A transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with hot oil forced circulation guide structure

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of transformer cooling technology, and especially relates to a transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a hot oil forced circulation guide structure. The existing forced oil circulation cooling system cannot adjust the cooling oil flow according to the actual thermal load difference of each winding, and the vertical injection of cold oil leads to insufficient heat exchange in the winding, and the oil pillow lacks active cooling capacity. The oil tank comprises an oil tank, a transformer, a cover plate, a backflow box, an oil injection pipe and a circulation mechanism. The circulation mechanism comprises a backflow pipe II, a backflow pipe III and an air cooler. The circulation mechanism further comprises multiple sets of adjusting mechanisms. The adjusting mechanism comprises a collecting pipe and a bimetallic baffle arranged in the collecting pipe. The bimetallic baffle is bent by heat to change the oil inlet cross-sectional area of the collecting pipe. The oil tank further comprises an oil pillow connected with an exhaust pipe and an air inlet pipe. The air inlet pipe is connected with a silica gel tank and an oil collecting box. The oil tank is used for transformer cooling, can adjust the oil amount according to the winding temperature, and improves the cooling uniformity and insulation reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of transformer cooling technology, and in particular to a high-voltage cooling oil tank for transformers with a forced hot oil circulation and guiding structure. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of power transformers, losses in the windings and core generate a large amount of heat. Excessive temperature accelerates insulation aging, shortens equipment lifespan, and can even cause malfunctions. Large oil-immersed transformers often employ forced oil circulation cooling to control temperature rise.

[0003] Existing forced oil circulation systems mostly use a single circulation loop, drawing hot oil from the top of the tank, cooling it externally, and then returning it from the bottom. Due to uneven load distribution among the transformer windings, the heat generation varies. Traditional systems cannot adjust the cooling oil flow rate according to the actual heat load of each area, resulting in insufficient cooling and excessive temperature rise in heavily loaded windings, while lightly loaded windings are over-cooled. This limits the overall cooling efficiency and the transformer's load capacity.

[0004] Meanwhile, when the cooling oil enters the oil tank after external cooling, it is generally injected vertically. This method causes the cooling oil to mix only at the bottom of the winding. Subsequently, due to the density difference, the oil rises rapidly and has a short residence time in the oil channels inside the winding, resulting in insufficient heat exchange. This leads to poor cooling effect in the middle and upper parts of the winding and a large temperature gradient along the height direction.

[0005] In addition, transformer oil conservator is mainly used for oil quantity compensation and breathing function, and lacks the ability to actively cool the internal cooling oil. In high-temperature environments, the cooling oil in the oil conservator mainly relies on natural convection for heat dissipation, which is inefficient. When the oil temperature is too high, it will carry heat into the oil tank through the connecting pipe, which will have an adverse effect on the main circulation cooling.

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, it is necessary to provide a transformer tank cooling system that can adaptively adjust the cooling oil flow rate based on the actual heat load of each winding, optimize the cooling oil injection method to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the oil channels inside the windings, and enhance the cooling effect by utilizing the oil conservator structure. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing forced oil circulation cooling systems, which cannot adjust the cooling oil flow rate according to the actual heat load differences of each winding, and whose vertical injection of cold oil leads to insufficient heat exchange inside the windings, while the oil tank lacks active cooling capability. Therefore, this invention proposes a transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation structure includes an oil tank and a transformer placed inside the oil tank. A cover plate is fixed to the top of the oil tank, a return box is fixed to the bottom of the oil tank, a base is fixed to the bottom of the return box, and multiple oil injection pipes are fixed to the inner wall of the bottom of the return box. The top ends of the multiple oil injection pipes are fixedly extended into the oil tank. The oil injection pipes are located directly below the windings inside the transformer. Circulation mechanisms are provided on both sides of the oil tank to circulate the cooling oil in the oil tank to cool the transformer. The circulation mechanism includes a return pipe II and a return pipe III fixed on one side of the oil tank and arranged vertically. A wind cooler is connected between the return pipe II and the return pipe III through a pipe, and the wind cooler is fixed to one side of the oil tank.

[0010] The circulation mechanism also includes multiple sets of adjustment mechanisms, which correspond to the positions of multiple windings in the transformer. Each adjustment mechanism includes a collection pipe that is fixed through the cover plate, and a bimetallic baffle is provided inside the collection pipe.

[0011] The oil tank is equipped with multiple sets of oil injection mechanisms. Each oil injection mechanism includes a circular guide box installed inside the oil tank. The circular guide box is located directly below the winding inside the transformer, and the top of the circular guide box has multiple oil outlets.

[0012] It also includes an exhaust mechanism, which includes an oil tank fixed to one side of the oil tank by a frame. An exhaust pipe and an intake pipe are fixed to the top and one end of the oil tank, respectively, and both the exhaust pipe and the intake pipe are equipped with a one-way valve.

[0013] In one possible design, the circulation mechanism further includes a circulation pump I and a return pipe I fixed to the top of the cover plate. The outlet end of the circulation pump I is fixedly connected to the return pipe II via a pipe, and the inlet end of the circulation pump I is connected to the return pipe I via a pipe. The top ends of the plurality of collection pipes are fixedly extended into the return pipe I. A circulation pump II is fixed to one side of the oil tank. The inlet end of the circulation pump II is fixedly connected to the bottom of the return pipe III via a pipe, and the outlet end of the circulation pump II is fixedly extended into the return box via a pipe.

[0014] In one possible design, the regulating mechanism further includes a flared mouth, the bottom end of the collecting pipe extends into the oil tank and is fixedly connected to the top of the flared mouth, and the bottom inner diameter of the flared mouth is larger than the top inner diameter. A fixing rod is fixed inside the collecting pipe, and the bottom of the fixing rod is fixedly connected to the top of the bimetallic baffle through a vertical rod. The bimetallic baffle bends after being heated to reduce the resistance of hot oil in the collecting pipe.

[0015] In one possible design, the oil injection mechanism further includes a circular groove at the top of the oil injection pipe. The outer wall of the oil injection pipe is provided with multiple sets of oil inlet components from top to bottom. The multiple sets of oil inlet components are composed of multiple oil inlet holes, and the oil inlet holes are connected to the circular groove. The multiple oil inlet holes in two adjacent oil inlet components are staggered. The top of the oil injection pipe is fixedly connected to a circular guide box. The top of the circular guide box is fixed with a disc by bolts, and the multiple oil outlets are all located in the disc.

[0016] In one possible design, the oil outlet is inclined, with the center line of the oil outlet forming an angle of 15°-45° with the winding axis.

[0017] In one possible design, the exhaust mechanism further includes a hollow tube fixed inside the oil conservator, the length of which is in the same direction as the axis of the oil conservator. The outer wall of the hollow tube is provided with multiple air outlets. The air inlet is L-shaped, with its horizontal section extending into the hollow tube. The bottom end of the vertical section of the air inlet is fixedly connected to a silica gel canister filled with silica gel desiccant for drying the outside air. The bottom end of the silica gel canister is fixedly connected to an oil collection box containing transformer oil. The top of the oil collection box is fixedly equipped with multiple U-shaped tubes with their openings facing downwards. One end of each U-shaped tube extends into the oil collection box and is located below the transformer oil level. The other end of each U-shaped tube extends to the outside of the oil collection box. A connecting pipe is fixedly connected to one side of the oil conservator, with its bottom end penetrating the cover plate and extending into the oil tank.

[0018] In one possible design, a protective sleeve is fixedly fitted on the outer wall of the air intake pipe, and the silicone canister, oil collection box, and U-shaped tube are all housed inside the protective sleeve.

[0019] In one possible design, two rotating rings are rotatably fitted onto the outer wall of the hollow tube. The two rotating rings, on opposite sides, are rotatably connected to the inner walls of the oil conservator on both sides. Multiple levers are fixed between the two rotating rings. Multiple magnets I are fixedly embedded on the side of the rotating ring away from the intake pipe. A rotating disk is rotatably connected to the end of the oil conservator near the magnets I via a rotating shaft. Multiple magnets II are fixedly embedded on the side of the rotating disk near the oil conservator, and magnets II and magnets I form a magnetic coupling, which is used to drive the rotating rings to rotate via the rotating disk. A toothed ring I is fixed on the side of the rotating disk away from the oil conservator, and the toothed ring I is coaxial with the rotating disk. A rotating shaft is rotatably connected to one end of the oil conservator. A toothed ring II is fixedly fitted onto the outer wall of the rotating shaft, and the toothed ring II meshes with the toothed ring I. A connecting rod is fixedly fitted onto the outer wall of the rotating shaft, and a plate-shaped pendulum is fixed to the bottom end of the connecting rod.

[0020] In one possible design, a protective box is fixed to one end of the oil conservator, and the rotating disk, gear ring I, and gear ring II are all disposed inside the protective box to protect the rotating disk, gear ring I, and gear ring II. One end of the rotating shaft extends rotatably to one side of the protective box, and the connecting rod and plate-shaped pendulum are located on the side of the protective box away from the oil conservator.

[0021] In one possible design, the top and bottom inner walls of the reflux box are fixed with multiple reinforcing ribs, and two sets of heat-conducting rods arranged vertically are fixedly inserted through the reflux box. Each heat-conducting rod set consists of multiple heat-conducting rods, and both ends of the multiple heat-conducting rods are fixedly inserted through the corresponding reinforcing ribs and extend to one side of the reflux box.

[0022] Beneficial effects: In this invention, by setting up multiple sets of adjustment mechanisms, the effective flow cross-sectional area of ​​the collection pipe is changed by the bending deformation of the bimetallic baffle due to heat. This allows the cooling system to automatically adjust the cooling oil flow rate of each branch according to the actual heat load of each winding area. When the load of a certain winding increases and the oil temperature in that area rises, the corresponding bimetallic baffle bends to increase the oil flow area of ​​that branch, allowing more cooling oil to flow through that area. This achieves enhanced cooling of the overloaded winding, improving the reliability and load capacity of the transformer operation.

[0023] In this invention, the circular guide box and inclined oil outlet in the oil injection mechanism allow the cold oil to be sprayed at an angle of 15°-45° to the winding axis. The cold oil forms a spiral upward flow on the winding surface, which prolongs the flow path and residence time of the cooling oil in the winding oil channels, promotes the mixing of hot and cold oil in the radial direction, makes the overall temperature distribution of the winding more uniform, and improves the heat exchange efficiency between the cooling oil and the winding.

[0024] In this invention, the air entering the oil conservator is filtered and dust-removed by the transformer oil in the oil collection box, and the air is dehumidified by the silica gel desiccant in the silica gel can, ensuring that the air entering the oil conservator is clean and dry, and preventing dust and moisture in the external air from contaminating the transformer oil. Simultaneously, the hollow tube and air outlet inside the oil conservator allow the dry air to directly contact the cooling oil, cooling the oil and improving the heat dissipation conditions of the cooling oil inside the conservator.

[0025] In this invention, a rotatable lever and a magnetic coupling transmission structure are installed inside the oil conservator. External wind energy drives the lever to rotate and stir the cooling oil within the conservator. This promotes the release of dissolved air from the cooling oil and accelerates heat exchange between the cooling oil and dry air. This structure fully utilizes external wind energy, eliminating the need for additional electrical power and reducing operating energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure provided by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 A three-dimensional exploded structural diagram of the return pipe I and cover plate of a transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 A partial cross-sectional view of the collection pipe of a transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure provided by the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 A three-dimensional exploded view of the circular guide box and disc of a transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guide structure provided by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a partial three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the oil injection pipe of a transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure provided by the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the oil conservator of a transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure provided by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 9 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the protective cylinder and oil collection box of a transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure provided by the present invention.

[0035] Figure 10 A three-dimensional exploded view of the rotating ring and rotating disk of a transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure provided by the present invention.

[0036] Figure 11 A three-dimensional exploded view of the rotating disk, toothed ring I, and plate-shaped pendulum of a transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure provided by the present invention.

[0037] Figure 12This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the return box of a transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure provided by the present invention.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Oil tank; 2. Transformer; 3. Cover plate; 4. Return pipe I; 5. Return pipe II; 6. Circulation pump I; 7. Collection pipe; 8. Bell mouth; 9. Fixing rod; 10. Bimetallic baffle; 11. Air cooler; 12. Return pipe III; 13. Circulation pump II; 14. Return box; 15. Oil injection pipe; 16. Circular groove; 17. Oil inlet; 18. Circular guide box; 19. Disc; 20. Oil outlet; 21. Oil conservator; 22. 23. Connecting pipe; 24. Exhaust pipe; 25. Hollow pipe; 26. Air outlet; 27. Air inlet pipe; 28. Silicone canister; 29. ​​Oil collection box; 30. U-shaped tube; 31. Protective cylinder; 32. Rotating ring; 33. Paddle plate; 34. Magnet I; 35. Rotating disk; 36. Magnet II; 37. Gear ring I; 38. Rotating shaft; 39. Gear ring II; 40. Connecting rod; 41. Plate-shaped pendulum; 42. Reinforcing rib; 43. Heat-conducting rod; 44. Base. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0040] In one embodiment: Refer to Figures 1-3 A transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation and guiding structure is disclosed, relating to the field of transformer cooling technology. It mainly includes an oil tank 1 and a transformer 2 placed inside the oil tank 1. A cover plate 3 is fixed on the top of the oil tank 1. As the main container for holding the transformer 2 and cooling oil, the oil tank 1 must meet the requirements of bearing the weight of the transformer 2 and the internal oil pressure.

[0041] Reference Figures 1-3 A return box 14 is fixed to the bottom of the oil tank 1, and a base 43 is fixed to the bottom of the return box 14. The return box 14 is used to collect the low-temperature cooling oil after external cooling and distribute it to each oil injection pipe 15. Multiple oil injection pipes 15 are fixed to the bottom inner wall of the return box 14. The top ends of the multiple oil injection pipes 15 are fixed to the inside of the oil tank 1. The setting position of the oil injection pipes 15 corresponds to the windings in the transformer 2, that is, the oil injection pipes 15 are located directly below the windings in the transformer 2, so as to ensure that the cooling oil can be directly sprayed to the winding area where the heat is most concentrated.

[0042] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4A circulation mechanism is provided on both sides of the oil tank 1. The circulation mechanism is used to circulate the cooling oil in the oil tank 1 to cool the transformer 2. The circulation mechanism includes a return pipe II 5 and a return pipe III 12 fixed on one side of the oil tank 1. The return pipe II 5 and the return pipe III 12 are arranged vertically on the same side of the oil tank 1. The return pipe II 5 and the return pipe III 12 are connected by a pipe to an air cooler 11, which is fixed on one side of the oil tank 1. The air cooler 11 is used to exchange heat between the high-temperature cooling oil flowing through it and the outside air, thereby reducing the temperature of the cooling oil. The air cooler 11 usually contains multiple finned tubes to increase the heat dissipation area and improve the cooling efficiency.

[0043] Reference Figures 2-4 The circulation mechanism also includes a circulation pump I6 and a return pipe I4 fixed to the top of the cover plate 3. The outlet end of the circulation pump I6 is fixedly connected to the return pipe II5 through a pipe, and the inlet end of the circulation pump I6 is connected to the return pipe I4 through a pipe. The top ends of multiple collection pipes 7 are fixedly extended into the return pipe I4. The collection pipes 7 are used to collect the hot oil in the upper layer of the oil tank 1. A circulation pump II13 is fixed to one side of the oil tank 1. The inlet end of the circulation pump II13 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the return pipe III12 through a pipe. The outlet of the circulating pump II13 is fixedly extended into the return box 14 through a pipe. The cooperation of the circulating pump I6 and the circulating pump II13 can inject the hot oil in the upper part of the oil tank 1 into the air cooler 11 for cooling through the collection pipe 7, return pipe I4, and return pipe II5. The cooling oil becomes hot oil after being heated by the transformer 2. The hot oil becomes cold oil after being cooled by the air cooler 11. The cold oil is reinjected into the oil tank 1 through the return pipe III12, return box 14, and oil injection pipe 15 to cool the transformer 2.

[0044] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5The circulation mechanism also includes multiple sets of adjustment mechanisms to regulate the flow rate of the cooling oil. These adjustment mechanisms correspond one-to-one with the positions of multiple windings within the transformer 2. Each adjustment mechanism includes a collection pipe 7 fixedly passing through the cover plate 3. A bimetallic baffle 10 is installed inside the collection pipe 7. The adjustment mechanism also includes a flared opening 8. The bottom end of the collection pipe 7 extends into the oil tank 1 and is fixedly connected to the top of the flared opening 8. The bottom inner diameter of the flared opening 8 is larger than its top inner diameter. The shape of the flared opening 8 helps to expand the collection area of ​​the hot oil, allowing the hot oil to enter the collection pipe 7 more smoothly. A fixing rod 9 is fixed inside the collection pipe 7. The bottom of the fixing rod 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the bimetallic baffle 10 via a vertical rod. The bimetallic baffle 10 is composed of two metal materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion. For example, the active layer can be made of a manganese-nickel-copper alloy, and the passive layer can be made of a nickel-iron alloy. When the temperature... During operation, the bimetallic baffle 10 bends due to the difference in thermal expansion between its two metal layers. The bimetallic baffle 10 bends upon heating to reduce the flow resistance of the hot oil in the collection pipe 7. When one winding in the transformer 2 is overloaded, the coolant in that area heats up rapidly, forming hot oil through heat exchange. As the hot oil passes through the corresponding collection pipe 7, the bimetallic baffle 10 bends due to the difference in physical thermal expansion, thus reducing the flow resistance. Physically, the bending of the bimetallic baffle 10 increases the inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding collection pipe 7, while the bimetallic baffles 10 for the other windings remain straight, with the cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding collection pipe 7 remaining unchanged. Under the suction of the return pipe II 5, more hot oil flows through the collection pipe 7 with its increased cross-sectional area, thereby enhancing the cooling of the corresponding overloaded winding. The bimetallic baffle 10 has a cantilever structure, with one end fixed to the bottom of the vertical rod and the other end free. A limiting block is also fixed to the inner wall of the collecting pipe 7. The limiting block is located directly below the free end of the bimetallic baffle 10. It is used to limit the downward bending stroke of the bimetallic baffle 10 when it is not heated or is insufficiently heated, ensuring that it can accurately return to its initial position. When the temperature drops, the bimetallic baffle 10 returns to a straight state by its own elastic restoring force and the combined action of the limiting block, thereby restoring the initial oil inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the collecting pipe 7.

[0045] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7The oil tank 1 is equipped with multiple sets of oil injection mechanisms. The oil injection mechanisms are used to ensure that the multiple windings in the transformer 2 are fully cooled. The oil injection mechanism includes a circular guide box 18 installed in the oil tank 1. The circular guide box 18 is located directly below the windings in the transformer 2. The oil injection mechanism also includes a circular groove 16 installed at the top of the oil injection pipe 15. The outer wall of the oil injection pipe 15 is provided with multiple sets of oil inlet components from top to bottom. The multiple sets of oil inlet components are composed of multiple oil inlet holes 17, and the oil inlet holes 17 are connected to the circular groove 16. The multiple oil inlet holes 17 in two adjacent oil inlet components are staggered. The top of the oil injection pipe 15 is fixedly connected to the circular guide box 18. The top of the circular guide box 18 is fixed with a disc 19 by bolts. Multiple oil outlets 20 are installed in the disc 19. The oil outlets 20 are designed so that the cold oil formed after being cooled by the air cooler 11 flows from bottom to top towards the windings in a sprinkler-like manner through the oil outlets 20, thereby cooling the windings.

[0046] Reference Figure 6 The oil outlet 20 is set at an angle, and the center line of the oil outlet 20 forms an angle with the winding axis. The angle range is 15°-45°. When the cold oil is discharged through the oil outlet 20, the oil flow forms a spiral flow state on the outer wall of the winding. The oil flow rises spirally along the outer ring of the winding, and a stable spiral flow field is formed in the oil channel of the entire winding. The cold oil passes through the winding in a spiral trajectory and sweeps across each conductor in the circumferential direction. Compared with vertical flow, the contact path of spiral flow is longer and the heat exchange process is more complete. At the same time, the spiral motion causes the cold and hot oil to mix continuously in the radial direction, making the overall temperature distribution of the winding more uniform.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 8 The transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation and guiding structure also includes an exhaust mechanism. The exhaust mechanism is used to control the amount of oil in the oil tank 1 during the heating or cooling process of the cooling oil in the oil tank 1. The exhaust mechanism includes an oil conservator 21 fixed to one side of the oil tank 1 by a frame. An exhaust pipe 23 and an intake pipe 26 are fixed to the top and one end of the oil conservator 21, respectively. Both the exhaust pipe 23 and the intake pipe 26 are equipped with one-way valves. The one-way valves are used to exhaust or draw air from the oil conservator 21 during the heating or cooling process of the cooling oil. A connecting pipe 22 is fixedly connected to one side of the oil conservator 21. The bottom end of the connecting pipe 22 is fixedly inserted through the cover plate 3 and extends into the oil tank 1.

[0048] Specifically, when the oil temperature in the oil tank 1 rises, the cooling oil expands due to heat, and the hot oil in the oil tank 1 is injected into the oil conservator 21 through the connecting pipe 22. At this time, the volume of the hot oil in the oil conservator 21 increases, and the air in the oil conservator 21 is discharged through the exhaust pipe 23. When the oil temperature in the oil tank 1 decreases, the volume of the cooling oil decreases, and the coolant in the oil conservator 21 flows back to the oil tank 1 through the connecting pipe 22. The volume of the coolant in the oil conservator 21 decreases, generating negative pressure, which draws outside air into the oil conservator 21.

[0049] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 The exhaust mechanism also includes a hollow tube 24 fixed inside the oil conservator 21, with the length of the hollow tube 24 aligned with the axis of the oil conservator 21. The outer wall of the hollow tube 24 has multiple air outlets 25. An intake pipe 26 has an L-shaped structure, with its horizontal section extending into the hollow tube 24. The bottom of the vertical section of the intake pipe 26 is fixedly connected to a silica gel canister 27, which is filled with silica gel desiccant used to dry the outside air. The bottom of the silica gel canister 27 is fixedly connected to an oil collection box 28, which stores transformer oil. Multiple U-shaped tubes 29 are fixedly fixed to the top of the oil collection box 28, with the openings of the U-shaped tubes 29 facing downwards. One end of the U-shaped tube 29 extends into the oil collection box 28 and is located below the transformer oil level. The other end of the U-shaped tube 29 extends to the outside of the oil collection box 28. Outside air enters the oil collection box 28 through the U-shaped tube 29. Most of the dust and impurities in the air are filtered out by the transformer oil. The filtered air enters the silica gel canister 27. The silica gel desiccant absorbs the residual moisture in the air, thus ensuring that the air entering the oil conservator 21 is dry air. The dried air enters the hollow tube 24 and is discharged through the vent 25, thereby stabilizing the pressure inside the oil conservator 21. When the outside air is discharged through the vent 25, the cooling oil inside the oil conservator 21 comes into contact with the air, thus cooling the cooling oil.

[0050] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 Two rotating rings 31 are rotatably fitted onto the outer wall of the hollow tube 24. The sides of the two rotating rings 31 that are far apart from each other are rotatably connected to the inner walls of the two sides of the oil conservator 21. Multiple levers 32 are fixed between the two rotating rings 31. The levers 32 are used to stir the cooling oil in the oil conservator 21. Multiple magnets I 33 are fixedly embedded on the side of the rotating ring 31 that is far away from the intake pipe 26. The end of the oil conservator 21 near the magnets I 33 is rotatably connected to a rotating disk 34 via a rotating shaft. Multiple magnets II 35 are fixedly embedded on the side of the rotating disk 34 that is near the oil conservator 21. Magnetic coupling is formed between 35 and magnet I 33. The rotating disk 34 drives the rotating ring 31 to rotate through the magnetic coupling. This is a non-contact transmission method. A toothed ring I 36 is fixed on the side of the rotating disk 34 away from the oil conservator 21. The toothed ring I 36 is coaxial with the rotating disk 34. One end of the oil conservator 21 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 37. A toothed ring II 38 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 37. The toothed ring II 38 meshes with the toothed ring I 36. A connecting rod 39 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 37. A plate-shaped pendulum 40 is fixed at the bottom end of the connecting rod 39.

[0051] Specifically, the plate-shaped pendulum 40 reciprocates under the action of external wind force. The plate-shaped pendulum 40 drives the rotating shaft 37 to rotate through the connecting rod 39. The rotating shaft 37 drives the toothed ring II 38 to reciprocate. The toothed ring II 38 meshes with the toothed ring I 36, which in turn drives the rotating disk 34 to reciprocate. The rotating disk 34 drives the rotating ring 31 and the lever 32 to rotate through the magnetic coupling of magnet II 35 and magnet I 33. During the rotation, the lever 32 stirs the coolant in the oil conservator 21. This serves two purposes: firstly, to remove air from the coolant, and secondly, to allow the coolant to come into contact with the cold air sprayed from the vent 25, thereby cooling the coolant.

[0052] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 11 A protective box is fixed to one end of the oil conservator 21. The rotating disk 34, gear ring I 36, and gear ring II 38 are all housed inside the protective box. The protective box protects the rotating disk 34, gear ring I 36, and gear ring II 38 from external dust and rainwater corrosion and damage. One end of the rotating shaft 37 extends rotatably to one side of the protective box. The connecting rod 39 and the plate-shaped pendulum 40 are located on the side of the protective box away from the oil conservator 21. A waterproof bearing is fixedly embedded in the side wall of the protective box. One end of the rotating shaft 37 passes through the waterproof bearing and extends rotatably to one side of the protective box. The rotating shaft 37 is rotatably connected to the protective box through the waterproof bearing, thereby ensuring flexible rotation and achieving a seal.

[0053] A control box is also fixed to one side of oil tank 1. The control box contains a programmable logic controller (PLC), and circulating pumps I-6 and II-13 are electrically connected to the PLC. Oil tank 1 contains a temperature sensor and a level sensor, both of which are electrically connected to the signal input terminals of the PLC. The PLC controller is used to control the start, stop, or frequency conversion speed regulation of circulating pumps I-6 and II-13 based on the oil temperature signal detected by the temperature sensor, thereby achieving automatic control of the cooling oil circulation flow rate.

[0054] In another embodiment: Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 12The top and bottom inner walls of the reflux box 14 are fixed with multiple reinforcing ribs 41. These ribs 41 enhance the structural strength of the reflux box 14 and prevent deformation under internal oil pressure. Two sets of vertically arranged heat-conducting rods are fixedly inserted into the reflux box 14. Each heat-conducting rod set consists of multiple heat-conducting rods 42. Both ends of each heat-conducting rod 42 are fixedly inserted through corresponding reinforcing ribs 41 and extend to one side of the reflux box 14. The cooperation between the reinforcing ribs 41 and the heat-conducting rods 42 strengthens the reflux box 14. Simultaneously, the heat-conducting rods 42 further dissipate heat from the coolant inside the reflux box 14. One end of each heat-conducting rod 42 extends to the outside of the reflux box 14, contacting the outside air and transferring heat from the cooling oil inside the reflux box 14 to the external environment. A sealing gasket is provided at the connection point between the heat-conducting rod 42 and the reflux box 14 to prevent coolant leakage and the intrusion of external moisture. Heat dissipation fins are fitted on the heat-conducting rod 42 located outside the reflux box 14, and a protective mesh cover is provided on the outside. The protective mesh cover is fixedly connected to the reflux box 14 to prevent foreign objects from contacting the heat-conducting rod 42 and to ensure air circulation.

[0055] A method for using a transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation structure includes the following steps:

[0056] S1. After starting circulating pump I6 and circulating pump II13, circulating pump I6 draws suction from the upper space of oil tank 1 through return pipe I4 and collection pipe 7. The bottom end of collection pipe 7 is provided with a bell mouth 8, the inner diameter of the bottom of the bell mouth 8 is larger than the inner diameter of the top. This structure of being smaller at the top and larger at the bottom is conducive to collecting a larger range of hot oil (coolant heated by transformer 2). Under the suction action of circulating pump I6, the hot oil in the upper layer of oil tank 1 enters the collection pipe 7 through the bell mouth 8. After being collected through return pipe I4, the hot oil enters return pipe II5 through the liquid outlet of circulating pump I6, and then enters air cooler 11 through return pipe II5. In air cooler 11, the hot oil flows along the finned tubes. The outer wall of the finned tubes is in contact with the air, and forced convection is achieved. Heat exchange transfers heat to the air, causing the hot oil to cool and form cold oil. The cold oil exits from the outlet of the air cooler 11 and flows through the return pipe III 12 into the inlet of the circulating pump II 13. The circulating pump II 13 pressurizes the cold oil and injects it into the return box 14. The cold oil in the return box 14 is then distributed to various oil injection pipes 15. The bottom end of the oil injection pipe 15 is connected to the return box 14, and the top end extends into the oil tank 1. The cold oil rises along the oil injection pipe 15, enters the circular groove 16 through the oil inlet hole 17 on the outer wall of the oil injection pipe 15, and then enters the circular guide box 18 at the top of the oil injection pipe 15 from the circular groove 16. After entering the circular guide box 18, the cold oil is discharged through multiple oil outlets 20 provided on the disc 19. Since the center line of the oil outlet 20 is at a 15° angle to the winding axis... At an angle of 45°, cold oil is sprayed onto the winding surface at an inclined angle. The cold oil forms a spiral flow state on the outer wall of the winding and rises spirally along the outer ring of the winding. A spiral flow field is formed in the oil channel of the entire winding. During the spiral flow, the cold oil exchanges heat with the winding wires. After absorbing heat, the temperature rises and becomes hot oil. The hot oil continues to rise due to the decrease in density and finally gathers in the upper space of the oil tank 1 and is sucked in again by the collection pipe 7, forming a complete forced oil circulation cooling circuit.

[0057] S2. When the load on a certain winding of transformer 2 increases, the heat generation in that winding area increases, and the temperature of the cooling oil in that area rises. When the hot oil flows through the corresponding collection pipe 7, the bimetallic baffle 10 inside the collection pipe 7 is heated by the hot oil. The bimetallic baffle 10 is made of two metal materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion. After being heated, it bends and deforms due to the difference in the expansion of the two metal layers, which increases the effective flow cross-sectional area inside the collection pipe 7. Under the condition that the suction pressure of the circulating pump I6 remains unchanged, the flow resistance of the collection pipe 7 decreases, and the flow rate of the hot oil flowing through the collection pipe 7 increases. In the collection pipes 7 corresponding to the windings in other normal load areas, the bimetallic baffle 10 remains flat because the oil temperature is relatively low, and the cross-sectional area inside the collection pipe 7 remains unchanged, and the flow rate remains at the original level. Through the above mechanism, the cooling system automatically adjusts the cooling oil flow rate of each branch according to the actual heat load of each winding area, so that the overloaded winding area can obtain more cooling oil, and realizes the adaptive distribution of cooling oil flow rate.

[0058] S3. During the operation of oil tank 1, the cooling oil temperature fluctuates with changes in ambient temperature and load. When the cooling oil temperature rises, the volume of cooling oil expands, and the oil level in oil tank 1 rises. Excess hot oil flows from the top of oil tank 1 into oil conservator 21 through connecting pipe 22, increasing the oil volume in oil conservator 21. The air in the upper part of oil conservator 21 is compressed, and the internal pressure rises. When the pressure reaches the opening pressure of the one-way valve in exhaust pipe 23, the air in oil conservator 21 is discharged through exhaust pipe 23, thereby releasing the pressure. When the cooling oil temperature decreases, the volume of cooling oil contracts, and the oil level in oil tank 1 drops. The cooling oil in oil conservator 21 flows back to oil tank 1 through connecting pipe 22 under the action of gravity to replenish the oil level. The oil volume in oil conservator 21 decreases, and the upper space increases, forming a negative pressure. When the negative pressure reaches the opening pressure of the one-way valve in intake pipe 26, outside air is drawn into intake pipe 26. Outside air first enters the oil collection tank through U-shaped pipe 29. The oil collection box 28 stores transformer oil. The open end of the U-shaped tube 29 is located below the transformer oil surface. When air enters the oil collection box 28 through the U-shaped tube 29, it passes through the transformer oil in the form of bubbles. Dust and solid impurities in the air are adsorbed by the transformer oil. After preliminary filtration, the air enters the silica gel canister 27 from the top of the oil collection box 28. The silica gel canister 27 is filled with silica gel desiccant. When the air flows through the silica gel desiccant, the moisture in the air is adsorbed by the silica gel desiccant, becoming dry air. The dry air enters the hollow tube 24 inside the oil conservator 21 through the vertical and horizontal sections of the air inlet pipe 26. The outer wall of the hollow tube 24 is provided with multiple air outlets 25. The dry air is dispersed into the internal space of the oil conservator 21 through the air outlets 25. The dry air comes into contact with the oil surface of the cooling oil in the oil conservator 21, balancing the pressure in the oil conservator 21. At the same time, the dry air exchanges heat with the cooling oil, and cools the surface of the cooling oil by air cooling.

[0059] S4. In windy weather, the external wind acts on the plate-shaped pendulum 40, causing it to oscillate back and forth. The plate-shaped pendulum 40 drives the rotating shaft 37 to oscillate back and forth via the connecting rod 39. The toothed ring II 38 on the rotating shaft 37 oscillates back and forth accordingly. The toothed ring II 38 meshes with the toothed ring I 36, transmitting the oscillation to the rotating disk 34, causing the rotating disk 34 to oscillate back and forth. The magnet II 35 embedded in the rotating disk 34 and the magnet I 33 embedded in the rotating ring 31 transmit the rotation of the rotating disk 34 to the rotating ring 31 through magnetic coupling. 1 drives multiple baffles 32 to rotate inside the oil conservator 21. When the baffles 32 rotate, they stir the cooling oil inside the oil conservator 21. On the one hand, they cause dissolved air in the cooling oil to be released and discharged through the exhaust pipe 23. On the other hand, they allow the cooling oil to come into full contact with the dry air entering through the air outlet 25, which accelerates heat exchange and reduces the temperature of the cooling oil. Through the stirring action of the baffles 32, the temperature of the cooling oil inside the oil conservator 21 is reduced. This is beneficial for replenishing the cooler cooling oil in the oil tank 1 to the oil tank 1 through the connecting pipe 22 when the oil temperature drops, thus assisting in the cooling of the cooling oil in the oil tank 1.

[0060] S5. When the reflux box 14 receives the cold oil injected by the circulating pump II 13, the cold oil flows inside the reflux box 14. The reinforcing ribs 41 at the top and bottom of the reflux box 14 enhance the structural strength of the reflux box 14 and resist the internal oil pressure. The heat-conducting rod 42 passes through the reflux box 14. One end of the rod is located inside the reflux box 14 and contacts the cold oil, while the other end extends to the outside of the reflux box 14 and contacts the outside air. The heat of the cold oil is conducted to the outside of the reflux box 14 through the heat-conducting rod 42 to achieve additional heat dissipation. At the same time, the heat-conducting rod 42 extends into the reinforcing rib 41 and together with the reinforcing rib 41, they form a support structure to improve the overall stability of the reflux box 14.

[0061] However, as is well known to those skilled in the art, the working principles and wiring methods of circulating pump I6 and circulating pump II13 are conventional methods or common knowledge, and will not be elaborated here. Those skilled in the art can make any selections according to their needs or convenience.

[0062] The accompanying drawings in this application are for illustrative purposes only. The dimensions and shapes of the components shown are not actual limitations but are merely schematic representations. In actual implementation, the components can be reasonably configured and adjusted according to specific needs and actual conditions.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation structure, comprising an oil tank (1) and a transformer (2) placed inside the oil tank (1), wherein a cover plate (3) is fixed to the top of the oil tank (1), characterized in that, The bottom of the oil tank (1) is fixed with a return box (14), the bottom of the return box (14) is fixed with a base (43), the bottom inner wall of the return box (14) is fixed with multiple oil injection pipes (15), the top ends of the multiple oil injection pipes (15) are fixedly extended into the oil tank (1), the oil injection pipes (15) are located directly below the windings in the transformer (2), both sides of the oil tank (1) are provided with circulation mechanisms to make the cooling oil in the oil tank (1) circulate and cool the transformer (2). The circulation mechanism includes a return pipe II (5) and a return pipe III (12) fixed on one side of the oil tank (1) and arranged vertically. The return pipe II (5) and the return pipe III (12) are connected by a pipe to an air cooler (11), and the air cooler (11) is fixed on one side of the oil tank (1). The circulation mechanism also includes multiple sets of adjustment mechanisms, which correspond to the positions of multiple windings in the transformer (2). The adjustment mechanism includes a collection pipe (7) that is fixed through the cover plate (3), and a bimetallic baffle (10) is provided inside the collection pipe (7). The oil tank (1) is provided with multiple oil injection mechanisms. The oil injection mechanism includes a circular guide box (18) provided in the oil tank (1). The circular guide box (18) is located directly below the winding in the transformer (2). The top of the circular guide box (18) is provided with multiple oil outlets (20). It also includes an exhaust mechanism, which includes an oil tank (21) fixed to one side of the oil tank (1) by a frame. An exhaust pipe (23) and an intake pipe (26) are fixed to the top and one end of the oil tank (21), respectively. Both the exhaust pipe (23) and the intake pipe (26) are equipped with one-way valves.

2. A transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circulation mechanism also includes a circulation pump I (6) and a return pipe I (4) fixed on the top of the cover plate (3). The outlet end of the circulation pump I (6) is fixedly connected to the return pipe II (5) through a pipe. The inlet end of the circulation pump I (6) is connected to the return pipe I (4) through a pipe. The top ends of the multiple collection pipes (7) are fixedly extended into the return pipe I (4). A circulation pump II (13) is fixed on one side of the oil tank (1). The inlet end of the circulation pump II (13) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the return pipe III (12) through a pipe. The outlet end of the circulation pump II (13) is fixedly extended into the return box (14) through a pipe.

3. A transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism also includes a flared mouth (8), the bottom end of the collection pipe (7) extends into the oil tank (1) and is fixedly connected to the top of the flared mouth (8), and the bottom inner diameter of the flared mouth (8) is larger than the top inner diameter. A fixing rod (9) is fixed inside the collection pipe (7), and the bottom of the fixing rod (9) is fixedly connected to the top of the bimetallic baffle (10) through a vertical rod. The bimetallic baffle (10) bends after being heated to reduce the resistance of the hot oil in the collection pipe (7).

4. A transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The oil injection mechanism also includes a circular groove (16) set at the top of the oil injection pipe (15). The outer wall of the oil injection pipe (15) is provided with multiple sets of oil inlet components from top to bottom. The multiple sets of oil inlet components are composed of multiple oil inlet holes (17), and the oil inlet holes (17) are connected to the circular groove (16). The multiple oil inlet holes (17) in two adjacent oil inlet components are staggered. The top of the oil injection pipe (15) is fixedly connected to the circular guide box (18). The top of the circular guide box (18) is fixed with a disc (19) by bolts. The multiple oil outlets (20) are all set in the disc (19).

5. A transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The oil outlet (20) is inclined, and the center line of the oil outlet (20) forms an angle of 15°-45° with the winding axis.

6. A transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The exhaust mechanism also includes a hollow tube (24) fixed inside the oil tank (21), and the length of the hollow tube (24) is in the same direction as the axis of the oil tank (21). The outer wall of the hollow tube (24) is provided with multiple air outlets (25). The air inlet pipe (26) is L-shaped. The horizontal section of the air inlet pipe (26) extends into the hollow tube (24). The bottom end of the vertical section of the air inlet pipe (26) is fixedly connected to a silica gel canister (27). The silica gel canister (27) is filled with silica gel desiccant for drying the outside air. The bottom end of the silica gel canister (27) is fixed. The oil collection box (28) is connected to the transformer oil, and the transformer oil is stored in the oil collection box (28). Multiple U-shaped tubes (29) are fixed on the top of the oil collection box (28). The opening of the U-shaped tubes (29) faces downward. One end of the U-shaped tube (29) is fixedly extended into the oil collection box (28) and located below the transformer oil level. The other end of the U-shaped tube (29) extends to the outside of the oil collection box (28). A connecting pipe (22) is fixedly connected to one side of the oil tank (21). The bottom end of the connecting pipe (22) is fixedly penetrated through the cover plate (3) and extends into the oil tank (1).

7. A transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer wall of the air inlet pipe (26) is fixedly fitted with a protective sleeve (30), and the silicone canister (27), oil collection box (28) and U-shaped tube (29) are all installed inside the protective sleeve (30).

8. A transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, Two rotating rings (31) are rotatably fitted on the outer wall of the hollow tube (24). The two rotating rings (31) are rotatably connected to the inner walls of the oil conservator (21) on both sides respectively on the side away from each other. Multiple levers (32) are fixed between the two rotating rings (31). Multiple magnets I (33) are fixedly embedded on the side of the rotating ring (31) away from the air intake pipe (26). The end of the oil conservator (21) near the magnets I (33) is rotatably connected to a rotating disk (34) through a rotating shaft. Multiple magnets II (35) are fixedly embedded on the side of the rotating disk (34) near the oil conservator (21). A magnetic coupling is formed between the magnet I (33) and the rotating disk (34) to drive the rotating ring (31) to rotate. A toothed ring I (36) is fixed on the side of the rotating disk (34) away from the oil conservator (21), and the toothed ring I (36) is coaxial with the rotating disk (34). A rotating shaft (37) is rotatably connected to one end of the oil conservator (21). A toothed ring II (38) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (37), and the toothed ring II (38) meshes with the toothed ring I (36). A connecting rod (39) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (37), and a plate-shaped pendulum (40) is fixed at the bottom end of the connecting rod (39).

9. A transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, One end of the oil conservator (21) is fixed with a protective box. The rotating disk (34), toothed ring I (36) and toothed ring II (38) are all set inside the protective box to protect the rotating disk (34), toothed ring I (36) and toothed ring II (38). One end of the rotating shaft (37) extends to one side of the protective box. The connecting rod (39) and the plate-shaped pendulum (40) are located on the side of the protective box away from the oil conservator (21).

10. A transformer high-voltage cooling oil tank with a forced hot oil circulation guiding structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The top and bottom inner walls of the reflux box (14) are fixed with multiple reinforcing ribs (41). Two sets of heat-conducting rods arranged vertically are fixedly inserted inside the reflux box (14). Each heat-conducting rod is composed of multiple heat-conducting rods (42). Both ends of the multiple heat-conducting rods (42) are fixedly inserted through the corresponding reinforcing ribs (41) and extend to one side of the reflux box (14).

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