Battery pack

Abstract

A battery pack, comprising: a shell; a battery module arranged in the shell and comprising a plurality of battery cells; a battery terminal comprising at least a positive terminal, a negative terminal and a communication terminal, arranged to electrically connect the battery pack to an external electrical device; at least a discharge electronic switch connected between the positive terminal of the battery module and the positive terminal to control the on-off of a discharge circuit; further comprising: a parameter detection module configured to detect an electrical parameter of the battery terminal; a controller configured to control the switching state of the discharge electronic switch based on the electrical parameter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power tool technology, for example, to a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] Thanks to advancements in related technologies, handheld tools such as chainsaws, lawnmowers, circular saws, and blowers; tabletop tools such as miter saws and metal cutters; and wheeled tools such as snowplows, ride-on lawnmowers, lawnmower robots, and all-terrain vehicles can now be powered by lithium batteries. A key issue when using lithium batteries is safety, and a crucial aspect of safety is power failure protection.

[0003] This section provides background information related to this application, which is not necessarily prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One object of this application is to solve or at least mitigate some or all of the aforementioned problems. To this end, this application provides a battery pack.

[0005] A battery pack includes: a housing; a battery module disposed within the housing and including multiple battery cells; battery terminals, including at least a positive terminal, a negative terminal, and a communication terminal, configured to electrically connect the battery pack to an external electrical device; wherein a discharge electronic switch is connected at least between the positive terminal and the positive terminal of the battery module to control the on / off state of the discharge circuit; and further includes: a parameter detection module configured to detect electrical parameters of the battery terminals; and a controller configured to control the switching state of the discharge electronic switch based on the electrical parameters.

[0006] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes: a temperature acquisition module configured to acquire at least the temperature near the battery terminals; and a controller configured to control the switching state of the discharge electronic switch in conjunction with electrical parameters and temperature.

[0007] In some embodiments, electrical parameters include one or more of the following parameters: voltage, current, resistance, and conductance of the communication terminal; capacitance, dielectric constant, conductance, and resistance of the positive and / or negative terminals.

[0008] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to control the discharge electronic switch to turn off to cut off the discharge circuit when the electrical parameters are not within a preset range.

[0009] In some embodiments, the controller is also configured to, in response to a manual restart operation, control the discharge electronic switch to turn on to restore the discharge circuit; and / or, periodically detect whether the current electrical parameters allow the discharge circuit to be restored and, if so, control the electronic switch to turn on.

[0010] In some embodiments, a charging electronic switch is also connected between the positive terminals of the battery module to control the on / off state of the charging circuit.

[0011] In some embodiments, a charging electronic switch is also connected between the negative terminals of the battery module to control the on / off state of the charging circuit.

[0012] In some embodiments, the battery terminals also include a separate detection terminal, which is not electrically connected to an external electrical device.

[0013] In some embodiments, the location of one or more or one or more pairs of detection terminals includes at least one of the following: disposed in the internal accommodating space of the housing; at least part or at least part of the outer surface is exposed to the external environment relative to the housing; or embedded in the housing.

[0014] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the detection terminals are in contact with the external environment outside the battery pack housing.

[0015] In some embodiments, at least some of the detection terminals are not in direct contact with the external environment outside the battery pack housing.

[0016] In some embodiments, electrical parameters include one or more of the following: voltage, current, resistance, conductance, capacitance, and dielectric constant of the detection terminal.

[0017] In some embodiments, the discharge electronic switch and / or charge electronic switch are power electronic switches with bidirectional turn-off characteristics.

[0018] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes a heat sink configured to dissipate heat from the discharge electronic switch and / or the charge electronic switch, and the heat sink has a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 0.5 W / (m·K).

[0019] A battery pack includes: a housing; a battery module disposed within the housing and including multiple battery cells; a low-voltage interface including at least one low-voltage pin, wherein the low-voltage interface is not part of a discharge circuit; and a controller configured to control the discharge circuit of the battery pack to disconnect in response to electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface satisfying a power-off judgment condition.

[0020] In some embodiments, the low-voltage interface includes a communication terminal for the battery pack to communicate with external devices.

[0021] In some embodiments, the low-voltage interface includes a detection terminal for leakage current detection that is dedicated to the communication terminal of the battery pack.

[0022] In some embodiments, electrical parameters include one or more of the voltage to ground, current, and impedance to ground of the low-voltage pin.

[0023] In some embodiments, the power outage determination condition includes the voltage of the low-voltage interface exceeding a preset voltage threshold.

[0024] In some embodiments, the power outage determination condition includes the current of the low-voltage interface exceeding a preset current threshold.

[0025] In some embodiments, the power outage determination condition includes the impedance of the low-voltage interface being lower than a preset impedance threshold.

[0026] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes: an electronic switch for controlling the on / off state of the discharge circuit; and a controller configured to control the electronic switch to turn off to disconnect the discharge circuit.

[0027] In some embodiments, an electronic switch is disposed between the positive terminal of the battery module and the positive terminal of the battery pack.

[0028] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to control the discharge circuit of the battery pack to resume conduction in response to the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface not meeting the power-off judgment condition.

[0029] A battery protection system includes a battery pack and a battery protection device; wherein the battery protection device includes: a monitoring module configured to monitor the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface of the battery pack; and a controller connected to the monitoring module and configured to: acquire the electrical parameters; and, in response to the electrical parameters meeting the power-off judgment condition, control the discharge circuit of the battery pack to disconnect.

[0030] In some embodiments, a battery protection device is disposed within the battery pack.

[0031] In some embodiments, the battery protection device is independently located outside the battery pack.

[0032] In some embodiments, the battery pack can be installed in the power tool to power the power tool; a battery protection device is provided inside the power tool.

[0033] In some embodiments, the monitoring module includes a current sampling circuit and / or a voltage sampling circuit.

[0034] In some embodiments, the battery protection system further includes: an execution module, including an electronic switch disposed in the discharge circuit of the battery pack; and a controller transmitting a control signal to the execution module to control the switching state of the electronic switch.

[0035] A battery pack includes: a housing; a battery module disposed within the housing, including multiple battery cells; battery terminals, including at least a positive terminal, a negative terminal, and a communication terminal, configured to electrically connect the battery pack to an external electrical device; a control circuit board and an electronic switch disposed on the control circuit board; the electronic switch is connected between the positive terminal and the positive terminal of the battery module, and / or the electronic switch is connected between the negative terminal and the negative terminal of the battery module, and the electronic switch has a bidirectional shutdown characteristic.

[0036] In some embodiments, the electronic switch is configured as a power electronic switch without parasitic diodes.

[0037] In some embodiments, the electronic switch includes a JFET or a GaN HEMT.

[0038] In some embodiments, the electronic switch also has bidirectional conduction characteristics.

[0039] In some embodiments, at least two electronic switches are connected in parallel between the positive terminals of the battery module.

[0040] In some embodiments, at least two electronic switches are connected in parallel between the negative terminal and the negative terminal of the battery module.

[0041] A battery pack includes: a housing; a battery module disposed within the housing, comprising multiple battery cells; battery terminals, including at least a positive terminal, a negative terminal, and a communication terminal, configured to electrically connect the battery pack to an external electrical device; wherein, a positive electrical transmission segment of the battery pack is configured between the positive terminals of the battery module; a negative electrical transmission segment of the battery pack is configured between the negative terminals of the battery module; electronic switches for controlling the charging and discharging of the battery pack are respectively connected to the positive and negative transmission segments; and a heat sink configured for heat dissipation of the electronic switches, wherein the thermal conductivity of the heat sink is greater than or equal to 0.5 W / (m·K).

[0042] In some embodiments, the heat sink and its corresponding electronic switch are respectively disposed on two opposite sides of the control circuit board.

[0043] In some embodiments, the heat sink and its corresponding electronic switch are disposed on the same surface of the control circuit board, and the heat sink is disposed above the electronic switch.

[0044] In some embodiments, the heat sink is made of at least one material selected from thermally conductive plastic, thermally conductive metal, and composite thermally conductive material.

[0045] In some embodiments, the electronic switch has a bidirectional turn-off characteristic.

[0046] A battery pack includes: a housing; a battery module disposed within the housing and including multiple battery cells; battery terminals, including at least a positive terminal, a negative terminal, and a communication terminal, configured to electrically connect the battery pack to an external electrical device; a charging electronic switch connected between the positive terminal and the positive terminal of the battery module to control the on / off state of the charging circuit; and a discharging electronic switch connected between the negative terminal and the negative terminal of the battery module to control the on / off state of the discharging circuit.

[0047] In some embodiments, the charging electronic switch and / or discharging electronic switch are configured as power electronic switches with bidirectional shutdown characteristics.

[0048] In some embodiments, the charging electronic switch and / or discharging electronic switch are configured as power electronic switches without parasitic diodes.

[0049] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes a heat sink configured to dissipate heat from the charging electronic switch and / or the discharging electronic switch, and the heat sink has a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 0.5 W / (m·K).

[0050] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes: a parameter detection module configured to detect electrical parameters of the battery terminals; and a controller configured to control the switching states of the charging electronic switch and / or the discharging electronic switch based on the electrical parameters.

[0051] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes: a temperature sampling module configured to acquire at least the temperature near the battery terminals; and a controller configured to control the switching state of the charging electronic switch and / or the discharging electronic switch in conjunction with electrical parameters and temperature.

[0052] In some embodiments, electrical parameters include one or more of the following parameters: voltage, current, resistance, and conductance of the communication terminals; capacitance, dielectric constant, conductance, and resistance of the positive and / or negative terminals.

[0053] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to turn off the discharge electronic switch and / or the charging electronic switch to cut off the discharge circuit and / or the charging circuit when the electrical parameters are not within a preset value range.

[0054] A battery pack includes: a housing; a battery module disposed within the housing and including multiple battery cells; battery terminals, including at least a positive terminal, a negative terminal, and a communication terminal, configured to electrically connect the battery pack to an external electrical device; a charging electronic switch connected between the negative terminal and the negative terminal of the battery module to control the on / off state of the charging circuit; and a discharging electronic switch connected between the positive terminal and the positive terminal of the battery module to control the on / off state of the discharging circuit.

[0055] The technical benefits of this application include at least the improvement in the safety of battery packs for power tools. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a battery pack and its adapted external electrical equipment, such as power tools and chargers, as one embodiment of this application.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of a battery pack as one embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A 3D view of the battery module in the battery pack shown;

[0059] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of a battery pack as an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of a battery pack as another embodiment in this application;

[0061] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a power electronic switch with a parasitic diode as one embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a parallel electronic switch as one embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 8 This is a side view of the electronic switch and its heat sink as an embodiment of this application on the control circuit board;

[0064] Figure 9 This is a side view of the electronic switch and its heat sink, which are embodiments of this application, on the control circuit board.

[0065] Figure 10 This is a circuit diagram of an electronic switch with bidirectional turn-off characteristics connected between the positive terminals of a module in a battery pack, as an embodiment of this application.

[0066] Figure 11 This is a circuit diagram of an electronic switch with bidirectional turn-off characteristics connected between the negative terminals of a module in a battery pack, as an embodiment of this application.

[0067] Figure 12 This is a circuit diagram of a battery pack in one embodiment of the present application, in which a charging electronic switch is connected between the positive terminals of the module and a discharging electronic switch is connected between the negative terminals of the module.

[0068] Figure 13This is a circuit diagram of a battery pack in one embodiment of the present application, in which a discharge electronic switch is connected between the positive terminals of the module and a charging electronic switch is connected between the negative terminals of the module.

[0069] Figure 14 This is a circuit diagram of a battery protection system as an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 15 This is a circuit diagram of an electronic switch with pre-charge protection, which is one embodiment of this application.

[0071] Figure captions: 100, Battery pack (for power tools); 201, Power tool; 201a, Ride-on lawnmower; 201b, Electric drill; 201c, Hair dryer; 201d, Lawn trimmer; 201e, All-terrain vehicle; 202, Charger; 300, Battery protection system; 310, Battery protection device; 110, Housing; 120, Battery module; 120a, Positive terminal of battery module / Module positive terminal; 120b, Negative terminal of battery module / Module negative terminal; 121, Battery cell; 122, Battery cell bracket; 123, Battery cell connector; 130, Battery terminal; 13 1. Positive terminal; 132. Negative terminal; 133. Communication terminal; 134. Detection terminal; 130a. Low voltage interface; 140. Control circuit board; 141. Controller; 142. Parameter detection module; 143. Temperature sampling module; 150. Electronic switch; 150a. Electronic switch electrically connected to the positive terminal; 150b. Electronic switch electrically connected to the negative terminal; 151. Discharge electronic switch; 152. Charging electronic switch; 153. Fuse; 160. Heat sink; 170. Alarm module; 101. Discharge circuit; 102. Charging circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0072] Before explaining any implementation of this application in detail, it should be understood that this application is not limited to its application to the structural details and component arrangements set forth in the following description or shown in the above drawings.

[0073] In this application, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0074] In this application, the term "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this application generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "and / or" relationship.

[0075] In this application, the terms "connection," "combination," "coupling," and "installation" can refer to direct connection, combination, coupling, or installation, or indirect connection, combination, coupling, or installation. For example, a direct connection refers to two parts or components being connected together without the need for an intermediary, while an indirect connection refers to two parts or components each being connected to at least one intermediary, with the connection achieved through the intermediary. Furthermore, "connection" and "coupling" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections or couplings, but can also include electrical connections or couplings.

[0076] In this application, those skilled in the art will understand that relative terms (e.g., “about,” “approximately,” “basically,” etc.) used in conjunction with quantities or conditions are to include the values ​​and have the meaning indicated by the context. For example, such relative terms include at least the degree of error associated with the measurement of a particular value, tolerances associated with the particular value due to manufacturing, assembly, use, etc. Such terms should also be considered as disclosing a range defined by the absolute values ​​of the two endpoints. Relative terms may refer to a certain percentage (e.g., 1%, 5%, 10% or more) of the indicated value. Numerical values ​​that do not use relative terms should also be disclosed as specific values ​​with tolerances. Furthermore, “basically” when expressing relative angular relationships (e.g., substantially parallel, substantially perpendicular) may refer to a certain degree (e.g., 1 degree, 5 degrees, 10 degrees or more) added to or subtracted from the indicated angle.

[0077] In this application, those skilled in the art will understand that the function performed by a component can be performed by one component, multiple components, one part, or multiple parts. Similarly, the function performed by a part can also be performed by one part, one component, or a combination of multiple parts.

[0078] In this application, the directional terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" are used to describe the orientation and positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, in the context, it should be understood that when an element is mentioned as being connected "upper" or "lower" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element "upper" or "lower," or indirectly connected through an intermediate element. It should also be understood that directional terms such as upper side, lower side, left side, right side, front side, and rear side not only represent positive orientation but can also be understood as lateral orientation. For example, "below" can include directly below, lower left, lower right, lower front, and lower rear.

[0079] In this application, the terms "controller," "processor," "central processing unit," "CPU," and "MCU" are used interchangeably. When using the unit "controller," "processor," "central processing unit," "CPU," or "MCU" to perform a specific function, unless otherwise stated, these functions may be performed by a single or multiple of the aforementioned units.

[0080] In this application, the terms "device," "module," or "unit" are used to describe devices that can be implemented in hardware or software to perform a specific function.

[0081] In this application, the terms “calculation,” “judgment,” “control,” “determine,” “identify,” etc., refer to the operation and process of a computer system or similar electronic computing device (e.g., controller, processor, etc.).

[0082] Benefiting from technological advancements, the promotion of environmental protection concepts, and policy support, the power tool industry has continued to expand. After experiencing manual, fuel-powered, and AC-powered stages, the entire sector is now showing a trend towards lithium-ion battery technology and intelligent operation. Various power tools, including handheld tools, benchtop tools, and outdoor power equipment such as snowplows and lawnmowers, can now be powered by battery packs (primarily lithium-ion battery packs). A key aspect of battery safety is power outage protection.

[0083] First, the power tools 201 compatible with the battery pack 100 in this application will be described. These include power tools 201 of different categories, as well as power tools 201 of different models within the same category. For example, they include, but are not limited to, those... Figure 1The illustrated components include a ride-on lawnmower 201a, a drill 201b, a chainsaw 201c, a lawn mower 201d, a blower 201e, and an all-terrain vehicle 201f. In some embodiments, the power tools 201 adapted to the battery pack 100 may include handheld tools, such as a pruning shear, a circular saw, etc. In some embodiments, the power tools 201 adapted to the battery pack 100 may include benchtop tools, such as a miter saw, a metal cutter, etc. In some embodiments, the power tools 201 adapted to the battery pack 100 may include ride-on tools and / or push-type tools, such as a ride-on lawnmower, a stand-up lawnmower, a push snowplow, etc. In some embodiments, the power tools 201 adapted to the battery pack 100 may include outdoor wheeled tools, such as multi-purpose garden tools and outdoor electric vehicles such as farm vehicles, golf carts, etc. In some embodiments, the power tools 201 adapted to the battery pack 100 may include robotic tools, such as a lawnmower robot, a snowplow robot, etc. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the aforementioned power tool 201 can be a garden tool, including a pruning machine, hair dryer, lawn mower, etc. In some embodiments, the aforementioned power tool 201 can be a decorating tool, including a screwdriver, nail gun, glue gun, sander, etc. In some embodiments, the aforementioned power tool 201 can be a cutting tool, including a jigsaw, chainsaw, reciprocating saw, circular saw, etc. In some embodiments, the aforementioned power tool 201 can be a fastening tool, including a screwdriver, hammer drill, electric drill, etc. In some embodiments, the aforementioned power tool 201 can be a grinding tool, including an angle grinder, sander, etc. In some embodiments, the aforementioned power tool 201 can also be other tools, such as a light bulb, fan, etc. It is understood that, without contradicting the specific solution, the power tool 201 adapted to the battery pack 100 in this application can include more types not shown above.

[0084] Following on from the previous text, the power tool 201 and its battery pack 100 may be used in various working conditions, and the possibility of humid environments such as rain, snow, and water accumulation cannot be ruled out. Even if some battery packs 100 have certain sealing protection measures, the interfaces / terminals used to couple the power tool 201, charger 202, or other external electrical equipment are still inevitably exposed. In the aforementioned humid environment, water accumulation or moisture will shorten the creepage distance of the interfaces / terminals of the power tool battery pack 100 and components such as the battery cells 121 inside the battery pack 100, increasing the risk of leakage. This can further lead to corrosion or carbonization of live connectors such as interfaces / terminals and the growth of lithium dendrites inside the battery cells 121, which will not only reduce the lifespan of the battery pack 100 but may also cause dangers such as short circuits and fires. In addition to moisture, dust and powder / metal dust that are commonly present in the working environment of the power tool battery pack 100 can also easily cause the aforementioned safety problems once they come into contact with or approach the interfaces / terminals. Furthermore, the possibility of electrolyte leakage inside the battery pack must also be considered. Therefore, in summary, the causes of battery pack leakage are multiple, and the consequences are serious. In view of this, in one alternative embodiment of this application, a power tool battery pack 100 is provided to improve the above-mentioned problems such as leakage due to water immersion. It can judge the relevant situation and then implement corresponding protection measures to optimize the safety and lifespan of the battery pack 100.

[0085] The aforementioned power tool battery pack 100 may include at least a housing 110, a battery module 120, and battery terminals 130. The housing 110 forms the main external structure of the battery pack 100 and has an internal accommodating space where the battery module 120 is housed. The battery terminals 130 are disposed on the housing 110, penetrating the housing 110 for electrical connection with the battery module 120, and are at least partially exposed to the outside relative to the housing 110 for coupling with external electrical equipment. Other components, such as the parameter detection module 142 and the controller 141 described later, may also be accommodated, supported, and limited by the housing 110.

[0086] The battery pack 100 uses battery modules 120 within the housing 110 to store electrical energy. The battery module 120 may include multiple battery cells 121, which can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed series-parallel relationship. For example, P battery cells 121 are connected in parallel to form a group, and S groups of parallel battery cells 121 are connected in series. Let P be the number of parallel battery cells in the battery pack 100, and S be the number of series battery cells, where P and S are positive integers. The parallel connection of battery modules 120 in the battery pack 100 affects the number of parallel battery cells P, and the series connection affects the number of series battery cells S. Optionally, the number of series battery cells S in the power tool battery pack 100 of this application can be any one of 5, 6, 10, 14, or 16. In some embodiments, the rated voltage of the battery pack 100 is greater than or equal to 20V. Alternatively, the rated voltage of the power tool battery pack 100 in this application can be 20V, 24V, 40V, 56V, 64V, etc. It should be noted that regardless of how the multiple cells 121 are connected in series, parallel, or a series-parallel configuration, they will ultimately have a common positive terminal and a common negative terminal as the unified connection point for the battery module 121, which consists of multiple electrically connected cells 121, facing the outside world. The positive terminal 120a of the battery module 120 will be electrically connected to the positive terminal 131 described later, and the negative terminal 120b of the battery module 120 will be electrically connected to the negative terminal 132 described later. In some embodiments, the aforementioned cell 121 can be a cylindrical cell 121; in other embodiments, the aforementioned cell 121 can be a pouch cell 121; and in still other embodiments, the aforementioned cell 121 can be a prismatic cell 121. In some embodiments, the aforementioned cell 121 can be a multi-tab or all-tab cell 121. In some embodiments, the aforementioned cell 121 can be a lithium-ion battery, exemplarily including a ternary lithium battery cell 121, a lithium iron phosphate battery cell 121, etc.; or, the aforementioned cell 121 can also be other cell 121, exemplarily including nickel-metal hydride batteries, lead-acid batteries, etc. In some embodiments, the battery module 120 further includes a cell support 122 for supporting and limiting the plurality of cells 121. Exemplarily, the cell support 122 can be made of modified plastics, etc., and preferably, the material of the cell support 122 can have a high thermal conductivity. In some embodiments, the battery module 120 further includes a cell connecting piece 123 for realizing the series, parallel, or series-parallel connection of the plurality of cells 121. Exemplarily, the cell connecting piece 123 can be made of copper, aluminum, nickel, and their alloys or composite materials. In some embodiments, positive and negative electrode lines (electrodes) are also provided between the battery module 120 and the battery terminal 130, including the positive electrode line (electrode) between the module positive electrode 120a and the positive terminal 131 and the negative electrode line (electrode) between the module negative electrode 120b and the negative terminal 132.

[0087] The battery module 120 uses battery terminals 130 on the housing 110 to couple with external electrical devices for power supply between them. The battery terminals 130 may include at least a positive terminal 131 and a negative terminal 132 for transmitting electrical energy, and a communication terminal 133 for transmitting data. The battery terminals 130 are coupled with the tool terminals of the power tool 201, the charging terminals of the charger 202, or the device terminals of other external electrical devices to perform charging and discharging. This coupling can be achieved through mechanical contact such as interface plugging. For example, the aforementioned battery terminals 130 are located in terminal blocks on the housing 110 of the battery pack 100. In some embodiments, the housing 110 of external electrical devices such as the power tool 201 and charger 202 has a battery mounting portion for docking with the battery pack 100. This portion can be open or semi-open, or it can be a battery compartment.

[0088] refer to Figure 4 To address and improve the safety issue of water leakage in the battery pack 100, the power tool battery pack 100 includes a discharge electronic switch 151 for controlling the on / off state of the discharge circuit 101, electrically connected at least between the positive terminal 120a and the positive terminal 131 of the battery module 120. It also includes a parameter detection module 142 and a controller 141. The parameter detection module 142 detects the electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130, and the controller 141 controls the switching state of the discharge electronic switch 151 based on these electrical parameters. Specifically, as shown... Figure 4 As shown, the discharge electronic switch 151 is connected between the positive terminal 120a and the positive terminal 131 of the battery module 120. When the discharge electronic switch 151 is in the ON state (as opposed to an open circuit, meaning the switch is closed or conducting), the discharge current can flow from the positive terminal 120a of the battery module 120 to the positive terminal 131, and the battery pack 100 can discharge to external electrical equipment. When the discharge electronic switch 151 is in the OFF state, the discharge current cannot flow from the positive terminal 120a of the battery module 120 to the positive terminal 131, and the discharge circuit 101 between the battery pack 100 and the external electrical equipment is cut off. The discharge electronic switch 151 is also connected to the controller 141, which is also connected to the parameter detection module 142. The controller 141 receives and determines whether the battery pack 100 is submerged in water based on the electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130 currently measured by the parameter detection module 142. Based on the determination result, the controller transmits a corresponding signal to the discharge electronic switch 151 to control it to be in the corresponding on or off state. For example, if it is determined that there is no water immersion or other problems, a high-level signal can be transmitted to the discharge electronic switch 151 to control it to be in the on state, thereby making the discharge circuit 101 between the battery pack 100 and the external electrical equipment conductive. If it is determined that there is water immersion or other problems, a low-level signal can be transmitted to the discharge electronic switch 151 to control it to be in the off state, thereby making the discharge circuit 101 between the battery pack 100 and the external electrical equipment disconnected.

[0089] This embodiment grants the battery pack 100 the autonomy to decide whether to discharge externally. Compared to some solutions where external electrical equipment such as the power tool 201 determines whether the battery pack 100 needs to discharge, this allows for the smooth disconnection of the discharge (charge / discharge) circuits 101 and 102 in case of external equipment malfunction. Furthermore, the discharge electronic switch 151, located between the module's positive terminal 120a and the positive terminal 131, controls the on / off state. Compared to some solutions that interrupt the power transmission path between the module's negative terminal 120b and the negative terminal 132, this avoids the connection between the positive terminal 131 and the communication terminal. The issue of creepage and leakage between terminals 133 (because communication terminal 133 is still a low-voltage terminal to which current can flow compared to positive terminal 131); crucially, the power tool battery pack 100 in this embodiment will intelligently judge and control whether there are potential hazards such as water immersion in the current battery pack 100 based on the real-time measured electrical parameters such as voltage, conductance, and capacitance of battery terminals 130, which can effectively avoid safety risks such as short circuits and fires, improve the lifespan of battery pack 100, and ensure that battery pack 100 and power tool 201 can be used safely in various working conditions / environments.

[0090] In some embodiments, the controller 141 determines whether the battery pack 100 is submerged in water by whether the electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130 are abnormal. For example, the controller 141 can determine whether the measured electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130 exceed the corresponding threshold, or whether they are within the corresponding value range (of course, exceeding the threshold means not being within the preset value range). If the measured value exceeds the threshold or is not within the value range, it can be determined that the battery pack 100 has a safety hazard such as water immersion, and output a signal to turn off the discharge electronic switch 151 and then cut off the discharge circuit 101. Conversely, it can output a signal to turn on the discharge electronic switch 151 and then conduct or allow the discharge circuit 101 to conduct. In some embodiments, the controller 141 makes a judgment based on a single parameter and its threshold or numerical range; in other embodiments, the controller 141 makes a judgment based on multiple parameters and their respective thresholds or numerical ranges, and can control the electronic switch to turn off when any parameter is abnormal or the number of abnormal parameters exceeds the allowed number; in still other embodiments, the controller 141 makes a more accurate composite judgment based on the calculated values ​​of multiple parameters and the thresholds or numerical ranges corresponding to the calculated values.

[0091] In some embodiments, the electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130 include one or more of the following parameters: voltage, current, resistance / conductance of the communication terminal 133; capacitance / dielectric constant, conductance / resistance of the positive terminal 131 and / or the negative terminal 132. For example, the voltage value on the communication terminal 133 normally has specifications (logic level standards), such as GND (0V), 3.3V, 5V, etc. If the terminal comes into contact with water, its voltage value may exhibit a value that does not correspond to the aforementioned specifications, for example, a low level exceeding 0.3*VDD or a high level below 0.7*VDD, etc. For example, if the terminal comes into contact with water, its resistance value may also drop below a lower threshold. For example, if the positive terminal 131 or the negative terminal 132 comes into contact with water, the dielectric constant or capacitance value of the positive and negative terminals 131 and 132 may rise above the threshold. Of course, in addition to the aforementioned electrical parameters, other electrical parameters of the terminals that may change due to contact with fluid can also be applied in this embodiment.

[0092] In some embodiments, in addition to the positive terminal 131, negative terminal 132, and communication terminal 133 described above, the battery terminal 130 of the battery pack 100 may also include other terminals. For example, a detection terminal (detection electrode) 134 may be added. Exemplarily, one detection terminal 134 or a pair of detection terminals 134 may be provided (some electrical parameters can be obtained from a pair of terminals), or multiple detection terminals 134 or multiple pairs of detection terminals 134 may be provided. In some embodiments, the aforementioned detection terminal 134 may be disposed in the receiving space inside the housing 110 of the battery pack 100, for example, attached to the inner wall of the housing 110 at a position such as adjacent to the aforementioned positive terminal 131, negative terminal 132, or communication terminal 133. In other embodiments, the aforementioned detection terminal 134 may be embedded in the housing 110 of the battery pack 100, that is, integral with the housing 110, and does not require direct physical contact with the external environment. In some other embodiments, at least a portion or a portion of the outer surface of the aforementioned detection terminal 134 is exposed to the external environment relative to the battery pack 100 housing 110 to sense the external environment. It is understood that when the battery pack 100 is provided with multiple or more pairs of detection terminals 134, the positional relationship between the detection terminals 134 and the housing 110 can include at least one of the three positional relationships described above. This means that some detection terminals 134 can be disposed inside the pack, and / or some detection terminals 134 can be embedded within the housing, and / or some detection terminals 134 can be inserted through the housing. Specifically, when the battery pack 100 is connected to external electrical equipment (such as a power tool 201 or a charger 202), the aforementioned detection terminal 134 is not electrically coupled to other terminals (tool terminals or charging terminals, etc.), but is electrically connected to the controller 141. The controller 141 can switch the switching state of the electronic switch 150 described above based on the electrical parameters of the detection terminal 134, thereby controlling the on / off state of the discharge circuit 101 and / or the charging circuit 102. This ensures the smooth implementation of the relevant scheme without interfering with the original functions of the positive and negative terminals 131 and 132 and the communication terminal 133, and also avoids the influence of power / data interaction on the detection and judgment in the above scheme. In some embodiments, the aforementioned electrical parameters may include at least one of the following: current, voltage, resistance / conductivity, capacitance / dielectric constant of the detection terminal 134.

[0093] In some embodiments, when the controller 141 makes judgments based on the electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130 and their thresholds or numerical ranges, the judgment logic or the type of parameters involved remains unchanged under different temperatures, different operating modes, or different operating stages, but the corresponding thresholds or numerical ranges used may be different to optimize the accuracy of the solution in judging related safety issues. In some embodiments, the battery pack 100 also includes a temperature sampling module 143, which can at least collect the temperature near the battery terminal 130. It is not excluded that the temperature sampling module 143 collects the temperature at multiple points to comprehensively calculate the temperature at the battery terminal 130. The controller 141 will combine the temperature currently measured by the temperature sampling module 143 and the electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130 currently measured by the parameter detection module 142 to determine whether the battery pack 100 is immersed in water, etc. Temperature compensation can be performed using the measured temperature during the calculation, comparison, and judgment process. For example, the aforementioned temperature sampling module 143 may include a thermistor. In other embodiments, the communication terminal 133 may have different expected values ​​in different operating modes. When the signal on the communication terminal 133 is kept at a high level, the controller 141 can compare the measured terminal voltage value with the threshold or numerical range corresponding to the high level. When the signal on the communication terminal 133 is kept at a low level, the measured terminal voltage value can be compared with the threshold or numerical range corresponding to the low level. When the communication terminal 133 transmits square wave data signals, it can simultaneously determine the change state and specific value of the measured terminal voltage value.

[0094] In some embodiments, the controller 141 executes the above detection and control scheme when the battery pack 100 is not connected to an external electrical device or when there is no power transmission or data interaction with the external electrical device. Alternatively, the controller 141 may execute the above detection and control scheme when the battery pack 100 is connected to an external electrical device and is transmitting power and interacting with it. In both cases, the controller 141 can determine how to control the above discharge electronic switch 151 to cut off the discharge circuit 101 when water immersion or other situations occur based on the electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130. Furthermore, the threshold or numerical range corresponding to the electrical parameters used by the controller 141 in the two cases may be different to ensure the accuracy of the relevant control and avoid misjudgment.

[0095] In some embodiments, when the controller 141 has determined that the battery pack 100 is leaking water and controls the discharge electronic switch 151 to turn off and disconnect the discharge circuit 101, the controller 141 will respond to the user's manual restart operation by controlling the discharge electronic switch 151 to turn on to restore the discharge circuit 101. Alternatively, the controller 141 may perform a secondary detection and judgment based on the current electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130 before or after manually restoring the discharge circuit 101. If there is still a risk of water leakage, the circuit may remain disconnected or be disconnected again. In other embodiments, the controller 141 may also periodically detect and determine whether the current electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130 allow the aforementioned discharge circuit 101 to be restored. This includes both attempting to restore the discharge circuit 101 first and detecting and judging, and directly detecting and judging without restoring the circuit. Then, if the current electrical parameters are safe, the controller may control the discharge electronic switch 151 to turn on, thereby achieving automatic restoration of the battery pack 100's discharge function.

[0096] In some embodiments, the discharge electronic switch 151 can be various types of power electronic switches 150, including silicon transistors, silicon carbide transistors, gallium nitride transistors, gallium arsenide transistors, etc. In some embodiments, the aforementioned power electronic switch 150 can be MOSFETs, JFETs, IGBTs, BiFETs, etc. In some embodiments, the discharge electronic switch 151 may also include relays, thyristors, etc.

[0097] In some embodiments, the discharge electronic switch 151 may have bidirectional shutdown characteristics. When the controller 141 outputs a shutdown signal, the discharge electronic switch 151 can be used to cut off the current path in two directions. For a detailed explanation of the concept and the solution, please continue reading below.

[0098] In some embodiments, the discharge electronic switch 151 is a power electronic switch 150 such as a transistor. When it is determined that the battery pack 100 is free from water immersion or other hazards, the controller 141 will control the discharge electronic switch 151 to operate in a linear conduction state to enable the battery pack 100 to power external electrical equipment such as the power tool 201. In other words, in the initial stage of discharging the battery pack 100 to external electrical equipment when there are no water immersion or other hazards, the controller 141 will control the power electronic switch 150, such as the transistor, to operate in the linear region, where it is on but the resistance (R) is low. ds Compared to the resistance (R) in the fully conductive state onThe large current limit restricts the power-on current, thus avoiding or mitigating the problem of arcing upon power-on. In some embodiments, the battery pack 100 serves as the initialization phase for powering on external electrical equipment such as the power tool 201. Specifically, it may include a controller 141 controlling the power electronic switch 150 to transition from a linearly conducting state to a fully conducting state. In some embodiments, the controller 141 outputs a PWM wave with a gradually increasing duty cycle to the power electronic switch 150 (gradually transitioning the power electronic switch 150 from a linearly conducting state to a fully conducting state) to prevent excessive dv / dt or current in the circuit, thus avoiding damage to the switch or other electronic components.

[0099] In some embodiments, a charging electronic switch 152 for controlling the on / off state of the charging circuit 102 is electrically connected between the positive terminal 120a and the positive terminal 131 of the battery module 120 in the power tool battery pack 100. This switch is also controlled by the output signal of the controller 141 to change its switching state, thereby turning the charging circuit 102 on or off. In some embodiments, the switching state of the discharge electronic switch 151 does not affect the charging circuit 102, and the switching state of the charging electronic switch 152 does not affect the discharge circuit 101. In some embodiments, the charging electronic switch 152 is always on (maintaining an on / closed / conducting state) during discharge, and the discharge electronic switch 152 is always on (maintaining an on / closed / conducting state) during charging. In other embodiments, a charging electronic switch 152 for controlling the on / off state of the charging circuit 102 is electrically connected between the negative terminal 120b and the negative terminal 132 of the battery module 120 in the power tool battery pack 100.

[0100] In some embodiments, if the controller 141 determines that the battery pack 100 is leaking electricity due to water immersion, it can control the discharge electronic switch 151 and / or the charging electronic switch 152 to turn off, thereby cutting off the discharge circuit 101 or the charging circuit 102.

[0101] In some embodiments, reference Figure 5 In the aforementioned power tool battery pack 100, a fuse 153 is electrically connected between the positive terminal 120a of the battery module 120 and the positive terminal 131. This provides a second layer of protection in case of a malfunction or failure of the electronic switch 150. For example, the aforementioned fuse 153 may include a flat fuse or a tab fuse. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the battery pack 100 also has a purely mechanical water immersion and leakage protection system, which, together with the automated power-off scheme described in this application, forms multiple layers of safety protection for the battery pack 100. For example, sealant may be applied to locations on the battery pack 100 housing 110 where seepage gaps may occur, or insulating rubber may be applied around the battery terminals 130.

[0102] Correspondingly, refer to Figure 5In one embodiment, the (power tool) battery pack 100 includes a housing 110 and a battery module 120 housed within the housing 110, consisting of multiple battery cells 121. It also includes a low-voltage interface 130a and a controller 141. The low-voltage interface 130a is not part of the discharge circuit within the battery pack 100. It does not actually participate in the charging and discharging operation of the battery pack 100, nor does it receive high-voltage current such as charging and discharging current. The low-voltage interface 130a includes at least one low-voltage pin through which low-voltage current flows. "Low-voltage" is a concept relative to "high-voltage," and can, for example, include the concept of a small current and low voltage flowing through an interface / terminal / pin. For instance, low-voltage can refer to AC power less than 36V and / or DC power less than 12V. In this embodiment, the controller 141 of the battery pack 100 will control the discharge circuit 101 of the battery pack 100 to disconnect in response to the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface 130a meeting the power-off judgment condition. The electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface 130a include, but are not limited to, one or more of its current, voltage, resistance (impedance) / conductance, and capacitance / dielectric constant. In some embodiments, the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface 130a may include one or more of its low-voltage pin's voltage to ground, current, and impedance to ground. For example, the low-voltage interface 130a may include multiple pins, including at least one low-voltage pin. The low-voltage pin may form a loop with the low-voltage / signal ground, has a voltage to ground and an impedance to ground, and current flows through the low-voltage pin. The control 141, by acquiring the aforementioned electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface 130a or its low-voltage pin, can determine whether the battery pack 100 is currently experiencing water immersion or leakage, and, in response to confirmation of water immersion or leakage, disconnect the battery pack 100 discharge circuit 101.

[0103] In some embodiments, the battery pack 100 is further provided with an electronic switch 150 whose own switching state can control the on / off state of the discharge circuit 101. In response to the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface 130a meeting the power-off judgment condition, the controller 141 can output a control signal to the aforementioned electronic switch 150 to turn it off, thereby cutting off the discharge circuit 101 of the battery pack 100. In some embodiments, the aforementioned discharge electronic switch 151 controlling the on / off state of the discharge circuit 101 can be disposed between the positive terminal 120a and the positive terminal 131 of the battery module 120 to prevent current from flowing between the positive terminal 131 and the communication terminal 133.

[0104] In some embodiments, the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface 130a of the battery pack 100 have standard values ​​or standard value ranges under normal operating conditions. The controller 141 performs power-off protection mainly based on whether the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface 130a fall within a preset value range corresponding to its standard value or standard value range. Optionally, the power-off judgment conditions for performing power-off after being met include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following conditions: the voltage of the low-voltage interface 130a exceeds a preset voltage threshold; the current of the low-voltage interface 130a exceeds a preset current threshold; the impedance of the low-voltage interface 130a is lower than a preset impedance threshold; the capacitance of the low-voltage interface 130a exceeds a preset capacitance threshold. Wherein, the voltage or current of the low-voltage interface 130a exceeding the corresponding threshold may include its voltage or current being greater than (or equal to) the corresponding threshold, or it may include its voltage or current being less than (or equal to) the corresponding threshold. In other embodiments, the power-off judgment conditions used by the controller 141 may involve more complex calculations and judgments among a wider range of electrical parameters.

[0105] It should be noted that the low-voltage interface 130a is not part of the charging / discharging circuit of the battery pack 100, and the charging / discharging current of the battery pack 100 does not pass through the low-voltage interface 130a. However, immersion in water or leakage of the battery pack 100 can still cause specific changes in the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface 130a. Therefore, in this embodiment, the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface 130a are used to perform relevant judgments. On the one hand, this ensures accurate identification of risk situations, and on the other hand, it will not interfere with or interfere with the main charging / discharging circuit of the battery pack 100.

[0106] In some embodiments, the aforementioned low-voltage interface 130a may include a communication terminal 133 of the battery pack 100. The communication terminal 133 is a battery terminal 130 used by the battery pack 100 to communicate with external devices such as a power tool 201 and a charger 202. The low-voltage signal flowing through the communication terminal 133 or its low-voltage pins constitutes the data exchanged between the battery pack 100 and the external device. In some embodiments, the electrical parameters of the communication terminal 133 may include at least one of its voltage, current, resistance (impedance) / conductance, etc.

[0107] In some embodiments, the controller 141 can determine whether the voltage on the communication terminal 133 exceeds a preset voltage threshold to determine whether the battery pack 100 is currently at risk of water immersion and leakage. For example, the voltage on the communication terminal 133 may have preset upper and lower thresholds depending on the interface type (RS-282, RS-485, etc.). For instance, the high-level signal flowing through the communication terminal 133 can be selected as any one of 3.3V, 5V, 12V, etc., and the preset voltage threshold can be the aforementioned high level, or it can be a related value (e.g., a high level plus an allowable fluctuation value / a product of allowable fluctuation ratios, etc.). In some embodiments, the controller 141 can also determine whether the signal waveform on the communication terminal 133 does not conform to a preset waveform shape to determine whether the battery pack 100 is currently at risk of water immersion and leakage. For example, the signal waveform on the communication terminal 133 is theoretically a square wave. Based on one or more of the electrical parameters such as the rising edge slope / voltage differential (dV / dt), flatness / top voltage drift (ΔV), period jitter / difference between adjacent periods (ΔT), and duty cycle error of the sampled signal waveform, the controller 141 can determine whether the signal waveform matches the preset waveform shape.

[0108] In some embodiments, the aforementioned low-voltage interface 130a may include a detection terminal 134 of the battery pack 100. The detection terminal 134 may be a separate battery terminal 130 specifically provided in the battery pack 100 for detecting water immersion leakage, and is different from the positive terminal 131, negative terminal 132, and communication terminal 133 of the battery pack 100. However, like the communication terminal 133, it does not belong to the main charging / discharging circuit of the battery pack 100. The controller 141 may determine whether there is a risk of water immersion leakage in the battery pack 100 based on one or more of the electrical parameters of the detection terminal 134, such as voltage, current, resistance (impedance) / conductivity, capacitance / dielectric constant, etc. Some of these electrical parameters may be obtained by monitoring a pair of detection terminals 134; for example, capacitance / dielectric constant can be detected by a pair of detection terminals 134 located close to each other.

[0109] In some embodiments, the controller 141 may control the disconnection of the discharge circuit 101 of the battery pack 100 in response to the voltage at the detection terminal 134 exceeding a corresponding preset voltage threshold, and / or the current at the detection terminal 134 exceeding a corresponding preset current threshold. In some embodiments, the controller 141 may control the disconnection of the discharge circuit 101 of the battery pack 100 in response to the resistance / impedance at the detection terminal 134 being less than a corresponding preset impedance threshold. In some embodiments, the controller 141 may control the disconnection of the discharge circuit 101 of the battery pack 100 in response to the capacitance / dielectric constant at the detection terminal 134 exceeding a corresponding preset capacitance threshold. In some embodiments, the controller 141 may also control the disconnection of the discharge circuit 101 of the battery pack 100 in response to the signal waveform at the detection terminal 134 not conforming to a preset waveform shape.

[0110] In this application, the monitoring of electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface 130a or battery terminal 130 by the battery pack 100 controller 141, and the determination of whether the electrical parameters meet the power-off judgment conditions, can be performed periodically. Optionally, the aforementioned periodic monitoring and judgment can be real-time, that is, parameter monitoring and condition judgment are performed in a very short cycle, so that power can be cut off immediately after water immersion or leakage occurs. In some embodiments, the controller 141 performs parameter monitoring and condition judgment before each start-up or discharge of the battery pack 100. In addition, in some embodiments, after performing power-off protection, the battery pack 100 controller 141 continues to periodically attempt to reconnect the circuit to monitor and judge. If the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface 130a or battery terminal 130 no longer meet the power-off judgment conditions, the controller 141 can control the switching state of the electronic switch 150 to restore the conduction of the discharge circuit 101. The operation cycle of restoring the discharge circuit after power-off is longer than the monitoring and judgment cycle of water immersion and leakage during normal operation. In other embodiments, the action of the controller 141 to restore the discharge circuit 101 after a power outage can be performed in response to a user operation. For example, when a user manually operates a button or other operating device on the currently de-energized battery pack 100 in an attempt to continue its operation, the controller 141 can attempt to reconnect the circuit and perform parameter monitoring and condition judgment. If the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface 130a or the battery terminal 130 no longer meet the power outage judgment conditions, the controller 141 can restore the conduction of the battery pack 100 discharge circuit 101 by switching the switching state of the electronic switch 150.

[0111] In some embodiments, the battery pack 100 further includes an alarm module 170, which is connected to the controller 141. The alarm module 170 can issue an alarm when the controller 141 confirms that the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface 130a or the battery terminal 130 meet the power-off judgment conditions, or further provide relevant warning information. The alarm module 170 can directly issue an alarm to the user via sound, light, or electricity, or it can also issue an alarm to external devices and the user via wireless communication methods such as IoT. In some embodiments, the controller 141 also calls the alarm module 170 to issue a recovery prompt to the user when it determines that the discharge circuit 101 can be restored or is allowed to be restored. Subsequently, after the user issues a recovery instruction or manually operates the relevant operating components, the controller 141 controls the discharge circuit 101 of the battery pack 100 to resume conduction.

[0112] Correspondingly, in one embodiment, this application also provides a battery protection system 300, which includes a battery pack 100 and a battery protection device 310. As described above, the battery pack 100 includes a housing 110, a battery module 120, and a low-voltage terminal 130a. The battery protection device 310 includes a monitoring module 311 and a controller 312 connected to the monitoring module 311. The monitoring module 311 is configured to monitor the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface 130a of the battery pack 100. The controller 312 is configured to acquire the electrical parameters of the aforementioned low-voltage interface 130a and, in response to the electrical parameters meeting the power-off judgment condition, control the discharge circuit 101 of the battery pack 100 to disconnect. The difference from the aforementioned embodiments is that the battery protection device 310 in this embodiment, i.e., the main device for parameter monitoring and condition judgment in power-off protection, can be located inside the battery pack 100 or outside the battery pack 100, independent of it. For specific concepts or implementation methods related to the low-voltage interface 130a, electrical parameters, power failure judgment conditions, etc., please refer to the previous embodiments.

[0113] In some embodiments, the battery protection device 310 in the battery protection system 300 may be part of the battery pack 100, and the monitoring module 311 and controller 312 may be components belonging to the battery pack 100. Alternatively, the monitoring module 311 and controller 312 may be integrated into a single module within the battery pack 100. Alternatively, the monitoring module 311 may be the parameter detection module 142 within the battery pack 100. The controller 312 may be the existing controller 141 within the battery pack 100, for example, the controller of the battery management module (BMS). In some embodiments, the monitoring module 311 may include a current sampling circuit and / or a voltage sampling circuit.

[0114] In some embodiments, the battery protection device 310 in the battery protection system 300 may also be independently located outside the battery pack 100. Alternatively, the battery protection device 310 may be part of an external device such as a power tool 201 or a charger 202, and may be located in the power tool 201 or charger 202 that can be connected to the battery pack 100. Alternatively, the battery protection device 310 may also be located in a user device such as a mobile phone, tablet computer, or personal computer. In some embodiments, the controller 312 may be the original controller of the aforementioned external device. In some embodiments, the monitoring module 311 in the power tool 201 or charger 202 may include a current sampling circuit and / or a voltage sampling circuit. When the battery pack 100 is installed to power the power tool 201 or connected to the charger 202 for charging, the current sampling circuit and / or voltage sampling circuit in the monitoring module 311 may monitor one or more of the electrical parameters such as current, voltage, resistance (impedance) / conductance of the low-voltage interface 130a. In other embodiments, the monitoring module 311 may also include a communication unit, which can obtain the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface 130a monitored by the battery pack 100 itself or by other third-party devices through communication.

[0115] In some embodiments, the battery protection system 300 further includes an execution module 320, which includes an electronic switch 150 disposed in the discharge circuit 101 of the battery pack 100. The controller 312 of the battery protection device 310, in response to the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface 130a meeting the power-off judgment condition, can transmit a control signal to the execution module 320 to control the switching state of the electronic switch 150, thereby controlling the on / off state of the discharge circuit 101. It is understood that the specific implementation methods of the execution module 320 and the controller 312 differ depending on the relative affiliation between the battery protection device 310 and the battery pack 100. In some embodiments, the controller 312 is the controller 141, which can form a direct electrical connection with the electronic switch 150 and can directly send control signals to the electronic switch 150 to control its switching state, thereby controlling the on / off state of the discharge circuit 101. In other embodiments, the controller 312 is independent of the battery pack 100. The execution module 320 can act as a proxy for the battery pack 100 to communicate with the controller 312 and relay the control signals of the controller 312 to the electronic switch 150 to switch the on / off state of the electronic switch 150, thereby controlling the on / off state of the discharge circuit 101.

[0116] The above solution is illustrated below with a specific embodiment. A power tool battery pack uses its communication terminal as a low-voltage interface for water immersion leakage detection. Under normal circumstances, the voltage value on the communication terminal does not exceed the voltage threshold, for example, less than or equal to 15V. The controller determines that no water immersion leakage has occurred and does not interfere with the opening and closing of the relevant electronic switches. If the controller detects that the voltage value on the communication terminal exceeds the voltage threshold and the duration exceeds the time threshold, the controller determines that water immersion leakage has occurred and can control the relevant electronic switches to turn off to cut off the current loop. The battery pack will not charge or discharge with external electrical equipment. At this time, the battery pack can enter a sleep state, and components such as the parameter detection module and the controller can be turned off. Subsequently, in response to the user's button operation or the RTC clock timer wake-up setting, the battery pack is woken up, and the controller and other components restart their operation, re-entering the aforementioned water immersion leakage detection control loop. The thresholds involved in the aforementioned process can be adjusted and changed accordingly depending on the scenario, and the types of parameters involved can also be adjusted.

[0117] In one alternative implementation, refer to Figure 13The power tool battery pack 100 includes the aforementioned housing 110, battery module 120, and battery terminals 130. A discharge electronic switch 151, controlling the on / off state of the discharge circuit 101, is electrically connected between the positive terminal 120a and the positive terminal 131 of the battery module 120. A charging electronic switch 152, controlling the on / off state of the charging circuit 102, is electrically connected between the negative terminal 120b and the negative terminal 132 of the battery module 120. This implementation can control water immersion creepage and leakage during the discharge process of the battery pack 100, and also provides overcharge protection functions, further enhancing the safety of the battery pack 100. Separating the positive and negative electrical transmission sections with charging and discharging electronic switches 151 and 152, while maintaining the same charging and discharging port for the battery pack 100, reduces costs compared to solutions using three-terminal fuses and other components, while offering safety, reliability, and flexible control. Furthermore, the design of the electronic switches 150 at both ends also facilitates system heat dissipation and temperature uniformity. In some embodiments, the power tool battery pack 100 further includes a controller 141 and a parameter detection module 142. The parameter detection module 142 can detect the electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130 and transmit them to the controller 141. The controller 141 can switch the switching states of the aforementioned discharge electronic switch 151 and / or charging electronic switch 152 based on the currently measured electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130, thereby controlling the on / off state of the discharge circuit 101 and / or charging circuit 102 of the battery pack 100. In some embodiments, the aforementioned electrical parameters include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following parameters: voltage, current, resistance / conductance of the communication terminal 133; conductance / resistance, capacitance / dielectric constant of the positive terminal 131 and / or negative terminal 132; current, voltage, resistance / conductance, capacitance / dielectric constant of the detection terminal 134. In some embodiments, the battery pack 100 further includes a temperature sampling module 143, which can at least collect the temperature near the battery terminal 130 and transmit it to the controller 141. The controller 141 will combine the currently measured temperature with the electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130 to decide how to control the switching state of the aforementioned discharge electronic switch 151 and / or charging electronic switch 152.

[0118] In one alternative implementation of this application, reference is made to... Figures 6 to 11The power tool battery pack 100 includes a housing 110, a battery module 120, and a battery terminal 130, as well as a control circuit board 140 and at least one electronic switch 150 disposed on the control circuit board 140 for controlling the on / off state of the charging circuit 102 and / or the discharging circuit 101 of the battery pack 100. The electronic switch 150a is connected between the positive terminal 120a and the positive terminal 131 of the battery module 120, and / or the electronic switch 150b is connected between the negative terminal 120b and the negative terminal 132 of the battery module 120. The electronic switch 150 has a bidirectional shut-off characteristic. The bidirectional shutdown characteristic of electronic switch 150 means that, at least when electronic switch 150 is in the off state, neither forward nor reverse current can pass through electronic switch 150. Specifically, when electronic switch 150, connected between the positive terminal 120a and the positive terminal 131 and / or connected between the negative terminal 120b and the negative terminal 132 of the module, is in the off state in response to the signal from controller 141, due to its bidirectional shutdown characteristic, it can be used to cut off the discharge circuit 101 from the positive terminal 131 (inflow from the negative terminal 132) and also to cut off the charging circuit 102 from the positive terminal 131 (outflow from the negative terminal 132). Thus, in this embodiment, by utilizing the special properties of part of electronic switch 150, only one component can simultaneously provide bidirectional power-off protection for charging and discharging, which can save space for the layout design on control circuit board 140, reduce component losses and system costs, or enhance redundancy protection, further improving the safety of battery pack 100. It is understood that in this embodiment, it is hoped that the traditional back-to-back MOSFET (Si MOSFET) solution will be abandoned, and the problem will be solved by utilizing the inherent characteristics of some electronic switches 150 (such as the aforementioned improvements in circuit board layout, heat dissipation, loss, cost, etc.). The aforementioned electronic switch 150 with bidirectional turn-off characteristics can be a single element rather than a device, component or sub-circuit composed of two or more elements.

[0119] In some embodiments, the electronic switch 150 with bidirectional turn-off characteristics described above can be a power electronic switch 150 without parasitic diodes. Exemplarily, GaN transistors (such as GaN HEMTs), JFETs, etc., can be used, but not those with only unidirectional turn-off characteristics, such as... Figure 6The MOSFET shown, due to the presence of its parasitic body diode, cannot block reverse current. Exemplarily, a GaN HEMT transistor can be designed with a symmetrical drain-source configuration, where neither forward nor reverse current is allowed to flow between the drain and source when a turn-off signal (simultaneously below the source and drain voltages) is output to the gate; exemplarily, neither forward nor reverse current is allowed to flow between the drain and source when a turn-off signal (exceeding its upper / lower cutoff voltage limits) is output to the gate of a JFET transistor. In some embodiments, the electronic switch 150 with bidirectional turn-off characteristics described above can use a VGaN transistor.

[0120] In some embodiments, the electronic switch 150 has both bidirectional turn-off and bidirectional conduction characteristics, thereby enabling simultaneous control of the on / off state of the battery pack 100 discharge circuit 101 and charging circuit 102 by a single electronic switch 150, achieving technical effects such as reducing the number of components, lowering losses, and reducing costs. For example, taking a GaN HEMT transistor with the aforementioned source-drain symmetrical design, when a conduction signal (a signal higher than a certain value of the source or drain voltage) is output to the gate, both forward and reverse currents between the drain and source are allowed to pass. For example, a JFET transistor can have a natural conductive path (channel) when there is no external voltage applied to the gate.

[0121] In some embodiments, the electronic switch 150 controls the on / off state of the charging circuit 102 and the discharging circuit 101 in response to different signals. Specifically, the electronic switch 150 can: in response to a first signal, the electronic switch 150 cuts off the discharging circuit 101; and in response to a second signal, the electronic switch 150 cuts off the charging circuit 102; simultaneously, the electronic switch 150 can also: in response to a third signal, the electronic switch 150 allows the discharging circuit 101 to conduct; and in response to a fourth signal, the electronic switch 150 allows the charging circuit 102 to conduct. In some embodiments, the aforementioned first signal and second signal can be the same signal, that is, the off state of the electronic switch 150 with bidirectional off characteristics can be triggered by the same signal. In some embodiments, the aforementioned third signal and fourth signal can be the same signal; in other embodiments, the aforementioned third signal and fourth signal can be different signals, and the difference in signals may include the difference in the numerical range of the signal voltage value.

[0122] In some embodiments, the control circuit board 140 is provided with an electronic switch 150a that has bidirectional shutdown and bidirectional conduction characteristics, connected between the positive terminal and the positive terminal 131 of the battery module 120. In other embodiments, the control circuit board 140 is provided with an electronic switch 150b that has bidirectional shutdown and bidirectional conduction characteristics, connected between the negative terminal and the negative terminal 132 of the battery module 120.

[0123] In some embodiments, the control circuit board 140 is further provided with a controller 141 and a parameter detection module 142. The parameter detection module 142 can detect the electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130 and transmit them to the controller 141. The controller 141 can switch the switching state of the electronic switch 150 based on the currently measured electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130, thereby controlling the on / off state of the discharge circuit 101 and / or charging circuit 102 of the battery pack 100. In some embodiments, the aforementioned electrical parameters include at least one of the following: current, voltage, resistance / conductance of the communication terminal 133; capacitance / dielectric constant, conductance / resistance of the positive terminal 131 and / or negative terminal 132; and current, voltage, resistance / conductance of the detection terminal 134. In some embodiments, the battery pack 100 is further provided with a temperature sampling module 143 that can sample the temperature near the battery terminal 130. The controller 141 will combine the currently measured temperature and the electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130 to make a decision on how to control the electronic switch 150 under temperature compensation. In some embodiments, the controller 141 determines whether to turn off the electronic switch 150 based on whether the measured electrical parameters are within a preset value range.

[0124] In some embodiments, the control circuit board 140 is further provided with a heat sink 160 for dissipating heat from the electronic switch 150. The heat sink 160 may be located on two opposite surfaces of the control circuit board 140, separate from the electronic switch 150; alternatively, it may be located on the same surface of the control circuit board 140 as the electronic switch 150, and positioned on the outer side relative to the electronic switch 150 for heat dissipation. In some embodiments, the heat sink 160 of the electronic switch 150 is made of a material with high thermal conductivity, which can be greater than or equal to 0.5 W / (m·K). Further explanation of the concepts and solutions provided below will be available later.

[0125] In some embodiments, reference Figure 7 The various electronic switches 150 mentioned above can be used in parallel during implementation. That is, two or more electronic switches 150 can be connected in parallel and connected as a whole to the discharge circuit 101 or charging circuit 102 of the battery pack 100. They can be the same electronic switch and can receive synchronous control signals. In this embodiment, the parallel connection of transistors and other electronic switches 150 can improve the current carrying capacity of the charging and discharging circuits 101 and 102 of the battery pack 100, reduce the conduction loss of the electronic switches 150, and may optimize the switching characteristics in high-frequency scenarios, thereby better adapting to the performance requirements of the power tool battery pack 100 in this application. The application of the parallel electronic switch 150 can be connected between the positive terminal 120a of the battery module 120 and the positive terminal 131 of the battery pack 100, or it can be connected between the negative terminal 120b of the battery module 120 and the negative terminal 132 of the battery pack 100.

[0126] In some embodiments, reference Figure 15 The various electronic switches 150 mentioned above can also be equipped with a pre-discharge branch. For example, the pre-discharge branch is connected in parallel to the electronic switch 150 and then into the discharge circuit 101. Optionally, the pre-discharge branch can be constructed by connecting other electronic switches and resistors or PTC elements in series. In the standby state of the battery pack 100, the (main) electronic switch 150 is off and not in operation, while the pre-discharge branch is activated. This limits the current using electronic or PTC elements, thus preventing arcing. When the battery pack 100 is discharging normally, the (main) electronic switch 150 can be switched on, and the discharge circuit 101 operates normally.

[0127] In one alternative embodiment of this application, the power tool battery pack 100 includes a housing 110, a battery module 120, and battery terminals 130. The section between the positive terminal 120a and the positive terminal 131 of the battery module 120 is designated as the positive electrical transmission section of the battery pack 100, and the section between the negative terminal 120b and the negative terminal 132 of the battery module 120 is designated as the negative electrical transmission section of the battery pack 100. Electronic switches 150 are connected to the aforementioned positive and negative electrical transmission sections to control the charging and discharging of the battery pack 100. Furthermore, the battery pack 100 also includes a heat sink 160 for dissipating heat from the aforementioned electronic switches 150, with a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 0.5 W / (m·K). In this embodiment, electronic switches 150 are separately installed in the positive and negative electrical transmission sections of the battery pack 100, and a heat sink 160 with a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 0.5 W / (m·K) is added to the electronic switch 150, thereby enhancing the safety of the power tool battery pack 100 in terms of both power failure protection and heat dissipation.

[0128] In some embodiments, the heat sink 160 may have a one-to-one correspondence with the electronic switch 150, that is, one electronic switch 150 is equipped with one heat sink 160. For example... Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the heat sink 160 and its corresponding electronic switch 150 are respectively disposed on two opposite surfaces of the control circuit board 140. For example, the electronic switch 150 and the heat sink are respectively disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the board in the figure. Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the heat sink 160 and its corresponding electronic switch 150 are disposed on the same surface of the control circuit board 140, and the heat sink 160 is disposed on the side of the electronic switch 150 away from the board. That is, the electronic switch 150 is between the control circuit board 140 and the heat sink. For example, the electronic switch 150 is disposed on the upper surface of the board in the figure, and the heat sink 160 is disposed above the electronic switch 150. In some embodiments, along the direction perpendicular to the contact surface between the electronic switch 150 and the control circuit board 140, the orthographic projections of the heat sink 160 and its corresponding electronic switch 150 largely coincide to ensure heat dissipation efficiency.

[0129] In some embodiments, the heat sink 160 with a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 0.5 W / (m·K) may be made of at least one material selected from thermally conductive plastic, thermally conductive metal, and composite thermally conductive material. In some embodiments, the heat sink 160 may use nylon material with thermally conductive filler. In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the heat sink 160 may be greater than or equal to 0.8 W / (m·K), and further, the thermal conductivity of the heat sink 160 may be greater than or equal to 1.0 W / (m·K). In some embodiments, the heat sink 160 also has flame retardancy; in some embodiments, the heat sink 160 also has certain tensile strength and flexural strength.

[0130] It should be noted that the various implementation methods and their specific embodiments described above can be combined with each other to comprehensively optimize the safety of the power tool battery pack in this application in terms of power failure protection, thermal management, and other aspects, as well as the accuracy, flexibility and efficiency of related controls, provided that there is no conflict in their characteristics.

[0131] In one alternative implementation, this application refers to... Figure 12The power tool battery pack 100 includes the aforementioned housing 110, battery module 120, and battery terminals 130. A charging electronic switch 152 for controlling the on / off state of the charging circuit 102 is electrically connected between the positive terminal 120a and the positive terminal 131 of the battery module 120, and a discharge electronic switch 151 for controlling the on / off state of the discharge circuit 101 is electrically connected between the negative terminal 120b and the negative terminal 132 of the battery module 120. This embodiment enhances the safety of the battery pack 100, reduces costs compared to related technologies, offers flexible control, and provides good heat dissipation. In some embodiments, the power tool battery pack 100 further includes a controller 141 and a parameter detection module 142. The parameter detection module 142 can detect the electrical parameters of the battery terminals 130 and transmit them to the controller 141. The controller 141 can switch the switching states of the aforementioned discharge electronic switch 151 and / or charging electronic switch 152 based on the currently measured electrical parameters of the battery terminals 130, thereby controlling the on / off state of the discharge circuit 101 and / or charging circuit 102 of the battery pack 100. For example, if the controller 141 determines that there is a risk of overcharging in the battery pack 100 based on the aforementioned electrical parameters, it can control the aforementioned charging electronic switch 152 to be in a closed state, thereby cutting off the charging circuit 102 and realizing overcharge protection. For example, if the controller 141 determines that there is a risk of discharge overcurrent in the battery pack 100 based on the aforementioned electrical parameters, it can control the aforementioned discharge electronic switch 151 to be in a closed state, thereby cutting off the discharge circuit 101 and realizing discharge overcurrent protection. In some embodiments, the aforementioned electrical parameters include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following parameters: voltage, current, resistance / conductance of communication terminal 133; conductance / resistance, capacitance / dielectric constant of positive terminal 131 and / or negative terminal 132; current, voltage, resistance / conductance, capacitance / dielectric constant of detection terminal 134. In some embodiments, the battery pack 100 further includes a temperature sampling module 143, which can at least collect the temperature near the battery terminal 130 and transmit it to the controller 141. The controller 141 will combine the currently measured temperature and electrical parameters to decide how to control the switching state of the aforementioned discharge electronic switch 151 and / or charging electronic switch 152. In some embodiments, if the currently measured electrical parameters of the battery terminal 130 are not within a preset value range, the controller 141 will correspondingly control the discharge electronic switch 151 and / or charging electronic switch 152 to turn off the discharge circuit 101 or charging circuit 102.

[0132] In some embodiments, the aforementioned discharge electronic switch 151 and / or charging electronic switch 152 may be a power electronic switch 150, which may have bidirectional conduction characteristics, capable of controlling the on / off state of its own current loop, and allowing reverse current to pass through when the current reverses. Exemplarily, it(s) may be as follows: Figure 6The power electronic switch 150 with a parasitic diode shown allows the discharge electronic switch 151 to operate without interfering with the function of the charging electronic switch 152 during charging, as its parasitic diode allows a reverse current path. The switching state of the charging electronic switch 152 determines the on / off state of the charging circuit 102. Similarly, during discharging, the charging electronic switch 152, also due to its parasitic diode allowing a reverse current path, does not interfere with the function of the discharge electronic switch 151, and its switching state determines the on / off state of the discharge circuit 101. In some embodiments, the discharge electronic switch 151 and / or the charging electronic switch 152 may also have bidirectional turn-off characteristics. Under normal operating conditions, the discharge electronic switch 151 can be constantly on during charging, and the charging electronic switch 152 can be constantly on during discharging. When it is determined that the discharge circuit 101 or the charging circuit 102 needs to be cut off, turning off at least one of the discharge electronic switch 151 and the charging electronic switch 152 will cut off the discharge circuit 101 or the charging circuit 102. Exemplarily, it(s) can use a GaN HEMT bidirectional switch, a JFET, etc. The explanation in this section can be found in the relevant content above.

[0133] In some embodiments, the power tool battery pack 100 includes a control circuit board 140, on which the charging electronic switch 152 and / or discharging electronic switch 151 are disposed. The control circuit board 140 also includes a heat sink 160 corresponding to the electronic switch 150, which dissipates heat from the electronic switch 150. The heat sink 160 has a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 0.5 W / (m·K). In some embodiments, the electronic switch 150 and the heat sink 160 are arranged in a one-to-one relationship. In some embodiments, the charging electronic switch 152 and / or discharging electronic switch 151 and their heat sink 160 are respectively disposed on two opposite surfaces of the control circuit board 140. In some embodiments, the charging electronic switch 152 and / or discharging electronic switch 151 and their heat sink 160 are disposed on the same surface of the control circuit board 140, with the heat sink 160 positioned opposite to the outside to dissipate heat from the electronic switch 150.

[0134] It should be noted that the various implementation methods and their specific embodiments described above can be combined with each other to comprehensively optimize the safety of the power tool battery pack in this application in terms of power failure protection, thermal management, and other aspects, as well as the accuracy, flexibility and efficiency of related controls, provided that there is no conflict in their characteristics.

[0135] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments do not limit this application in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery pack, comprising: case; A battery module is disposed within the housing and includes multiple battery cells; The battery terminals include at least a positive terminal, a negative terminal, and a communication terminal, configured to electrically connect the battery pack to an external electrical device; Among them, at least one discharge electronic switch is connected between the positive terminal of the battery module and the positive terminal to control the opening and closing of the discharge circuit; It also includes: a parameter detection module, configured to detect the electrical parameters of the battery terminals; The controller is configured to control the switching state of the discharge electronic switch based on the electrical parameters.

2. The battery pack according to claim 1, further comprising: The temperature acquisition module is configured to acquire at least the temperature near the battery terminals; The controller is configured to control the switching state of the discharge electronic switch in conjunction with the electrical parameters and the temperature.

3. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein, The electrical parameters include one or more of the following parameters: voltage, current, resistance, and conductance of the communication terminal; capacitance, dielectric constant, conductance, and resistance of the positive and / or negative terminals.

4. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein, The controller is configured to turn off the discharge electronic switch to cut off the discharge circuit when the electrical parameters are not within a preset value range.

5. The battery pack according to claim 4, wherein, The controller is also configured to, in response to a manual restart operation, control the discharge electronic switch to turn on to restore the discharge circuit; and / or, periodically detect whether the current electrical parameters allow the discharge circuit to be restored and, if so, control the electronic switch to turn on.

6. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein, A charging electronic switch is also connected between the positive terminal and the positive terminal of the battery module to control the on / off state of the charging circuit; or, a charging electronic switch is also connected between the negative terminal and the negative terminal of the battery module to control the on / off state of the charging circuit.

7. A battery pack, comprising: case; A battery module is disposed within the housing and includes multiple battery cells; A low-voltage interface, including at least one low-voltage pin, wherein the low-voltage interface is not part of a discharge circuit; The controller is configured to disconnect the discharge circuit of the battery pack in response to the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface meeting the power-off judgment condition.

8. The battery pack according to claim 7, wherein, The low-voltage interface includes a communication terminal for the battery pack to communicate with external devices; and / or, the low-voltage interface includes a detection terminal for leakage current detection that is separate from the communication terminal of the battery pack.

9. The battery pack according to claim 7, wherein, The electrical parameters include one or more of the voltage to ground, current, and impedance to ground of the low-voltage pin.

10. The battery pack according to claim 7, wherein, The power outage judgment condition includes the voltage of the low-voltage interface exceeding a preset voltage threshold; and / or, the power outage judgment condition includes the current of the low-voltage interface exceeding a preset current threshold; and / or, the power outage judgment condition includes the impedance of the low-voltage interface being lower than a preset impedance threshold.

11. The battery pack according to claim 7, further comprising: An electronic switch controls the on / off state of the discharge circuit; the controller is configured to control the electronic switch to turn off to disconnect the discharge circuit.

12. The battery pack according to claim 11, wherein, The electronic switch is located between the positive terminal of the battery module and the positive terminal of the battery pack.

13. A battery protection system, comprising a battery pack and a battery protection device; wherein, The battery protection device includes: The monitoring module is configured to monitor the electrical parameters of the low-voltage interface of the battery pack; The controller is connected to the monitoring module and configured as follows: Obtain the electrical parameters; In response to the electrical parameters meeting the power-off judgment conditions, the discharge circuit of the battery pack is controlled to be disconnected.

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