Manifolded cold thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation device and method for lithium batteries

Abstract

The present application relates to a manifold type cold and heat management and thermal runaway suppression device and method for lithium battery, in the present application, a low pressure drop, high uniform temperature cooling / heating circuit is formed through the liquid inlet manifold, liquid outlet manifold and multiple short path heat exchange channels, the end temperature rise caused by the traditional long serpentine flow channel and the pump power loss are reduced; the fire extinguishing suppression medium micro-manifold is physically isolated from the normal cold and heat management circuit, the normal cooling circuit is prevented from being disabled due to fire extinguishing spraying; the partition release port corresponding to the battery cell or battery cell group is arranged, so that the fire extinguishing suppression medium can be released in the direction of the abnormal battery cell; the same composite cold plate is realized to cool under high temperature working condition and preheat under low temperature working condition through the cooling / heating circulating unit, the temperature consistency of the battery in the whole life cycle is improved; the normal cooling, low temperature preheating, abnormal intensive cooling, thermal runaway suppression, post cooling and thermal runaway gas guiding and discharging are realized through the sensing detection unit and the control unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium battery management technology, and in particular to a manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device and method for lithium batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries generate heat during charging, discharging, storage, and transportation. If the internal temperature of the battery module is too high, the temperature distribution is uneven, or abnormal heating occurs in some cells, it can easily lead to battery performance degradation and capacity reduction, and in severe cases, may induce thermal runaway. Existing battery thermal management systems mostly employ air cooling, liquid cooling, phase change materials, or immersion cooling methods, among which liquid cooling plates are widely used due to their compact structure and strong heat exchange capacity.

[0003] Existing liquid cooling plates mostly employ serpentine flow channels, parallel flow channels, or simple manifold structures. Serpentine flow channels suffer from problems such as significant temperature differences between the inlet and outlet regions of the coolant, reduced heat transfer capacity at the end, and high pressure drop. While parallel flow channels can shorten the flow path, uneven flow distribution between different branches can easily occur, leading to large local temperature differences within the battery module. For large-capacity energy storage cells, fast-charging power batteries, heavy-duty vehicle batteries, and photovoltaic-energy storage-charging systems, relying solely on traditional cooling plates is insufficient to simultaneously meet the requirements of low pump consumption, high temperature uniformity, rapid preheating, suppression of abnormal hot spots, and prevention of thermal runaway propagation.

[0004] On the other hand, existing battery fire suppression systems mostly employ methods such as externally discharging extinguishing agents, total flooding within the battery pack, or arranging sprinklers inside the battery pack. Since thermal runaway reactions in lithium-ion batteries primarily occur within the cells, and the battery module's internal structure is compact, external extinguishing agents struggle to reach the critical heat transfer areas between thermally runaway cells and adjacent cells in a timely manner, easily leading to insufficient cooling, reignition, and heat spread. Existing technologies also include solutions utilizing cooling channels to deliver extinguishing agents; however, directly using the normal cooling circuit as the extinguishing agent delivery circuit may result in coolant contamination, cooling circuit failure, uncontrollable leaks, inaccurate spray positioning, and difficulties in subsequent maintenance.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a composite device that can achieve efficient cooling and low-temperature preheating under normal operating conditions, zoned enhanced cooling under abnormal operating conditions, and point-to-point release of fire suppression medium, continuous cooling, and thermal runaway gas discharge under thermal runaway conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a manifold-type cold and heat management and thermal runaway suppression device and method for lithium batteries, which can solve the problems of uneven flow distribution of liquid cooling plates in existing batteries, high pressure drop, disconnect between cold and heat management and fire suppression, inaccurate initial response to thermal runaway, difficulty of fire extinguishing agent reaching key areas of the cell, and lack of drainage and decontamination of thermal runaway gas.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a manifold-type cold and heat management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries, the innovation of which is: including a battery module, a composite manifold-type safety cold plate, a cooling / heating circulation unit, a fire suppression medium supply unit, a thermal runaway gas conduction and decontamination unit, a sensing and detection unit, and a safety control unit. The battery module contains several battery cell units; The composite manifold type safety cold plate is disposed at the bottom, side, end or between adjacent cells of the battery module; The composite manifold safety cold plate includes a normal cooling and heating management circuit and a fire suppression medium micromanifold, wherein the normal cooling and heating management circuit and the fire suppression medium micromanifold are physically isolated by a sealing isolation layer. The cooling / heating circulation unit is connected to the normal thermal management circuit; The fire suppression medium supply unit is connected to the fire suppression medium micromanifold. The thermal runaway gas discharge and decontamination unit is configured to correspond to the cell depressurization path of the battery module. The safety control unit controls the cooling / heating circulation unit, the fire suppression medium supply unit, and the thermal runaway gas venting and decontamination unit based on the detection signal from the sensing unit.

[0008] Furthermore, the normal heating and cooling management circuit includes an inlet manifold, an outlet manifold, and multiple parallel short-path heat exchange channels. One end of each short-path heat exchange channel is connected to the inlet manifold, and the other end is connected to the outlet manifold. The sealing and isolation layer is positioned between the normal hot and cold management circuit and the fire suppression medium micromanifold. The fire suppression medium micromanifold includes a fire suppression medium main manifold, multiple zone branches, and multiple directional release chambers. The zone branches are respectively connected to the fire suppression medium main manifold. The directional release chamber includes multiple release ports, and the release ports are connected to the directional release chamber through release channels.

[0009] Furthermore, the release port is provided with one or more of the following: a heat-triggered closure, a pressure-triggered closure, an electrically controlled valve, a one-way valve, a ruptured membrane, a hot melt membrane, and a thermostatic plug.

[0010] Furthermore, the cooling / heating circulation unit includes a circulation pump, a compressor, a condenser, a heater, a liquid storage tank, an expansion tank, a filter, a degassing device, and a temperature regulating device; the input end of the circulation pump is connected to the liquid storage tank via a pipe; the input end of the liquid storage tank is connected to the filter and the degassing device; the expansion tank is connected to the liquid storage tank via a pipe; the output end of the circulation pump is sequentially connected to the heater, the compressor, and the condenser via pipes; the input end of the temperature regulating device is connected to the output end of the condenser, and the output end of the temperature regulating device is connected in parallel to several normal cooling and heating management circuits.

[0011] Furthermore, the fire suppression medium supply unit includes a fire suppression medium storage container, a driving gas source or driving pump, a main pipeline, a zone control valve, a pressure regulating valve, a check valve, and a pressure relief protection device; the output end of the driving gas source is connected to the fire suppression medium storage container; the fire suppression medium storage container is connected in series with the input end of the driving pump via a pipeline; the driving pump is connected to a pressure regulating valve and a single-phase valve via a pipeline; the main pipeline is connected to the output end of the check valve, and several zone pipelines are connected in parallel on the main pipeline, and each zone pipeline is equipped with a zone control valve, and the zone pipelines are connected to the fire suppression medium micromanifold; the pressure relief protection device is connected in parallel to the output end of the fire suppression medium storage container.

[0012] Furthermore, the sensing and detection unit includes one or more of the following: temperature sensor, flow sensor, differential pressure sensor, gas sensor, smoke sensor, pressure sensor, insulation detection module, and voltage acquisition module.

[0013] Furthermore, the safety control unit is connected to the sensing and detection unit, the battery management system, the cooling / heating circulation unit, the fire suppression medium supply unit, the thermal runaway gas venting and decontamination unit, and the fire alarm interface; the safety control unit has a normal temperature control mode, a low temperature preheating mode, an abnormal enhanced cooling mode, a thermal runaway early warning mode, a thermal runaway suppression mode, a gas venting and decontamination mode, and a post-event continuous cooling mode.

[0014] Furthermore, the thermal runaway gas decontamination unit includes a cell pressure relief and flow guiding cavity, a one-way pressure relief valve, a flame arrestor structure, a filter adsorption structure, a decontamination structure, and an exhaust port; the cell pressure relief and flow guiding cavity is located at the pressure relief port of the cell; the one-way pressure relief valve, the flame arrestor structure, the filter adsorption structure, the decontamination structure, and the exhaust port are connected in series on the cell pressure relief and flow guiding cavity.

[0015] An innovative method for manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression of lithium batteries is described, which includes a manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries. The method comprises: S1: Collect one or more parameters from the following: battery module temperature, temperature rise rate, gas concentration, enclosure pressure, voltage, current, insulation status, cooling medium flow rate, or cooling medium pressure difference. S2: When the battery module temperature is lower than the first threshold, control the cooling / heating cycle unit to enter the low temperature preheating mode; S3: When the battery module is within the normal operating temperature range, control the cooling / heating cycle unit to enter the normal temperature control mode; S4: When the local temperature, temperature difference or temperature rise rate of the battery module exceeds the second threshold, control the cooling / heating cycle unit to enter the abnormal enhanced cooling mode. S5: When the thermal runaway warning criteria are met, shut down or limit the charging and discharging of the corresponding battery module, and put the fire suppression medium micromanifold of the corresponding zone into the standby state. S6: When the thermal runaway trigger criterion is met, control the fire suppression medium supply unit to supply fire suppression medium to the corresponding zone branch, so that the fire suppression medium is released in a directional manner through the corresponding release port.

[0016] S7: After the fire suppression medium is released, control the thermal runaway gas discharge unit to discharge or purify the thermal runaway gas through the guide cavity, flame arrestor structure, filter adsorption structure or decontamination structure. S8: After the thermal runaway event ends, the control cooling / heating cycle unit maintains cooling for a predetermined time and continuously monitors the cell temperature, gas concentration and enclosure pressure. If the temperature or gas concentration rises again, the fire suppression medium release of the corresponding zone or adjacent zone will be restarted.

[0017] The advantages of this invention are: 1) In this invention, a cooling / heating circuit with low pressure drop and high uniform temperature is formed by an inlet manifold, an outlet manifold, and multiple short-path heat exchange channels, reducing the end temperature rise and pump power loss caused by traditional long serpentine flow channels; by physically isolating the fire suppression medium micromanifold from the normal cooling and heating management circuit, the fire suppression medium is prevented from contaminating the coolant, and the normal cooling circuit is prevented from failing due to fire suppression discharge; by setting partitioned release ports for corresponding battery cells or battery cell groups, the fire suppression medium can be released directionally near the abnormal battery cell, improving the cooling, suppression, and anti-spread capabilities in the early stage of thermal runaway.

[0018] 2) In this invention, the cooling / heating cycle unit enables the same composite cold plate to be cooled under high-temperature conditions and preheated under low-temperature conditions, thereby improving the temperature consistency throughout the battery's life cycle; the sensing and control unit enables graded control of normal cooling, low-temperature preheating, abnormal enhanced cooling, thermal runaway suppression, post-event continuous cooling, and thermal runaway gas discharge; the thermal runaway gas discharge unit performs directional discharge, flame arrest, filtration, or decontamination of high-temperature gases, combustible gases, and toxic gases, thereby reducing the risk of heat spread, deflagration, and reignition. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This invention relates to a layered structure of a composite manifold safety cold plate for a manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the fire suppression medium micromanifold circuit and zoned release ports in a manifold-type cold and heat management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the coordinated arrangement of the cell pressure relief valve, pressure relief guide cavity, and release port guide channel in a manifold-type cold and heat management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between a composite manifold safety cold plate and a cooling / heating circulation unit in a manifold thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the fire suppression medium supply unit and the branch circuits of each battery module in a manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal runaway gas discharge and decontamination unit structure of a manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the signal acquisition and control output of the control unit of a manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of a manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression method for lithium batteries according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0030] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 8 The device shown is a manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries, including a battery module 2, a composite manifold-type safety cold plate 3, a cooling / heating circulation unit 4, a fire suppression medium supply unit 5, a thermal runaway gas conduction and decontamination unit 6, a sensing and detection unit 7, and a safety control unit 8.

[0032] The battery module 2 contains several battery cell units 1.

[0033] The composite manifold type safety cold plate 3 is disposed at the bottom, side, end or between adjacent cells of the battery module.

[0034] The composite manifold safety cold plate 3 includes a normal cooling and heating management circuit 31 and a fire suppression medium micromanifold 32. The normal cooling and heating management circuit 31 and the fire suppression medium micromanifold 32 are physically isolated by a sealing isolation layer.

[0035] Cooling / heating circulation unit 4 is connected to the normal cold and heat management circuit 31; The fire suppression medium supply unit 5 is connected to the fire suppression medium micromanifold circuit 32.

[0036] The thermal runaway gas discharge and decontamination unit 6 is set to correspond to the cell depressurization path of the battery module 2; The safety control unit 8 controls the cooling / heating circulation unit 4, the fire suppression medium supply unit 5, and the thermal runaway gas exhaust and decontamination unit 6 based on the detection signal from the sensing unit 7.

[0037] The normal hot and cold management circuit 31 includes an inlet manifold 311, an outlet manifold 312, and multiple parallel short-path heat exchange channels 313. One end of the short-path heat exchange channel 313 is connected to the inlet manifold 311, and the other end is connected to the outlet manifold 312.

[0038] The sealing isolation layer 33 is set between the normal hot and cold management circuit 31 and the fire suppression medium micromanifold 32.

[0039] The fire suppression medium micromanifold 32 includes a fire suppression medium main manifold 321, multiple zone branches 322, and multiple directional release chambers 324. The zone branches 322 are connected to the fire suppression medium main manifold 321. The directional release chambers 324 include multiple release ports 323, and the release ports 323 are connected to the directional release chambers 324 through release channels 320.

[0040] One or more of the following are provided at the release port 323: thermal trigger seal 325, pressure trigger seal 326, electric control valve 327, check valve 328, rupture membrane, hot melt membrane, and thermal plug.

[0041] The cooling / heating circulation unit 4 includes a circulation pump 41, a compressor 42, a condenser 48, a heater 43, a liquid storage tank 44, an expansion tank 45, a filter 46, a degassing device 47, and a temperature regulating device 49. The input end of the circulation pump 41 is connected to the liquid storage tank 44 through a pipe. The input end of the liquid storage tank 44 is connected to the filter 46 and the degassing device 47. The expansion tank 45 is connected to the liquid storage tank 44 through a pipe. The output end of the circulation pump 41 is connected to the heater 43, the compressor 42, and the condenser 48 in sequence through pipes. The input end of the temperature regulating device 49 is connected to the output end of the condenser 48, and the output end of the temperature regulating device 49 is connected in parallel to several normal cooling and heating management circuits 31.

[0042] The fire suppression medium supply unit 5 includes a fire suppression medium storage container 51, a driving gas source 52, a driving pump 53, a main pipeline 54, a zone control valve 55, a pressure regulating valve 56, a check valve 57, and a pressure relief protection device 58. The output end of the driving gas source 52 is connected to the fire suppression medium storage container 51. The fire suppression medium storage container 51 is connected in series with the input end of the driving pump 53 via a pipeline. The driving pump 53 is connected to the pressure regulating valve 56 and the check valve 57 via a pipeline. The main pipeline 54 is connected to the output end of the check valve 57, and several zone pipelines are connected in parallel on the main pipeline 54. Each zone pipeline is equipped with a zone control valve 55, and the zone pipelines are connected to the fire suppression medium micromanifold. The pressure relief protection device 58 is connected in parallel to the output end of the fire suppression medium storage container 51.

[0043] The sensing and detection unit 7 includes one or more of the following: temperature sensor 71, flow sensor 72, differential pressure sensor 73, gas sensor 74, smoke sensor 75, pressure sensor 76, insulation detection module 77, and voltage acquisition module 78.

[0044] The safety control unit 8 is connected to the sensing and detection unit 7, the battery management system 9, the cooling / heating circulation unit 4, the fire suppression medium supply unit 5, the thermal runaway gas exhaust and decontamination unit 6, and the fire linkage interface 10; the safety control unit has a normal temperature control mode, a low temperature preheating mode, an abnormal enhanced cooling mode, a thermal runaway early warning mode, a thermal runaway suppression mode, a gas exhaust and decontamination mode, and a post-event continuous cooling mode.

[0045] The thermal runaway gas venting and decontamination unit 6 includes a cell pressure relief and venting cavity 61, a one-way pressure relief valve 62, a flame arrestor structure 63, a filter adsorption structure 64, a decontamination structure 65, and an exhaust port 66. The cell pressure relief and venting cavity 61 is located at the pressure relief port of the cell. The one-way pressure relief valve 61, the flame arrestor structure 63, the filter adsorption structure 64, the decontamination structure 65, and the exhaust port 66 are connected in series on the cell pressure relief and venting cavity.

[0046] like Figure 9 The image shows a manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression method for lithium batteries, applied to a manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries. The method includes: S1: Collect one or more parameters from the following: battery module temperature, temperature rise rate, gas concentration, enclosure pressure, voltage, current, insulation status, cooling medium flow rate, or cooling medium pressure difference. S2: When the battery module temperature is lower than the first threshold, control the cooling / heating cycle unit to enter the low temperature preheating mode; S3: When the battery module is within the normal operating temperature range, control the cooling / heating cycle unit to enter the normal temperature control mode; S4: When the local temperature, temperature difference or temperature rise rate of the battery module exceeds the second threshold, control the cooling / heating cycle unit to enter the abnormal enhanced cooling mode. S5: When the thermal runaway warning criteria are met, shut down or limit the charging and discharging of the corresponding battery module, and put the fire suppression medium micromanifold of the corresponding zone into the standby state. S6: When the thermal runaway trigger criterion is met, control the fire suppression medium supply unit to supply fire suppression medium to the corresponding zone branch, so that the fire suppression medium is released in a directional manner through the corresponding release port.

[0047] S7: After the fire suppression medium is released, control the thermal runaway gas discharge unit to discharge or purify the thermal runaway gas through the guide cavity, flame arrestor structure, filter adsorption structure or decontamination structure. S8: After the thermal runaway event ends, the control cooling / heating cycle unit maintains cooling for a predetermined time and continuously monitors the cell temperature, gas concentration and enclosure pressure. If the temperature or gas concentration rises again, the fire suppression medium release of the corresponding zone or adjacent zone will be restarted.

[0048] Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries, characterized in that: It includes battery modules, composite manifold safety cold plates, cooling / heating circulation units, fire suppression medium supply units, thermal runaway gas decontamination units, sensing and detection units, and safety control units; The battery module contains several battery cell units; The composite manifold type safety cold plate is disposed at the bottom, side, end or between adjacent cells of the battery module; The composite manifold safety cold plate includes a normal cooling and heating management circuit and a fire suppression medium micromanifold, wherein the normal cooling and heating management circuit and the fire suppression medium micromanifold are physically isolated by a sealing isolation layer. The cooling / heating circulation unit is connected to the normal thermal management circuit; The fire suppression medium supply unit is connected to the fire suppression medium micromanifold. The thermal runaway gas discharge and decontamination unit is configured to correspond to the cell depressurization path of the battery module. The safety control unit controls the cooling / heating circulation unit, the fire suppression medium supply unit, and the thermal runaway gas venting and decontamination unit based on the detection signal from the sensing unit.

2. The manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The normal heating and cooling management circuit includes an inlet manifold, an outlet manifold, and multiple parallel short-path heat exchange channels. One end of each short-path heat exchange channel is connected to the inlet manifold, and the other end is connected to the outlet manifold. The sealing and isolation layer is positioned between the normal hot and cold management circuit and the fire suppression medium micromanifold. The fire suppression medium micromanifold circuit includes a fire suppression medium main manifold, multiple zone branches, and multiple directional release chambers. The zone branches are respectively connected to the fire suppression medium main manifold. The directional release chamber includes multiple release ports, and the release ports are connected to the directional release chamber through release channels.

3. A manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The release port is provided with one or more of the following: a heat-triggered seal, a pressure-triggered seal, an electrically controlled valve, a one-way valve, a ruptured membrane, a hot melt membrane, and a thermosensitive plug.

4. A manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling / heating circulation unit includes a circulation pump, a compressor, a condenser, a heater, a liquid storage tank, an expansion tank, a filter, a degassing device, and a temperature regulating device. The input end of the circulation pump is connected to the liquid storage tank via a pipeline. The input end of the liquid storage tank is connected to the filter and the degassing device. The expansion tank is connected to the liquid storage tank via a pipeline. The output end of the circulation pump is connected to the heater, the compressor, and the condenser in sequence via pipelines. The input end of the temperature regulating device is connected to the output end of the condenser, and the pipeline at the output end of the temperature regulating device is connected in parallel to several normal cooling and heating management loops.

5. A manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fire suppression medium supply unit includes a fire suppression medium storage container, a driving gas source or driving pump, a main pipeline, a zone control valve, a pressure regulating valve, a check valve, and a pressure relief protection device. The output end of the driving gas source is connected to the fire suppression medium storage container. The fire suppression medium storage container is connected in series with the input end of the driving pump via a pipeline. The driving pump is connected to a pressure regulating valve and a single-phase valve via a pipeline. The main pipeline is connected to the output end of the check valve, and several zone pipelines are connected in parallel on the main pipeline. Each zone pipeline is equipped with a zone control valve, and the zone pipelines are connected to a fire suppression medium micromanifold. The pressure relief protection device is connected in parallel to the output end of the fire suppression medium storage container.

6. A manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing and detection unit includes one or more of the following: temperature sensor, flow sensor, differential pressure sensor, gas sensor, smoke sensor, pressure sensor, insulation detection module, and voltage acquisition module.

7. A manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The safety control unit is connected to the sensing and detection unit, the battery management system, the cooling / heating circulation unit, the fire suppression medium supply unit, the thermal runaway gas exhaust and decontamination unit, and the fire linkage interface; the safety control unit has a normal temperature control mode, a low temperature preheating mode, an abnormal enhanced cooling mode, a thermal runaway early warning mode, a thermal runaway suppression mode, a gas exhaust and decontamination mode, and a post-event continuous cooling mode.

8. A manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression device for lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal runaway gas decontamination unit includes a cell pressure relief and decontamination chamber, a one-way pressure relief valve, a flame arrestor structure, a filter adsorption structure, a decontamination structure, and an exhaust port; the cell pressure relief and decontamination chamber is located at the pressure relief port of the cell; the one-way pressure relief valve, the flame arrestor structure, the filter adsorption structure, the decontamination structure, and the exhaust port are connected in series on the cell pressure relief and decontamination chamber.

9. A manifold-type thermal management and thermal runaway suppression method for lithium batteries, characterized in that: Applied to the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprises: S1: Collect one or more parameters from the following: battery module temperature, temperature rise rate, gas concentration, enclosure pressure, voltage, current, insulation status, cooling medium flow rate, or cooling medium pressure difference. S2: When the battery module temperature is lower than the first threshold, control the cooling / heating cycle unit to enter the low temperature preheating mode; S3: When the battery module is within the normal operating temperature range, control the cooling / heating cycle unit to enter the normal temperature control mode; S4: When the local temperature, temperature difference or temperature rise rate of the battery module exceeds the second threshold, control the cooling / heating cycle unit to enter the abnormal enhanced cooling mode. S5: When the thermal runaway warning criteria are met, shut down or limit the charging and discharging of the corresponding battery module, and put the fire suppression medium micromanifold of the corresponding zone into the standby state. S6: When the thermal runaway trigger criterion is met, control the fire suppression medium supply unit to supply fire suppression medium to the corresponding zone branch, so that the fire suppression medium is released in a directional manner through the corresponding release port; S7: After the fire suppression medium is released, control the thermal runaway gas discharge unit to discharge or purify the thermal runaway gas through the guide cavity, flame arrestor structure, filter adsorption structure or decontamination structure. S8: After the thermal runaway event ends, the control cooling / heating cycle unit maintains cooling for a predetermined time and continuously monitors the cell temperature, gas concentration and enclosure pressure. If the temperature or gas concentration rises again, the fire suppression medium release of the corresponding zone or adjacent zone will be restarted.

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