Stacked household battery pack capable of flexible series-parallel switching

Abstract

The application discloses a stack type household battery pack capable of being switched in series and parallel flexibly, wherein the top of the battery pack is provided with an upper floating plug-in terminal, the bottom of the battery pack is provided with a lower floating plug-in terminal, the upper floating plug-in terminal and the lower floating plug-in terminal are connected in plug-in mode when a plurality of battery packs are sequentially stacked, a switching switch is arranged in the battery pack, and the switching switch is connected with the positive electrode line and the negative electrode line of the battery pack, the end points of a plurality of switches of the switching switch, and the P+ plug pin and the P- plug pin of the upper floating plug-in terminal and the lower floating plug-in terminal. The state of the plurality of switches of the switching switch is set in different gears. When the switching switch is located in gear one, the positive electrode line is connected with the P+ plug pin of the upper floating plug-in terminal and the P+ plug pin of the lower floating plug-in terminal; the negative electrode line is connected with the P- plug pin of the upper floating plug-in terminal and the P- plug pin of the lower floating plug-in terminal; and the plurality of battery packs are connected in parallel. When the switching switch is located in gear two, the positive electrode line is connected with only the P+ plug pin of the upper floating plug-in terminal; the negative electrode line is connected with the P+ plug pin of the lower floating plug-in terminal; and the plurality of battery packs are connected in series.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage module battery technology, and in particular to a stacked residential battery pack that can be flexibly switched between series and parallel connections. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, stacked residential energy storage battery packs on the market are divided into two independent product lines: low-voltage parallel and high-voltage series. The internal copper busbar wiring and terminal structures of these two types of products are completely different and cannot be used interchangeably. Existing stacked battery packs have only a single, fixed circuit logic pre-set for their upper and lower terminals: parallel stacks can only expand capacity and output a fixed low voltage, suitable for small off-grid energy storage; series stacks can only raise the DC bus voltage, matching high-voltage grid-connected inverters. If a user initially purchases low-voltage battery packs and later needs to upgrade to a high-voltage photovoltaic energy storage system, the original battery packs are all rendered useless and must be replaced entirely; high-voltage battery packs cannot be disassembled for use as low-voltage, small-capacity energy storage. Forcibly modifying traditional battery packs to be connected in series or parallel requires disassembling the casing, re-soldering the internal conductive copper busbars, and replacing the connectors, requiring highly specialized skills that ordinary users cannot perform themselves; the modification process is highly likely to damage the insulation structure, posing safety hazards such as short circuits, thermal runaway, and fire. Simultaneously, companies need to develop two sets of casing, terminal, and wiring harness molds, resulting in a large variety of materials, high inventory pressure, and high R&D and manufacturing costs. A small number of energy storage modules on the market with series-parallel switching functions rely on external adapter plugs and independent external switch boxes to achieve mode switching. After the batteries are stacked, the external accessories are messy, occupy the user's indoor installation space, and have poor aesthetics. With long-term use, the external wiring is prone to loosening and leakage risks. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention addresses the problems and shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a novel stacked household battery pack that can be flexibly switched between series and parallel connections.

[0004] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution:

[0005] This invention provides a stackable household battery pack that can be flexibly switched between series and parallel configurations, including a top cover, multiple battery packs, and a base. The bottom of the top cover is provided with a floating terminal, the top of each battery pack is provided with a floating terminal, the bottom of each battery pack is provided with a floating terminal, and the top of the base is provided with a floating terminal. When the top cover, the multiple battery packs, and the base are stacked sequentially from top to bottom, the floating terminals and the floating terminals are configured such that the floating terminal of the previous component is plugged into the floating terminal of the next component to achieve electrical connection.

[0006] The battery pack includes a casing, a battery assembly, and a switching switch. The battery assembly has a positive wire and a negative wire. The switching switch has a first switch, a second switch, and a third switch. The switching switch has two positions: one and two. When the switching switch is in position one, the first and second switches are closed, and the third switch is open. When the switching switch is in position two, the first and second switches are open, and the third switch is closed. Both the upper and lower floating terminals are provided with a P+ pin, a P- pin, and a PE pin. The P- and PE pins of the upper floating terminal are respectively connected to the P- and PE pins of the lower floating terminal.

[0007] The positive wire connects the P+ pin of the floating terminal and the upper end of the first switch, the negative wire connects the upper end of the second switch and the upper end of the third switch, the lower end of the first switch and the lower end of the third switch connect to the P+ pin of the floating terminal, and the lower end of the second switch connects to the P- pin of the floating terminal.

[0008] When the switching switch is in position one, the positive line is connected to the P+ pin of the upper floating terminal and the P+ pin of the lower floating terminal through the closed first switch; the negative line is connected to the P- pin of the upper floating terminal and the P- pin of the lower floating terminal through the closed second switch; the open third switch isolates the negative line from the P+ pin of the lower floating terminal; when multiple battery packs are stacked, the multiple battery packs are connected in parallel.

[0009] When the switch is in position two, the positive wire is connected only to the P+ pin of the upper floating terminal; the negative wire is connected to the P+ pin of the lower floating terminal through the closed third switch; the open first switch isolates the positive wire from the P+ pin of the lower floating terminal, and the open second switch isolates the negative wire from the P- pin of the lower floating terminal; when multiple battery packs are stacked, the multiple battery packs are connected in series.

[0010] Preferably, the upper and lower floating terminals of the top cover, the plurality of battery packs, and the base are all correspondingly arranged, such that when the top cover, the plurality of battery packs, and the base are stacked sequentially from top to bottom, the lower floating terminal of the upper component is inserted into the upper floating terminal of the next component.

[0011] Preferably, the pins of both the upper floating terminal and the lower floating terminal are elastic floating pins.

[0012] Preferably, both the upper and lower floating terminals are provided with communication pins. The communication pins of the upper and lower floating terminals of the same battery pack are connected accordingly. When multiple battery packs are stacked, the communication pins of the multiple battery packs are connected accordingly to achieve communication.

[0013] Preferably, the battery pack is further provided with a battery management unit, which collects the voltage, temperature and remaining power of the battery pack.

[0014] Preferably, the battery management unit collects the status of the switching switch and switches the control mode and protection strategy according to the status of the switching switch.

[0015] Preferably, when the switch is in position one, multiple battery packs are connected in parallel, and the battery management unit enables multi-pack low-voltage balancing to balance the voltage difference of all parallel battery packs; when the switch is in position two, multiple battery packs are connected in series, and the battery management unit enables high-voltage insulation monitoring, multi-level overvoltage protection, and inter-series voltage difference balancing.

[0016] Preferably, the battery pack includes multiple cells connected in series, wherein the cells are lithium iron phosphate cells or ternary lithium-ion cells.

[0017] The positive and progressive effects of this invention are as follows:

[0018] This invention provides a stackable household battery pack with flexible series-parallel switching. The top of the battery pack has an upper floating terminal, and the bottom has a lower floating terminal. When multiple battery packs are stacked sequentially, the upper and lower floating terminals are electrically connected by interlocking. A switching switch is installed within the battery pack. Through the clever connection of the positive and negative wires of the battery pack, the terminals of multiple switches of the switching switch, and the P+ and P- pins of the upper and lower floating terminals, and the switching switch's multiple switches operating at different positions... The cleverly designed settings allow the positive wire to connect to both the P+ and P+ pins of the upper and lower floating terminals when the switch is in position one; the negative wire connects to both the P- and P- pins of the upper and lower floating terminals, enabling multiple battery packs to be connected in parallel. When the switch is in position two, the positive wire connects only to the P+ pin of the upper floating terminal; the negative wire connects to the P+ pin of the lower floating terminal, enabling multiple battery packs to be connected in series. Switching between low-voltage parallel and high-voltage series operation modes can be achieved simply by adjusting the switch position.

[0019] Furthermore, the battery pack is equipped with a battery management unit, which collects the voltage, temperature, and remaining charge of the battery pack; the battery management unit also collects the status of the switching switch and switches the control mode and protection strategy according to the status of the switching switch; making it safer and more reliable. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a stacked residential battery pack with flexible series-parallel switching according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal electrical connections of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of a stacked household battery pack with flexible series-parallel switching according to an embodiment of the present invention when the switching switch is in position one.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of a stacked household battery pack that can be flexibly switched between series and parallel in an embodiment of the present invention when the switching switch is in position two. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Please see Figures 1-4 This embodiment provides a stackable household battery pack that can be flexibly switched between series and parallel, including a top cover 1, multiple battery packs 2 and a base 3. The bottom of the top cover 1 is provided with a floating terminal 4, the top of the battery pack 2 is provided with a floating terminal 5, the bottom of the battery pack 2 is provided with a floating terminal 4, and the top of the base 3 is provided with a floating terminal 5. When the top cover 1, multiple battery packs 2 and base 3 are stacked sequentially from top to bottom, the floating terminal 5 and the floating terminal 4 are configured such that the floating terminal 4 of the previous component and the floating terminal 5 of the next component are plugged into each other to achieve electrical connection.

[0026] The battery pack 2 includes a casing, a battery group 21, and a switch 22. The battery group 21 has a positive wire and a negative wire. The switch has a first switch, a second switch, and a third switch. The switch 22 has one position and two positions. When the switch 22 is in the first position, the first and second switches are closed, and the third switch is open. When the switch 22 is in the second position, the first and second switches are open, and the third switch is closed. The upper floating terminal 5 and the lower floating terminal 4 are both provided with a P+ pin, a P- pin, and a PE pin. The P- pin and PE pin of the upper floating terminal 5 are respectively connected to the P- pin and PE pin of the lower floating terminal 4.

[0027] The positive wire connects to the P+ pin of the upper floating terminal and the upper end of the first switch; the negative wire connects to the upper end of the second switch and the upper end of the third switch; the lower end of the first switch and the lower end of the third switch connect to the P+ pin of the lower floating terminal; and the lower end of the second switch connects to the P- pin of the lower floating terminal.

[0028] When the switch 22 is in position 1, the positive wire is connected to the P+ pin of the upper floating terminal 5 and the P+ pin of the lower floating terminal 4 through the closed first switch; the negative wire is connected to the P- pin of the upper floating terminal 5 and the P- pin of the lower floating terminal 4 through the closed second switch; the open third switch isolates the negative wire and the P+ pin of the lower floating terminal 4; when multiple battery packs 2 are stacked, the multiple battery packs 2 are connected in parallel.

[0029] When the switch 22 is in position 2, the positive line is only connected to the P+ pin of the upper floating terminal 5; the negative line is connected to the P+ pin of the lower floating terminal 4 through the closed third switch; the open first switch isolates the positive line and the P+ pin of the lower floating terminal 4, and the open second switch isolates the negative line and the P- pin of the lower floating terminal 4; when multiple battery packs 2 are stacked, the multiple battery packs 2 are connected in series.

[0030] Specifically, the internal circuit logic is switched between parallel and series by relying on the switching switch 22 built into the battery pack 2 to switch gears, realizing tool-free switching between parallel and series connection of multiple stacked battery packs. The operation is simple, reliable, and highly safe.

[0031] In some embodiments, the upper and lower floating terminals 5 of the top cover 1, the multiple battery packs 2 and the base 3 are all correspondingly arranged, so that when the top cover 1, the multiple battery packs 2 and the base 3 are stacked from top to bottom, the lower floating terminal 4 of the upper component is correspondingly inserted into the upper floating terminal 5 of the next component.

[0032] In some embodiments, the pins of both the upper floating terminal 5 and the lower floating terminal 4 are flexible floating pins to ensure a reliable connection during insertion.

[0033] In some embodiments, both the upper floating terminal 5 and the lower floating terminal 4 are provided with communication pins. The communication pins of the upper floating terminal 5 and the lower floating terminal 4 of the same battery pack 2 are connected accordingly. When multiple battery packs 2 are stacked, the communication pins of the multiple battery packs 2 are connected accordingly to achieve communication.

[0034] In some embodiments, the battery pack 2 is further provided with a battery management unit, which collects the voltage, temperature and remaining power of the battery pack 21 in the battery pack.

[0035] In some embodiments, the battery management unit collects the state of the switch 22 and switches the control mode and protection strategy according to the state of the switch 22.

[0036] In some embodiments, when the switch 22 is in position one, multiple battery packs 2 are connected in parallel, and the battery management unit enables multi-pack low-voltage balancing to balance the voltage difference of all parallel battery packs 2; when the switch 22 is in position two, multiple battery packs 2 are connected in series, and the battery management unit enables high-voltage insulation monitoring, multi-level overvoltage protection and inter-series voltage difference balancing to suppress the risk of overcharging and over-discharging of a single battery pack 2 after series stacking.

[0037] Specifically, the battery management unit is connected to a communication pin to enable communication between the battery management units of multiple battery packs 2.

[0038] In some embodiments, the battery pack 21 includes a plurality of cells connected in series, wherein the cells are lithium iron phosphate cells or ternary lithium-ion cells.

[0039] Specifically, multiple battery packs 2 can also be stacked laterally. This only requires replacing the upper floating terminal 5 and the lower floating terminal 4 with lateral floating terminals, adjusting the docking installation direction, and keeping the switching logic unchanged.

[0040] The stacked household battery pack with flexible series-parallel switching provided by this invention has the following advantages:

[0041] 1. Battery pack 2 is compatible with both high and low voltage scenarios, significantly reducing production, sales, and user costs; the same specification battery pack 2 can switch between two working modes, low-voltage parallel expansion and high-voltage series grid connection, simply by switching the position of switch 22. Enterprises do not need to develop and produce two sets of high and low voltage battery packs separately, reducing mold development and material inventory costs; users do not need to replace the battery pack when building low-voltage energy storage in the early stage and upgrading to high-voltage photovoltaic system in the later stage. The original equipment can be fully reused, greatly reducing the investment in later transformation.

[0042] 2. Built-in integrated switch 22, simple operation and high safety factor; series and parallel switching is completed by the battery pack built-in switch 22, without disassembling the shell, welding copper busbars, external adapter box, external cable connection, and there is no risk of insulation damage, short circuit and fire caused by manual wiring. Ordinary users can switch the operating mode independently without tools, and the indoor installation is neat and beautiful.

[0043] 3. The floating top-floating plug stacking structure ensures stable connection and convenient construction; the vertically stacked top-floating plug terminal 5 and bottom-floating plug terminal 4 automatically align and conduct, and the flexible pins have low contact resistance during long-term operation; the terminals integrate communication lines, and after stacking, multiple battery packs 2 battery management units can automatically form a network, eliminating the need to lay separate communication cables and simplifying the on-site installation and construction process.

[0044] 4. The battery management unit features adaptive mode protection, ensuring safety and controllability under all operating conditions. The battery management unit identifies the series and parallel operating modes in real time and automatically matches two protection strategies: low-voltage balancing and high-voltage insulation monitoring. This enables full-dimensional monitoring of the cell status under both operating conditions. Under series high-voltage conditions, it effectively suppresses module overvoltage and differential voltage exceeding the standard, slows down cell degradation, and extends the service life of the entire energy storage equipment.

[0045] 5. High versatility, adaptable to a variety of residential energy storage devices; can be matched with low-voltage off-grid energy storage, high-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected energy storage, residential stacked backup power supply and other scenarios. The standardized structure is compatible with most residential energy storage inverters on the market, making the product application range wider.

[0046] While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these are merely illustrative examples, and the scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, but all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stacked residential battery pack with flexible series-parallel switching capability, characterized in that, The device includes a top cover, multiple battery packs, and a base. The bottom of the top cover is provided with a floating terminal, the top of the battery packs is provided with a floating terminal, the bottom of the battery packs is provided with a floating terminal, and the top of the base is provided with a floating terminal. When the top cover, the multiple battery packs, and the base are stacked sequentially from top to bottom, the floating terminals and the floating terminals are configured such that the floating terminal of the previous component and the floating terminal of the next component are plugged into each other to achieve electrical connection. The battery pack includes a housing, a battery assembly, and a switching switch. The battery assembly has a positive wire and a negative wire. The switching switch has a first switch, a second switch, and a third switch. The switching switch has one position and two positions. When the switching switch is in the first position, the first switch and the second switch are closed, and the third switch is open. When the switching switch is in the second position, the first switch and the second switch are open, and the third switch is closed. Both the upper floating terminal and the lower floating terminal are provided with P+ pin, P- pin and PE pin, and the P- pin and PE pin of the upper floating terminal are respectively connected to the P- pin and PE pin of the lower floating terminal; The positive wire connects the P+ pin of the floating terminal and the upper end of the first switch, the negative wire connects the upper end of the second switch and the upper end of the third switch, the lower end of the first switch and the lower end of the third switch connect to the P+ pin of the floating terminal, and the lower end of the second switch connects to the P- pin of the floating terminal. When the switch is in position 1, the positive line is connected to the P+ pin of the upper floating terminal and the P+ pin of the lower floating terminal through the closed first switch; the negative line is connected to the P- pin of the upper floating terminal and the P- pin of the lower floating terminal through the closed second switch. The disconnected third switch isolates the negative line from the P+ pin of the floating terminal; When multiple battery packs are stacked, the multiple battery packs are connected in parallel; When the switch is in position two, the positive line is connected only to the P+ pin of the upper floating terminal; the negative line is connected to the P+ pin of the lower floating terminal through the closed third switch; the open first switch isolates the positive line from the P+ pin of the lower floating terminal, and the open second switch isolates the negative line from the P- pin of the lower floating terminal. When multiple battery packs are stacked, the multiple battery packs are connected in series.

2. The stacked residential battery pack with flexible series-parallel switching as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper cover, the plurality of battery packs, and the base are all provided with corresponding upper and lower floating terminals, such that when the upper cover, the plurality of battery packs, and the base are stacked sequentially from top to bottom, the lower floating terminal of the upper component is inserted into the upper floating terminal of the lower component.

3. The stacked residential battery pack with flexible series-parallel switching as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the upper and lower floating terminals have flexible floating pins.

4. The stacked residential battery pack with flexible series-parallel switching as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the upper and lower floating terminals are provided with communication pins. The communication pins of the upper and lower floating terminals of the same battery pack are connected to each other. When multiple battery packs are stacked, the communication pins of the multiple battery packs are connected to each other to achieve communication.

5. The stacked residential battery pack with flexible series-parallel switching as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack also includes a battery management unit, which collects the voltage, temperature, and remaining power of the battery pack.

6. The stacked residential battery pack with flexible series-parallel switching as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The battery management unit collects the status of the switching switch and switches the control mode and protection strategy according to the status of the switching switch.

7. The stacked residential battery pack with flexible series-parallel switching as described in claim 6, characterized in that, When the switch is in position one, multiple battery packs are connected in parallel, and the battery management unit enables multi-pack low-voltage balancing to balance the voltage difference of all parallel battery packs; when the switch is in position two, multiple battery packs are connected in series, and the battery management unit enables high-voltage insulation monitoring, multi-level overvoltage protection, and inter-series voltage difference balancing.

8. The stacked residential battery pack with flexible series-parallel switching as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack includes multiple cells connected in series, and the cells are lithium iron phosphate cells or ternary lithium-ion cells.

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