Quantum entanglement laser fusion detection method and system

Abstract

The application provides a quantum entanglement laser fusion detection method and system, and relates to the fields of quantum optics and laser inertial confinement fusion technology.The method comprises the following steps: generating multiple groups of independent quantum entanglement photon pairs, each group of quantum entanglement photon pairs comprising a first photon and a second photon; combining the first photon in each quantum entanglement photon pair with a strong laser beam corresponding to the first photon, so that the first photon is injected into a target chamber of an inertial confinement fusion device together with the strong laser beam, the first photon interacts with plasma in the target chamber, and a first interaction photon is generated; collecting the first interaction photon and the second photon; performing coincidence measurement and joint quantum state tomography on the first interaction photon and the second photon in the same quantum entanglement photon pair, extracting joint statistical features representing quantum correlation evolution; and inversely calculating plasma state parameters in the target chamber during the laser fusion process according to the time sequence change of the joint statistical features.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of quantum optics and laser inertial confinement fusion technology, and particularly to a method and system for detecting quantum entangled laser fusion. Background Technology

[0002] Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is an important technological approach that uses high-power lasers to drive a target pellet containing light nuclear fuels such as deuterium and tritium to generate plasma, which is then rapidly compressed and ignited, ultimately achieving a nuclear fusion reaction. Typical ICF devices (such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in the United States and the Shenguang series of devices in China) employ dozens or even hundreds of high-power laser beams to simultaneously irradiate a spherical target pellet from multiple directions to achieve uniform compression and central hot spot ignition.

[0003] Chinese Patent CN108650081B discloses a method and system for information transmission based on quantum entanglement. The method includes: detecting quantum entanglement between photons in a first photon group at the information transmitting end and photons in a second photon group at the information receiving end; if all photons satisfy the quantum entanglement property, based on the time correlation characteristics between photons in a third photon group at the transmitting end and photons in a fourth photon group at the information receiving end, transmitting the information to be transmitted modulated onto the photons in the third photon group to the information receiving end. However, the above solution is geared towards classical information security transmission scenarios based on fiber optic channels and does not consider extreme environments such as plasma and strong radiation (including neutrons) within laser inertial confinement fusion target chambers, thus resulting in insufficient detection sensitivity for plasma diagnostics. Therefore, it is essential to provide a quantum entanglement-based laser fusion detection method and system to improve the detection sensitivity of plasma diagnostics. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a quantum entangled laser fusion detection method and system, which helps to improve the detection sensitivity of plasma diagnostics.

[0005] This invention provides a method for detecting quantum entangled laser fusion, the method comprising: Multiple independent pairs of quantum entangled photons are generated, each pair of quantum entangled photons including a first path photon and a second path photon; The first photon in each quantum entangled photon pair is combined with a high-intensity laser beam in the direction corresponding to the first photon, and the first photon is injected into the target chamber of the inertial confinement fusion device along with the high-intensity laser beam, so that the first photon interacts with the plasma in the target chamber to generate the first interacting photon. The system collects a first path of interacting photons that penetrates the target chamber and a second path of photons outside the target chamber. The first path of interacting photons is transmitted to a first path photon detector array located in the shielded area of ​​the inertial confinement fusion device, and the second path of photons is transmitted to a second path photon detector array located outside the target chamber. By performing coincidence measurement and joint quantum state tomography on the first and second interacting photons in the same quantum entangled photon pair, joint statistical features characterizing the evolution of quantum correlation between the first and second interacting photons are extracted. Based on the temporal changes of the joint statistical characteristics, the plasma state parameters in the target chamber during laser fusion are retrieved to obtain the plasma state in the target chamber.

[0006] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, different sets of quantum entangled photon pairs have different center wavelengths, or different sets of quantum entangled photon pairs correspond to different incident directions of strong laser beams, or any two quantum entangled photon pairs are in mutually orthogonal polarization modes, or different sets of quantum entangled photon pairs are injected into the target chamber within different time windows of the laser pulse.

[0007] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the joint statistical features include one or more of the following: coincidence count rate timing, joint quantum state fidelity timing, Bell parameter timing, and polarization correlation function.

[0008] More preferably, the extraction of joint statistical features characterizing the evolution of quantum correlation between the first interacting photon and the second interacting photon specifically includes: The output electrical signals of the first and second photon detector arrays are respectively connected to a time-to-digital converter to mark the arrival time of each detected first-path interacting photon and second-path photon. Within a preset time window, based on the arrival time markers corresponding to the first interacting photon and the second photon, events whose arrival time difference falls within the preset time window are selected as coincidence events from the same quantum entangled photon pair, and the coincidence count rate timing is counted in different time windows. Joint projection measurements are performed on the first and second interacting photons under multiple preset polarization measurement substrates to obtain the joint counting results under each combination of polarization measurement substrates; Based on the joint counting results under various polarization measurement substrate combinations, quantum state tomography reconstruction is performed on the two-photon system composed of the first-path interacting photon and the second-path photon in different time windows to obtain the two-photon joint density matrix that evolves over time. Based on the two-photon joint density matrix, calculate the joint quantum state fidelity time series of the joint state of the first interacting photon and the second photon in the same quantum entangled photon pair relative to the initial target Bell state, as well as the Bell parameter time series based on the CHSH-type Bell inequality definition; Based on the joint counting results under various polarization measurement substrate combinations, a polarization correlation function is constructed to characterize the polarization correlation relationship between the first interacting photon and the second photon in the same quantum entangled photon pair.

[0009] More preferably, the step of retrieving the plasma state parameters in the target chamber during laser fusion based on the temporal changes of the joint statistical characteristics specifically includes: Based on the coincidence count rate time series, joint quantum state fidelity time series, Bell parameter time series, and polarization correlation function collected within multiple preset time windows, a joint statistical feature sequence describing the entire laser fusion process is constructed. The joint statistical feature sequence is regressed using a Bayesian inference algorithm or a pre-trained machine learning neural network model to obtain plasma state parameters under the corresponding time window.

[0010] Further preferred options include: Statistical analysis was performed on the coincidence count rate time series, joint quantum state fidelity time series, Bell parameter time series, and polarization correlation function corresponding to each incident direction to construct an asymmetry index, a multipath cross-correlation function, and a peak delay matrix. The evolution results of the asymmetry index, the multipath cross-correlation function, and the peak delay matrix over time were combined into a high-dimensional joint statistical feature vector, which was then used as a joint statistical feature characterizing the quantum correlation evolution between the first-path interacting photon and the second-path photon.

[0011] More preferably, the quantum entangled photon pair is generated by one or more of the following physical processes: Quantum entangled photon pairs are generated by utilizing the spontaneous parametric downconversion process in nonlinear crystals; Under the condition of electromagnetic induction transparency of cold atom ensemble, quantum entangled photon pairs are generated through a four-wave mixing process; Quantum entangled photon pairs are generated in an integrated photonic chip using a spontaneous four-wave mixing process.

[0012] A second aspect of this application provides a quantum entangled laser fusion detection system, which includes a photon pair generation module, a feature joint module, and a parameter inversion module, wherein... The photon pair generation module is used to generate multiple independent sets of quantum entangled photon pairs, each set of quantum entangled photon pairs including a first path photon and a second path photon; The feature combination module is used to combine the first photon in each quantum entangled photon pair with a strong laser beam in the corresponding direction of the first photon, so that the first photon is injected into the target chamber of the inertial confinement fusion device along with the strong laser beam, so that the first photon interacts with the plasma in the target chamber to generate a first interacting photon. The first interacting photon penetrating the target chamber and the second photon outside the target chamber are collected. The first interacting photon is transmitted to a first photon detector array located in the shielding area of ​​the inertial confinement fusion device, and the second photon is transmitted to a second photon detector array located outside the target chamber. The first interacting photon and the second photon in the same quantum entangled photon pair are subjected to coincidence measurement and joint quantum state tomography to extract joint statistical features characterizing the evolution of quantum correlation between the first interacting photon and the second photon. The parameter inversion module is used to invert the plasma state parameters in the target chamber during laser fusion based on the temporal changes of the joint statistical characteristics, so as to obtain the plasma state in the target chamber.

[0013] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device including a processor, a memory, a user interface, and a network interface, wherein the memory is used to store instructions, the user interface and the network interface are used to communicate with other devices, and the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory.

[0014] A fourth aspect of this application provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program being executed by a processor to implement the steps of a quantum entanglement laser fusion detection method.

[0015] The quantum entanglement laser fusion detection method and system provided by this invention have the following advantages over existing technologies: (1) By performing coincidence measurement and joint quantum state tomography on entangled photon pairs, a large number of background photons and noise signals unrelated to entanglement are suppressed. Compared with traditional single-photon or classical beam diagnostic methods, this method significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio and detection sensitivity of plasma diagnosis in the context of strong radiation and strong scattering in the inertial confinement fusion target chamber. The first photon interacts in the plasma, and its quantum state change is mapped to the second photon through entanglement. By performing joint quantum state tomography on the second photon outside the target chamber, information about the plasma in the area blocked by the shielding structure and difficult to measure directly by traditional diagnostic methods can be obtained. This breaks through the limitations of the target chamber shielding and harsh environment on the measurement method. At the same time, multiple independent entangled photon pairs are injected into the target chamber in time sequence, and their joint statistical characteristics are analyzed in time sequence. This can obtain time-resolved information on the evolution of plasma during laser fusion, which is beneficial for capturing rapid transient processes such as shock wave formation, shell compression, and implosion peak, and improves the time sequence diagnostic capability of the entire inertial confinement fusion process.

[0016] (2) By distinguishing different sets of quantum entangled photon pairs from each other in terms of the center wavelength, the incident direction of the corresponding strong laser beam, the polarization mode, and the time window of the laser pulse injected into the target chamber, this invention can orthogonally reuse and effectively distinguish quantum detection channels in multiple dimensions such as spectrum, space, polarization, and time. This enables multi-channel parallel diagnosis in a single laser fusion experiment, significantly reduces crosstalk and aliasing between different measurement channels, improves the spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and multi-parameter resolution of plasma state parameter inversion, and obtains more comprehensive and accurate plasma evolution information. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a quantum entanglement laser fusion detection method provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the quantum entangled laser fusion detection system provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure reference numerals: 1. Quantum entangled laser fusion detection system; 11. Photon pair generation module; 12. Feature joint module; 13. Parameter inversion module; 2. Electronic equipment; 21. Processor; 22. Communication bus; 23. User interface; 24. Network interface; 25. Memory. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Quantum entanglement is a core phenomenon in quantum mechanics: when two or more particles are in an entangled state, the probability distribution of a measurement of one particle and the state of the other particle exhibit a statistical correlation that cannot be explained by classical local hidden variable theory (a violation of Bell's inequality). This property does not transmit information faster than light, but it can establish a correlation that transcends the classical noise limit at the statistical level through multiple measurements.

[0022] Quantum-enhanced sensing has made significant progress in the following areas: quantum illumination (Lloyd 2008) has demonstrated superior target detection capabilities compared to classical coherent light under strong background noise; the LIGO gravitational wave detector has broken through the shot noise limit by utilizing squeezed state light fields; and ghost imaging has achieved nonlocal imaging by utilizing entangled photon pairs.

[0023] During ICF, the target pellet undergoes the following four physical stages in sequence: Ablation stage: Laser irradiation of the target surface generates plasma that is ejected outwards. The target is then accelerated and compressed centripetally under the reaction force. The temperature of the ablation plasma is approximately in the range of hundreds of eV to keV, and the electron density far exceeds the critical density n. c ; Compression phase: The incident shock wave converges centripetally within the target pellet, and the central density and temperature rise sharply, with the peak density reaching hundreds of times the density of the solid. Ignition and combustion stage: The central hot spot reaches the ignition conditions, such as ion temperature ≥ 5 keV and surface density ρR ≥ 0.3 g / cm², and the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction is initiated and propagates outward by heating with alpha particles; Extinction phase: The target pellet rapidly expands and disintegrates due to the release of fusion energy, the plasma scatters outward, and the reaction terminates.

[0024] The entire physical process has an extremely short timescale, with ablation to ignition taking approximately 10–20 ns and hot spot formation taking approximately several hundred ps. The radiation environment inside the target chamber is extreme (strong X-rays, gamma rays, and neutron flux exceeding 10). 14 cm -2 This poses a serious challenge to real-time online diagnosis.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms "an" or "a" and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms "connected" or "linked" and similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up," "down," "left," "right," etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship also changes accordingly.

[0026] This invention discloses a method for detecting quantum entangled laser fusion, with reference to... Figure 1 The method includes steps S1 to S5.

[0027] Step S1 generates multiple independent pairs of quantum entangled photons, each pair containing a first path photon and a second path photon.

[0028] In this step, quantum entangled photon pairs are generated by one or more of the following physical processes: Quantum entangled photon pairs are generated by utilizing the spontaneous parametric downconversion process in nonlinear crystals; Under the condition of electromagnetic induction transparency of cold atom ensemble, quantum entangled photon pairs are generated through a four-wave mixing process; Quantum entangled photon pairs are generated in an integrated photonic chip using a spontaneous four-wave mixing process.

[0029] It is understandable that the spontaneous parametric downconversion in nonlinear crystals (BBO, PPKTP, LiNbO3) can be used to convert pump photons (frequency ω) into photons with different frequencies. p Transform into a pair that satisfies ω s +ω i =ω p The entangled photon pairs form Bell states in polarization or time-energy degrees of freedom, with an initial entanglement fidelity F > 0.95.

[0030] Four-wave mixing under cold atom ensemble (rubidium-87) EIT conditions is used to generate narrow-linewidth, intensity-correlated entangled photon pairs, which are suitable for high-repetition-rate, high-frequency statistical accumulation.

[0031] High-brightness on-chip entangled sources are generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in silicon-based or silicon nitride microring resonators, supporting large-scale integrated deployment of N-channel entangled sources.

[0032] Step S2: Combine the first photon in each quantum entangled photon pair with the high-intensity laser beam in the direction corresponding to the first photon, and inject the first photon into the target chamber of the inertial confinement fusion device along with the high-intensity laser beam, so that the first photon interacts with the plasma in the target chamber to generate the first interacting photon.

[0033] The interaction between the first photon and the plasma in the target chamber, and its impact on the joint quantum state, include: Thomson scattering: causes tiny random changes in the path or frequency of the first photon, disrupting the perfect arrival time correlation and momentum anticorrelation between the first and second photons, resulting in a decrease in the number of events within the coincidence counting window, i.e., a decrease in the coincidence count rate.

[0034] Inverse bremsstrahlung absorption: The first photon is absorbed by the plasma, resulting in the permanent loss of the photon pair, which directly causes a decrease in the coincidence count rate. The magnitude of the decrease follows the Beer-Lambert law with respect to the density of the integral column.

[0035] Refractive index modulation and phase delay: The first photon gains an additional phase, causing the initial entangled state (such as the Bell state) to evolve into a mixed state, which is manifested as a decrease in entanglement fidelity F and a decrease in the Bell parameter S.

[0036] Faraday rotation: The polarization plane of the first photon is rotated, changing the initial polarization correlation function between the first and second photons. By comparing the polarization correlation matrices of the initial and final states, the rotation angle can be deduced.

[0037] Step S3: Collect the first path of interacting photons penetrating the target chamber and the second path of photons outside the target chamber. The first path of interacting photons is transmitted to the first path photon detector array located in the shielded area of ​​the inertial confinement fusion device, and the second path photons are transmitted to the second path photon detector array located outside the target chamber.

[0038] Step S4 involves performing coincidence measurement and joint quantum state tomography on the first and second interacting photons in the same quantum entangled photon pair to extract joint statistical features characterizing the evolution of quantum correlation between the first and second interacting photons. These joint statistical features include one or more of the following: coincidence count rate time series, joint quantum state fidelity time series, Bell parameter time series, and polarization correlation function.

[0039] Step S5: Based on the temporal changes of the joint statistical characteristics, invert the plasma state parameters in the target chamber during the laser fusion process to obtain the plasma state in the target chamber.

[0040] In this embodiment, by performing coincidence measurement and joint quantum state tomography on entangled photon pairs, a large number of background photons and noise signals unrelated to entanglement are suppressed. Compared with traditional single-photon or classical beam diagnostic methods, this significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio and detection sensitivity of plasma diagnostics in the context of strong radiation and strong scattering within the inertial confinement fusion target chamber. The first photon interacts in the plasma, and its quantum state change is mapped to the second photon through entanglement. By performing joint quantum state tomography on the second photon outside the target chamber, information about the plasma in areas blocked by shielding structures and difficult to measure directly using traditional diagnostic methods can be obtained. This overcomes the limitations of target chamber shielding and harsh environment on measurement methods. Simultaneously, multiple independent entangled photon pairs are injected into the target chamber in a time sequence, and their joint statistical characteristics are analyzed over time to obtain laser... The time-resolved information of plasma evolution during fusion is beneficial for capturing rapid transient processes such as shock wave formation, shell compression, and implosion peaks, thus improving the time-series diagnostic capability of the entire inertial confinement fusion process. By using a small number of entangled photons as "probe lights," effective diagnosis can be achieved without significantly altering the energy deposition in the target chamber and plasma dynamics. Compared to traditional methods that require the introduction of strong diagnostic beams or high-energy particle beams, this invention causes less disturbance to the intrinsic evolution process of plasma, and the measurement results are closer to the true physical state. Through the spatial distribution of the first and second photon detector arrays, the plasma interaction characteristics in different directions and regions can be distinguished in the spatial dimension. Combined with joint quantum state tomography, multi-channel, multi-angle, and spatially resolved diagnosis of plasma can be achieved, improving the overall spatial resolution and reconstruction capability.

[0041] The quantum correlation of entangled photon pairs originates from the non-separability of their joint quantum state. When the first photon interacts with the plasma in the target chamber, its own quantum state (such as polarization, momentum, and time mode) evolves or is even destroyed, such as through absorption, due to physical mechanisms like scattering, absorption, phase delay, and Faraday rotation. This process is equivalent to applying a local quantum operation, such as phase damping or amplitude damping, to the joint quantum state of the first and second photons, leading to the partial or complete loss of the initial entanglement correlation. The degree and rate of this correlation degradation (i.e., decoherence) are directly related to physical quantities such as plasma column density, temperature, and magnetic field strength experienced by the first photon.

[0042] The quantum state of the second photon itself may not change before and after the interaction with the first photon, and measuring the second photon alone cannot obtain any information about the target chamber. Only when the first and second photons are simultaneously subjected to coincidence measurement and joint quantum state tomography can the change in their correlation be observed, thereby inferring the experience of the first photon in the target chamber.

[0043] Different sets of quantum entangled photon pairs have different center wavelengths, or different sets of quantum entangled photon pairs correspond to different incident directions of strong laser beams, or any two quantum entangled photon pairs are in mutually orthogonal polarization modes, or different sets of quantum entangled photon pairs are injected into the target chamber within different time windows of the laser pulse.

[0044] In this embodiment, by distinguishing different pairs of quantum entangled photons from each other in terms of the center wavelength, the incident direction of the corresponding strong laser beam, the polarization mode, and the time window of the laser pulse injected into the target chamber, the present invention can orthogonally multiplex and effectively distinguish quantum detection channels in multiple dimensions such as spectrum, space, polarization, and time. This enables multi-channel parallel diagnosis in a single laser fusion experiment, significantly reduces crosstalk and aliasing between different measurement channels, improves the spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and multi-parameter resolution capability of plasma state parameter inversion, and obtains more comprehensive and accurate plasma evolution information.

[0045] Based on the above embodiments, as an optional embodiment, step S4, which involves extracting the joint statistical features characterizing the evolution of the quantum correlation between the first-path interacting photon and the second-path photon, may further include the following: Step S41: Connect the output electrical signals of the first photon detector array and the second photon detector array to the time-to-digital converter respectively, and mark the arrival time of each detected first-path interacting photon and second-path photon.

[0046] In this step, the output electrical signals of the first and second photon detector arrays are respectively connected to a time-to-digital converter (TD-SCD) to mark the arrival time of each detected first-path interacting photon and second-path photon. Specifically, each single-photon detector in the first-path photon detector array outputs a narrow pulse electrical signal when it detects a single-photon event. This narrow pulse signal is sent to the TD-SCD and assigned an absolute timestamp or a relative timestamp relative to the trigger signal. Similarly, the output electrical signal of each single-photon detector in the second-path photon detector array is also sent to the TD-SCD to obtain the corresponding timestamp information. The TD-SCD caches and records the timestamp data of each channel, forming a raw event list containing information such as channel number, photon path (first or second path), and arrival time mark. This provides the basic data for subsequent selection of coincidence events and construction of coincidence count rate timing within a preset coincidence time window.

[0047] Step S42: Within a preset time window, based on the arrival time markers corresponding to the first interacting photon and the second photon, select events whose arrival time difference falls within the preset time window as coincidence events from the same quantum entangled photon pair, and count the coincidence count rate timing in different time windows.

[0048] In this step, the first is defined. k The coincidence count rate of a quantum entangled source In the time window within, no. k The coincidence count rate is the simultaneous detection rate of the first and second photons generated by a quantum entangled source. The temporal evolution of the coincidence count rate reflects the combined effect of the plasma on the transmittance and coherence retention rate of the first photon, and the coincidence count rate timing within different time windows. It can be represented as:

[0049] Where N represents the total number of quantum entanglement sources.

[0050] It is understandable that the corresponding relationships in the fusion physics processes are as follows: Laser pulse pre-phase ( t <0): Plasma has not yet formed on the target pellet, and the target pellet surface has a certain reflectivity. The first path of photons is mainly affected by surface reflection or transmission and is not affected by the plasma. At this time, the photons from the first... k The coincidence count rate of a quantum entangled source At its highest level, denoted as the initial coincidence count rate. R 0.

[0051] Ablation and Compression Stage: With the laser pulse, the target surface begins to ablate and form a plasma shell. The plasma gradually densifies, significantly enhancing its scattering and absorption of the first-path photons. Some of the first-path photons are scattered out of the incident mode or absorbed, preventing them from forming a coincidence event with the corresponding second-path photons within the preset time window. The result is... It continued to decline over time.

[0052] Peak compression phase ( t=t stag When plasma compression reaches its peak t stag The plasma density is highest in the central region of the target pellet, and the plasma's obstruction of the first-path photons is most significant. The number of first-path photons that pass through the target chamber and are collected is greatly reduced, resulting in a corresponding decrease in the coincidence count rate. When it drops to a trough, it is denoted as .

[0053] Extinguishing and Expansion Phase: After peak compression, the fuel extinguishes, the target rapidly expands and disintegrates, plasma density and optical thickness drop sharply, and the transmission probability of the first photon through the plasma region gradually recovers. At this time, the coincidence count rate... It recovers rapidly from the trough, eventually approaching the initial level when there is no plasma.

[0054] Step S43: Perform joint projection measurements on the first interacting photon and the second photon under multiple preset polarization measurement substrates to obtain the joint counting results under each combination of polarization measurement substrates.

[0055] In this step, joint projection measurements are performed on the first and second interacting photons under multiple preset polarization measurement substrates to obtain joint counting results for each combination of polarization measurement substrates. Specifically, a switchable polarization analysis module is set in front of the first photon detector array. The polarization analysis module includes at least optical elements such as a polarizer, a quarter-wave plate, and a half-wave plate to project the polarization state of the first interacting photon onto a set of preset polarization measurement substrates. A similarly structured polarization analysis module is set in front of the second photon detector array to project the polarization state of the second photon onto a set of preset polarization measurement substrates that are the same as or different from the first. By sequentially switching the optical element combinations of the first and second polarization analysis modules, multiple combinations of polarization measurement substrates are obtained. Under each combination of polarization measurement substrates, the number of coincidence events in which the first and second interacting photons are detected simultaneously within a given time window is recorded to obtain the joint counting result corresponding to that substrate combination, thereby providing a complete joint projection measurement dataset for subsequent quantum state tomography reconstruction.

[0056] Step S44: Based on the joint counting results under the combination of polarization measurement substrates, quantum state tomography reconstruction is performed on the two-photon system composed of the first interacting photon and the second photon in different time windows to obtain the two-photon joint density matrix that evolves over time.

[0057] In this step, based on the joint counting results under various polarization measurement substrate combinations, quantum state tomography reconstruction is performed on the two-photon system composed of the first-path interacting photon and the second-path photon within different time windows to obtain the time-evolving two-photon joint density matrix. Specifically, the coincidence counting results obtained in step S43 under various polarization measurement substrate combinations are normalized to obtain the joint probability distribution of the first and second-path photons on each joint measurement substrate; for each preset time window, all joint counting data within that time window are selected as a set of tomographic samples, and the two-photon density matrix that best matches the joint probability distribution is solved using a linear inversion algorithm and / or a maximum likelihood estimation algorithm. By repeating the above reconstruction process over consecutive time windows, a series of joint density matrices that evolve over time are obtained, thereby characterizing the joint quantum state evolution behavior of the same quantum entangled photon pair during the propagation and interaction of the first-path interacting photons in the plasma.

[0058] Step S45: Based on the two-photon joint density matrix, calculate the joint quantum state fidelity timing of the joint state of the first interacting photon and the second photon in the same quantum entangled photon pair relative to the initial target Bell state, as well as the Bell parameter timing based on the CHSH form.

[0059] In this step, the first t At this moment k Entanglement fidelity of a quantum entanglement source Defined as:

[0060] in, Indicates the initial Bell state, Indicates the first t At this moment k The polarization state density matrix of the first and second interacting photons in a quantum entangled source. Entanglement fidelity. The decrease originates from the decoherence process of the first photon in the plasma, and the specific mechanism is as follows: Collision-induced decoherence: The random flipping of the polarization state caused by the collision of the first photon with the plasma particle corresponds to the phase damping term in the Lindblad master equation, causing the entanglement fidelity to decay exponentially.

[0061] in, Indicates the first t Decoherence per unit optical path at time , Indicates the effective optical path length; Random fluctuations in refractive index (turbulent scattering): Plasma density fluctuations cause spatial-temporal fluctuations in refractive index, resulting in random phase accumulation of the first photon, which is equivalent to pure phase dephasing, making F(t) related to the fluctuation intensity.

[0062] It needs to be emphasized that, The decrease in [quantum entanglement] does not mean that quantum entanglement "disappeared" or that something magical happened inside the target chamber, but rather that the plasma [exhibited a certain level of entanglement]. The decoherence effect is transmitted to the density matrix of the second photon at the statistical level through quantum correlation.

[0063] Furthermore, using Bell parameters in the form of CHSH It can be represented as:

[0064] in, To measure the substrate The correlation function between the polarization measurement results of the first and second photons. To measure the substrate The correlation function between the polarization measurement results of the first and second photons. To measure the substrate The correlation function between the polarization measurement results of the first and second photons. To measure the substrate The correlation function between the polarization measurement results of the first and second photons, a and These represent two measurement settings for the first photon path, b and... These represent two measurement settings for the second photon. The initial entangled state satisfies S>2 (quantum region), and the classically separable state satisfies S≤2 (classical limit).

[0065] Bell parameters in CHSH form The temporal evolution has the following diagnostic value: The duration window reflects the ability of the first photon to maintain quantum coherence through the plasma, and is inversely proportional to the plasma optical thickness. In the supercritical density region, the first photon is either totally internally reflected or strongly absorbed, and no longer forms a measurable quantum correlation with the second photon. It will drop to near the classical limit 2; Bell parameters in CHSH form The descent slope is proportional to the combined decoherence rate of the plasma along the k-th direction for the first path photon, and can be combined with... The dominant source of constraints on decoherence mechanisms; Bell parameters in multi-channel CHSH form Joint analysis: If in a certain direction The fact that the plasma density in this direction decreases to the classical limit earlier than in other directions indicates that the plasma density increases faster in this direction, which may correspond to higher laser energy deposition efficiency in this direction, thus reflecting the anisotropy of multi-path laser energy deposition.

[0066] The statistical significance of the Bell parameter in a single experiment is limited by the number of entangled photons in a single shot; in practical applications, it is necessary to accumulate statistics over multiple experiments or multiple time sub-windows within a nanosecond pulse to ensure... The statistical error is within an acceptable range, requiring that the number of counted events in each time window be >> 100.

[0067] Step S46: Based on the joint counting results under the combination of polarization measurement substrates, construct a polarization correlation function that characterizes the polarization correlation relationship between the first interacting photon and the second photon in the same quantum entangled photon pair.

[0068] In this step, a polarization correlation function is constructed based on the joint counting results under various combinations of polarization measurement substrates to characterize the polarization correlation between the first interacting photon and the second photon in the same quantum entangled photon pair. Specifically, under a given set of polarization measurement substrate combinations, the measurement results of the first and second photons are encoded into different values, for example, the two orthogonal polarization results are recorded as +1 and -1, respectively. Based on the joint counting results recorded in step S43, the corresponding joint probability distribution and its expected value are calculated, thereby obtaining the polarization correlation function value under this measurement substrate combination. By repeating the above calculation under multiple different combinations of polarization measurement substrates, a set of polarization correlation functions that vary with the time window and measurement substrate is obtained, or further arranged and combined into a polarization correlation matrix, which is used to quantitatively characterize the correlation strength, rotation characteristics, and decoherence behavior of the first interacting photon and the second photon in the same quantum entangled photon pair in polarization degrees of freedom, providing a basis for analyzing the Faraday rotation and polarization decoherence effect caused by the plasma self-generated magnetic field.

[0069] Based on the above embodiments, as an optional embodiment, step S5, which involves retrieving the plasma state parameters within the target chamber during laser fusion based on the temporal changes of the joint statistical characteristics, may further include the following: Step S51: Based on the coincidence count rate time series, joint quantum state fidelity time series, Bell parameter time series, and polarization correlation function collected within multiple preset time windows, a joint statistical feature sequence describing the entire laser fusion process is constructed.

[0070] In this step, a joint statistical feature sequence describing the entire laser fusion process is constructed based on the coincidence count rate time series, joint quantum state fidelity time series, Bell parameter time series, and polarization correlation function collected within multiple preset time windows. Specifically, the laser fusion main pulse process is divided into several time windows according to a preset time resolution, and the coincidence count rate in each spatial direction is statistically obtained within each time window. Joint quantum state fidelity Bell parameters The values ​​of the polarization correlation function under different combinations of polarization measurement substrates are also determined, and these statistics are combined in a predetermined order to form the joint feature vector corresponding to the time window. Subsequently, the joint feature vectors of all time windows are arranged in chronological order to obtain the joint statistical feature sequence describing the evolution of the entire laser fusion process.

[0071] Step S52: Based on the Bayesian inference algorithm or the pre-trained machine learning neural network model, perform regression analysis on the joint statistical feature sequence to obtain the plasma state parameters under the corresponding time window.

[0072] In this step, a Bayesian inference method is employed, using the quantum diagnostic features generated from radiation hydrodynamic numerical simulation as the prior distribution. ,in, It is the coincidence count rate of the k-th quantum entangled source. , No. t Entanglement fidelity of the k-th quantum entanglement source at time k and Bell parameters in CHSH form A high-dimensional eigenvector composed of joint statistics, Represents the set of plasma physical parameters. Physical quantities to be inverted include plasma electron density, electron temperature, compression symmetry index, self-generated magnetic field distribution, turbulence intensity, and fusion yield.

[0073] Using measured feature vectors As an observation, using Bayes' theorem:

[0074] in, This represents the measured joint eigenvector obtained through actual experimental measurements; This indicates that in a given set of plasma parameters At that time, the joint eigenvectors obtained theoretically or through numerical simulation prediction The conditional probability distribution of the α, usually given by radiation hydrodynamics and plasma transport simulation, can be regarded as the likelihood function or prior model in Bayesian inference. The expression represents the joint eigenvectors of the measured data. Time plasma parameter set The posterior probability distribution is obtained. The posterior probability distributions of physical quantities such as temperature, density, and fusion yield within the target chamber are then obtained.

[0075] Using a pre-trained machine learning model, the feature vectors The time-series data is input into a convolutional neural network or a long short-term memory network, and the output is the ignition state classification result and / or hot spot parameter estimate.

[0076] Furthermore, the input to the machine learning model only includes the coincidence count rate time series, joint quantum state fidelity time series, and Bell parameter time series collected at multiple preset time points. Specifically, at each time point, the coincidence count rate in each spatial direction is... Entanglement fidelity and Bell parameters The feature vectors at each time point are concatenated in a predetermined order to form the feature vector corresponding to that time point. The feature vectors at all time points are arranged in chronological order to form the time-series input data.

[0077] The machine learning model consists of sequentially connected temporal convolutional layers, recurrent neural network layers, and a fully connected output layer: Temporal convolutional layers perform one-dimensional convolution operations and nonlinear transformations on the input temporal features in the time dimension to extract feature patterns at local time scales; The recurrent neural network layer performs time recursive operations on the feature sequences extracted by convolution to learn the evolution relationship of coincidence count rate, entanglement fidelity and Bell parameter throughout the laser fusion process; The fully connected output layer calculates the corresponding plasma state parameter estimates and / or ignition state classification results based on the output of the recurrent neural network layer.

[0078] The kernel width of a temporal convolutional layer is K. A temporal convolutional layer can be represented as:

[0079] in, This represents the output of a convolutional layer that represents a temporal convolutional layer. This represents the convolution weights corresponding to the p-th time offset. This represents the feature vector at time step np. This represents the bias vector corresponding to the temporal convolutional layer. This represents a non-linear activation function.

[0080] The hidden state layer can be represented as:

[0081] in, hn This represents the hidden state vector at time step n. W h This represents the weights corresponding to the hidden state layer. W z This represents the weights corresponding to the temporal convolutional layer. b 2 This represents the bias vector corresponding to the hidden state layer. This represents the hyperbolic tangent function.

[0082] The output layer takes the hidden state of the last time step. h T As a global feature vector, the plasma state parameter estimation vector is obtained after passing through a fully connected layer. Plasma state parameter estimation vector It can be represented as:

[0083] in, This represents the weights corresponding to the output layer. This represents the bias vector corresponding to the output layer.

[0084] In one example, statistical analysis is performed on the coincidence count rate time series, joint quantum state fidelity time series, Bell parameter time series, and polarization correlation function corresponding to each incident direction. Asymmetry index, multipath cross-correlation function, and peak delay matrix are constructed. The evolution results of asymmetry index, multipath cross-correlation function, and peak delay matrix over time are combined into a high-dimensional joint statistical eigenvector. The high-dimensional joint statistical eigenvector is used as a joint statistical feature characterizing the quantum correlation evolution between the first-path interacting photon and the second-path photon.

[0085] Under ideal spherically symmetric compression conditions, for N incident directions distributed along the center of the sphere, the coincidence count rates of each direction should have the same time evolution pattern, i.e., the compression process is isotropic. When deviating from symmetry, The differences between the components can be attributed to the asymmetry index. Characterization:

[0086] in, This represents the sample standard deviation of the N-way conformity count rate. Represents the mean function. Asymmetry index. The asymmetry index approaches 0 under compressional symmetry; however, it decreases when there is laser power inhomogeneity, target surface defects, or Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) hydrodynamic instability in a specific direction. A measurable increase will occur. Asymmetry index The timing of the peak corresponds to the stage of most severe asymmetric compression, and the peak amplitude can quantitatively constrain the compression non-uniformity, numerically corresponding to the low-order Legendre coefficients of mode decomposition.

[0087] Cross-correlation function (CCF) for coincidence count rate time series in different spatial directions k and j:

[0088] Cross-correlation function peak position This reflects the time delay difference between the compression processes in the k-th and j-th directions, and this time delay difference can be expressed as:

[0089] Time delay difference This represents the difference in the order in which the shock waves arrive at the target center between the k-th and j-th directions. For an N-way system, it can be constructed... N×N Peak delay matrix The convergence time of shock waves in each direction was reconstructed using least squares fitting. The absolute value (relative value at the reference time) is used to assess the time symmetry of the shock wave convergence.

[0090] In some embodiments, a single-channel quantum entanglement diagnostic channel is constructed. A pump laser with a wavelength of 532 nm (pulse width of approximately 5 ns, synchronized with the main driving laser pulse) is used to pump a BBO nonlinear crystal. A polarization-entangled photon pair with a wavelength of 1064 nm is generated through a type II spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) process. The initial entangled state is... The initial fidelity F > 0.95. Entangled photon pairs are split into a first path and a second path using a polarization beam splitter. The first path photon is s-polarized (1064 nm), and the second path photon is p-polarized (1064 nm). The first path photon is guided to the main laser transmission path via a polarization-maintaining fiber, and after being combined with the main laser beam by the polarization beam splitter, it is injected into the target chamber along with the main laser beam, interacting with the target plasma.

[0091] After the first photon penetrates the target chamber, it is collected by a collecting optics system located at the rear of the target chamber and coupled into a single-mode optical fiber, then transmitted to a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD-A) located in a shielded chamber. The second photon bypasses the target chamber and is directly transmitted through the optical fiber to another superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, SNSPD-B. The output electrical signals of both SNSPDs are simultaneously connected to a time-to-digital converter (TDC) and a coincidence counting circuit. Each detected first and second photon is marked with a high-time-resolution arrival time stamp, and a coincidence event (t) is selected within a preset coincidence time window.

[0092] Based on the arrival time sequences of the first and second photons recorded by the time-to-digital converter, the number of coincidence events is counted within multiple preset time windows to obtain the coincidence count rate time series. R c ( t Simultaneously, polarization analysis modules are configured before the first and second photons respectively to perform joint polarization projection measurements on the two photons under multiple preset polarization measurement substrates, obtaining the joint counting results under each polarization substrate combination. Using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) algorithm, quantum state tomography reconstruction is performed on the joint counting data within different time periods (or time windows) to obtain the time-evolving two-photon joint density matrix, and the joint quantum state fidelity time series is calculated from this matrix. F ( t ) and Bell parameter time series numbers defined in CHSH form S ( t ).

[0093] Based on this, a physical model describing the evolution of two-photon joint states in plasma is established, ensuring entanglement fidelity. F ( t ) and Bell parameters S ( t The decay behavior of electrons was quantitatively correlated with macroscopic parameters such as the integral column density and electron temperature of the plasma. A Bayesian inference method was used to obtain the correlation between these parameters and the numerical simulation results. F ( t ), S ( t Time series data is used as a priori model, combined with actual measurements. F ( t ), S ( t The data is used to invert and obtain the posterior distribution of plasma state parameters within the corresponding time window, thereby realizing single-path quantum diagnosis of key plasma parameters.

[0094] In some embodiments, the method is extended to a multi-path omnidirectional quantum diagnostic configuration to characterize the three-dimensional compression symmetry, shock wave convergence timing, and self-generated magnetic field distribution of the inertial confinement fusion target in multiple dimensions.

[0095] For the 48 main irradiation directions of the inertial confinement fusion device, a SPDC entangled light source module is deployed in each incident direction, resulting in a total of 48 entangled light sources. The center wavelength of each entangled photon pair is set in the range of 1063–1068 nm. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology is used to achieve frequency multiplexing and demultiplexing of multiple entangled light in the same optical fiber or the same optical path. The first photon of each entangled photon pair is injected into the target chamber along with the strong laser beam in the corresponding direction and interacts with the plasma; the corresponding second photon is transmitted through an independent optical fiber link to its respective SNSPD-B detector channel and quantum state tomography (QST) module for parallel reception and analysis.

[0096] The detection signals from 48 groups of SNSPD-A (A-channel) and 48 groups of SNSPD-B (B-channel) are uniformly converged to the central data acquisition and processing system. The central system performs multi-channel parallel coincidence event selection and quantum state tomography on the time-stamped data from all channels: on the one hand, it statistically obtains the coincidence count rate timing in each direction. On the other hand, joint counting results are obtained under multiple polarization measurement substrates in various directions, and the joint density matrix is ​​independently reconstructed for each two-photon system to obtain the direction-resolved joint quantum state fidelity time series. Bell parameter timing And the polarization correlation matrix.

[0097] After obtaining the aforementioned multi-channel quantum diagnostic data, a multi-dimensional analysis of the target compression process was conducted, including but not limited to: (1) Compression symmetry and instability analysis: Statistical analysis of coincidence count rate time series in 48 directions and joint quantum state fidelity timing Given the variance of the distribution at a given time, construct a multi-directional coincidence rate vector and a fidelity vector, and decompose their spatial distribution using spherical harmonic functions to extract low-order spherical harmonic coefficients. This allows for real-time tracking of the development of modal asymmetry and hydrodynamic instabilities such as Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) during the target compression process.

[0098] (2) Shock wave convergence time sequence symmetry analysis: for each direction The curve is used to extract the time when it reaches its minimum value (corresponding to the peak compression or stagnation moment), and the time difference between different directions is calculated. By analyzing the distribution characteristics of the time delay matrix, the relative differences in the convergence time of shock waves in each incident direction are evaluated, thereby quantifying the spatiotemporal symmetry of the compression process.

[0099] (3) Reconstruction of the self-generated magnetic field distribution: Using the polarization correlation matrix of 48 directions and the first photon Faraday rotation angle distribution obtained from it, combined with vector tomography or other inversion algorithms, the three-dimensional distribution of the self-generated magnetic field inside the target chamber is reconstructed in a low order to obtain the time evolution characteristics of the magnetic field strength and direction.

[0100] (4) Intelligent ignition status diagnosis: The above-mentioned multi-path joint statistical features, spherical harmonic expansion coefficients, time delay matrix, self-generated magnetic field related features, etc. are arranged in time to form a high-dimensional feature sequence, which is then input into a pre-trained deep neural network model. The model outputs ignition status classification results (such as no ignition, edge ignition, and complete ignition) and estimated values ​​of key hot spot parameters, realizing real-time intelligent diagnosis and evaluation of each laser fusion experiment.

[0101] Based on the above method, this application discloses a quantum entangled laser fusion detection system, with reference to... Figure 2 The quantum entangled laser fusion detection system 1 includes a photon pair generation module 11, a feature joint module 12, and a parameter inversion module 13, wherein... The photon pair generation module 11 is used to generate multiple independent sets of quantum entangled photon pairs, each set of quantum entangled photon pairs containing a first path of photons and a second path of photons; The feature combination module 12 is used to combine the first photon in each quantum entangled photon pair with the strong laser beam in the corresponding direction of the first photon, so that the first photon is injected into the target chamber of the inertial confinement fusion device along with the strong laser beam, so that the first photon interacts with the plasma in the target chamber to generate the first interacting photon. The first interacting photon penetrating the target chamber and the second photon outside the target chamber are collected. The first interacting photon is transmitted to the first photon detector array located in the shielding area of ​​the inertial confinement fusion device, and the second photon is transmitted to the second photon detector array located outside the target chamber. The first interacting photon and the second photon in the same quantum entangled photon pair are subjected to coincidence measurement and joint quantum state tomography to extract joint statistical features characterizing the evolution of quantum correlation between the first interacting photon and the second photon. The parameter inversion module 13 is used to invert the plasma state parameters in the target chamber during laser fusion based on the temporal changes of joint statistical characteristics, so as to obtain the plasma state in the target chamber.

[0102] In one example, different sets of quantum entangled photon pairs have different center wavelengths, or different sets of quantum entangled photon pairs correspond to different incident directions of a strong laser beam, or any two quantum entangled photon pairs are in mutually orthogonal polarization modes, or different sets of quantum entangled photon pairs are injected into the target chamber within different time windows of the laser pulse.

[0103] In one example, the joint statistical features include one or more of the coincidence count rate timing, joint quantum state fidelity timing, Bell parameter timing, and polarization correlation function.

[0104] In one example, the feature joint module 12 is used to connect the output electrical signals of the first and second photon detector arrays to a time-to-digital converter, respectively, to mark the arrival time of each detected first-path interacting photon and second-path photon; within a preset time window, based on the arrival time marks corresponding to the first-path interacting photons and second-path photons, events whose arrival time difference falls within the preset time window are selected as coincidence events from the same quantum entangled photon pair, and the coincidence count rate timing is statistically analyzed in different time windows; joint projection measurements are performed on the first-path interacting photons and second-path photons under multiple preset polarization measurement substrates to obtain the results of each polarization measurement substrate combination. Joint counting results; based on the joint counting results under various polarization measurement basis combinations, quantum state tomography reconstruction is performed on the two-photon system composed of the first-path interacting photon and the second-path photon within different time windows to obtain the two-photon joint density matrix evolving over time; according to the two-photon joint density matrix, the joint quantum state fidelity time series of the joint state of the first-path interacting photon and the second-path photon in the same quantum entangled photon pair relative to the initial target Bell state and the Bell parameter time series defined in the CHSH form are calculated; based on the joint counting results under various polarization measurement basis combinations, a polarization correlation function characterizing the polarization correlation relationship between the first-path interacting photon and the second-path photon in the same quantum entangled photon pair is constructed.

[0105] In one example, the parameter inversion module 13 is used to construct a joint statistical feature sequence describing the entire laser fusion process based on the coincidence count rate time series, joint quantum state fidelity time series, Bell parameter time series, and polarization correlation function collected within multiple preset time windows; and to perform regression solving on the joint statistical feature sequence based on a Bayesian inference algorithm or a pre-trained machine learning neural network model to obtain the plasma state parameters under the corresponding time window.

[0106] In one example, it also includes: Statistical analysis was performed on the coincidence count rate time series, joint quantum state fidelity time series, Bell parameter time series, and polarization correlation function corresponding to each incident direction. Asymmetry index, multipath cross-correlation function, and peak delay matrix were constructed. The evolution results of asymmetry index, multipath cross-correlation function, and peak delay matrix over time were combined into a high-dimensional joint statistical eigenvector. The high-dimensional joint statistical eigenvector was used as a joint statistical feature to characterize the quantum correlation evolution between the first-path interacting photon and the second-path photon.

[0107] In one example, quantum entangled photon pairs are produced by one or more of the following physical processes: Quantum entangled photon pairs are generated by utilizing the spontaneous parametric downconversion process in nonlinear crystals; Under the condition of electromagnetic induction transparency of cold atom ensemble, quantum entangled photon pairs are generated through a four-wave mixing process; Quantum entangled photon pairs are generated in an integrated photonic chip using a spontaneous four-wave mixing process.

[0108] Please see Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device 2 may include: at least one processor 21, at least one network interface 24, user interface 23, memory 25, and at least one communication bus 22.

[0109] The communication bus 22 is used to enable communication between these components.

[0110] The user interface 23 may include a display screen and a camera. Optionally, the user interface 23 may also include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface.

[0111] The network interface 24 may optionally include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface (such as a Wi-Fi interface).

[0112] The processor 21 may include one or more processing cores. The processor 21 connects to various parts of the server using various interfaces and lines, and performs various server functions and processes data by running or executing instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in the memory 25, and by calling data stored in the memory 25. Optionally, the processor 21 may be implemented using at least one hardware form of Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or Programmable Logic Array (PLA). The processor 21 may integrate one or a combination of several of the following: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), and modem. The CPU primarily handles the operating system, user interface, and applications; the GPU is responsible for rendering and drawing the content required for display; and the modem handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem may also be implemented as a separate chip without being integrated into the processor 21.

[0113] The memory 25 may include random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory. Optionally, the memory 25 may include non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The memory 25 can be used to store instructions, programs, code, code sets, or instruction sets. The memory 25 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for at least one function (such as touch function, sound playback function, image playback function, etc.), instructions for implementing the above-described method embodiments, etc.; the data storage area may store data involved in the above-described method embodiments, etc. Optionally, the memory 25 may also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor 21. Figure 3 As shown, the memory 25, which serves as a computer storage medium, may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and an application program for a quantum entanglement laser fusion detection method.

[0114] exist Figure 3 In the electronic device 2 shown, the user interface 23 is mainly used to provide an input interface for the user and to obtain the user input data; while the processor 21 can be used to call the application program of a quantum entanglement laser fusion detection method stored in the memory 25. When executed by one or more processors, the electronic device executes one or more methods as described in the above embodiments.

[0115] A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause a computer to perform one or more methods as described in the above embodiments.

[0116] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0117] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0118] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the shown or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be through some service interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between apparatuses or units may be electrical or other forms.

[0119] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0120] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0121] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage device (CMD). Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a memory and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned memory includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0122] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting quantum entangled laser fusion, characterized in that, The method includes: Multiple independent pairs of quantum entangled photons are generated, each pair of quantum entangled photons including a first path photon and a second path photon; The first photon in each quantum entangled photon pair is combined with a high-intensity laser beam in the direction corresponding to the first photon, and the first photon is injected into the target chamber of the inertial confinement fusion device along with the high-intensity laser beam, so that the first photon interacts with the plasma in the target chamber to generate the first interacting photon. The system collects a first path of interacting photons that penetrates the target chamber and a second path of photons outside the target chamber. The first path of interacting photons is transmitted to a first path photon detector array located in the shielded area of ​​the inertial confinement fusion device, and the second path of photons is transmitted to a second path photon detector array located outside the target chamber. By performing coincidence measurement and joint quantum state tomography on the first and second interacting photons in the same quantum entangled photon pair, joint statistical features characterizing the evolution of quantum correlation between the first and second interacting photons are extracted. Based on the temporal changes of the joint statistical characteristics, the plasma state parameters in the target chamber during laser fusion are retrieved to obtain the plasma state in the target chamber.

2. The quantum entangled laser fusion detection method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Different sets of quantum entangled photon pairs have different center wavelengths, or different sets of quantum entangled photon pairs correspond to different incident directions of strong laser beams, or any two quantum entangled photon pairs are in mutually orthogonal polarization modes, or different sets of quantum entangled photon pairs are injected into the target chamber within different time windows of the laser pulse.

3. The quantum entangled laser fusion detection method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The joint statistical features include one or more of the following: coincidence count rate timing, joint quantum state fidelity timing, Bell parameter timing, and polarization correlation function.

4. The quantum entangled laser fusion detection method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The extraction of joint statistical features characterizing the evolution of quantum correlation between the first-path interacting photon and the second-path photon specifically includes: The output electrical signals of the first and second photon detector arrays are respectively connected to a time-to-digital converter to mark the arrival time of each detected first-path interacting photon and second-path photon. Within a preset time window, based on the arrival time markers corresponding to the first interacting photon and the second photon, events whose arrival time difference falls within the preset time window are selected as coincidence events from the same quantum entangled photon pair, and the coincidence count rate timing is counted in different time windows. Joint projection measurements are performed on the first and second interacting photons under multiple preset polarization measurement substrates to obtain the joint counting results under each combination of polarization measurement substrates; Based on the joint counting results under various polarization measurement substrate combinations, quantum state tomography reconstruction is performed on the two-photon system composed of the first-path interacting photon and the second-path photon in different time windows to obtain the two-photon joint density matrix that evolves over time. Based on the two-photon joint density matrix, calculate the joint quantum state fidelity time series of the joint state of the first interacting photon and the second photon in the same quantum entangled photon pair relative to the initial target Bell state, as well as the Bell parameter time series based on the CHSH-type Bell inequality definition; Based on the joint counting results under various polarization measurement substrate combinations, a polarization correlation function is constructed to characterize the polarization correlation relationship between the first interacting photon and the second photon in the same quantum entangled photon pair.

5. The quantum entangled laser fusion detection method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of retrieving plasma state parameters within the target chamber during laser fusion based on the temporal changes of the joint statistical characteristics specifically includes: Based on the coincidence count rate time series, joint quantum state fidelity time series, Bell parameter time series, and polarization correlation function collected within multiple preset time windows, a joint statistical feature sequence describing the entire laser fusion process is constructed. The joint statistical feature sequence is regressed using a Bayesian inference algorithm or a pre-trained machine learning neural network model to obtain plasma state parameters under the corresponding time window.

6. The quantum entangled laser fusion detection method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Statistical analysis was performed on the coincidence count rate time series, joint quantum state fidelity time series, Bell parameter time series, and polarization correlation function corresponding to each incident direction to construct an asymmetry index, a multipath cross-correlation function, and a peak delay matrix. The evolution results of the asymmetry index, the multipath cross-correlation function, and the peak delay matrix over time were combined into a high-dimensional joint statistical feature vector, which was then used as a joint statistical feature characterizing the quantum correlation evolution between the first-path interacting photon and the second-path photon.

7. The quantum entangled laser fusion detection method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The quantum entangled photon pair is generated by one or more of the following physical processes: Quantum entangled photon pairs are generated by utilizing the spontaneous parametric downconversion process in nonlinear crystals; Under the condition of electromagnetic induction transparency of cold atom ensemble, quantum entangled photon pairs are generated through a four-wave mixing process; Quantum entangled photon pairs are generated in an integrated photonic chip using a spontaneous four-wave mixing process.

8. A quantum entangled laser fusion detection system, characterized in that, The quantum entangled laser fusion detection system includes a photon pair generation module, a feature joint module, and a parameter inversion module, wherein... The photon pair generation module is used to generate multiple independent sets of quantum entangled photon pairs, each set of quantum entangled photon pairs including a first path photon and a second path photon; The feature combination module is used to combine the first photon in each quantum entangled photon pair with a strong laser beam in the corresponding direction of the first photon, so that the first photon is injected into the target chamber of the inertial confinement fusion device along with the strong laser beam, so that the first photon interacts with the plasma in the target chamber to generate a first interacting photon. The first interacting photon penetrating the target chamber and the second photon outside the target chamber are collected. The first interacting photon is transmitted to a first photon detector array located in the shielding area of ​​the inertial confinement fusion device, and the second photon is transmitted to a second photon detector array located outside the target chamber. The first interacting photon and the second photon in the same quantum entangled photon pair are subjected to coincidence measurement and joint quantum state tomography to extract joint statistical features characterizing the evolution of quantum correlation between the first interacting photon and the second photon. The parameter inversion module is used to invert the plasma state parameters in the target chamber during laser fusion based on the temporal changes of the joint statistical characteristics, so as to obtain the plasma state in the target chamber.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes a processor, a memory, a user interface, and a network interface. The memory is used to store instructions, the user interface and the network interface are used to communicate with other devices, and the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory to cause the electronic device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

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