A large capacity battery and an electric device

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of batteries, and specifically provides a large-capacity battery and an electric device, which mainly solve the problem of safety hazards existing after thermal runaway smoke generated by thermal runaway of the existing large-capacity battery is discharged. The large-capacity battery comprises a shell and a plurality of single batteries arranged in the same direction in the shell; a shared chamber is arranged in the shell, a liquid cooling plate is arranged outside the shell, the liquid cooling plate has a liquid cooling channel and a smoke pretreatment channel which are isolated from each other, and the liquid cooling plate is provided with a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet and a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet which are communicated with the liquid cooling channel and the smoke pretreatment channel, respectively; the smoke inlet is used for being connected with a blast venting assembly on the shell, the blast venting assembly is opened by thermal runaway smoke of any single battery in the shell when the single battery is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke enters the smoke pretreatment channel of the liquid cooling plate through the smoke inlet, and the thermal runaway smoke is discharged through the smoke outlet after being pretreated in the smoke pretreatment channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of batteries, specifically relating to a high-capacity battery and electrical equipment. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of new energy sources such as solar and wind power, energy storage technology has also developed. Due to the advantages of lithium batteries, such as high energy, long service life, high rated voltage, high power handling capacity, and low self-discharge rate, they have gradually become the mainstream energy storage product.

[0003] With the large-scale application of lithium battery energy storage devices, the safe use of lithium-ion batteries has also attracted attention. Lithium-ion batteries generate a large amount of heat during charging and discharging, and this heat gradually accumulates, causing uneven battery temperature. In severe cases, the battery's thermal balance is disrupted, leading to thermal runaway and posing certain safety hazards.

[0004] When a lithium battery experiences complete thermal runaway, the internal temperature can reach 500–1000°C. The gases generated during this process increase the internal pressure, eventually causing the battery to eject and release vaporized electrolyte and reactive gases, forming pressurized thermal runaway fumes. These fumes contain not only gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, but also impurities such as vaporized electrolyte and molten plastic parts.

[0005] When the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged and processed, the electrolyte and impurities in the flue gas can affect the subsequent flue gas manifold and flue gas treatment device, causing safety hazards. In addition, after the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged from the battery, the excessively high temperature can damage the pipes, joints and other structural components outside the battery, thereby increasing the risk of battery thermal runaway and causing safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a high-capacity battery and electrical equipment, which mainly solves the safety hazards caused by the discharge of thermal runaway fumes generated by thermal runaway of existing batteries.

[0007] To solve the above problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A high-capacity battery includes a casing and multiple individual cells arranged in the same direction within the casing. The casing contains a shared chamber, the inner cavity of which communicates with the inner cavities of all individual cells. A clearance hole is provided on the top plate of the casing corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual cell. Each individual cell's polarity terminal extends out of the clearance hole, and the area of ​​the top plate corresponding to the clearance hole is fixedly sealed to the individual cell casing. A liquid-cooling plate is provided outside the casing, and the liquid-cooling plate contains mutually isolated liquid-cooling channels and flue gas pretreatment channels. The plate is equipped with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet connected to the liquid cooling channel, as well as a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet connected to the flue gas pretreatment channel. The liquid cooling channel contains a heat transfer medium that exchanges heat with the outer shell to control the temperature of the large-capacity battery. The flue gas inlet is used to connect to the explosion relief component on the outer shell. When any single battery in the outer shell experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas opens the explosion relief component and enters the flue gas pretreatment channel of the liquid cooling plate through the flue gas inlet. After pretreatment in the flue gas pretreatment channel, the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged through the flue gas outlet.

[0009] Furthermore, the shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber; the electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each individual battery cell; the gas shared chamber is connected to the gas area of ​​each individual battery cell, or the gas shared chamber is a gas channel located between the top plate of the outer casing and each individual battery cell, the gas channel covering the explosion venting membrane of each individual battery cell, and when the explosion venting membrane of any individual battery cell is ruptured by the thermal runaway flue gas in the inner cavity, the gas area of ​​that individual battery cell and the gas channel are connected.

[0010] Furthermore, the liquid cooling plate is disposed at the bottom of the outer shell, and the explosion venting assembly includes an explosion venting pipe and an explosion venting section. One end of the explosion venting pipe is connected to at least one of the electrolyte sharing chamber and the gas sharing chamber, and the other end is connected to the flue gas inlet of the liquid cooling plate. The explosion venting section is disposed in the explosion venting port of the outer shell or on the explosion venting pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, the liquid cooling channel of the liquid cooling plate is located above the flue gas pretreatment channel, so that the liquid cooling channel is close to the electrolyte shared chamber at the bottom of the outer shell.

[0012] Furthermore, the liquid cooling plate is provided with a U-shaped partition, the cavity between the U-shaped partition and the side wall of the liquid cooling plate is a U-shaped liquid cooling channel, and the inner cavity of the U-shaped partition is a flue gas pretreatment channel; a flue gas pipe is connected to the flue gas inlet, and the flue gas pipe passes through the liquid cooling channel and connects to the flue gas pretreatment channel.

[0013] Furthermore, the liquid cooling plate is disposed on the side wall of the outer shell, and the flue gas pretreatment channel of the liquid cooling plate is located above the liquid cooling channel. The explosion relief assembly includes an explosion relief pipe and an explosion relief part. One end of the explosion relief pipe is connected to the gas sharing chamber, and the other end is connected to the flue gas inlet of the liquid cooling plate. The explosion relief part is disposed in the explosion relief port of the outer shell or on the explosion relief pipe.

[0014] Furthermore, each individual battery cell has a clamping part at the point where its polar terminal extends out of the clearance hole; the heat transfer tube is fixed on the clamping part of each individual battery cell's polar terminal, and the heat transfer tube is insulated from each individual battery cell. The clamping part is a through groove or through hole opened at the point where the polar terminal of each individual battery cell extends out of the clearance hole.

[0015] Furthermore, the liquid inlet, liquid outlet, and flue gas outlet are located on the same side wall of the liquid cooling plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the flue gas pretreatment channel of the liquid cooling plate is provided with multiple baffles. The multiple baffles are installed sequentially in the flue gas pretreatment channel along the direction of thermal runaway flue gas flow, and adjacent baffles are staggered, so that the flow of thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas pretreatment channel is wave-like.

[0017] The present invention also provides an electrical device, which includes a flue gas manifold, a flue gas treatment device, and the aforementioned large-capacity battery. The flue gas outlets of the liquid cooling plates of the large-capacity batteries are all connected to the flue gas manifold, and the flue gas manifold transports the thermal runaway flue gas pretreated by the liquid cooling plates of the large-capacity batteries to the flue gas treatment device for treatment.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the technical solution of the present invention are:

[0019] 1. This invention adds a liquid cooling plate to the outer casing of a large-capacity battery. This liquid cooling plate contains independent liquid cooling channels and a flue gas pretreatment channel. The liquid cooling channels contain a heat transfer medium to control the temperature of the large-capacity battery during normal operation. In the event of thermal runaway, the runaway flue gas is transported to the flue gas pretreatment channel within the liquid cooling plate. The flue gas pretreatment channel buffers the runaway flue gas, allowing it to be discharged smoothly at a relatively stable flow rate. During the buffering process in the flue gas pretreatment channel, the heat transfer medium within the liquid cooling channel also cools the gas within the channel. The high-temperature runaway flue gas is cooled within the flue gas pretreatment channel, thereby removing its high-temperature properties and preventing damage to subsequent pipelines, connectors, and other related components after the runaway flue gas is discharged. This reduces the risk of battery thermal runaway and improves the safety of the large-capacity battery. Meanwhile, as the thermal runaway flue gas flows in the flue gas pretreatment channel, the vaporized electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas is cooled and liquefied by the heat transfer medium, and the high-temperature molten impurities are cooled into solid impurities. The flue gas pretreatment channel can collect the cooled electrolyte and solid impurities, so that the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the liquid cooling plate will not cause blockage or other hidden dangers to the subsequent pipelines, which improves the safety of the use of large-capacity batteries and facilitates the subsequent transportation and treatment of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0020] 2. In the high-capacity battery of this invention, the shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber. By connecting the electrolyte shared chamber with the electrolyte regions of each individual cell located within the casing, the electrolyte in each cell is shared, ensuring consistency among the individual cells and thus improving the cycle life of the high-capacity battery to some extent. Similarly, by connecting the gas shared chamber with the gas regions of each individual cell located within the casing, the gas in each cell is balanced, improving consistency among the individual cells and thus further enhancing the cycle life of the high-capacity battery.

[0021] 3. In the large-capacity battery of this invention, the liquid cooling plate is located at the bottom of the battery. When thermal runaway occurs, the liquid cooling plate at the bottom allows the runaway gas to smoothly enter and be cooled. Simultaneously, by placing the liquid cooling plate at the bottom of the battery, it can promptly dissipate heat, achieving balanced heat dissipation for each individual cell within the battery, thereby optimizing the overall heat dissipation effect and improving the safety of the large-capacity battery.

[0022] 4. In the large-capacity battery of the present invention, the liquid cooling channel of the liquid cooling plate is located above the flue gas pretreatment channel, so that the liquid cooling channel is close to the electrolyte sharing chamber at the bottom of the shell; at this time, the liquid cooling channel is in direct contact with the electrolyte sharing chamber at the bottom of the shell, and directly cools the free electrolyte in the electrolyte sharing chamber, which can further improve the temperature control effect; when any single cell experiences thermal runaway, the free electrolyte in the electrolyte sharing chamber exchanges heat with the heat transfer medium in the liquid cooling channel, slowing down the vaporization of the free electrolyte, thereby slowing down the thermal runaway process of the entire large-capacity battery and improving the safety performance of the entire large-capacity battery.

[0023] 5. In the large-capacity battery of the present invention, the liquid cooling channel is a U-shaped liquid cooling channel, and the flue gas pretreatment channel is located between the U-shaped liquid cooling channels. This ensures that when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the flue gas pretreatment channel, the thermal runaway flue gas and the heat transfer medium in the liquid cooling channel have a sufficiently large heat exchange area, thereby improving the cooling effect of the liquid cooling plate on the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0024] 6. In the large-capacity battery of the present invention, the liquid cooling plate is disposed on the side wall of the large-capacity battery, and the gas-sharing chamber is connected to the explosion venting assembly. This arrangement allows heat from the large-capacity battery casing to be conducted to the outside for treatment through the liquid cooling plate, which can effectively prevent heat accumulation between two adjacent large-capacity batteries and improve the safety of the large-capacity battery in use.

[0025] 7. In the large-capacity battery of the present invention, a heat transfer tube is fixed at the part where the polarity terminal of each individual cell protrudes from the clearance hole, and the heat transfer tube directly contacts the polarity terminal of each individual cell to achieve heat exchange; the heat transfer tube, in conjunction with the liquid cooling plate, enables the temperature at different locations of the entire large-capacity battery to be effectively controlled, avoiding performance and safety problems caused by excessively high or low temperatures in the large-capacity battery, which is of great significance for the safe and stable operation of the large-capacity battery.

[0026] 8. In the large-capacity battery of the present invention, the liquid inlet, liquid outlet, and flue gas outlet are located on the same side wall of the liquid cooling plate, so that the liquid inlet pipe, liquid return pipe, and flue gas manifold connected to the large-capacity battery are located on the same side of the large-capacity battery. This facilitates the connection of the large-capacity battery with the liquid inlet pipe, liquid return pipe, and flue gas manifold when the large-capacity battery is assembled into an energy storage device, improves the connectivity of the pipes and the compactness of the pipe layout, and also saves the installation space of the pipes.

[0027] 9. In the high-capacity battery of the present invention, the flue gas pretreatment channel of the liquid cooling plate is provided with multiple baffles. The multiple baffles can increase the travel of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas pretreatment channel, so as to improve the cooling effect of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas pretreatment channel.

[0028] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the large-capacity battery in Example 1;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the large-capacity battery (with the liquid cooling plate and electrolyte sharing a chamber) in Example 1;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the large-capacity battery (liquid cooling plate connected to gas-shared chamber) in Example 1;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid cooling plate in Example 1. Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid cooling plate in Example 1. Figure 2 ;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid cooling plate in Example 1. Figure 3 ;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid cooling plate (with baffles in the flue gas pretreatment channel) in Example 1;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the large-capacity battery in Example 2;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid cooling plate in Example 2;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the large-capacity battery in Example 3;

[0040] Reference numerals: 1-High-capacity battery, 2-Liquid cooling plate, 3-Heat transfer tube, 11-Outer casing, 12-Single cell, 13-Polar terminal, 131-Clamping part, 14-Explosion venting assembly, 111-Electrolyte sharing chamber, 112-Gas sharing chamber, 141-Explosion venting pipe, 142-Explosion venting part, 21-Liquid cooling channel, 22-Flue gas pretreatment channel, 23-Flue gas pipe, 24-Separator, 25-Upper separator 26-Lower partition, 27-First partition, 28-Second partition, 29-Third partition, 211-Liquid inlet, 212-Liquid outlet, 213-First liquid cooling channel, 214-Second liquid cooling channel, 215-Third liquid cooling channel, 221-Flue gas inlet, 222-Flue gas outlet, 223-Baffle, 31-First pipe, 32-Second pipe, 33-Connecting pipe, 34-Insulation layer, 35-Insulation sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0043] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "top," "bottom," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0044] Studies have shown that during thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, a series of internal chemical reactions occur, releasing large amounts of heat and gases, such as: SEI membrane decomposition (90–120℃), negative electrode reaction with electrolyte (100–350℃), electrolyte decomposition (110–300℃), separator shrinkage and melting reaction (>130℃), positive electrode reaction with electrolyte (200–300℃), and binder decomposition reaction (200–300℃), etc. These reactions do not occur in a fixed order, nor are they independent. During thermal runaway, lithium-ion batteries release large amounts of thermal runaway fumes, which include not only gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, but also impurities such as vaporized electrolyte and molten plastic parts. The vaporized electrolyte undergoes a series of decomposition reactions, further generating large amounts of harmful and flammable gases. Molten plastic parts can easily clog pipelines during subsequent fumes discharge, creating safety hazards. Meanwhile, the high temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas after it is discharged will also affect subsequent pipelines, joints and other components.

[0045] Based on this, the present invention provides a high-capacity battery equipped with a liquid cooling plate. This liquid cooling plate controls the temperature of the high-capacity battery during normal operation, ensuring it operates within a suitable temperature range. In the event of thermal runaway, the thermal runaway gas is transported to a pre-treatment channel within the liquid cooling plate. This pre-treatment channel buffers the thermal runaway gas, allowing it to be discharged smoothly at a relatively stable flow rate. During the buffering process within the pre-treatment channel, the heat transfer medium within the liquid cooling channel also cools the gas. The high-temperature thermal runaway gas is cooled within the pre-treatment channel, thus removing its high-temperature properties and preventing damage to subsequent pipelines, connectors, and other related components after discharge, thereby improving the safety of the high-capacity battery. Meanwhile, when the thermal runaway flue gas is cooled in the flue gas pretreatment channel, the vaporized electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas is liquefied after being cooled by the heat transfer medium, and the high-temperature molten impurities are cooled into solid impurities. At this time, the flue gas pretreatment channel collects the electrolyte and solid impurities carried in the thermal runaway flue gas. After the thermal runaway flue gas is pretreated in the flue gas pretreatment channel, the discharged thermal runaway flue gas is completely gaseous, which is convenient for subsequent transportation and treatment.

[0046] Meanwhile, the present invention also provides an electrical device comprising the aforementioned plurality of high-capacity batteries, a flue gas manifold, and a flue gas treatment device. The thermal runaway flue gas, pretreated by a liquid cooling plate, is transported to the flue gas treatment device through the flue gas manifold. The flue gas treatment device processes the pretreated thermal runaway flue gas to ensure that the discharged thermal runaway flue gas does not pose a safety hazard. Furthermore, because the thermal runaway flue gas has been pretreated by the liquid cooling plate, the discharged thermal runaway flue gas will not clog the subsequent flue gas manifold, thus improving the safety of the electrical device.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the high-capacity battery 1 in this embodiment includes a casing 11 and multiple individual cells 12, which are arranged in the same direction within the casing 11. The individual cells 12 in this embodiment are prismatic cells, and their number can be adjusted according to actual needs. Each individual cell 12 has an internal cavity including an electrolyte area and a gas area. After the multiple individual cells 12 are arranged in the same direction within the casing 11, clearance holes are provided on the top plate of the casing 11 corresponding to the polarity terminals 13 of each individual cell 12. The polarity terminals 13 of each individual cell 12 extend out of the corresponding clearance holes as polarity terminals of the high-capacity battery 1 (all polarity terminals 13 on one side serve as positive terminals of the high-capacity battery 1, and all polarity terminals 13 on the other side serve as negative terminals of the high-capacity battery 1). The area of ​​the top plate of the casing 11 corresponding to the clearance hole is fixedly sealed to the casing of the individual cell 12, thus sealing the gap between the polarity terminals 13 and the clearance holes. A sealing connector can typically be used to achieve this fixed sealing between the top plate of the casing 11 and the casing of the individual cell 12.

[0049] It should be noted that the polarity terminal 13 of the single cell 12 here can be the terminal post of the single cell 12. In order to prevent the terminal post of the single cell 12 from not being able to extend smoothly out of the clearance hole as the polarity terminal 13, a terminal post adapter can be connected to the terminal post of the single cell 12, and the overall structure of the terminal post of the single cell 12 and the terminal post adapter can be used as the polarity terminal 13 of the single cell 12.

[0050] The aforementioned housing 11 has a shared chamber, the inner cavity of which is connected to the inner cavities of all individual battery cells 12. By placing multiple individual battery cells 12 within a housing 11 with the shared chamber, and utilizing the connection between the shared chamber and the inner cavities of each individual battery cell 12 within the housing 11, the differences between the individual battery cells 12 are reduced, and the consistency between the individual battery cells 12 is improved to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycle life of the large-capacity battery 1 to a certain extent.

[0051] The aforementioned shared chamber can be an electrolyte shared chamber 111, which is a liquid channel set on the bottom plate of the outer casing 11. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 111 is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​the inner cavity of all individual batteries 12. Through the electrolyte shared chamber 111, each individual battery 12 can be in a uniform electrolyte environment, ensuring the uniformity of the electrolyte in each individual battery 12 and improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the large-capacity battery 1.

[0052] The aforementioned shared chamber can be a gas shared chamber 112. The gas shared chamber 112 is a gas channel set on the top plate of the outer casing 11. The inner cavity of the gas shared chamber 112 is connected to the gas area of ​​the inner cavity of all individual batteries 12. The gas balance of each individual battery 12 can be achieved through the gas shared chamber 112, which can also improve the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the large-capacity battery 1.

[0053] The aforementioned shared chamber can be a gas-liquid shared chamber. The inner cavity of the gas-liquid shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area and gas area of ​​all individual battery cells 12. Through a gas-liquid shared chamber, each individual battery cell 12 can be in a unified electrolyte and gas environment, improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the large-capacity battery 1. Specifically, the side wall of the outer casing 11 has a protrusion extending along the arrangement direction of the individual battery cells 12, forming a gas-liquid shared chamber at the protrusion. This gas-liquid shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area and gas area of ​​each individual battery cell 12.

[0054] The aforementioned shared chamber may also include an electrolyte shared chamber 111 and a gas shared chamber 112. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 111 is connected to the electrolyte region of all individual cells 12, and the inner cavity of the gas shared chamber 112 is connected to the gas region of all individual cells 12. Placing multiple individual cells 12 inside a housing 11 containing the electrolyte shared chamber 111 and the gas shared chamber 112 ensures that the electrolyte and gas of each individual cell 12 are shared, thus guaranteeing the consistency of each individual cell 12. This keeps the electrolyte and gas of all individual cells 12 in the same system, reducing the differences between individual cells 12 and improving the consistency between individual cells 12 to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycle life of the large-capacity battery 1 to a certain extent.

[0055] The aforementioned shared chamber may also include an electrolyte shared chamber 111 and a gas shared chamber 112. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 111 is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​the inner cavity of all individual cells 12. The gas shared chamber 112 is a gas channel located between the top plate of the outer casing 11 and each individual cell 12. This gas channel covers the explosion venting membrane on the top of each individual cell 12. When the explosion venting membrane of any individual cell 12 is ruptured by the thermal runaway flue gas in the inner cavity, the gas area of ​​the inner cavity of that individual cell 12 is connected to the inner cavity of the gas chamber. The gas shared chamber 112 is used as an explosion venting channel. That is, during normal operation of the large-capacity battery 1, the inner cavity of each individual cell 12 is not connected to the explosion venting channel. When any individual cell 12 experiences thermal runaway, the explosion venting membrane on the top of that individual cell 12 is opened by the flue gas in the inner cavity, and the inner cavity of that individual cell 12 is connected to the explosion venting channel. The thermal runaway flue gas is discharged through the explosion venting channel, improving the safety of the large-capacity battery 1.

[0056] like Figures 2 to 5 As shown, in order to improve the performance of this type of large-capacity battery 1, a liquid cooling plate 2 is provided outside the outer casing 11. The liquid cooling plate 2 has a liquid cooling channel 21 and a flue gas pretreatment channel 22 that are isolated from each other. The liquid cooling channel 21 contains a heat transfer medium that exchanges heat with the outer casing 11 to control the temperature of the large-capacity battery 1. The flue gas pretreatment channel 22 is connected to the explosion relief component 14 on the outer casing 11 to cool the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the large-capacity battery 1.

[0057] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the liquid cooling plate 2 is provided with an inlet 211 and an outlet 212 communicating with the liquid cooling channel 21. The inlet 211 of the liquid cooling plate 2 is connected to the inlet pipe, and the outlet 212 is connected to the return pipe. The liquid cooling plate 2 is connected to a temperature control device through the inlet and return pipes, which circulate the heat transfer medium. The temperature control device heats and cools the heat transfer medium. This temperature control device is a device with heating and / or cooling functions, such as a heater or water chiller. When the temperature of the large-capacity battery 1 is higher than a set threshold, a lower-temperature heat transfer medium is introduced into the liquid cooling channel 21 of the liquid cooling plate 2 to exchange heat with the large-capacity battery 1, thereby cooling the large-capacity battery 1. When the temperature of the large-capacity battery 1 is lower than the set threshold, a higher-temperature heat transfer medium is introduced into the liquid cooling plate 2 to heat the large-capacity battery 1. By controlling the temperature of the heat transfer medium, it can be ensured that the large-capacity battery 1 always operates at the normal operating temperature.

[0058] Meanwhile, the aforementioned liquid cooling plate 2 is also equipped with a flue gas inlet 221 and a flue gas outlet 222 connected to the flue gas pretreatment channel 22. When any single battery cell 12 inside the casing 11 experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas enters the flue gas pretreatment channel 22 of the liquid cooling plate 2 through the flue gas inlet 221. After being buffered and cooled within the flue gas pretreatment channel 22, the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged through the flue gas outlet 222. This flue gas pretreatment channel 22 not only buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, allowing it to be discharged smoothly at a relatively stable flow rate, but also collects the electrolyte and impurities carried in the thermal runaway flue gas, ensuring that the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the flue gas pretreatment channel 22 is a gaseous substance, facilitating subsequent transportation and processing.

[0059] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the casing 11 of the large-capacity battery 1 is provided with a venting assembly 14. The venting assembly 14 specifically includes a venting pipe 141 and a venting section 142. One end of the venting pipe 141 is connected to the venting port of the large-capacity battery 1, and the other end is connected to the flue gas inlet 221 of the liquid cooling plate 2. The venting section 142 is disposed on the venting pipe 141 or on the venting port of the large-capacity battery 1. Specifically, the venting section 142 can be a venting diaphragm or a venting valve. This venting assembly 14 can ensure that the thermal runaway flue gas inside the large-capacity battery 1 can be smoothly discharged in the event of thermal runaway, avoiding safety hazards such as explosion inside the casing 11 of the large-capacity battery 1.

[0060] In specific connection, at least one of the electrolyte sharing chamber 111 and the gas sharing chamber 112 is connected to the explosion relief component 14. When both the electrolyte sharing chamber 111 and the gas sharing chamber 112 are connected to the explosion relief component 14, the outer casing 11 of the large-capacity battery 1 is provided with two sets of explosion relief components 14. The two sets of explosion relief components 14 are respectively connected to the electrolyte sharing chamber 111 and the gas sharing chamber 112. At this time, the liquid cooling plate 2 is provided with two flue gas inlets 221. The two sets of explosion relief components 14 are respectively connected to the flue gas inlets 221 on the liquid cooling plate 2. This arrangement gives the large-capacity battery 1 two explosion relief channels. When any single cell 12 experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged from different explosion relief channels. In a short time, the heat and thermal runaway flue gas accumulated in the explosion relief channels and the single cell 12 can be reduced, thereby reducing the risk of explosion.

[0061] When the large-capacity battery 1 is in use, the liquid cooling plate 2 can be disposed at the bottom of the housing 11 or on the side wall of the housing 11. In this embodiment, disposing of the liquid cooling plate 2 at the bottom of the large-capacity battery 1 has the following advantages:

[0062] First, the liquid cooling plate 2 can dissipate heat from the large-capacity battery 1 in a timely manner, achieving balanced heat dissipation for each individual cell 12 within the large-capacity battery 1. Simultaneously, when the liquid cooling plate 2 is positioned at the bottom of the large-capacity battery 1, it contacts the electrolyte sharing chamber 111 at the bottom plate of the outer casing 11, further reducing the temperature of the free electrolyte within the electrolyte sharing chamber 111. This optimizes the overall heat dissipation effect of the large-capacity battery 1 and improves its operational safety.

[0063] Secondly, when any single cell 12 experiences thermal runaway, the free electrolyte in the electrolyte sharing chamber 111 absorbs heat and vaporizes, exacerbating the thermal runaway. In this embodiment, the liquid cooling plate 2 is placed on the bottom of the outer casing 11, directly contacting the electrolyte sharing chamber 111, to cool the free electrolyte in the electrolyte sharing chamber 111, slowing down the vaporization of the free electrolyte, thereby slowing down the thermal runaway process of the entire large-capacity battery 1 and improving the safety performance of the entire large-capacity battery 1.

[0064] Third, the liquid cooling plate 2 is located at the bottom of the large-capacity battery 1, providing a certain degree of support. At the same time, placing the liquid cooling plate 2 at the bottom of the large-capacity battery 1 also improves the flatness of the bottom of the battery 1, giving it better stability during placement.

[0065] It should be noted that when the liquid cooling plate 2 is placed at the bottom of the casing 11 of the large-capacity battery 1 and comes into contact with the casing 11, insulation should be ensured between the liquid cooling plate 2 and the large-capacity battery 1 when the casing 11 of the large-capacity battery 1 is energized. This can usually be achieved by insulating the casing 11 of the large-capacity battery 1 or the liquid cooling plate 2, such as by spraying insulating paint or covering the surface of the casing 11 of the large-capacity battery 1 or the liquid cooling plate 2, or by adding an insulating pad between the two. Alternatively, the liquid cooling plate 2 can be made of a harder insulating material.

[0066] The aforementioned liquid-cooled plate 2 is provided with a liquid-cooled channel 21 for the flow of heat transfer medium and a flue gas pretreatment channel 22 for the flow of thermal runaway flue gas. The flue gas pretreatment channel 22 and the liquid-cooled channel 21 are independent of each other and are arranged adjacently. That is, the heat transfer medium and the thermal runaway flue gas enter and exit the liquid-cooled plate 2 through their respective channels. At the same time, since the flue gas pretreatment channel 22 and the liquid-cooled channel 21 are adjacent cavities, the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas pretreatment channel 22 can also be cooled when the heat transfer medium passes through the liquid-cooled channel 21. The heat transfer medium in the liquid-cooled channel cools down the gas in the flue gas pretreatment channel. The high-temperature thermal runaway flue gas is cooled in the flue gas pretreatment channel, thereby removing the high-temperature properties of the thermal runaway flue gas and preventing damage to subsequent pipelines, joints and other related devices after the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged. Specifically, the liquid-cooled plate 2 can adopt the following structure to form the flue gas pretreatment channel 22 and the liquid-cooled channel 21:

[0067] First, such as Figure 4 As shown, the liquid inlet 211 and the liquid outlet 212 are located on different side walls of the liquid cooling plate 2, and the liquid cooling channel 21 inside the liquid cooling plate 2 is located above the flue gas pretreatment channel 22. In specific manufacturing, a partition 24 is installed inside the liquid cooling plate 2. The partition 24 is a horizontal plate that divides the inner cavity of the liquid cooling plate 2 into an upper cavity and a lower cavity. The upper cavity is the liquid cooling channel 21, and the lower cavity is the flue gas pretreatment channel 22. The partition 24 has a heat conduction function, and the heat transfer medium in the liquid cooling channel 21 is used to cool the thermally runaway flue gas in the flue gas pretreatment channel 22 through the partition 24.

[0068] Second, such as Figure 5 As shown, the liquid inlet 211 and the liquid outlet 212 are located on the same side wall of the liquid cooling plate 2, and the liquid cooling channel 21 inside the liquid cooling plate 2 is located above the flue gas pretreatment channel 22. Specifically, the liquid cooling plate 2 is equipped with an upper partition 25 and a lower partition 26. Both the upper partition 25 and the lower partition 26 are horizontal plates, arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The lower partition 26 divides the inner cavity of the liquid cooling plate 2 into mutually isolated liquid cooling channels 21 and flue gas pretreatment channels 22. There is a gap between the upper partition 25 and the side wall of the liquid cooling plate 2, dividing the liquid cooling channel 21 into two interconnected channels. The upper liquid cooling channel is connected to the liquid inlet 211, and the lower channel is connected to the liquid outlet 212. The lower partition 26 has a heat-conducting function, allowing the heat transfer medium inside the liquid cooling channel 21 to cool the thermally runaway flue gas in the flue gas pretreatment channel 22.

[0069] Third, such as Figure 6 As shown, the liquid inlet 211 and the liquid outlet 212 are located on the same side wall of the liquid cooling plate 2. The liquid cooling channel 21 is a U-shaped liquid cooling channel, including a first liquid cooling channel 213, a second liquid cooling channel 214, and a third liquid cooling channel 215. The first liquid cooling channel 213, the flue gas pretreatment channel 22, and the third liquid cooling channel 215 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom, and the first liquid cooling channel 213 and the third liquid cooling channel 215 are connected through the second liquid cooling channel 214. A flue gas pipe 23 is connected to the flue gas inlet 221, and the flue gas pipe 23 passes through the second liquid cooling channel 214 and connects to the flue gas pretreatment channel 22. The flue gas pretreatment channel 22 is set between the first liquid cooling channel 213 and the third liquid cooling channel 215, so that when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the flue gas pretreatment channel 22, both sides of the thermal runaway flue gas flowing along the flue gas pretreatment channel 22 are cooled by the heat transfer medium in the liquid cooling channel 21, so that the thermal runaway flue gas and the heat transfer medium in the liquid cooling channel 21 have a sufficiently large heat exchange area, thereby improving the cooling effect of the liquid cooling plate 2 on the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0070] In specific manufacturing, the liquid cooling plate 2 is provided with a U-shaped partition, which includes a first partition 27, a second partition 28, and a third partition 29. The first partition 27 and the second partition 28 are both horizontal plates, and the third partition 29 is a vertical plate. The first partition 27 and the top plate of the liquid cooling plate 2 form a first liquid cooling channel 213, the second partition 28 and the bottom plate of the liquid cooling plate 2 form a third liquid cooling channel 215, and the third partition 29 and the side plate of the liquid cooling plate 2 form a second liquid cooling channel 214. The liquid cooling channel formed by the first liquid cooling channel 213, the second liquid cooling channel 214, and the third liquid cooling channel 215 is a U-shaped channel. At this time, the cavity inside the U-shaped partition is a flue gas pretreatment channel 22. Meanwhile, a flue gas pipe 23 is connected to the flue gas inlet 221. The flue gas pipe 23 passes through the second liquid cooling channel 214 and connects to the flue gas pretreatment channel 22.

[0071] In the above three structures of liquid cooling plate 2, the liquid cooling channel 21 of the liquid cooling plate is close to the electrolyte sharing chamber 111 at the bottom of the outer shell 11. At this time, the liquid cooling channel 21 is in direct contact with the electrolyte sharing chamber 111 at the bottom of the outer shell, and directly cools the free electrolyte in the electrolyte sharing chamber 111, which can further improve the temperature control effect. When any single cell experiences thermal runaway, the free electrolyte in the electrolyte sharing chamber 111 exchanges heat with the heat transfer medium in the liquid cooling channel 21, slowing down the vaporization of the free electrolyte, thereby slowing down the process of thermal runaway of the entire large-capacity battery and improving the safety performance of the entire large-capacity battery.

[0072] In other embodiments, the liquid cooling channel 21 may be located below the flue gas pretreatment channel 22, or the flue gas pretreatment channel 22 and the liquid cooling channel 21 may be arranged horizontally side by side. However, this arrangement is relatively less effective for temperature control of large-capacity batteries compared to the arrangement of placing the liquid cooling channel 21 close to the electrolyte sharing chamber 111 at the bottom of the outer casing 11.

[0073] When the liquid cooling plate 2 of the above structure is set, the liquid inlet 211 and the liquid outlet 212 are preferably set on the same side wall of the liquid cooling plate 2. More preferably, the liquid inlet 211, the liquid outlet 212 and the flue gas outlet 222 are all set on the same side wall of the liquid cooling plate 2. This arrangement makes the liquid inlet pipe, the liquid return pipe and the flue gas manifold connected to the large-capacity battery 1 located on the same side of the large-capacity battery 1. This makes it easy for the large-capacity battery 1 to be connected to the liquid inlet pipe, the liquid return pipe and the flue gas manifold when it is assembled into an energy storage device. This improves the connectivity of the pipes and the compactness of the pipe layout. At the same time, it also saves the installation space of the pipes.

[0074] like Figure 7As shown, in this embodiment, multiple baffles 223 can also be installed in the flue gas pretreatment channel 22 of the liquid cooling plate 2. These baffles 223 are sequentially installed in the flue gas pretreatment channel 22 along the direction of thermal runaway flue gas flow, with adjacent baffles 223 staggered, causing the flow of thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas pretreatment channel 22 to be wave-like. These multiple baffles 223 can increase the travel distance of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas pretreatment channel 22, further improving the cooling effect of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas pretreatment channel 22.

[0075] During normal use, the large-capacity battery 1 can be cooled through the liquid cooling channel 21, reducing the possibility of overheating and potential danger. In the event of thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas opens the explosion vent 142 and enters the flue gas pretreatment channel 22 of the liquid cooling plate through the explosion vent pipe 141. The flue gas pretreatment channel 22 buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, allowing it to be discharged smoothly at a relatively stable flow rate. Simultaneously, the flue gas pretreatment channel 22 collects electrolyte and impurities carried in the thermal runaway flue gas, ensuring that the discharged flue gas is gaseous, facilitating subsequent transport and processing. Furthermore, the heat transfer medium in the liquid cooling plate 2 can cool the thermal runaway flue gas through partitions. Guided by the flue gas pretreatment channel 22, the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged from the large-capacity battery 1, preventing temperature increases in other battery cells, thus slowing heat spread and improving the safety of the large-capacity battery 1. Meanwhile, since the liquid cooling plate 2 has already cooled the high-temperature gas, the discharged gas will not damage the external structure of the large-capacity battery 1, reducing the risk of using the large-capacity battery 1. In addition, since the heat transfer medium is in a flowing state within the liquid cooling plate 2, the heat transfer medium continuously cools and treats the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the large-capacity battery 1.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] like Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, this embodiment is similar to Embodiment 1, except that the liquid cooling plate 2 is disposed on the side wall of the large-capacity battery 1. At this time, at least one of the electrolyte sharing chamber 111 and the gas sharing chamber 112 is connected to the flue gas inlet 221 on the liquid cooling plate 2 via the explosion venting assembly 14. Specifically, the gas sharing chamber 112 is preferentially connected to the flue gas inlet 221 on the liquid cooling plate 2 via the explosion venting assembly 14. This is because the gas sharing chamber 112 of the large-capacity battery 1 is disposed on the top of the outer casing 11. After the gas sharing chamber 112 is connected to the explosion venting assembly 14, the thermal runaway flue gas can be smoothly discharged from the top of the outer casing 11 and enter the flue gas pretreatment channel 22 of the liquid cooling plate 2 for cooling. When the gas sharing chamber 112 is connected to the flue gas inlet 221 on the liquid cooling plate 2 through the explosion relief assembly 14, since the electrolyte sharing chamber 111 is located at the bottom of the outer shell 11, when the thermal runaway flue gas enters the flue gas pretreatment channel 22 of the liquid cooling plate 2 from the electrolyte sharing chamber 111, it needs to flow upward in the explosion relief pipe. At this time, there may be a blockage in the explosion relief pipe 141, and the flow of thermal runaway flue gas may not be smooth.

[0078] In this embodiment, the liquid cooling plate 2 is disposed on the side wall of the large capacity battery 1. When any single cell 12 experiences thermal runaway, the free electrolyte in the electrolyte sharing chamber 111 absorbs heat and vaporizes, exacerbating the thermal runaway. In this embodiment, the liquid cooling plate 2 is attached to the outer periphery of the electrolyte sharing chamber 111 to cool the free electrolyte in the electrolyte sharing chamber 111, slow down the vaporization of the free electrolyte, and thus slow down the process of thermal runaway of the entire large capacity battery 1, improving the safety performance of the entire large capacity battery 1.

[0079] Simultaneously, liquid cooling plates 2 are installed on the side walls of the large-capacity batteries 1. Each liquid cooling plate 2 can also apply a clamping force to the side walls of the large-capacity battery 1, preventing the side walls of the large-capacity battery 1 from tearing under air pressure when a single battery 12 experiences thermal runaway. In other words, the liquid cooling plates 2 on both sides of the large-capacity battery 1 can also apply a clamping force to each single battery 12 within the large-capacity battery 1 in the y-direction, preventing the single battery body from expanding along the y-direction and tearing when a single battery 12 experiences thermal runaway, thus avoiding the problem of exacerbating thermal runaway and spreading smoke. For ease of description, the length direction of the outer shell is defined as the x-direction, the width direction of the outer shell is defined as the y-direction, and the height direction of the outer shell is defined as the z-direction.

[0080] It should be noted that:

[0081] In this embodiment, the outer shell includes a cylindrical body with open ends at both ends and end plates fixed to the two open ends of the cylindrical body. During the assembly of the high-capacity battery, after the individual battery is inserted into the cylindrical body, the end plates are fixed to the open ends of the cylindrical body. The end plates at both ends need to press the outermost individual battery. Therefore, in the x direction, clamping force can be applied to each individual battery based on the end plates at both ends.

[0082] This embodiment adds a sealing connector between the clearance hole and the polarity terminal. This sealing connector includes a hollow component. The bottom of the hollow component is used for a sealed connection with a first region of the individual battery cell, and the top of the hollow component is used for a sealed connection with a second region of the outer casing. The first region is the area surrounding any polarity terminal in the upper cover of any individual battery cell. The second region is the area corresponding to any clearance hole on the outer casing. The area corresponding to the clearance hole is the area surrounding any clearance hole on the outer surface of the outer casing; or the area corresponding to the clearance hole is the wall of the clearance hole. The area surrounding the polarity terminal is the area surrounding the insulating sealing gasket on the polarity terminal. This insulating sealing gasket is a component on the individual battery used to insulate the polarity terminal from the upper cover.

[0083] In this embodiment, due to the presence of the sealing connector, a clamping force can also be applied to each individual battery cell in the z-direction;

[0084] In summary, this embodiment, based on two end plates, two second liquid cooling plates, and various sealing connectors, ensures that the individual cells in the large-capacity battery are constrained in the x, y, and z directions, thereby ensuring that the thermal runaway flue gas can be smoothly released from the gas sharing chamber. This reduces or even avoids the problem of thermal runaway exacerbated by tearing of the upper cover plate, lower cover plate, and cylinder body during individual cell thermal runaway, leading to the spread of flue gas.

[0085] Example 3

[0086] This embodiment is similar to Embodiments 1 and 2, except that liquid cooling plates 2 are provided on both the side wall and bottom of the large-capacity battery 1. The liquid cooling plate 2 located at the bottom of the large-capacity battery 1 is connected to the electrolyte shared chamber 111 of the large-capacity battery 1 through an explosion venting assembly 14, and the liquid cooling plate 2 located on the side wall of the large-capacity battery 1 is connected to the gas shared chamber 112 of the large-capacity battery 1 through the explosion venting assembly 14. This arrangement gives the large-capacity battery 1 two explosion venting channels. When any single cell 12 experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway fumes are discharged from different explosion venting channels, which can reduce the heat and thermal runaway fumes accumulated in the explosion venting channels and single cells 12 in a short time, reducing the risk of explosion. At the same time, the thermal runaway fumes in the electrolyte shared chamber 111 and the gas shared chamber 112 are treated by the heat transfer medium in different liquid cooling plates 2, improving the treatment effect of thermal runaway fumes.

[0087] Multiple liquid cooling plates 2 can simultaneously exchange heat with the sidewalls and bottom of the large-capacity battery 1, effectively dissipating heat from all directions on the sidewalls and bottom of the large-capacity battery 1, greatly improving the heat dissipation performance of the large-capacity battery 1, and effectively controlling the temperature at different locations of the entire large-capacity battery 1. This avoids performance and safety problems caused by excessively high or low temperatures of the large-capacity battery 1, which is of great significance for the safe and stable operation of the large-capacity battery 1.

[0088] In addition, in this embodiment, the liquid cooling plate 2 is set at the bottom of the casing 11 of the large-capacity battery 1 and on the side wall of the casing 11 of the large-capacity battery 1, which directly acts on the free electrolyte inside the casing 11 of the large-capacity battery 1 to cool down the free electrolyte, slow down the vaporization of the free electrolyte, and thus slow down the process of thermal runaway of the entire large-capacity battery 1, thereby improving the safety performance of the entire large-capacity battery 1.

[0089] Example 4

[0090] like Figure 1 and Figure 10 As shown, this embodiment is similar to Embodiment 1, except that in this embodiment, the large-capacity battery 1, as... Figure 1 As shown, each individual battery cell 12 has a clamping part 131 at the part where the polar terminal 13 extends out of the clearance hole; the heat transfer pipe 3 is fixed on the clamping part 131 of the polar terminal 13 of each individual battery cell 12, and the heat transfer pipe 3 is insulated from each individual battery cell 12. The heat transfer pipe 3 is installed on the polar terminal 13 of each individual battery cell 12, mainly to control the temperature of the top of the large-capacity battery 1, especially the part of the polar terminal 13 of each individual battery cell 12, to conduct heat away from the polar terminal 13 where the heat is concentrated in time, improve the heat dissipation effect of the top of the large-capacity battery 1, and ensure that the large-capacity battery 1 operates within the optimal temperature range.

[0091] In this embodiment of the large-capacity battery 1, the heat transfer tube 3 is combined with the liquid cooling plate 2 to effectively control the temperature at different locations of the entire large-capacity battery 1, avoiding performance and safety problems caused by excessively high or low temperatures in the large-capacity battery 1. This is of great significance for the safe and stable operation of the large-capacity battery 1.

[0092] like Figure 1 As shown, during the specific installation of the heat transfer tube 3, a through groove or through hole is opened at the part where the polarity terminal 13 of the single cell 12 extends out of the clearance hole, serving as a clamping part 131. Compared with a through hole, a through groove is more convenient for on-site installation and has relatively lower installation requirements. The through groove is designed with a C-shaped or U-shaped cross-section. The opening width of the C-shaped through groove is smaller than the widest part of the through groove. This design facilitates the interference fit of the heat transfer tube 3 into the through groove. The curvature formed at both ends of the C-shaped through groove has natural tension, which helps to tightly clamp the heat transfer tube 3 into the through groove.

[0093] like Figure 10 As shown, the heat transfer tube 3 is a pipe with heat exchange function. There are no requirements for the cross-sectional shape of the heat transfer tube 3, as long as it can contact the polar terminal 13 of the single cell 12 for heat exchange. For example, a square tube, an elliptical tube, or a round tube can be used. In this embodiment, the heat transfer tube 3 is preferably a round tube. Round tubes are easy to install and can be made using existing metal tubes, resulting in relatively low cost.

[0094] Meanwhile, to improve heat exchange efficiency, heat transfer tube 3 uses a metal tube with good thermal conductivity, such as aluminum or copper. Preferably, the heat transfer tube 3 uses aluminum, which has good thermal conductivity and relatively low cost. To ensure good heat conduction, the thinner the aluminum tube wall, the better. However, if the aluminum tube wall is too thin, it will be relatively soft and easily bent and damaged during installation. Therefore, the preferred wall thickness of the aluminum tube is 0.5mm to 1mm. This wall thickness ensures good thermal conductivity while maintaining installation reliability, avoiding the risk of bending and damage that occurs with thinner aluminum tubes. In practical applications, the diameter of the aluminum tube is generally around 10mm to 20mm.

[0095] The heat transfer tube 3 mainly exchanges heat with the polar terminals 13 of each individual cell 12. Specifically, the polar terminals 13 of all individual cells 12 located on one side serve as the first polar terminals of the large-capacity battery 1, and the polar terminals 13 of all individual cells 12 located on the other side serve as the second polar terminals of the large-capacity battery 1. The heat transfer tube 3 can be implemented using the following structure:

[0096] First, the heat transfer tube can be made from a single tube, by bending the entire metal tube into a U-shaped tube, with the two straight tubes of the U-shaped tube fixed to the first polarity terminal and the second polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery 1, respectively.

[0097] Second, the heat transfer tube includes an L-shaped first tube segment and a second tube segment; the first tube segment is fixed on the first polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery 1; the second tube segment is fixed on the second polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery 1, and the relatively shorter tube segments of the first tube segment and the second tube segment are connected by a connector.

[0098] Third, such as Figure 10 As shown, the heat transfer tube 3 mainly includes a first tube 31, a second tube 32, and a connecting tube 33; the first tube 31 is fixed on the first polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery 1; the second tube 32 is fixed on the second polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery 1, and the two ends of the connecting tube 33 are respectively connected to the ports of the first tube 31 and the second tube 32 located on the same side.

[0099] For ease of installation, the heat transfer tube 3 is preferably a spliced ​​pipe of the third type. At the same time, the connecting pipe 33 of the spliced ​​heat transfer tube 3 can also be made of flexible tubing. After the first tube 31 and the second tube 32 are connected by flexible tubing, it is convenient for the first tube 31 and the second tube 32 to be installed on the first polarity terminal and the second polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery 1 respectively, which improves the installability of the heat transfer tube 3 on the large-capacity battery 1. At the same time, the flexible tubing is made of insulating tubing, which improves the insulation between the large-capacity battery 1 and the heat transfer tube 3. In specific connection, the insulating tubing is fixedly connected to the first tube 31 and the second tube 32 by clamps.

[0100] Furthermore, when the large-capacity battery 1 is working, the temperature of the positive terminal 13 is higher than that of the negative terminal 13. At this time, the port of the first tube 31 is used as the liquid inlet port of the heat transfer tube 3, and the port of the second tube 32 is used as the liquid outlet port of the heat transfer tube 3. At the same time, the first tube 31 of the heat transfer tube 3 is connected to the positive terminal 13 of the large-capacity battery 1, and the second tube 32 is connected to the negative terminal 13 of the large-capacity battery 1. When the heat transfer tube 3 exchanges heat with the large-capacity battery 1, the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer tube 3 first exchanges heat with the higher-temperature positive terminal 13, and then exchanges heat with the negative terminal 13, so that the temperatures of the positive terminal 13 and the negative terminal 13 are relatively balanced, thereby improving the reliability of the large-capacity battery 1 during operation.

[0101] After the heat transfer tube 3 is connected to the polarity terminal 13 of the large-capacity battery 1, in order to ensure the safety of the large-capacity battery 1 during operation, insulation must be provided between the heat transfer tube 3 and the polarity terminal 13 of the large-capacity battery 1. This insulation can be achieved in the following ways:

[0102] First, the polarity terminal 13 is insulated.

[0103] Insulation treatment is performed on the polar terminals 13 of each individual battery cell 12. Specifically, an insulating layer 34 is provided on the part of each individual battery cell 12 polar terminal 13 that contacts the heat transfer tube 3. The insulating layer 34 can be a boron nitride or aluminum oxide, copper fluoride or other ceramic coating, or an insulating varnish layer formed by coating, or a hard oxide layer formed after oxidation treatment, or an enamel insulating layer 34, etc. In specific configuration, the insulating layer 34 is formed on the groove wall of the through-hole or the hole wall of the through-hole of the polar terminal 13.

[0104] Second, an insulating heat-conducting component is provided between the polar terminal 13 and the heat transfer tube 3;

[0105] An insulating heat-conducting component is provided between the polar terminal 13 of each individual cell 12 and the heat transfer tube 3. For example, an insulating plastic pad, an insulating rubber pad, and a heat-conducting ceramic pad are provided between the polar terminal 13 of each individual cell 12 and the heat transfer tube 3.

[0106] Third, heat transfer tube 3 is insulated;

[0107] When insulating the heat transfer tube 3, insulation can be achieved using a heat transfer tube 3 made of insulating materials, such as plastic or ceramic tubes. However, currently, the thermal conductivity of metal tubes, plastic tubes, or ceramic tubes is relatively poor. Therefore, the heat transfer tube 3 is best made of metal. In this case, if... Figure 5As shown, an insulating layer 34 or an insulating sleeve 35 is provided on the metal tube to ensure the insulation between the metal tube and the large-capacity battery 1 during use. Preferably, both the insulating layer 34 and the insulating sleeve 35 are provided on the heat transfer tube 3 to form a double insulation structure. This double insulation configuration ensures that even if one of the insulating layer 34 or the insulating sleeve 35 is damaged during heat exchange between the heat transfer tube 3 and the large-capacity battery 1, reliable insulation performance can still be maintained between the heat transfer tube 3 and the large-capacity battery 1, thereby improving the safety of the large-capacity battery 1 during use.

[0108] When an aluminum tube is fitted with an insulation layer 34, the insulation layer 34 is formed on the tube wall, forming an integral structure with the aluminum tube. This can be achieved in several ways: First, a ceramic coating, i.e., a high-temperature electrical insulating coating, is formed on the tube wall to form the insulation layer 34. The ceramic coating can be boron nitride, aluminum oxide, or copper fluoride coating. However, this method results in the insulation layer 34 being prone to peeling off and has high processing costs. Second, an insulating material (such as insulating varnish) is coated onto the surface of the aluminum tube wall to form the insulation layer 34. This method is easy to process and implement, and has lower processing costs. Third, an enamel insulation layer 34 is formed on the outer wall of the aluminum tube, forming an integral structure with the aluminum tube. Fourth, the aluminum tube is oxidized to form the insulation layer 34. Oxidation treatment utilizes the chemical reaction between the metal surface and oxygen to form an oxide film, thereby improving the insulating properties of the metal surface. Examples include electrochemical oxidation methods. Specifically, the aluminum tube is oxidized to form a hard oxide layer. The insulating layer 34 formed by this method is not easy to fall off and has relatively good insulation performance.

[0109] It should be noted that the aforementioned tube wall can be either the outer or inner wall of the aluminum tube, but is preferably the outer wall. A thicker hard oxide layer formed through oxidation treatment results in better insulation, but its thermal conductivity will decrease. In this embodiment, the thickness of the hard oxide layer is preferably 20µm to 50µm. This thickness of hard oxide layer ensures insulation performance while also giving the sidewall of the aluminum tube better thermal conductivity.

[0110] The aforementioned insulating sleeve 35 can be made of an insulating material with good thermal conductivity, giving it both excellent thermal conductivity and good insulation properties. In this embodiment, the insulating sleeve 35 is made of a thermally conductive plastic or rubber sleeve with good insulation and thermal conductivity, such as a thermally conductive silicone sleeve. The thickness of the insulating sleeve 35 is preferably 0.1mm to 1.5mm, which ensures good insulation while maintaining good thermal conductivity. The cross-sectional shape of the insulating sleeve 35 can be circular, U-shaped, or C-shaped, as long as it can fit snugly onto the aluminum tube with the insulating layer 34, achieving insulation at the contact point between the aluminum tube and the polarity terminal 13 of the individual battery 12. Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the insulating sleeve 35 is preferably the same as that of the aluminum tube, so that the insulating sleeve 35 can be tightly nested onto the aluminum tube, thereby improving the thermal conductivity of the aluminum tube. In addition, when the insulating sleeve 35 is installed and fitted with the heat transfer tube 3, the size of the insulating sleeve 35 is set to be slightly smaller than the size of the heat transfer tube 3 so that the insulating sleeve 35 is tightly nested on the heat transfer tube 3 with the insulating layer 34. Alternatively, the insulating sleeve 35 can be fitted onto the heat transfer tube 3 with the insulating layer 34 by heat shrinking.

[0111] Example 5

[0112] This embodiment provides an electrical device, which can be, but is not limited to, vehicles, ships, spacecraft, energy storage devices, etc. Vehicles can be gasoline-powered vehicles, natural gas-powered vehicles, or new energy vehicles; new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc.; spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.; energy storage devices can be residential energy storage devices, industrial and commercial energy storage devices, power plant generation and storage devices, etc. This application embodiment does not impose any special limitations on the above-mentioned electrical device.

[0113] The electrical equipment in this embodiment includes a flue gas manifold, a flue gas treatment device, and multiple large-capacity batteries. The flue gas outlets of each large-capacity battery are connected to the flue gas manifold, which transports the thermal runaway flue gas pretreated by the liquid cooling plate of the large-capacity battery to the flue gas treatment device for processing.

[0114] The aforementioned flue gas treatment device includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device, and an ignition device, used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas after pretreatment of the liquid cooling plates of large-capacity batteries, so that the discharged thermal runaway flue gas after treatment will not pose a safety hazard.

[0115] The aforementioned liquid processing device includes at least one liquid processing tank, each of which has a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. The liquid processing tank is filled with a liquid processing medium, which can specifically be an organic solvent, such as an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent, or an aldehyde solvent. Alternatively, the liquid processing medium can be an alkaline solution, such as an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or barium hydroxide.

[0116] The aforementioned solid treatment device includes at least one solid treatment tank, each equipped with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. The solid treatment tank is filled with a solid adsorption medium, which may specifically be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicates, phosphates, or porous glass, etc., used to adsorb and treat thermal runaway flue gas, for example, adsorbing excess H2, CO, methane, ethylene, etc. Preferably, activated carbon is selected as the solid adsorption medium due to its relatively low cost and superior treatment effect. Generally, activated carbon with a high iodine value or modified activated carbon is chosen, as this type of activated carbon readily adsorbs low molecular weight gases in the thermal runaway flue gas, for example, readily reacting with hydrogen, methane, etc.

[0117] The aforementioned flue gas cooling device includes at least one cooling tank, each equipped with a flue gas inlet and outlet. The cooling tank is filled with a cooling medium for cooling the thermally runaway flue gas. The cooling medium may specifically be ceramic balls, silica, alumina, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, graphite rods, porous ceramics, etc.

[0118] The aforementioned ignition device is mainly used to ignite thermal runaway flue gas to avoid the risk of combustion or explosion after the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged. The ignition device can adopt the structure disclosed in Chinese patents CN220324645U, CN219453979U, CN218523576U, CN218498146U, and CN218414927U.

Claims

1. A high-capacity battery, characterized in that, It includes a casing and multiple individual battery cells arranged in the same direction within the casing; The outer casing has a shared chamber, the inner cavity of which is connected to the inner cavities of all individual batteries; the top plate of the outer casing has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual battery; the polarity terminals of each individual battery extend out of the clearance holes, and the area of ​​the top plate of the outer casing corresponding to the clearance holes is fixedly sealed to the individual battery casing. The outer shell is provided with a liquid cooling plate, and the liquid cooling plate has a liquid cooling channel and a flue gas pretreatment channel that are isolated from each other. At the same time, the liquid cooling plate is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet that are connected to the liquid cooling channel, as well as a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet that are connected to the flue gas pretreatment channel. The liquid cooling channel contains a heat transfer medium that exchanges heat with the outer shell to control the temperature of the large-capacity battery. The flue gas inlet is used to connect to the explosion relief assembly on the casing. When any single battery cell inside the casing experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas opens the explosion relief assembly. The thermal runaway flue gas enters the flue gas pretreatment channel of the liquid cooling plate through the flue gas inlet. After pretreatment in the flue gas pretreatment channel, the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged through the flue gas outlet.

2. The high-capacity battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber; The electrolyte sharing chamber is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each individual battery cell; The gas-sharing chamber is connected to the gas area of ​​each individual battery cell, or the gas-sharing chamber is a gas channel located between the top plate of the outer casing and each individual battery cell. This gas channel covers the explosion venting membrane of each individual battery cell. When the explosion venting membrane of any individual battery cell is ruptured by the thermal runaway flue gas in the inner cavity, the gas area of ​​that individual battery cell and the gas channel are connected.

3. The high-capacity battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The liquid cooling plate is disposed at the bottom of the outer shell. The explosion venting assembly includes an explosion venting pipe and an explosion venting section. One end of the explosion venting pipe is connected to at least one of the electrolyte sharing chamber and the gas sharing chamber, and the other end is connected to the flue gas inlet of the liquid cooling plate. The explosion venting section is disposed in the explosion venting port of the outer shell or on the explosion venting pipe.

4. The high-capacity battery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The liquid cooling channel of the liquid cooling plate is located above the flue gas pretreatment channel, so that the liquid cooling channel is close to the electrolyte shared chamber at the bottom of the shell.

5. The high-capacity battery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The liquid cooling plate is provided with a U-shaped partition, and the cavity between the U-shaped partition and the side wall of the liquid cooling plate is a U-shaped liquid cooling channel. The inner cavity of the U-shaped partition is a flue gas pretreatment channel. A flue gas pipe is connected to the flue gas inlet, and the flue gas pipe passes through the liquid cooling channel and is connected to the flue gas pretreatment channel.

6. The high-capacity battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The liquid cooling plate is located on the side wall of the outer shell, and the flue gas pretreatment channel of the liquid cooling plate is located above the liquid cooling channel. The explosion relief assembly includes an explosion relief pipe and an explosion relief part. One end of the explosion relief pipe is connected to the gas sharing chamber, and the other end is connected to the flue gas inlet of the liquid cooling plate. The explosion relief part is located in the explosion relief port of the outer shell or on the explosion relief pipe.

7. The high-capacity battery according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Each individual battery cell has a clamping part at the point where its polarity terminal extends out of the clearance hole; the heat transfer tube is fixed on the clamping part of each individual battery cell's polarity terminal, and the heat transfer tube is insulated from each individual battery cell. The clamping part is a through groove or through hole opened at the point where the polarity terminal of each individual battery cell extends out of the clearance hole.

8. The high-capacity battery according to claim 7, characterized in that, The liquid inlet, liquid outlet, and flue gas outlet are located on the same side wall of the liquid cooling plate.

9. The high-capacity battery according to claim 8, characterized in that, The flue gas pretreatment channel of the liquid cooling plate is equipped with multiple baffles. The multiple baffles are installed sequentially in the flue gas pretreatment channel along the direction of thermal runaway flue gas flow, and adjacent baffles are staggered, so that the flow of thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas pretreatment channel is wave-like.

10. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, The device includes a flue gas manifold, a flue gas treatment device, and a large-capacity battery as described in any one of claims 1 to 9. The flue gas outlets of the liquid cooling plates of the large-capacity batteries are all connected to the flue gas manifold, and the flue gas manifold transports the thermal runaway flue gas pretreated by the liquid cooling plates of the large-capacity batteries to the flue gas treatment device for treatment.

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