low-carbon level from an environmental impact perspective, they typically output total carbon emissions, carbon emissions per unit of electricity, or reductions. This makes it difficult to further explain how these carbon flow results translate into project cash flow, and also hinders direct support for investment decisions and financing calculations.

[0005] Some methods incorporate carbon trading revenue, green certificate revenue, green electricity trading revenue, or green financing incentives into economic calculations as project revenue items. However, in practice, the value of different types of carbon assets cannot be fully realized in the year they are generated. For example, environmental rights certificates may require issuance, registration, and trading; certified emission reduction revenue may require project development, monitoring, verification, and trading; green financing revenue typically occurs during the financing approval and fund utilization period; and decommissioning recovery value usually occurs at the end of the project's life cycle. If these theoretical revenues are directly included as current fixed cash flows in the project's economic evaluation, it can easily lead to overly optimistic project revenue calculations, affecting the accuracy of investment decisions.

[0006] Therefore, existing technologies have at least the following shortcomings: First, traditional economic evaluation and life-cycle carbon emission accounting are disconnected, making it difficult to effectively transform carbon emissions, carbon reduction, and environmental rights results into cash flow in economic evaluation; second, existing carbon value calculations usually treat theoretical carbon value directly as a benefit item, lacking differentiation of different carbon value formation times, realization paths, realization lags, and realization risks; third, existing evaluation results mostly remain at the level of overall project indicators, making it difficult to further identify key links in the project that have a significant impact on carbon emissions, carbon value, and realization risks, resulting in insufficient guidance for scheme optimization and whole-process low-carbon management. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention proposes a method for coupled evaluation of the carbon value chain and full-cycle economic viability of offshore wind power projects.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: On the one hand, this invention provides a method for coupled evaluation of the carbon value chain and full-cycle economic viability of offshore wind power projects, including the following steps: Acquire full lifecycle project data for the target offshore wind power project, including basic project data, equipment and materials data, transportation and construction data, operation and power generation data, operation and maintenance data, decommissioning and recycling data, carbon market data, environmental rights data, green financing data, and traditional financial data; A life-cycle stage chain is constructed based on full life-cycle project data, and each life-cycle stage is broken down into multiple carbon activity units. For any carbon activity unit, establish a mapping relationship between it and activity data, emission factors, life cycle attribution year, carbon flow direction, carbon value type, realization path, realization lag, realization factor and risk reduction rule, and generate a carbon activity unit mapping table. Generate a full life cycle carbon flow matrix based on the carbon activity unit mapping table; A carbon value realization tensor is generated based on the full life cycle carbon flow matrix and mapping relationships; Generate realizable carbon value cash flow based on the carbon value exchange tensor; Aligning realizable carbon value cash flows with traditional project cash flows by lifecycle years generates carbon-economic coupled cash flows, and outputs project evaluation and optimization results and suggestions based on this.

[0009] Preferably, the full life cycle stage chain includes the equipment and material manufacturing stage, equipment transportation stage, offshore construction and installation stage, grid connection and power transmission construction stage, operation and power generation stage, operation and maintenance stage, carbon asset formation stage, carbon asset trading stage, and decommissioning and recycling stage. The carbon activity unit includes at least one of the following: tower steel production unit, foundation structure manufacturing unit, submarine cable material production unit, wind turbine equipment transportation unit, offshore hoisting unit, piling construction unit, submarine cable laying unit, maintenance vessel round trip unit, spare parts replacement unit, wind power generation alternative emission reduction unit, green certificate issuance unit, CCER certification unit, green financing certification unit, and decommissioned material recycling unit.

[0010] Preferably, the carbon activity unit mapping table includes the activity unit number, the life cycle stage, the activity data type, the activity data value, the emission factor, the emission factor source, the year of life cycle attribution, the carbon flow direction, the carbon value type, the theoretical value calculation rule, the realization path, the realization time lag, the realization coefficient, the risk reduction rule, and the data credibility level. The carbon flow direction is used to distinguish whether carbon activity units generate carbon emissions, carbon reductions, or carbon credits; the carbon value type includes at least one of the following: green electricity trading value, green certificate value, CCER value, carbon quota value, green financing value, decommissioned carbon recovery value, implicit carbon cost, and carbon management cost.

[0011] Preferably, a life-cycle carbon flow matrix is ​​generated based on the carbon activity unit mapping table, including: Based on the activity data, emission factors, time correction factors, and data reliability correction factors of each carbon activity unit, determine the carbon emissions, carbon reductions, and carbon offsets generated by each carbon activity unit in the corresponding life cycle year; Organize carbon emissions, carbon reductions, or carbon credits according to the carbon activity unit dimension and the life cycle year dimension to generate a full life cycle carbon flow matrix; The time correction coefficient is used to reflect the impact of material production processes, power grid emission factors, fuel structure or construction organization methods on carbon flow, and the data credibility correction coefficient is used to characterize the uncertainty level of the data source corresponding to the carbon activity unit.

[0012] Preferably, a carbon value realization tensor is generated based on the full life-cycle carbon flow matrix and mapping relationships, including: Based on the carbon value type and theoretical value calculation rules corresponding to the carbon activity unit, determine the theoretical carbon value formed by each carbon activity unit in the corresponding year of formation; Based on the redemption path and redemption time lag, determine the year in which the theoretical carbon value is redeemed; Based on the realization factor and risk reduction rules, the theoretical carbon value is adjusted for realization ratio and risk reduction. The carbon value exchange tensor is generated by organizing the corrected carbon value according to the carbon activity unit, carbon value type, year of formation, and year of cash conversion.

[0013] Preferably, the theoretical carbon value is determined according to the type of carbon value; When the carbon value type is green electricity trading value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on the on-grid electricity volume, the proportion of green electricity trading volume, and the green electricity trading premium. When the carbon value type is green certificate value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on the electricity generated in the grid, the green certificate issuance coefficient, and the green certificate trading price. When the carbon value type is CCER value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on the verifiable voluntary emission reductions and the CCER trading price. When the carbon value type is carbon allowance value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on the amount of deductible or tradable carbon allowances and the carbon allowance price. When the carbon value type is green financing value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on the difference between the green financing balance, the conventional financing interest rate, and the green financing interest rate. When the carbon value type is decommissioning and recycling carbon value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on the amount of recyclable material, the emission reduction produced by replacing virgin material with recycled material, the carbon price, and the residual value of recycled material.

[0014] Preferably, generating a realizable carbon value cash flow based on the carbon value realization tensor includes: According to the year of cash-out, the adjusted carbon values ​​belonging to the same year of cash-out in the carbon value cash-out tensor are aggregated to obtain the cash-out carbon value corresponding to each life cycle year. Aligning the realizable carbon value cash flow with traditional project cash flows by lifecycle years includes: Obtain the electricity sales revenue, subsidy revenue, construction investment, operation and maintenance costs, equipment replacement costs, and tax expenses corresponding to each year of the project's life cycle to form the cash flow of a traditional project. By merging the realizable carbon value cash flow corresponding to the same life cycle year with the cash flow of traditional projects, we obtain the carbon-economy coupled cash flow.

[0015] Preferably, the output includes project evaluation results and optimization suggestions, including: Based on the carbon-economic coupling cash flow, determine at least one of the following evaluation indicators: carbon value adjusted net present value, carbon value adjusted internal rate of return, carbon value contribution rate, carbon value per unit of electricity, critical carbon price, and investment payback period. Based on the life cycle carbon flow matrix, determine the carbon emission contribution of each carbon activity unit; Based on the carbon value realization tensor, determine the carbon value contribution and carbon value realization risk of each carbon activity unit; Based on carbon emission contribution, carbon value contribution, and carbon value realization risk, high carbon emission nodes, high carbon value nodes, and high realization risk nodes are identified, and corresponding optimization suggestions are generated.

[0016] Preferably, when high-carbon emission nodes correspond to the manufacture of towers, monopile foundations or jacket structures, suggestions are provided to replace them with low-carbon steel, increase the proportion of recycled steel, optimize the weight of the foundation structure, or adjust the low-carbon rating of the supplier. When high carbon emission nodes correspond to fuel consumption of transport and construction vessels, suggestions are provided to optimize construction windows, reduce waiting shifts, optimize lifting sequences, or use low-carbon fuel vessels. When maintenance vessels corresponding to high carbon emission nodes are at sea, suggestions are made to increase the proportion of remote monitoring, adopt centralized maintenance strategies, introduce unmanned inspection equipment, or reduce the frequency of unnecessary sea trips. When a high-risk redemption point corresponds to CCER value, green certificate value, or green financing value, suggestions should be made to supplement monitoring data, adjust the timing of carbon asset development, reduce the corresponding carbon value weight, generate a carbon footprint report, or generate green financing supporting materials.

[0017] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a coupled evaluation system for the carbon value chain and full-cycle economic viability of offshore wind power projects, characterized in that it includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire project data throughout the entire lifecycle of the target offshore wind power project; The lifecycle modeling module is used to construct a full lifecycle stage chain of the target offshore wind power project based on the full lifecycle project data. A carbon activity unit generation module is used to split each life cycle stage in the full life cycle stage chain into multiple carbon activity units and generate a carbon activity unit mapping table. A carbon flow matrix generation module is used to generate a full life cycle carbon flow matrix based on the carbon activity unit mapping table. The carbon value realization tensor generation module is used to generate a carbon value realization tensor based on the full life cycle carbon flow matrix, carbon value type, theoretical value calculation rules, realization time lag, realization coefficient and risk reduction rules. A realizable carbon value cash flow generation module is used to generate realizable carbon value cash flow based on the carbon value realizable tensor. The cash flow coupling module is used to align the realizable carbon value cash flow with the cash flow of traditional projects according to their life cycle years to generate carbon-economy coupled cash flow. The evaluation and optimization module is used to output project evaluation results and optimization suggestions based on the carbon-economy coupled cash flow.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention breaks down the entire lifecycle of a target offshore wind power project into multiple carbon activity units and establishes mapping relationships between each carbon activity unit and activity data, emission factors, lifecycle attribution year, carbon flow direction, carbon value type, realization path, realization lag, realization coefficient, and risk reduction rules. This enables a structured expression of carbon emissions, carbon reduction, and environmental rights that are originally scattered throughout the construction, transportation, operation, maintenance, carbon asset development, and decommissioning processes. Compared to methods that only calculate the total carbon emissions over the lifecycle, this application can clearly define the carbon flows formed by different carbon activity units in different years and their corresponding value attributes, providing a more granular data foundation for subsequent economic coupling evaluation.

[0019] 2. This invention constructs a carbon value realization tensor, mapping the theoretical carbon value generated by different carbon activity units in their formation year to the corresponding realization year according to carbon value type, realization path, realization lag, realization coefficient, and risk reduction rules, thereby distinguishing between theoretical carbon value and realizable carbon value. This avoids directly incorporating carbon revenues that have not yet been issued, certified, traded, or are subject to policy and market uncertainties into project evaluations as definite cash flows, making project economic calculations more consistent with the actual realization process of environmental rights trading, certified emission reduction revenues, green financing revenues, and decommissioning recovery revenues.

[0020] 3. This invention aligns the realizable carbon value cash flow with traditional project cash flows according to their lifecycle years, generating a carbon-economic coupled cash flow. Based on this, it calculates carbon value-adjusted economic indicators, reflecting the actual contribution of carbon value to project returns beyond traditional financial indicators such as net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period. This approach solves the problem of the disconnect between traditional economic evaluation and carbon emission accounting results, enabling project investment decisions, green financing justification, and carbon asset management to be analyzed based on a unified cash flow timeline.

[0021] 4. This invention identifies high-carbon emission nodes, high-carbon-value nodes, and high-realization-risk nodes based on the full life-cycle carbon flow matrix and carbon value realization tensor. It then outputs suggestions for optimizing the low-carbon supply chain, construction organization, operation and maintenance carbon reduction, carbon asset development, and green financing materials based on the node type. Therefore, this application can not only evaluate the comprehensive economics of a target offshore wind power project after considering carbon value, but also pinpoint key factors affecting the project's low-carbon benefits and economic stability, thereby enhancing the guidance of the evaluation results for engineering scheme optimization and whole-process management. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] It should be understood that the step numbers used in the text are for ease of description only and are not intended to limit the order in which the steps are performed.

[0025] It should be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0026] The terms “comprising” and “including” indicate the presence of the described feature, whole, step, operation, element and / or component, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0027] The term “and / or” refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items, as well as all possible combinations, and includes these combinations.

[0028] See Figure 1 In some embodiments, a method for coupled evaluation of the carbon value chain and full-cycle economics of offshore wind power projects is proposed, including the following steps: Acquire full lifecycle project data for the target offshore wind power project, including basic project data, equipment and materials data, transportation and construction data, operation and power generation data, operation and maintenance data, decommissioning and recycling data, carbon market data, environmental rights data, green financing data, and traditional financial data; A life-cycle stage chain is constructed based on full life-cycle project data, and each life-cycle stage is broken down into multiple carbon activity units. For any carbon activity unit, establish a mapping relationship between it and activity data, emission factors, life cycle attribution year, carbon flow direction, carbon value type, realization path, realization lag, realization factor and risk reduction rule, and generate a carbon activity unit mapping table. Generate a full life cycle carbon flow matrix based on the carbon activity unit mapping table; A carbon value realization tensor is generated based on the full life cycle carbon flow matrix and mapping relationships; Generate realizable carbon value cash flow based on the carbon value exchange tensor; Aligning realizable carbon value cash flows with traditional project cash flows by lifecycle years generates carbon-economic coupled cash flows, and outputs project evaluation and optimization results and suggestions based on this.

[0029] In one specific embodiment, a method for coupling the carbon value chain and full-cycle economic performance evaluation of offshore wind power projects is provided. This method is applicable to scenarios such as early-stage investment calculation, construction scheme comparison, green financing demonstration, carbon asset development assessment, and dynamic review of economic performance during the operation period of offshore wind power projects. This method does not simply perform full-lifecycle carbon emission accounting for offshore wind power projects, nor does it simply add green certificate revenue, CCER revenue, and carbon trading revenue as conventional income items to financial cash flow. Instead, it breaks down the entire lifecycle of an offshore wind power project into multiple carbon activity units and establishes mapping relationships between carbon flow direction, lifecycle attribution year, carbon value type, realization path, realization lag, realization coefficient, and risk reduction rules for each carbon activity unit. This forms a carbon value realization tensor that can characterize the inter-period realization relationship of carbon value. Based on this carbon value realization tensor, a realizable carbon value cash flow is generated and coupled with traditional project cash flow according to the lifecycle year, thereby obtaining economic evaluation results that more accurately reflect the actual carbon asset formation and realization process of offshore wind power projects.

[0030] First, acquire full lifecycle project data for the target offshore wind power project. The target offshore wind power project can be a planned offshore wind farm, an offshore wind farm under construction, or an offshore wind farm already in operation. The full lifecycle project data includes basic project data, equipment and material data, transportation and construction data, operation and power generation data, operation and maintenance data, decommissioning and recycling data, carbon market data, environmental rights data, green financing data, and traditional financial data.

[0031] The basic data for the project includes installed capacity, number of wind turbines, single-unit capacity, sea location, water depth, distance from shore, design life, grid connection method, transmission project scope, offshore substation configuration, power collection line layout, and expected commissioning time. For example, a target offshore wind power project has an installed capacity of 500MW, with 50 wind turbine units of 10MW each, a design life of 25 years, an average water depth of 35m, and a distance from shore of 60km. The power will be boosted by an offshore substation and transmitted to the onshore control center via submarine cables.

[0032] The data on materials includes the usage, weight, source, recycling ratio, and supplier information for equipment or materials such as wind turbine blades, nacelles, generators, hubs, towers, monopile foundations, jacket foundations, submarine cables, offshore substations, onshore control centers, steel, copper, aluminum, concrete, epoxy resin, fiberglass, and carbon fiber. The transportation and construction data includes land and sea transport distances, vehicle and vessel types, installation vessel shifts, piling equipment shifts, submarine cable laying vessel shifts, construction windows, sea state delay factors, fuel consumption, construction period, and construction organization plan. The operational power generation data includes annual grid-connected electricity, equivalent full-load hours, equipment availability, wind curtailment rate, wind turbine performance degradation rate, grid-connected electricity price, green electricity trading ratio, grid emission substitution factor, and regional absorption conditions. The operation and maintenance data includes annual maintenance frequency, frequency of maintenance vessel deployments, spare parts replacement volume, downtime due to malfunctions, remote monitoring ratio, unmanned inspection ratio, operation and maintenance energy consumption, and operation and maintenance costs. Decommissioning and recycling data includes dismantling energy consumption, dismantling vessel shifts, types of recyclable materials, material recovery rate, residual value income, recycling-substitute emission factors, and decommissioning disposal costs. Carbon market data includes carbon price, carbon price growth rate, carbon trading discount factor, carbon quota benchmark, carbon tax price, carbon market liquidity parameters, and policy constraint strength. Environmental rights data includes green electricity trading premium, green certificate price, green certificate issuance ratio, green certificate redemption period, CCER certification ratio, CCER certification period, CCER trading price, and developable emission reductions. Green financing data includes green loan interest rates, conventional loan interest rates, green bond issuance costs, financing scale, financing term, green project certification conditions, and financing review indicators. Traditional financial data includes construction investment, loan ratio, capital ratio, operation and maintenance costs, equipment replacement costs, taxes and fees, residual value, subsidy income, discount rate, and evaluation period.

[0033] After acquiring full lifecycle project data, a full lifecycle stage chain is constructed based on the engineering construction process, operation process, carbon asset formation process, and decommissioning and recycling process of the target offshore wind power project. The full lifecycle stage chain includes the equipment and material manufacturing stage, equipment transportation stage, offshore construction and installation stage, grid connection and power transmission construction stage, operation and power generation stage, operation and maintenance stage, carbon asset formation stage, carbon asset trading stage, and decommissioning and recycling stage.

[0034] Specifically, the equipment and materials manufacturing stage characterizes the carbon emissions generated during the manufacturing process of equipment or materials such as wind turbines, towers, foundations, submarine cables, and substations; the equipment transportation stage characterizes the carbon emissions generated during the transportation of equipment and materials from the manufacturing site to the port and from the port to the offshore construction area; the offshore construction and installation stage characterizes the carbon emissions generated during the construction process, such as wind turbine hoisting, foundation piling, submarine cable laying, and offshore substation installation; the grid connection and transmission construction stage characterizes the carbon emissions generated during the construction process, such as transmission cables, onshore control centers, and onshore access projects; and the operation and power generation stage characterizes the carbon emissions generated by offshore wind power replacing traditional power generation. The carbon asset formation stage is used to characterize the carbon emissions generated by the power generation and the resulting green electricity trading value, green certificate value, or verifiable emission reduction value; the operation and maintenance stage is used to characterize the carbon emissions generated by operation and maintenance activities such as shipboard operations, spare parts replacement, scheduled maintenance, and fault repair; the carbon asset formation stage is used to characterize the environmental rights formation process such as green certificate issuance, CCER project development, and carbon quota or emission reduction confirmation; the carbon asset trading stage is used to characterize the process of realizing green certificate trading, CCER trading, green electricity trading, carbon quota trading, and green financing benefits; and the decommissioning and recycling stage is used to characterize the process of equipment dismantling, material recycling, residual value income, and recycling to replace emission reductions.

[0035] Furthermore, the life cycle stages in the full life cycle chain are broken down into multiple carbon activity units. A carbon activity unit refers to the smallest accounting object that can generate carbon emissions, carbon reductions, carbon credits, environmental rights, carbon costs, or carbon benefits. In this embodiment, a carbon activity unit may include a tower steel production unit, a monopile foundation manufacturing unit, a jacket foundation manufacturing unit, a submarine cable material production unit, a wind turbine blade manufacturing unit, a wind turbine equipment land transportation unit, a wind turbine equipment sea transportation unit, an offshore hoisting unit, a piling construction unit, a submarine cable laying unit, an offshore substation installation unit, a maintenance vessel round-trip unit, a spare parts replacement unit, a remote maintenance alternative to offshore units, a wind power generation alternative to emission reduction units, a green certificate issuance unit, a CCER certification unit, a green financing certification unit, a decommissioning and dismantling unit, and a decommissioning material recycling unit.

[0036] In this embodiment, carbon activity units are divided according to life cycle stage, activity type, activity data source, and carbon value type. When the same engineering activity corresponds to both carbon emissions and carbon value formation in the same life cycle year, carbon emission-type carbon activity units and carbon value-type carbon activity units are established separately. When multiple engineering activities have the same activity data source, the same emission factor, and the same life cycle year, they can be merged into the same carbon activity unit to reduce matrix dimensionality.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, a carbon activity unit mapping table is established for each carbon activity unit. The carbon activity unit mapping table includes the activity unit number, its life cycle stage, activity data type, activity data value, emission factor, emission factor source, life cycle attribution year, carbon flow direction, carbon value type, theoretical value calculation rules, realization path, realization lag, realization coefficient, risk reduction rules, and data credibility level.

[0038] Data credibility ratings are used to indicate the reliability of the source of activity data and emission factors, and to determine risk reduction factors or the range of scenario perturbations. Higher data credibility is set for measured data or supplier carbon footprint reports; medium data credibility is set for contract data, design data, or industry average data; and lower data credibility is set for empirically estimated data. Data credibility ratings do not change the accounting logic of the underlying carbon flow, but rather reflect data uncertainty in realizable value adjustments and sensitivity analyses.

[0039] For example, for a "monopile foundation manufacturing unit," its life cycle stage is the equipment and material manufacturing stage; the activity data type is steel consumption; the activity data value is the total amount of steel for a single pile foundation; the emission factor is the emission factor per unit of steel production; the emission factor source can be the supplier's carbon footprint report, industry database, or design estimation data; the life cycle year is from year 0 to year 2 of the construction period; the carbon flow direction is carbon emissions; the carbon value type can be implicit carbon cost; the realization path can be green finance review or supply chain carbon constraints; the realization time lag can be 0 to 1 year; the realization coefficient is determined based on the degree of recognition by the project financing institution; and the risk reduction rule is determined based on the credibility of the carbon footprint data, the supplier's low-carbon level, and green finance review requirements.

[0040] For "wind power generation substitution and emission reduction units", their life cycle stage is the operation and power generation stage; the activity data type is the annual on-grid electricity; the activity data value is the actual or predicted on-grid electricity each year; the emission factor is the regional grid substitution emission factor; the life cycle belongs to the first to the 25th year after commissioning; the carbon flow direction is carbon emission reduction; the carbon value type can be green electricity trading value, green certificate value, CCER value, or carbon quota value; the redemption path can be green electricity trading settlement, green certificate issuance trading, CCER certification trading, or carbon market deduction; the redemption time lag is determined according to different environmental rights types; the redemption coefficient is determined according to the trading ratio, certification success rate, and market liquidity; the risk reduction rule is determined according to the wind curtailment rate, policy changes, trading price fluctuations, and certification results.

[0041] For the "retirement material recycling unit", its life cycle stage is the retirement recycling stage; the activity data type is the weight of recyclable steel, copper, aluminum and other materials; the activity data value is the amount of recyclable materials after retirement and dismantling; the emission factor is the emission reduction factor for the production of recycled materials replacing virgin materials; the life cycle attribution year is the year of project retirement; the carbon flow direction is carbon offset or carbon emission reduction; the carbon value type can be retirement recycling carbon value; the realization path is material recycling and disposal and residual value recovery; the realization time lag can be 0 to 1 year; the realization coefficient is determined based on the actual recovery rate, recycling market price and disposal efficiency; the risk reduction rule is determined based on material price fluctuations, dismantling costs and recycling losses.

[0042] After establishing the carbon activity unit mapping table, the carbon emissions, carbon reductions or carbon offsets generated by each carbon activity unit in the corresponding life cycle year are determined based on the activity data, emission factors, time correction coefficients and data reliability correction coefficients of each carbon activity unit. The carbon activity units are then organized according to the carbon activity unit dimension and the life cycle year dimension to generate a full life cycle carbon flow matrix.

[0043] In one implementation, the life-cycle carbon flow matrix can be represented as: ; in: Indicates the first The carbon activity unit in the first The carbon emissions, carbon reductions, or carbon offsets generated in each life cycle year; when A positive value indicates carbon emissions. A negative value indicates carbon emission reduction or carbon offset. Indicate the first The carbon activity unit in the first Activity data corresponding to each life cycle year, such as steel consumption, fuel consumption, transportation turnover, electricity generation, spare parts replacement, or recyclable material quantity; Indicates the first The emission factor, alternative emission reduction factor, or recycling deduction factor corresponding to each carbon activity unit; This represents the time correction factor, used to reflect the impact of changes in material production processes, grid emission factors, fuel structure, construction organization methods, or policy accounting boundaries on carbon flow. This represents the data credibility correction coefficient, used to characterize the level of uncertainty in the data source corresponding to carbon activity units.

[0044] In this embodiment, the time correction factor can be determined based on changes in the grid emission factor, the proportion of decarbonization in the supply chain, or the fuel structure of construction vessels in different years. For example, when the regional grid emission factor decreases year by year during the project's operation period, the time correction factor for wind power generation as a substitute for emission reduction units decreases with each year to reflect the annual changes in the emission reduction per unit of grid-connected electricity. The data reliability correction factor can be determined based on the data source level; for example, measured data corresponds to higher reliability, contract data or design data corresponds to medium-high reliability, industry average data corresponds to medium reliability, and empirically estimated data corresponds to lower reliability.

[0045] After generating the life-cycle carbon flow matrix, a carbon value realization tensor is generated based on the mapping relationship between the life-cycle carbon flow matrix and the carbon activity unit mapping table. The carbon value realization tensor is used to characterize the theoretical carbon value formed by different carbon activity units in different years. After realization lag, realization coefficient, and risk reduction, it is mapped to the intertemporal realization relationship of different realization years.

[0046] The carbon value realization tensor is a four-dimensional data structure. Its first dimension corresponds to the carbon activity unit, the second dimension corresponds to the carbon value type, the third dimension corresponds to the year in which the carbon value is formed, and the fourth dimension corresponds to the year in which the carbon value is realized. Through this four-dimensional data structure, the theoretical carbon value formed by the same carbon activity unit in a certain year can be expressed, and after being processed by different realization paths, realization lags, realization coefficients, and risk reduction rules, it can be mapped to one or more realization years.

[0047] In one implementation, the carbon value realization tensor can be expressed as: ; in: Indicates the first The carbon activity unit in the first The first life cycle year formed the In the theoretical carbon value class, it is possible to achieve the first The value that is actually realized and enters the project's cash flow over each life cycle year; Indicates the first The carbon activity unit in the first The first life cycle year formed the Theoretical carbon value; The carbon value type can be represented by various factors, including green electricity trading value, green certificate value, CCER value, carbon quota value, green financing value, decommissioned carbon recovery value, and implicit carbon cost or carbon management cost. The realization factor is used to represent the actual realization ratio of the theoretical carbon value from the year of formation to the year of realization. This represents the risk reduction factor, used to indicate the reduction in realizable value caused by price fluctuations, verification failures, insufficient trading liquidity, insufficient green certificate absorption, failure to pass green financing review, or fluctuations in the price of retired and recycled certificates. Indicates the year of cash redemption.

[0048] The realization factor characterizes the proportion of theoretical carbon value that can be realized after business process handling, including the green electricity trading settlement ratio, green certificate issuance and trading ratio, CCER certification ratio, green financing approval ratio, and actual recycling ratio of decommissioned materials. The risk reduction factor characterizes the degree of reduction in theoretical carbon value during the realization process due to market price fluctuations, policy changes, insufficient trading liquidity, certification failures, insufficient green certificate consumption, or fluctuations in material recycling prices. The realization factor primarily reflects business feasibility, while the risk reduction factor primarily reflects external uncertainties.

[0049] In this embodiment, the theoretical carbon value is not directly equivalent to the actual cash flow. Instead, it is first theoretically calculated according to the carbon value type, and then adjusted for realization lag, realization factor, and risk reduction before entering the corresponding year of realization. For example, the value of green electricity trading is usually realized within the electricity trading settlement cycle, with a relatively short realization lag; the value of green certificates requires issuance, registration, and trading, and its realization lag is usually longer than that of green electricity trading; the value of CCERs requires project development, monitoring, verification, and trading, and its realization lag is usually longer and more significantly affected by the applicability of methodology, the degree of policy openness, and market liquidity; the value of green financing usually occurs during the financing period, rather than being formed year by year with power generation; and the carbon value of decommissioning recovery usually occurs at the end of the project.

[0050] The theoretical carbon value can be determined according to different carbon value types. When the carbon value type is green electricity trading value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on the amount of electricity fed into the grid, the proportion of green electricity traded, and the green electricity trading premium, which can be specifically expressed as follows: ; in: Indicates the first The theoretical value of green electricity trading developed over the years; Indicates the first Annual electricity consumption online; Indicates the first The percentage of electricity traded annually in green electricity transactions; Indicates the first Annual green electricity trading premium.

[0051] When the carbon value type is green certificate value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on the electricity generated in the grid, the green certificate issuance coefficient, and the green certificate trading price, which can be specifically expressed as follows: ; in: Indicates the first The theoretical value of green certificates formed over the years; This indicates the green certificate issuance coefficient or tradable ratio corresponding to a unit of electricity connected to the internet; Indicates the first Annual green certificate trading price; When the carbon value type is CCER value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on verifiable voluntary emission reductions and CCER trading prices, which can be specifically expressed as follows: ; in: Indicates the first The theoretical value of CCER formed in 2000; Indicates the first Annual certified voluntary emission reductions; Indicates the first Annual CCER transaction price; When the carbon value type is green financing value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on the difference between the green financing balance, the conventional financing interest rate, and the green financing interest rate, which can be specifically expressed as: ; in: Indicates the first The theoretical value of green finance developed over the years; Indicates the first Annual green financing balance; Indicates the balance of regular financing; Indicates the green financing rate; When the carbon value type is decommissioning and recycling carbon value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on the amount of recyclable material, the emission reductions generated by replacing virgin materials with recycled material, the carbon price, and the residual value of recycled material. Specifically, it can be expressed as follows: ; in: Indicates the first The theoretical value of decommissioning and recycling formed over the years; Indicates the first Annual amount of recyclable materials; Indicates the first Emission reduction factor produced by replacing virgin materials with recycled materials annually; Indicates the first Annual carbon price; Indicates the first Annual residual value income from material recycling; When the carbon value type is implicit carbon cost, the theoretical carbon cost is determined based on carbon emissions and carbon risk price, which can be specifically expressed as: ; in: Indicates the first The carbon activity unit in the first The implicit carbon cost formed annually; Indicates the first The carbon activity unit in the first Annual carbon emissions; Indicates the first The risk price formed annually due to carbon taxes, supply chain carbon constraints, green finance reviews, or carbon boundary requirements; After generating the carbon value realization tensor, the adjusted carbon values ​​belonging to the same realization year in the carbon value realization tensor are aggregated according to the realization year to obtain the realizable carbon value cash flow corresponding to each lifecycle year. In one implementation, the realizable carbon value cash flow can be expressed as: ; in: Indicates the first The realizable carbon value that actually enters the project's cash flow over each life cycle year; Indicates the number of carbon-active units; Indicates the number of carbon value types; Indicates the project evaluation period; From this, we obtain Not the first It is not the total theoretical carbon value formed in the first year, but the theoretical carbon value formed by all carbon activity units in different years. After processing for realization paths, realization lags, realization coefficients, and risk reduction rules, it is calculated in the [number]th year. The value that can actually be converted into cash flow in a year. This approach avoids directly including theoretical carbon revenues that have not yet been verified, traded, or are subject to significant policy uncertainties in the project's economic evaluation as definite income.

[0052] Furthermore, the electricity sales revenue, subsidy revenue, construction investment, operation and maintenance costs, equipment replacement costs, and tax expenses for each year of the project's lifecycle are obtained to form the cash flow of a traditional project. The cash flow of a traditional project can be expressed as: ; in: Indicates the first Cash flow of a traditional project over a lifecycle of one year; Indicates the first Annual electricity sales revenue; Indicates the first Annual subsidy income; Indicates the first Other regular income; Indicates the first Annual construction investment or additional investment; Indicates the first Annual operating and maintenance costs; Indicates the first Annual overhaul, spare parts replacement or equipment upgrade costs; Indicates the first Annual tax and fee expenditures; By combining the realizable carbon value cash flow corresponding to the same lifecycle year with the cash flow of traditional projects, we obtain the carbon-economy coupled cash flow: ; in: Indicates the first Carbon-economic coupling cash flows over a lifecycle year; Indicates the first Realizable carbon value cash flow over a lifetime; After obtaining the carbon-economic coupled cash flow, at least one of the following evaluation indicators can be determined based on the carbon-economic coupled cash flow: carbon value adjusted net present value, carbon value adjusted internal rate of return, carbon value contribution rate, carbon value per unit of electricity, critical carbon price, and investment payback period.

[0053] The carbon value-adjusted net present value can be expressed as: ; in: This represents the carbon value adjusted net present value; Indicates the discount rate; The carbon-value-adjusted internal rate of return is the rate of return that makes the following expression true: ; in: This indicates the carbon value adjusted internal rate of return. The carbon value contribution rate can be expressed as: ; in: This represents the carbon value contribution rate, used to characterize the degree to which realizable carbon value contributes to the overall benefits of a project. The carbon value per unit of electricity can be expressed as: ; in, Indicates the carbon value per unit of electricity; The critical carbon valence can be expressed as: ; in: The critical carbon price that enables the target offshore wind power project to achieve its target net present value requirement; Represents the target net present value; This represents the conventional net present value without considering carbon value. Indicates the first Annual realizable carbon value excluding carbon price revenue; Indicates the first Annual monetizable carbon emission reductions; Indicates the first The annual carbon emission reduction is converted into the realization factor of carbon trading revenue; Indicates the first Annual carbon trading risk reduction factor; To further enable the evaluation results to guide project optimization, this embodiment also identifies key impact nodes of the target offshore wind power project based on the full life-cycle carbon flow matrix and carbon value realization tensor. Specifically, the carbon emission contribution of each carbon activity unit is determined based on its proportion in the total life-cycle carbon emissions; the carbon value contribution of each carbon activity unit is determined based on its proportion in the realizable carbon value cash flow; and the carbon value realization risk of each carbon activity unit is determined based on its corresponding realization coefficient and risk reduction coefficient.

[0054] In one implementation, the contribution to carbon emissions can be expressed as: ; in: Indicates the first The carbon emission contribution of each carbon activity unit; This indicates that only positive carbon emissions are counted; The contribution of carbon value can be expressed as: ; in: Indicates the first The contribution of each carbon activity unit to the realizable carbon value cash flow.

[0055] The risk of carbon value realization can be expressed as: ; in: Indicates the first The carbon activity unit corresponds to the first The risk of realizing carbon-like value; Indicates the first The carbon activity unit corresponds to the first The number of year combinations in which there is an effective mapping relationship between carbon-like values.

[0056] When the carbon emission contribution of a carbon activity unit exceeds a first threshold, that carbon activity unit is designated as a high-carbon emission node; when the carbon value contribution of a carbon activity unit exceeds a second threshold, that carbon activity unit is designated as a high-carbon-value node; and when the carbon value realization risk of a carbon activity unit exceeds a third threshold, that carbon activity unit is designated as a high-realization-risk node. The first, second, and third thresholds can be preset based on project management needs, investor risk preferences, or historical project statistics.

[0057] When high-carbon emission nodes correspond to the manufacture of towers, monopile foundations, or jacket structures, recommendations include replacing steel with low-carbon steel, increasing the proportion of recycled steel, optimizing the weight of the foundation structure, or adjusting the supplier's low-carbon rating. When high-carbon emission nodes correspond to fuel consumption of transport and construction vessels, recommendations include optimizing construction windows, reducing waiting shifts, optimizing lifting sequences, or using low-carbon fuel vessels. When high-carbon emission nodes correspond to maintenance vessels operating at sea, recommendations include increasing the proportion of remote monitoring, adopting centralized maintenance strategies, introducing unmanned inspection equipment, or reducing unnecessary sea trips. When high-carbon value nodes correspond to power generation substitution for emission reduction, green electricity trading, or green certificate value, recommendations include improving equipment availability, reducing wind curtailment rates, increasing the proportion of green electricity trading, or optimizing the timing of green certificate trading. When high-realization-risk nodes correspond to CCER value, green certificate value, or green financing value, recommendations include supplementing monitoring data, adjusting the timing of carbon asset development, reducing the corresponding carbon value weight, generating a carbon footprint report, or generating green financing supporting documentation.

[0058] In another embodiment, a multi-scenario evaluation mechanism can be further constructed. Multiple evaluation scenarios are generated based on carbon price, green certificate price, green electricity trading ratio, CCER fulfillment coefficient, green financing interest rate discount, wind curtailment rate, equipment cost, operation and maintenance cost, low-carbon material ratio, construction vessel energy consumption, and decommissioning recovery rate. These evaluation scenarios include a baseline scenario, a high carbon price scenario, a low carbon price scenario, a green certificate benefit enhancement scenario, a CCER restriction scenario, a green financing enhancement scenario, a high wind curtailment rate scenario, a low-carbon supply chain scenario, a high operation and maintenance cost scenario, and a decommissioning high recovery rate scenario.

[0059] For each evaluation scenario, a corresponding full life-cycle carbon flow matrix, carbon value realization tensor, and carbon-economic coupled cash flow are regenerated. The corresponding carbon value-adjusted net present value, carbon value-adjusted internal rate of return, carbon value contribution rate, carbon value per unit of electricity, critical carbon price, and investment payback period are calculated to form a scenario evaluation matrix. By analyzing the fluctuation range of each evaluation indicator under different evaluation scenarios, the sensitivity of the target offshore wind power project to changes in carbon price, green certificate price, CCER realization ratio, curtailment rate, and financing cost can be determined, and risk control recommendations can be output accordingly.

[0060] For example, when the economics of a project significantly improves under a high carbon price scenario, while the project's carbon value contribution rate declines significantly under a low carbon price scenario, it indicates that the project's economics are highly dependent on carbon prices. In this case, it is advisable for investors to adopt a conservative carbon price or set a scenario of declining carbon prices in their evaluation. When the net present value of a project declines significantly under a CCER-restricted scenario, it indicates that CCER revenue contributes significantly to the project's economics and carries a risk of non-payment. In this case, it is advisable to reduce the weighting of CCER revenue, postpone the timing of CCER revenue recognition, or prioritize reliance on green certificate and green electricity trading revenue. When the value of green certificates, the value of green electricity trading, and the value of power generation substitution and emission reduction all decline simultaneously under a high wind curtailment scenario, it is advisable to prioritize optimizing grid connection and consumption schemes or signing long-term green electricity trading agreements.

[0061] This embodiment also provides a carbon value chain and full-cycle economic evaluation system for offshore wind power projects. The system includes a data acquisition module, a life cycle modeling module, a carbon activity unit generation module, a carbon flow matrix generation module, a carbon value realization tensor generation module, a realizable carbon value cash flow generation module, a cash flow coupling module, an evaluation index calculation module, a key node identification module, and an optimization decision-making module.

[0062] The data acquisition module acquires full lifecycle project data for the target offshore wind power project. The lifecycle modeling module constructs a full lifecycle stage chain for the target offshore wind power project based on the full lifecycle project data. The carbon activity unit generation module breaks down each lifecycle stage in the full lifecycle stage chain into multiple carbon activity units and generates a carbon activity unit mapping table. The carbon flow matrix generation module generates a full lifecycle carbon flow matrix based on the carbon activity unit mapping table. The carbon value realization tensor generation module generates a carbon value realization tensor based on the full lifecycle carbon flow matrix, carbon value type, theoretical value calculation rules, realization lag, realization coefficient, and risk reduction rules. The realizable carbon value cash flow generation module generates realizable carbon value cash flow based on the carbon value realization tensor. The cash flow coupling module aligns the realizable carbon value cash flow with traditional project cash flow according to lifecycle years to generate a carbon-economic coupled cash flow. The evaluation index calculation module calculates carbon value-adjusted economic indicators based on the carbon-economic coupled cash flow. The key node identification module identifies key impact nodes of the target offshore wind power project based on the full lifecycle carbon flow matrix and the carbon value realization tensor. The optimization decision-making module is used to output project evaluation results and optimization suggestions based on key impact nodes.

[0063] Optimization suggestions are generated based on the identification results of key impact nodes. Specifically, the system ranks each carbon activity unit according to its carbon emission contribution, carbon value contribution, and carbon value realization risk, and matches corresponding optimization suggestions from a preset optimization strategy library based on the ranking results. When the same carbon activity unit belongs to both high carbon emission nodes and high realization risk nodes, optimization strategies that take into account both emission reduction and realization risk reduction are matched first.

[0064] Through the above implementation methods, this embodiment can transform the carbon emissions, carbon reductions, and environmental rights generated during the equipment manufacturing, marine transportation, construction and installation, operation and maintenance, power generation substitution and emission reduction, carbon asset formation, carbon asset trading, and decommissioning and recycling processes of offshore wind power projects into traceable, mappable, and realizable structured data. Compared to traditional carbon accounting methods that only output the total carbon emissions over the life cycle, this embodiment can further determine the intertemporal mapping relationship between the carbon value formed by different carbon activity units and the year of realization, thereby improving the accuracy of carbon asset revenue calculation for offshore wind power projects.

[0065] In some embodiments, an electronic device is provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the method as described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] In some embodiments, a computer-readable storage medium is provided on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] In this application embodiment, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "more than one" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the existence of A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" and similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of singular or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, and c can represent: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, or a and b and c, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0068] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps described in the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of electronic hardware and software. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0069] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0070] In the several embodiments provided in this application, any function, if implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0071] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for coupled evaluation of the carbon value chain and full-cycle economic viability of offshore wind power projects, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Acquire full lifecycle project data for the target offshore wind power project, including basic project data, equipment and materials data, transportation and construction data, operation and power generation data, operation and maintenance data, decommissioning and recycling data, carbon market data, environmental rights data, green financing data, and traditional financial data; A life-cycle stage chain is constructed based on full life-cycle project data, and each life-cycle stage is broken down into multiple carbon activity units. For any carbon activity unit, establish a mapping relationship between it and activity data, emission factors, life cycle attribution year, carbon flow direction, carbon value type, realization path, realization lag, realization factor and risk reduction rule, and generate a carbon activity unit mapping table. Generate a full life cycle carbon flow matrix based on the carbon activity unit mapping table; A carbon value realization tensor is generated based on the full life cycle carbon flow matrix and mapping relationships; Generate realizable carbon value cash flow based on the carbon value exchange tensor; Aligning realizable carbon value cash flows with traditional project cash flows by lifecycle years generates carbon-economic coupled cash flows, and outputs project evaluation and optimization results and suggestions based on this.

2. The method for coupled evaluation of carbon value chain and full-cycle economics of offshore wind power projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The full life cycle stage chain includes the equipment and material manufacturing stage, equipment transportation stage, offshore construction and installation stage, grid connection and transmission construction stage, operation and power generation stage, operation and maintenance stage, carbon asset formation stage, carbon asset trading stage, and decommissioning and recycling stage. The carbon activity unit includes at least one of the following: tower steel production unit, foundation structure manufacturing unit, submarine cable material production unit, wind turbine equipment transportation unit, offshore hoisting unit, piling construction unit, submarine cable laying unit, maintenance vessel round trip unit, spare parts replacement unit, wind power generation alternative emission reduction unit, green certificate issuance unit, CCER certification unit, green financing certification unit, and decommissioned material recycling unit.

3. The method for coupled evaluation of carbon value chain and full-cycle economics of offshore wind power projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon activity unit mapping table includes the activity unit number, the life cycle stage, the activity data type, the activity data value, the emission factor, the emission factor source, the year of life cycle attribution, the carbon flow direction, the carbon value type, the theoretical value calculation rules, the realization path, the realization time lag, the realization coefficient, the risk reduction rules, and the data credibility level. The carbon flow direction is used to distinguish whether carbon activity units generate carbon emissions, carbon reductions, or carbon credits; the carbon value type includes at least one of the following: green electricity trading value, green certificate value, CCER value, carbon quota value, green financing value, decommissioned carbon recovery value, implicit carbon cost, and carbon management cost.

4. The method for coupled evaluation of carbon value chain and full-cycle economics of offshore wind power projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, A life-cycle carbon flow matrix is ​​generated based on the carbon activity unit mapping table, including: Based on the activity data, emission factors, time correction factors, and data reliability correction factors of each carbon activity unit, determine the carbon emissions, carbon reductions, and carbon offsets generated by each carbon activity unit in the corresponding life cycle year; Organize carbon emissions, carbon reductions, or carbon credits according to the carbon activity unit dimension and the life cycle year dimension to generate a full life cycle carbon flow matrix; The time correction coefficient is used to reflect the impact of material production processes, power grid emission factors, fuel structure or construction organization methods on carbon flow, and the data credibility correction coefficient is used to characterize the uncertainty level of the data source corresponding to the carbon activity unit.

5. The method for coupled evaluation of carbon value chain and full-cycle economics of offshore wind power projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, A carbon value realization tensor is generated based on the full life-cycle carbon flow matrix and mapping relationships, including: Based on the carbon value type and theoretical value calculation rules corresponding to the carbon activity unit, determine the theoretical carbon value formed by each carbon activity unit in the corresponding year of formation; Based on the redemption path and redemption time lag, determine the year in which the theoretical carbon value is redeemed; Based on the realization factor and risk reduction rules, the theoretical carbon value is adjusted for realization ratio and risk reduction. The carbon value exchange tensor is generated by organizing the corrected carbon value according to the carbon activity unit, carbon value type, year of formation, and year of cash conversion.

6. The method for coupled evaluation of carbon value chain and full-cycle economics of offshore wind power projects according to claim 5, characterized in that, Theoretical carbon value is determined according to the type of carbon value; When the carbon value type is green electricity trading value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on the on-grid electricity volume, the proportion of green electricity trading volume, and the green electricity trading premium. When the carbon value type is green certificate value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on the electricity generated in the grid, the green certificate issuance coefficient, and the green certificate trading price. When the carbon value type is CCER value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on the verifiable voluntary emission reductions and the CCER trading price. When the carbon value type is carbon allowance value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on the amount of deductible or tradable carbon allowances and the carbon allowance price. When the carbon value type is green financing value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on the difference between the green financing balance, the conventional financing interest rate, and the green financing interest rate. When the carbon value type is decommissioning and recycling carbon value, the theoretical carbon value is determined based on the amount of recyclable material, the emission reduction produced by replacing virgin material with recycled material, the carbon price, and the residual value of recycled material.

7. The method for coupled evaluation of carbon value chain and full-cycle economics of offshore wind power projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, Generating realizable carbon value cash flows based on the aforementioned carbon value realization tensor includes: According to the year of cash-out, the adjusted carbon values ​​belonging to the same year of cash-out in the carbon value cash-out tensor are aggregated to obtain the cash-out carbon value corresponding to each life cycle year. Aligning the realizable carbon value cash flow with traditional project cash flows by lifecycle years includes: Obtain the electricity sales revenue, subsidy revenue, construction investment, operation and maintenance costs, equipment replacement costs, and tax expenses corresponding to each year of the project's life cycle to form the cash flow of a traditional project. By merging the realizable carbon value cash flow corresponding to the same life cycle year with the cash flow of traditional projects, we obtain the carbon-economy coupled cash flow.

8. The method for coupled evaluation of carbon value chain and full-cycle economics of offshore wind power projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, Output project evaluation results and optimization suggestions, including: Based on the carbon-economic coupling cash flow, determine at least one of the following evaluation indicators: carbon value adjusted net present value, carbon value adjusted internal rate of return, carbon value contribution rate, carbon value per unit of electricity, critical carbon price, and investment payback period. Based on the life cycle carbon flow matrix, determine the carbon emission contribution of each carbon activity unit; Based on the carbon value realization tensor, determine the carbon value contribution and carbon value realization risk of each carbon activity unit; Based on carbon emission contribution, carbon value contribution, and carbon value realization risk, high carbon emission nodes, high carbon value nodes, and high realization risk nodes are identified, and corresponding optimization suggestions are generated.

9. The method for coupled evaluation of carbon value chain and full-cycle economics of offshore wind power projects according to claim 8, characterized in that, When high-carbon emission nodes correspond to the manufacture of towers, monopile foundations or jacket structures, suggestions are provided such as replacing with low-carbon steel, increasing the proportion of recycled steel, optimizing the weight of the foundation structure, or adjusting the low-carbon rating of the supplier. When high carbon emission nodes correspond to fuel consumption of transport and construction vessels, suggestions are provided to optimize construction windows, reduce waiting shifts, optimize lifting sequences, or use low-carbon fuel vessels. When maintenance vessels corresponding to high carbon emission nodes are at sea, suggestions are made to increase the proportion of remote monitoring, adopt centralized maintenance strategies, introduce unmanned inspection equipment, or reduce the frequency of unnecessary sea trips. When a high-risk redemption point corresponds to CCER value, green certificate value, or green financing value, suggestions should be made to supplement monitoring data, adjust the timing of carbon asset development, reduce the corresponding carbon value weight, generate a carbon footprint report, or generate green financing supporting materials.

10. A coupled evaluation system for the carbon value chain and full-cycle economic viability of offshore wind power projects, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire project data throughout the entire lifecycle of the target offshore wind power project; The lifecycle modeling module is used to construct a full lifecycle stage chain of the target offshore wind power project based on the full lifecycle project data. A carbon activity unit generation module is used to split each life cycle stage in the full life cycle stage chain into multiple carbon activity units and generate a carbon activity unit mapping table. A carbon flow matrix generation module is used to generate a full life cycle carbon flow matrix based on the carbon activity unit mapping table. The carbon value realization tensor generation module is used to generate a carbon value realization tensor based on the full life cycle carbon flow matrix, carbon value type, theoretical value calculation rules, realization time lag, realization coefficient and risk reduction rules. A realizable carbon value cash flow generation module is used to generate realizable carbon value cash flow based on the carbon value realizable tensor. The cash flow coupling module is used to align the realizable carbon value cash flow with the cash flow of traditional projects according to their life cycle years to generate carbon-economy coupled cash flow. The evaluation and optimization module is used to output project evaluation results and optimization suggestions based on the carbon-economy coupled cash flow.

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