Battery system and electric vehicle comprising a battery system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a battery system and a vehicle including the battery system. The battery system includes: a battery pack including a housing and a plurality of battery cells, the housing including a floor, the plurality of battery cells housed within the housing above the floor; a chassis protection plate located below and spaced apart from the floor such that an enclosed space is formed between the chassis protection plate and the floor, the enclosed space including at least one inlet fluidly communicated to the housing and an outlet drawn from the battery system, the outlet located in a central region of the chassis protection plate; and a plurality of baffles extending between the chassis protection plate and the floor and configured to direct exhaust products emitted from at least one of the battery cells between the inlet and the outlet to the outlet.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to aspects of battery systems. This disclosure also relates to electric vehicles that include battery systems. Background Technology

[0002] A battery pack (e.g., a battery system's battery pack) is an collection of any number of battery modules or individual battery cells (e.g., identical battery modules or identical individual battery cells). Battery modules and / or their respective battery cells can be configured in series, parallel, or series / parallel connection configurations to provide desired voltage, capacity, and / or power density. Components of a battery pack may include individual battery modules and interconnections providing electrical connections between battery modules (e.g., between the respective battery cells of a battery module).

[0003] The battery system may also include a battery management system (BMS), which is an electronic system configured to manage the rechargeable components of the battery system, including rechargeable battery cells, battery modules, and battery packs. For example, the BMS can protect the battery system by preventing operation of the battery outside its safe operating area, by monitoring the state of the battery, calculating data (e.g., secondary data), reporting that data (e.g., secondary data), controlling the battery's environment, certifying the environment, and / or balancing the environment. For example, the BMS can monitor the state of battery cells, represented by voltage (e.g., the total voltage of the battery pack or battery module and / or the voltage of individual battery cells), can monitor temperature (e.g., the average temperature of the battery pack or battery module, coolant inlet temperature, coolant outlet temperature, or the temperature of individual battery cells), can monitor coolant flow (e.g., flow rate and / or coolant pressure), and can monitor current.

[0004] In addition, the BMS can calculate various values ​​based on the above characteristics or based on measurements. Measurements may include: minimum and maximum cell voltages, state of charge (SOC) or depth of discharge (DOD) indicating the charge level of a cell, state of health (SOH) (e.g., a metric defined in various ways as a percentage of the cell's remaining capacity as of its original capacity), state of power (SOP) (e.g., the amount of power available within a defined time interval given current power usage, temperature, and other conditions), state of safety (SOS), maximum charging current as the charge current limit (CCL), maximum discharging current as the discharge current limit (DCL), and the cell's internal impedance (e.g., to determine open-circuit voltage).

[0005] In some examples, the BMS can be centralized, with a single controller connected to the battery cells via a large number of wires. In some examples, the BMS can be distributed, with the BMS board mounted at each cell and only a single communication cable between the battery cell and the controller. In some examples, the BMS can have a modular construction comprising several controllers, each handling a certain number of cells and configured to communicate with other controllers within the same group. Centralized BMSs are economical but may have the worst scalability and can be plagued by a large number of wires. Distributed BMSs can be expensive, but installation can be simple and offer streamlined assembly. Modular BMSs can offer a trade-off between the characteristics and problems of the other two architectures.

[0006] A Battery Management System (BMS) can protect the battery pack from operation outside its safe operating range. Operation outside the safe operating range can be indicated by overcurrent, overvoltage (during charging), excessively high or low temperature, excessive pressure, ground fault detection, and / or leakage current detection. The BMS can prevent the battery from operating outside its safe operating parameters by including a switch (e.g., an internal switch, such as a relay or solid-state device) that disconnects when the battery operates outside its safe operating parameters. For example, the BMS can request the devices connected to the battery to reduce or even terminate their use of the battery. The BMS can control the environment (e.g., it can actively control the environment). For example, the BMS can control the environment through heaters, fans, air conditioning, and / or liquid cooling.

[0007] The mechanical integration of battery packs in larger structures (e.g., in vehicles) can be provided through appropriate mechanical connections between individual components (e.g., between individual components of the battery module) and through appropriate mechanical connections between the individual components and the vehicle's support structure. These connections can be provided to maintain function and safety throughout the average lifespan of the battery system. In some applications (e.g., in mobile applications), installation space and interchangeability standards may be applicable.

[0008] Mechanical integration of the battery module can be achieved by providing a frame (e.g., a carrier frame) and by positioning the battery module thereon (e.g., by fixing or attaching the battery module). Fixing the individual battery cells or battery module (e.g., to the frame) can be achieved through mating recesses in the frame and / or through mechanical interconnects such as bolts or screws. In some examples, the battery module is confined by fastening side panels to the sides of the carrier frame. In some examples, a cover plate can be fixed above and / or below the battery module.

[0009] The battery pack's carrier frame can be mounted to the vehicle's structure (e.g., load-bearing structure). If the battery pack is fixed to the bottom of the vehicle, a mechanical connection can be established from the vehicle's underside via bolts, for example, passing through the carrier frame of the battery pack. The frame can be made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy to reduce the overall weight of the construction.

[0010] In some examples, despite having any modular structure, the battery system may include a battery housing that serves as an enclosure. The housing seals the battery system relative to the environment and provides structural protection for the components of the battery system. The encapsulated battery system can be installed as a whole into its application environment (e.g., in an electric vehicle).

[0011] To provide thermal control for the battery pack, a thermal management system can be employed to ensure the safe use of the battery modules. For example, a thermal management system can ensure the safe use of the battery modules by efficiently dissipating, releasing, and / or dissipating heat generated by the rechargeable battery cells within them. If heat dissipation, release, and / or dissipation is not adequately performed (e.g., by a thermal management system), temperature deviations may occur between individual battery cells, and the battery module may not produce the desired (or designed) amount of power. Furthermore, an increase in the internal temperature of a battery cell may lead to abnormal reactions within it, thus potentially degrading the charging and discharging performance of the rechargeable battery cells (e.g., potentially reducing their capacity) and shortening their lifespan (e.g., potentially decreasing their lifespan). Therefore, it may be appropriate to enable battery systems with individual cell cooling to efficiently dissipate / release / dissipate heat from the battery cells.

[0012] The exothermic decomposition of a single component can lead to "thermal runaway" (e.g., a thermal runaway event). Typically, thermal runaway describes a process accelerated by rising temperatures, releasing energy that further increases the temperature (e.g., a dangerous self-inflicted overheating process). Thermal runaway occurs when conditions change in a way that leads to a further increase in temperature, often resulting in destructive consequences. For example, thermal runaway can be caused by an initial thermally triggered event experienced by the battery system, such as overcharging, a short circuit, external heating, and / or mechanical damage. When internal components of the battery system are broken down by a thermally triggered event (e.g., become damaged), the damaged components may generate even more heat. As the temperature rises, exothermic reactions may occur. These reactions may accelerate the temperature rise and lead to further damage.

[0013] In rechargeable battery systems, thermal runaway can be associated with a strongly exothermic reaction that is accelerated by rising temperatures. During thermal runaway, the temperature of a single cell can rise (e.g., potentially extremely rapidly), and the stored energy can be released suddenly. In some cases (e.g., in some extreme situations), thermal runaway can cause a single cell to explode and catch fire. In other cases (e.g., in some minor or less extreme situations), thermal runaway can cause irreparable damage to a single cell.

[0014] If a battery cell is heated above a threshold temperature (e.g., a critical temperature, such as 150°C), the cell can transition to thermal runaway (e.g., may experience a thermal runaway event). Typically, temperatures outside the safe zone, whether on the low or high side, can cause irreversible damage to the battery cell and may therefore trigger thermal runaway. Thermal runaway can also occur due to internal or external short circuits within the battery cell or due to poor battery maintenance. For example, overcharging or fast charging can lead to thermal runaway.

[0015] During thermal runaway, the faulty cell may reach temperatures exceeding 700°C. Furthermore, a large amount of hot gas can be ejected (e.g., emitted or released) from the interior of the faulty cell into the battery pack as exhaust gases (e.g., exhaust products (VP)) through the cell's venting openings. The components of the exhaust gases (e.g., the main components) may include hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), electrolyte vapors, and other hydrocarbons. Therefore, the exhaust gases may be flammable and potentially toxic. Exhaust gases can also cause an increase in gas pressure within the battery pack. In some cases (e.g., in the worst-case scenario), the high temperature may cause the process to spread to neighboring cells and potentially lead to a fire within the battery pack. At this stage, the fire may be difficult to extinguish.

[0016] As described above, a battery system may include multiple battery cells connected in series to achieve a voltage (e.g., a sufficiently high voltage) to provide an energy source (e.g., a powerful energy source) for propelling an electric vehicle. In the event of a failure in one or more cells or voltage sources, overheating may occur, leading to thermal runaway of a single or multiple cells, generating hot exhaust gases, and particles and fine dust leaving the battery system and causing an external fire (e.g., a fire outside the battery system). Internal measures to prevent thermal runaway (such as particle separators) may depend on the availability of space within the battery system. In some cases, there may not be sufficient space available, therefore, further (e.g., alternative preventative) measures may be considered (e.g., may be provided). This description of the related art section is intended only to provide context, and the disclosure of any embodiments or concepts in this section does not constitute an admission that said embodiments or concepts are prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0017] This disclosure is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. The following description is limited by this limitation. Any disclosure outside the scope of the claims and their equivalents is intended for illustrative and comparative purposes.

[0018] In battery systems, gases released from the battery (e.g., venting products) can cause the given battery system to overheat, which can lead to thermal runaway (e.g., a thermal runaway event) and damage the battery system and its surrounding environment. Directing the venting products to the outside of the battery system can reduce the chance of a thermal runaway event and / or reduce the extent of damage caused by such an event. Aspects of embodiments of this disclosure may provide a battery system and method with improved venting and / or cooling structures to reduce the risk (e.g., hazard) of thermal runaway events.

[0019] Therefore, according to some embodiments of this disclosure, the battery system may include: a battery pack including a housing having a base plate and a plurality of battery cells housed within the housing above the base plate; a chassis protection plate disposed below the base plate, wherein the chassis protection plate and the base plate are spaced apart to form an enclosed space therebetween, wherein the enclosed space includes at least one inlet fluidly connected to the housing and an outlet leading out from the battery system, wherein the outlet is disposed (e.g., positioned) in a central region of the chassis protection plate; and a plurality of baffles extending between the chassis protection plate and the base plate and disposed (e.g., configured) between the inlet and the outlet to guide (e.g., redirect) exhaust products emitted by at least one of the battery cells to the outlet during a thermal runaway event (e.g., based on the initial triggering of a potential thermal runaway process).

[0020] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the electric vehicle includes the battery system described above.

[0021] Further aspects and features of this disclosure may be learned from the following description and the appended claims. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The features of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description of embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a battery system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figures 2A to 2F This is a schematic perspective view of the structure of an underbody protection plate according to some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 3This is a schematic top view of the structure of a baffle according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 4 These are schematic top views of the structure of the edge region of the chassis protection plate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure and top views of the enclosed space.

[0027] Explanation of some figure labels

[0028] 100 Battery System

[0029] 10 battery packs

[0030] 11. Shell

[0031] 12 base plate

[0032] 12' Cover

[0033] 13 Chassis protection plates

[0034] 131 Edge / Flange

[0035] 14 battery cells

[0036] 15. Isolation materials

[0037] 16 entrances

[0038] 17 Exports

[0039] 18' baffle

[0040] VP Exhaust Products / Gas

[0041] VS Exhaust Space

[0042] ES enclosed space

[0043] EA edge region Detailed Implementation

[0044] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. Aspects and features of the embodiments and methods of implementation thereof are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "on," "connected to," or "bonded to" another element or layer, the element or layer may be directly on, directly connected to, or directly bonded to the other element or layer, or one or more intermediate elements or layers may be present. When an element or layer is referred to as being "directly on," "directly connected to," or "directly bonded to" another element or layer, no intermediate elements or layers are present. For example, when a first element is described as being "bonded" or "connected" to a second element, the first element may be directly bonded to or connected to the second element, or the first element may be indirectly bonded to or connected to the second element via one or more intermediate elements.

[0046] In the accompanying drawings, the dimensions of various elements, layers, etc., may be exaggerated for clarity of illustration. The same reference numerals refer to the same elements. As used herein, the terms “and / or” and “or” include any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Furthermore, when describing embodiments of this disclosure, the use of “may” refers to “one or more embodiments of this disclosure.” Expressions such as “at least one of…” and “any one of…”, when following a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements, not individual elements in the list. For example, the expression “at least one of a, b, or c” indicates only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof. As used herein, the terms “using,” “using…,” and “utilizing” may be considered synonymous with the terms “utilizing,” “using…,” and “using,” respectively. As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” and similar terms are used as approximate terms rather than terms of degree and are intended to describe inherent variations in measured or calculated values ​​that will be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0047] It will be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or segment from another element, component, region, layer, or segment. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer, or segment discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer, or segment without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments.

[0048] For ease of description, this document uses spatial relation terms such as “below,” “under,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” etc., to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature as shown in the figure. It will be understood that, in addition to the orientation shown in the figure, the spatial relation terms are intended to cover different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, an element described as “below” or “under” other elements or features will be oriented “above” or “upper” by other elements or features. Therefore, the term “below” can encompass both upper and lower orientations. The device may be oriented in other ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relation descriptors used herein should be interpreted accordingly. In this document, the terms “upper” and “lower” are defined according to the z-axis. For example, the upper cover is positioned above the z-axis, and the lower cover is positioned below it.

[0049] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a” and “an” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that, when used in this specification, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “including,” and / or “containing” specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0050] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in view of the entirety of this disclosure, each suitable feature of the various embodiments of this disclosure may be combined or integrated with each other in part or in whole, and may be technically linked and operated in a variety of suitable ways, and each embodiment may be implemented independently of each other or in combination with each other in any suitable manner, unless otherwise stated or implied.

[0051] Furthermore, any numerical ranges disclosed and / or enumerated herein are intended to include all subranges containing the same numerical precision within the enumerated range. For example, the range “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between (and including) the enumerated minimum value of 1.0 and the enumerated maximum value of 10.0, i.e., all subranges having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limit enumerated herein is intended to include all lower numerical limits contained therein, and any minimum numerical limit enumerated in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limits contained therein. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to amend this specification (including the claims) to expressly enumerate any subranges contained within the range expressly enumerated herein.

[0052] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It will be further understood that terms (such as those defined in common dictionaries) shall be interpreted as having the same meaning as they have in the context of the relevant technology and / or this specification, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined herein.

[0053] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a battery system is provided. The battery system may include a battery pack comprising a housing. The housing may include a base plate and one or more battery cells (e.g., multiple battery cells) housed within the housing above the base plate. The battery system may further include a protective plate (e.g., a chassis protection plate) disposed below the base plate. In some embodiments, the protective plate may be configured to reduce (e.g., prevent) damage to the battery system. For example, the protective plate itself, or in combination with other structures, may be configured to reduce the magnitude of the force applied toward (e.g., applied to the housing) when the battery system is dropped or otherwise subjected to an impact. In some embodiments, the chassis protection plate and the base plate are spaced apart to form a space therebetween (e.g., an enclosed space). In other words, a space (e.g., an enclosed space) may exist between the chassis protection plate and the base plate. In some embodiments, the space may be largely enclosed (e.g., more than half of its perimeter is surrounded or blocked by other structures). In some embodiments, the space may be largely unenclosed (e.g., largely open, or half or less of its perimeter is surrounded by other structures).

[0054] In some implementations, the space (e.g., an enclosed space) includes at least one inlet. The inlet may be in fluid communication with the housing and with an outlet leading from the battery system. The outlet may be located (e.g., arranged in) a chassis protection plate (e.g., substantially located in the central region of the chassis protection plate). For example, the outlet may be spaced apart from one or more edges of the chassis protection plate. For example, the outlet may be substantially centered relative to two or more edges of the chassis protection plate.

[0055] In some implementations, the battery system includes multiple baffles. The baffles may extend between the chassis protection plate and the base plate and may be located (e.g., arranged) between the inlet and the outlet to guide (e.g., redirect) exhaust products emitted (e.g., release) by at least one of the battery cells in the event of temperature rise (e.g., in the event of thermal runaway).

[0056] In some implementations, the battery system includes a receiving chamber for housing individual battery cells. For example, the battery cells may be located within the receiving chamber. The receiving chamber may surround (e.g., partially or completely surround) the battery cells. A chassis protection plate may be located (e.g., positioned) below the floor. The battery system can be used (e.g., located) in a vehicle (e.g., an electric vehicle) in a normal operating position (e.g., as intended for use) (e.g., while driving). Therefore, "below" can refer to the -z direction (e.g., the negative z-direction of downward travel in the vertical direction). For example, the chassis protection plate may be located below the floor such that a space (e.g., an enclosed space) exists between the floor and the chassis protection plate (e.g., constructed between the floor and the chassis protection plate).

[0057] In some embodiments, the housing may include a cover (e.g., a top). Multiple battery cells may be housed within the housing above a base plate and below the cover. In some embodiments, each of the battery cells may include a venting side with an vent outlet for allowing venting products to exit the battery cell and reach a venting space or exhaust gas path within the housing, such that, in the event of a thermal runaway process (e.g., a thermal runaway process is triggered), the venting products can flow into the housing. In some embodiments, the venting side may face the cover.

[0058] In some embodiments, multiple battery cells may be arranged along a stacking direction, wherein the stacking direction extends along the long or short side of the enclosed space. In some embodiments, battery cells may be stacked along a stacking direction.

[0059] In some implementations, the cooling plate may be arranged between the base plate and the chassis protection plate.

[0060] In some embodiments, the space between the base plate and the chassis protection plate (e.g., an enclosed space, which may also be referred to as a cavity, gap, or free space) can be an isolation space that is only accessible through an inlet and an outlet. In some embodiments, the enclosed space can be formed by the chassis protection plate and the base plate. In some embodiments, the enclosed space can be formed by the chassis protection plate and a cooling plate.

[0061] In some embodiments, the chassis protection plate may have one or more edges (e.g., multiple connected edges) that run along the perimeter (e.g., the edge) of the chassis protection plate and extend toward the floor, and may be connected to the floor. In some embodiments, the chassis protection plate may have one or more edges (e.g., multiple connected edges) that run along the perimeter (e.g., the edge) of the chassis protection plate and extend toward the cooling plate, and may be connected to the cooling plate.

[0062] In some embodiments, one or more of the edges may include flanges that contact the base plate for engagement with the base plate. In some embodiments, one or more of the edges may include flanges that contact the cooling plate for engagement with the cooling plate.

[0063] In some embodiments, one or more inlets may be provided in (e.g., may be formed in) a chassis protection plate. For example, at least one inlet may be in fluid communication with the housing. The connection (e.g., fluid communication) between the inlet and the housing may include a dedicated exhaust passage. The exhaust passage may be configured to guide (e.g., redirect) exhaust products away from the housing. The inlet may include (e.g., may be) an opening integrated into the chassis protection plate. The inlet may include (e.g., may be) an opening integrated into the housing. The opening of the chassis protection plate may correspond to an opening in the housing to form a connection. For example, at least a portion of the opening in the housing may be located near (e.g., inlet, opening) an inlet (e.g., may be fluidly aligned with) the inlet (e.g., opening) of the chassis protection plate. In some embodiments, the inlet (e.g., opening) may include a continuous opening or a pressure vent. The pressure vent may be activated when the internal pressure exceeds a threshold (e.g., a predetermined threshold), thereby ensuring the release (e.g., controlled release) of exhaust products.

[0064] The housing may include (e.g., may form) an exhaust gas path (e.g., an exhaust gas path channel or an exhaust gas guide) connected (e.g., fluidly connected) to the battery cell. For example, the exhaust gas path may be fluidly connected to the exhaust outlet of the battery cell. The exhaust gas path (e.g., an exhaust gas guide) may form a continuous or interconnected (e.g., fluidly connected) space adapted to contain and guide exhaust products from the battery cell to at least one inlet. The exhaust gas path may be connected to at least one inlet.

[0065] Emission gas pathways can be provided as a safety feature, allowing gases generated during thermal runaway to be vented (e.g., vented in a controlled and safe manner). By guiding hot, flammable, and / or toxic gases along a predetermined route, emission gas pathways can reduce (e.g., minimize) the risk to nearby components and individuals (e.g., people) and can help reduce (e.g., avoid) secondary damage. Emission gas pathways may include features such as vent valves or pressure relief openings that activate when internal pressure exceeds a threshold (e.g., a safety threshold). Emission gas pathways can guide escaping gases (e.g., exhaust products) away from sensitive areas. For example, emission gas pathways can guide exhaust products to an external safe area. In some embodiments, heat-resistant materials may be used to allow the system to handle the high temperatures associated with thermal runaway events. In some embodiments, emission gas pathways may be connected to individual battery cells within a battery pack.

[0066] In some implementations, each cell may include a mechanism activated when the internal pressure increases due to gas formation, such as a vent valve or vent opening, a pressure relief valve, or a rupture disk. For example, the vent valve or vent opening, pressure relief valve, or rupture disk may form a vent outlet on the venting side. These mechanisms may be designed to direct the escaping gas or venting products directly into the exhaust gas path.

[0067] In some implementations, within the battery pack, individual battery cells can be arranged such that gases or exhaust products are directed to a central exhaust gas path via separate internal conduits, channels, or passages. This design prevents uncontrolled escape of gases or exhaust products between battery cells and reduces the risk of further damage or hazard. Exhaust valves or vents, pressure relief valves, or rupture discs may be in fluid communication with the exhaust gas path.

[0068] In some implementations, the exhaust gas path may include a centralized gas collection system fluidly connected to the battery cells. For example, the centralized gas collection system may be an exhaust space or exhaust chamber for collecting gases or exhaust products from one or more (e.g., all) battery cells and directing them to at least one inlet. The exhaust gas path may include separate internal conduits or passages connected to the battery cells, allowing gases to be managed in a manner that protects surrounding components and individuals (e.g., people). By connecting individual battery cells to a shared exhaust gas path, the system can mitigate risks associated with thermal runaway, including pressure buildup, uncontrolled gas release, and heat propagation. This integration is used in battery safety designs to reduce the risk of failure, such as catastrophic failure.

[0069] In some implementations, the venting space may be arranged above the individual cells of the battery pack. The venting space may be a chamber (e.g., a cavity) for collecting venting products (e.g., vented gases) from one or more individual cells (e.g., one or more vented cells) for subsequent distribution. The vented gases may be supplied laterally (e.g., in a horizontal direction) from the venting space and then supplied vertically downwards via an inlet into an enclosed space. For example, the venting space may be connected (e.g., fluidly connected) to an exhaust gas path, or may be part of an exhaust gas path.

[0070] The battery pack can be single-stage or multi-stage. For example, in a multi-stage battery pack, at least two rows of battery cells are provided, with one row arranged above the other. For example, the battery cells can be stacked, with one row of battery cells stacked on top of another row of battery cells.

[0071] The battery system may include another battery pack. In some embodiments, the other battery pack may be arranged above one battery pack, such that an exhaust space can be arranged between the two battery packs. This exhaust space can serve as a collection space for both battery packs. The exhaust products can be supplied to the enclosed space via an inlet in the manner described above.

[0072] When the term "extends" between the chassis protection plate and the floor plate is used in this document with respect to multiple baffles, it means that the baffle has at least a geometric extension between the chassis protection plate and the floor plate. For example, the baffle may extend partially or fully between the chassis protection plate and the floor plate, such that the baffle can contact both the chassis protection plate and the floor plate and can connect the chassis protection plate to the floor plate.

[0073] In some embodiments that include a cooling plate, as described above, the baffle may extend up to the cooling plate (e.g., the cooling plate may serve as a limiting element) such that the baffle contacts both the chassis protection plate and the cooling plate, and the chassis protection plate may be connected to the cooling plate.

[0074] Multiple baffles may extend along a plane parallel to the plane defined by the chassis protection plate; in other words, along the x-direction and / or y-direction. The baffles may have a first extension (e.g., a long extension) traveling along the x-direction and / or y-direction and a second extension (e.g., a short extension) traveling along a vertical direction (such as in the z-direction). For example, the first extension of the baffle may be associated with a path having a first dimension larger than a second dimension of the second extension of the baffle.

[0075] In some embodiments, multiple baffles may be connected (e.g., structurally connected to) a chassis protection plate or a floor plate. In some embodiments that include a cooling plate, multiple baffles may be connected (e.g., structurally connected to) a chassis protection plate or a cooling plate.

[0076] In some embodiments, multiple baffles may be connected to the chassis protection plate and the floor. In some embodiments, multiple baffles may be connected to the chassis protection plate and the cooling plate.

[0077] Multiple baffles may be arranged and / or configured to form storage and / or cooling zones. The storage and cooling zones can be designed (e.g., formed) by the arrangement and number of baffles.

[0078] The storage area is a region in which particle deposition is permitted, such that the flow path of the gas (e.g., exhaust product) remains outside the storage area. The flow path may indicate (e.g., may include) a flow path for the exhaust product, such that there is a continuous flow path (e.g., a continuous free flow path) for the exhaust product between the inlet and outlet.

[0079] In some implementations, storage areas may be provided in the edge and / or corner areas of an enclosed space. In some implementations, storage areas may be provided in the central area (e.g., as long as a flow path to the exit is maintained), allowing the flow path to remain free (e.g., open) and without obstruction.

[0080] An edge region can be an area extending along the perimeter (e.g., perimeter) of a chassis protection plate or along the perimeter (e.g., perimeter) of an enclosed space. In some embodiments, the edge region may extend less than about 30%, less than about 20%, or less than about 10% from each side edge of the chassis protection plate or each side edge of the enclosed space toward the center of the chassis protection plate or the center of the enclosed space, respectively. The percentage range refers to the total length between the opposite side edges of the respective components. For example, in some embodiments, the chassis protection plate, the enclosed space, and the base plate (or cooling plate) may be rectangular. In such embodiments, the edge region may be formed by a band extending around the aforementioned percentage region starting from each of the four side edges of the respective component. For example, the edge region may refer to the outer region of the chassis protection plate or the outer region of the enclosed space. For example, 10% of the edge region refers to the outer region of the chassis protection plate or the outer region of the enclosed space surrounding 90% of the central region.

[0081] The remaining area surrounded by the edge area can be referred to as the central area or central zone.

[0082] A cooling zone is a region within which the gas flow path is extended, increasing the residence time of exhaust products and achieving a higher degree of cooling effect. In this document, "extended" means that the exhaust products do not flow along the shortest direct path (e.g., the shortest direct path from their current or defined location to an outlet or another defined location). For example, multiple baffles can extend the gas flow path, causing the gas to flow over a greater distance, thereby increasing the residence time and also increasing the flow area, which can improve heat dissipation and thus enhance cooling. In some embodiments, the cooling zone can be provided in the central area of ​​an enclosed space. In some embodiments, the cooling zone can be provided in the edge or corner areas. Several cooling zones can be fluidly connected to each other and can form a flow path between the inlet and outlet.

[0083] The storage area can be a region where turbulence occurs. Turbulence can occur when the flow of the medium is disturbed. For example, turbulence can be caused by a combination of obstacles (e.g., multiple baffles) and internal friction. This phenomenon, known as the turbulence effect, can lead to chaotic and nonlinear flow patterns. Turbulence is the motion of a fluid, where turbulence occurs over a wide range of size scales. This type of flow can be characterized by a three-dimensional flow field with components that appear to vary randomly in time and space. Turbulence can be caused by the flow at a certain distance from the overflow surface of multiple baffles having a different velocity compared to the flow near the baffle surface. The Reynolds number can be used to determine whether a turbulent state exists. At high Reynolds numbers, the boundary layer flow is turbulent. For this purpose, the baffles can be approximated as longitudinal overflow plates, such that it can be said that from a Reynolds number of 5 × 10⁻⁶, the flow is turbulent. 5 Turbulence begins to exist. Because the Reynolds number is a dimensionless parameter, it can be determined using common (e.g., all common) flow velocity measurement methods.

[0084] In some embodiments, the baffles may be made of a heat-resistant material (e.g., steel) that can withstand temperatures that may occur in the event of thermal runaway. For example, the baffles may be made of a heat-resistant material that can withstand temperatures above about 600°C, about 800°C, or about 1000°C.

[0085] In some embodiments, the baffles may be plate-shaped, making them behave like overflow plates. However, this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the baffles may be convex or concave or have other shapes.

[0086] The chassis protection plate can be made of a heat-resistant material (e.g., steel) that can withstand temperatures that may occur during thermal runaway. The chassis protection plate can be made of a heat-resistant material that can withstand temperatures above about 600°C, about 800°C, or about 1000°C. In some embodiments, cooling can be provided by external air flowing over the underside of the chassis protection plate. As a result, heat transfer can be further improved by turbulence within the enclosed space.

[0087] Chassis protection plates can come in various shapes, such as rectangles, squares, ovals, polygons, etc.

[0088] The central area where the exit is located can be the area of ​​the chassis protection plate, including the geometric center.

[0089] During thermal runaway of a battery cell in a battery system, thermal exhaust products, including particles and aluminum droplets among other substances and in gaseous form with a temperature of approximately 1000°C, can exit the battery cell and be guided to the battery system outlet by a region serving as a filter section to reduce (e.g., minimize) the number of particles leaving the battery system and to cool the gas to prevent it from causing a fire to the outside. For this purpose, hot particles can be filtered by various baffles (e.g., various specially arranged and configured baffles) that induce turbulence in the filter region to separate particles and gas, and allow the escaping gas to be cooled over a longer path before leaving the battery system.

[0090] As used herein, the term "particle" refers to both solid particles and liquid droplets. Furthermore, the term "gas" is used synonymously with "exhaust product," "emission gas," and "exhaust gas."

[0091] A stream or flow of exhaust products (e.g., a gas stream (or exhaust gas stream) or a gas flow (or exhaust gas flow)) can refer to a continuous or intermittent volumetric or mass flow of substances released during a thermal runaway event. An exhaust product stream can consist of both solid components (e.g., particles such as electrolyte residues or electrode fragments) and fluids (e.g., gaseous and liquid components).

[0092] In some embodiments, as described above, exhaust products can be collected and discharged, for example, via an exhaust gas path. For instance, exhaust products can be collected and discharged via an exhaust gas path channel or (at least partially) via an exhaust space, and supplied through an inlet to an enclosed space serving as a separator or filter. In the enclosed space, hot particles can be cooled, partially separated, and retained, and the residence time of particles and gases can be prolonged to reduce their flammability. In other words, devices (e.g., structures such as multiple baffles) can be provided to guide exhaust products from the battery cell to at least one inlet.

[0093] By increasing turbulence, particles can experience increased swirling. Furthermore, turbulence prevents particles from remaining suspended and may cause them to collide with the walls relatively frequently due to gravity. As a result, they may experience some momentum loss, which could delay their transport. After a baffle, the separation of exhaust product streams (e.g., gas streams) within an enclosed space can also be increased. For example, the exhaust product stream can be combined with a negative backflow. As a result, particles may experience further delay and thus achieve a separation effect.

[0094] The embodiments of this disclosure enable the battery system to have the ability (e.g., during a thermal runaway event) to separate and store hot particles from exhaust gas within a filter section. The filter section may be equipped with baffles to ensure gas flow (e.g., turbulent gas flow) and to cool the exhaust gas (e.g., to cool the exhaust gas before it leaves the battery system).

[0095] In some implementations, the operating principle can be similar to that of mass force separation, whereby particles suspended in the gas are no longer able to follow the flow and deposit on the internal components or walls. Particles can be distinguished based on the effective transport force of gravity, inertia, and centrifugal force. The mass force responsible for particle separation can act laterally or in the opposite direction on the flow resistance and can be proportional to the particle mass, such that the corresponding force is proportional to the cube of the particle diameter. This separation principle can be effective (e.g., particularly effective) for separating particles with an aerodynamic diameter of at least about 2 micrometers (μm). For particles of this size, the effect of diffusion can be neglected. Among other substances (e.g., among other types of particles), graphite particles with dimensions of about 1 μm to 6 μm and liquid aluminum droplets with dimensions of about 1 millimeter (mm) to 3 mm may also appear (e.g., may be present) in the exhaust products. Agglomerates of up to about 10 mm may also occur in the inlet.

[0096] In some implementations, depending on their design, baffles can act as inertial or deflecting separators, where the flow is deflected so that particles suspended in the gas cannot follow the flow and are separated. For example, one or more baffles may include one or more sections (e.g., curved sections) for deflecting the flow path of exhaust products. Separation of particles, droplets, or dust from the flowing exhaust gas can occur due to inertial forces, as the flow of the fluid components of the exhaust product flow (e.g., the flow of the fluid components of the gas flow) within an enclosed space can be deflected by the baffles. In some implementations, the operating principle may be based on the fact that particles suspended in the exhaust gas are no longer able to follow the changing flow due to their inertia. Particles may deposit on internal components or walls, or be separated in a concentrated form within a portion of the flow.

[0097] In other words, in some embodiments, the battery system may provide a filter section with baffles to induce turbulent gas flow to separate particles. In some embodiments, the section in the filter system may serve as a particle storage and exhaust path extension to cool the gas flow.

[0098] In some implementations, the gas can expand, and there can be stagnant zones (e.g., sloping zones) within the enclosed space where particles can settle. Even if these stagnant zones (e.g., storage areas) are filled with dust, a free path can still be maintained between the inlet and outlet, preventing the enclosed space from becoming blocked.

[0099] The embodiments of this disclosure enable or enhance the separation of hot particles with high temperatures and exhaust gases with high temperatures before they leave the system, such high temperatures being, for example, temperatures exceeding (e.g., greater than or equal to) 1000°C. As the gas temperature further decreases and no or fewer hot particles leave the battery pack, the risk of external fire can be reduced.

[0100] Because of the central arrangement of the outlet, a certain distance (e.g., a suitable or safe distance) can be maintained from the outlet (in a typical battery system arrangement, e.g., in a system or vehicle) to an area accessible to a person. For example, the battery system can be accessed only along its outer perimeter (e.g., its outer edge), so that in the event of venting, the gas can escape centrally below the battery pack, rather than in an area near a person who might be nearby (e.g., an adjacent area).

[0101] In the event of a chassis / bumper incident, multiple baffles, or in other words, vertical guide vanes, can be used to support the chassis protection plate. Therefore, the vertical guide vanes can serve as a deformable structure between the chassis protection plate and the underside of the battery pack (e.g., a base plate or cooling plate).

[0102] In some embodiments, the entrance is located in the area of ​​the outer perimeter (e.g., outer edge) of the chassis protection plate. In some embodiments, the entrance may be located only in the area of ​​the outer perimeter of the chassis protection plate (in the case of several entrances). The edge (e.g., rim) of the chassis protection plate may include the entrance. In embodiments with multiple entrances, some entrances may be provided on a first side (e.g., a first long side) of the enclosed space, and some additional entrances may be provided on a second side (e.g., a second long side) opposite the first side.

[0103] Therefore, some exhaust products can be directed out of the exhaust space in different horizontal directions (e.g., in a direction opposite to a horizontal direction) and then into the enclosed space via other inlets in a vertically downward direction. In some embodiments, the same number of inlets can be provided on each long side. In some embodiments, one to five, two to four, or three inlets can be provided on each long side. By arranging the inlets in areas of the outer perimeter (e.g., the outer edge) and the outlets in the central area, sufficient flow paths can exist between the inlets and outlets to ensure cooling and separation, while maintaining a certain distance from the outlets in a typical battery system arrangement (e.g., in a system or vehicle) to areas accessible to humans. For example, the battery system can be accessed only along its outer perimeter (e.g., its outer edge), such that in the case of exhaust, the gas escapes centrally below the battery pack, rather than in an area immediately adjacent to a person who might be nearby.

[0104] In some embodiments, at least one of the baffles includes a roughened surface. For example, the roughened surface may have a surface roughness greater than about 0.5 mm. Surface roughness measurement may be in the form of a line profile (e.g., the measurement may be performed based on the line profile) and may be a three-dimensional roughness measurement of a plane. The evaluation of the profile analysis may be based on the standards DIN EN ISO 4287 for line profiles and DIN EN ISO 25178 for three-dimensional surface roughness measurement. The standards may also define parameters for the roughness measurement. For example, ISO 25178 defines the surface-related roughness value Sa via the arithmetic mean of the topographic height z(x,y). Suitable optical measurement methods include confocal microscopy, etc. In some embodiments, the surface roughness value Sa may be greater than about 0.6 mm. In some embodiments, the surface roughness value Sa may be greater than about 0.8 mm. In some embodiments, the surface roughness value Sa may be greater than 1 mm. Roughness can further increase turbulence, which can improve the aforementioned deposition effect.

[0105] In some embodiments, the region of one or more baffles may be located downstream or closer to the outlet, and may have a higher surface roughness than the region of the one or more baffles arranged upstream or closer to the inlet. In some embodiments, the region of one or more baffles located downstream of the one or more baffles may have a higher roughness than the region of the one or more baffles located upstream of the one or more baffles. In some embodiments, the one or more baffles may have a higher roughness in the storage region than in the cooling region and / or in the supply region. This configuration of baffle surface roughness can prevent inlet blockage due to separation and can achieve a higher separation effect in other regions.

[0106] In some embodiments, at least one of the baffles may be arranged (e.g., positioned) such that rotation is introduced into the exhaust products to form a centrifugal and / or inertial separator. For example, the arrangement of one or more baffles may be configured (e.g., provided) to produce (e.g., induce) a swirling flow pattern (e.g., induce rotation). Swirls are rotationally symmetric flows with a circumferential component. Similar to swirls in pipes, in many cases, in addition to the circumferential component, an axial component of the flow velocity may also exist. Then, compared to a stagnant flow at the same velocity, the flowing particles can travel along a helical path and cover a greater distance along the pipe wall within a given pipe length. This can result in greater pressure losses. Similar to cyclone separators or centrifugal separators, the gas flow can be set into a rotational motion due to its own velocity after entering the device. Particles suspended in the gas can be partially separated due to the centrifugal force acting on them. Vortexes can occur, for example, during flow in a cyclone separator. A gas flow carrying particles (e.g., air containing dust) can enter a circular path tangentially. The particles can be thrown outwards by centrifugal force and captured. Radial pressure differential can play a role here (e.g., an important one).

[0107] In some implementations, the baffle may have an inclination to induce rotation. An inclination or tilt refers to an angled position relative to the z-axis, such that a directional component is generated in the z-axis direction in addition to the directional components in the x-axis and y-axis directions.

[0108] In some embodiments, at least one of the baffles includes a guiding element designed to exert (e.g., be configured to cause) rotational motion on the flow of exhaust products (e.g., on a gas flow). In some embodiments, the guiding element may be arranged (e.g., positioned) such that rotation is introduced into the exhaust products to form (e.g., to form) centrifugal separators and / or inertial separators. For example, one or more baffles may include structural elevations, such as ramps (e.g., as guiding elements), that locally deflect the flow, such that a further directional component is applied to the flow (e.g., to the gas flow). In some embodiments, one or more baffles may include guiding elements, such as ramps, to generate (e.g., cause) swirling flow (as described above). In some embodiments, the guiding element may be aligned such that it applies a directional component to the flow in the z-direction (e.g., in a direction pointing upwards or downwards relative to the battery pack). In some embodiments, the guiding element may be a guide vane. For example, one or more baffles may include guide vanes.

[0109] In some implementations, a guiding element may be disposed on a portion of at least one baffle that is positioned closer to the inlet than the outlet (e.g., located). This portion may indicate (e.g., may be positioned on) a region of the baffle that is upstream of or closer to the inlet than a region of the baffle that is downstream of or closer to the outlet, and / or may indicate (e.g., may be positioned on) a region of the baffle located on the upstream side of the baffle. Positioning the guiding element on the upstream region of the baffle can affect the flow (e.g., gas flow) in the initial region of the baffle (e.g., the upstream region), allowing an increased (e.g., greater) influence to be exerted on that flow.

[0110] In some embodiments, at least one pair of baffles forms a gas flow path, such as a spiral path. The gas flow path may extend partially or completely between the inlet and outlet. In other words, a channel, flow path, or flow conduit may be formed by the baffles (e.g., a pair of baffles). For example, two baffles may form a flow channel, flow path, or flow conduit. In some embodiments, the baffles may connect a chassis protection plate to a base plate (or cooling plate) to form a channel with a flow cross-section (e.g., a rectangular flow cross-section) corresponding to the shape of the chassis protection plate and the base plate or cooling plate. In some embodiments, such a channel may have a rectangular cross-sectional area that can be larger than about 50 mm × about 20 mm to reduce (e.g., avoid) the chance of blockage. However, the cross-section is not limited to a rectangular shape and may be other shapes. In some embodiments, a spiral shape may be provided to further increase separation due to inertia and centrifugal force. In some embodiments, the baffles may have cuts or interruptions. According to some aspects of embodiments of this disclosure, the gas flow path may still exist if the baffles extend more than 50% along their route and therefore have less than 50% interruption relative to their extension along the x and y directions (e.g., along their respective lengths).

[0111] In some embodiments, the battery system may include a grid element extending between a chassis protection plate and a base plate (or cooling plate), and may be arranged between an inlet and an outlet to guide (e.g., redirect) exhaust products emitted by at least one battery cell in the event of thermal runaway (e.g., during thermal runaway). In some embodiments, the grid element may extend at least partially or completely between the chassis protection plate and the base plate (or cooling plate). The grid element arranged between the inlet and outlet may filter exhaust products. In some embodiments, the grid element may be arranged between at least one pair of a plurality of baffles. Dust or particles may deposit particularly in areas having a grid-like structure. Therefore, deposition can be enhanced by arranging such a structure (e.g., grid element) in areas where deposition is desired (e.g., non-blocking). For example, such areas (e.g., non-blocking regions) may exist when the flow cross-section expands. For example, two baffles may form a flow channel, whereby the distance between the two baffles increases in the downstream direction (e.g., where the flow cross-section expands). Such areas may also be referred to as extended regions. Grid-like elements can be arranged in this region (e.g., in the extension region) such that the grid-like elements do not cause clogging, but rather increase particle separation and deposition. Deposition may also be desired in the edge regions to allow flow paths to remain free between inlets. Therefore, grid-like elements can be arranged in edge regions and / or storage regions.

[0112] In some embodiments, at least one of the baffles may include a curved section designed to deflect the flow path of the exhaust products, thereby deflecting the flowing gas. Due to the inertia of the particles, they may accumulate in the curved section and may slow down relative to the gas flow, resulting in improved particle separation.

[0113] In some implementations, another of the multiple baffles may be arranged downstream of a curved section of one of the baffles, thereby dividing the flow path of the exhaust products. The curved section allows particles to accumulate in a portion of the gas flow within a cross-section, while the other baffle allows the gas flow to continue separately. A portion of the gas flow may then have a higher concentration of particles and can be separately conveyed to, for example, a storage area, while another portion of the gas flow may have a lower concentration of particles, allowing this portion of the gas flow to continue independently.

[0114] In some implementations, the curved section may have a radius of curvature such that the deflection angle of the exhaust products flowing through the flow path is less than about 180°, for example less than about 135°, for example less than about 100°. This can provide suitable deflection so that the exhaust products and particles can be subjected to inertial forces that improve separation.

[0115] In some embodiments, at least one of the baffles includes a surface filter and / or a depth filter (e.g., one or more surface filters and / or one or more depth filters) on its surface. The surface filter can be configured to separate dust particles almost exclusively on the surface of the filter. For example, the surface filter can form a dust layer with determinable (e.g., largely determinable) filtration performance. Conversely, the separated dust can be deposited within the filter structure of the depth filter. For the depth filter, the filtration properties can be determined by the internal composition of the filter. The depth filter can include entanglements of synthetic fibers, glass fibers, or even metal fibers. The diameter of the fibers can range from a few (e.g., less than 10) μm to about 50 μm. In some embodiments, nanofibers having a diameter of about 0.05 μm to about 1.0 μm can be included in one or more baffles. In some embodiments, nanofibers can be used in combination with coarser fibers, which can improve (e.g., can ensure) the stability of the filter. The fibers can occupy a small percentage (e.g., a small percentage) of the filter volume. In some embodiments, the distance between the fibers can be about 2 to about 10 fiber diameters and can be much larger than the particles to be separated. Therefore, particle separation in a depth filter may not be achieved through a sieving effect. Instead, the separation process on the individual fibers may be decisive for separation (e.g., may lead to separation). The ability of a filter to retain particles can be based on various physical and mechanical phenomena, such as diffusion, interception, inertial effects, and sieving effects. The electrostatic force between the particles and the baffle can also play a role in the filter's ability to retain particles (e.g., from a gas flow). Particles with a diameter larger than the enclosed space within the baffle may not pass through the filter. Larger particles have too much inertial force to follow the gas flow when the gas flow is deflected by the baffle. For example, the particles may continue to move along their original path and adhere to the upstream side of the baffle (e.g., not following the deflected gas flow). The inertial effect can increase with increasing air velocity and larger particle diameter.

[0116] In some embodiments, at least one of the baffles may include perforations. Thus, a baffle, for example in an extension or storage area, may have perforations through it (e.g., the baffle may have perforations therein), and therefore may be a grid-like baffle (e.g., a grid element). For example, the baffle may be a grid-like element having recesses or openings of a regular or irregular pattern therein (e.g., through it). Grid-like baffles (e.g., grid elements) can induce partial gas flow and / or the aforementioned turbulence (e.g., in combination with the aforementioned turbulence). The effects of openings and particle deposition may lead to blockage, potentially forming a completely closed baffle, which could result in complete gas deflection; therefore, from this perspective, residence time and cooling may be improved in addition to particle deposition.

[0117] In some embodiments, at least one of the baffles (e.g., at least one baffle among a plurality of baffles) includes an energy-absorbing deformable structure. For example, the baffle may have a saw blade pattern or a bellows pattern along its height (e.g., along the z-direction). As a result, the baffle may have spring-like characteristics and can absorb impacts through compression and then expand again. Therefore, the energy-absorbing deformable structure can improve the protective function of the chassis protection plate while improving cooling and separation effects.

[0118] In some embodiments, the underside of the chassis protection plate can be configured to conduct heat to outside air (e.g., air outside the battery pack and / or battery system). For example, the underside of the chassis protection plate may include heat transfer elements for conducting heat to outside air. The heat transfer elements may include ribs or fins, etc. The heat transfer elements can provide an increased surface area for heat transfer of exhaust products from the enclosed space to the environment, which can improve cooling efficiency. Simultaneously, the heat transfer elements can improve the protective function of the chassis protection plate.

[0119] Some embodiments of this disclosure provide an electric vehicle that includes a battery system having aspects of some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0120] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a battery system 100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0121] refer to Figure 1 As described above, the battery system 100 may include a battery pack 10. The battery pack 10 may include a housing 11 having a floor 12 and a cover 12', and one or more battery cells 14 (e.g., multiple battery cells 14) housed above the floor 12 and (e.g., at least partially located) within the housing 11. Spacers 15 may be disposed between adjacent battery cells 14. A protective plate (e.g., a chassis protective plate 13) may be disposed below the floor 12 (e.g., in the z-direction) such that the chassis protective plate 13 and the floor 12 are spaced apart to form an enclosed space ES. The enclosed space ES may include one or more inlets 16 (e.g., multiple inlets 16) in fluid communication with the housing 11. The enclosed space ES may include an outlet 17 extending from the battery system 100. The outlet 17 may be disposed (e.g., located) in the central region of the chassis protective plate 13. The battery system 100 may include a plurality of baffles 18 extending (e.g., fully extending) between the chassis protective plate 13 and the floor 12. Baffle 18 may be arranged between inlet 16 and outlet 17 to guide (e.g., redirect) exhaust products VP emitted by at least one of the battery cells 14 in the event of thermal runaway (e.g., during thermal runaway).

[0122] In this document, the spatial relative relationships of the structure of the battery system 100 are described with respect to the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis (e.g., the x-direction, y-direction, and z-direction). For example, "below," "under," "above," and "above" can refer to the z-axis, meaning that "below" refers to the negative z-direction and "above" refers to the positive z-direction.

[0123] In some embodiments, the exhaust space VS is arranged above the battery cells 14 of the battery pack 10. The exhaust space VS may be a chamber (e.g., space or cavity) for collecting exhaust products VP from one or more degassing battery cells 14 (e.g., cells that release gas) for subsequent distribution. The exhaust products VP (e.g., from gas) can then be supplied laterally (e.g., in the horizontal direction) from the exhaust space VS and then in a vertically downward direction via inlet 16 into the enclosed space ES as indicated by the dashed arrow.

[0124] Figure 1 The wide, flat rectangular baffle 18 depicted is intended to schematically show that the baffle 18 can travel in both the x and y directions (e.g., can extend in both the x and y directions).

[0125] Figures 2A to 2F This is a schematic perspective view of the structure of the chassis protection plate 13 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0126] For clarity, in Figures 2A to 2F Not every individual baffle 18, 18' (e.g., baffle 18 and / or baffle 18') is marked with reference numerals. However, it should be clear that... Figures 2A to 2B Which components depicted represent baffles 18, 18' (e.g., based on the markings of baffles 18, 18').

[0127] A pair of baffles 18, 18' forming a flow channel (e.g., a matched pair of baffles 18, 18') may include one baffle 18 (e.g., the first baffle in a pair of baffles) and another baffle 18' (e.g., the second baffle in a pair of baffles).

[0128] The chassis protection plate 13 may have an edge 131 that extends along its perimeter (e.g., its outer edge) and toward the floor (see also...). Figure 1 The edge 131 may include a flange that contacts the base plate 12 for engaging the chassis protection plate 13 to the base plate 12 (e.g., engaging to the base plate 12).

[0129] In some embodiments, a plurality of baffles 18, 18' (e.g., a large number of baffles 18, 18') are provided, which extend from the chassis protection plate 13 in the z-direction (e.g., in the direction toward the base plate 12), which is arranged above and not in the z-direction. Figures 2A to 2F As shown in the figure. Baffles 18 and 18' can contact the base plate 12 in the assembled state (see Figure 12). Figure 1 Each baffle may have different geometric dimensions (e.g., total length) relative to the x and y directions, and their shapes may also differ from each other. One or more of the inlets 16 may be adjacent to (e.g., fluidly connected) by at least one of the baffles 18 and / or 18'. The inflowing exhaust product VP may be turbulent due to the baffles 18, 18', while the region between the inlet 16 and the outlet 17 may remain free and may be flowed through (e.g., gas flow may be permitted).

[0130] Multiple baffles 18, 18' can be connected to the chassis protection plate 13. The multiple baffles 18, 18' can extend along a plane parallel to the plane defined by the chassis protection plate 13, in other words, along the x and / or y directions. The baffles 18, 18' can have long extensions traveling along the x and / or y directions (e.g., a first extension with a first dimension) and can have short extensions traveling in a vertical direction (e.g., in the z direction) (e.g., a second extension with a second dimension). In some embodiments, the first dimension of one or more baffles 18, 18' can be larger than the second dimension.

[0131] Multiple baffles 18, 18' can be arranged and / or configured such that they form so-called storage areas and / or cooling areas. Storage areas can be provided in the edge area EA of the enclosed space ES (see also...). Figure 4 )middle.

[0132] Inlet 16 may be located in the region of the outer perimeter (e.g., outer edge) of the chassis protection plate 13. The edge 131 (also referred to as a margin or flange) of the chassis protection plate 13 may include inlet 16. In some embodiments, three inlets 16 may be provided on a first long edge of the edge 131 corresponding to a first long side of the enclosed space ES, and one inlet 16 may be provided on a second long edge of the edge 131 corresponding to a second long side opposite to the first long side. For example, a long side may include more inlets 16 than the opposite long side.

[0133] Several pairs of baffles 18 and 18' can form gas flow paths. For example, two baffles 18, 18' can form flow channels or flow routes. Baffles 18, 18' can be connected to the chassis protection plate 13 and / or the bottom plate (or cooling plate). For example, baffles 18, 18' can connect the chassis protection plate 13 to the bottom plate or cooling plate. In some embodiments, the cooling plate is arranged between the bottom plate 12 and the chassis protection plate 13, such that a channel with a rectangular flow cross-section can be formed.

[0134] For example, refer to Figure 2A A pair of baffles 18 and 18' can be arranged in a corner region. The baffles 18 and 18' can travel parallel to each other and can have curved sections, wherein one baffle 18 extends further than the other baffle 18'. In some embodiments, an L-shaped baffle can be provided in the lateral edge region EA. Some baffles 18 and 18' can be connected to one side of the respective inlet 16, such that the direct path to the outlet 17 is blocked, thereby increasing the gas flow path (e.g., increasing the length of the gas flow via the path formed by the baffles 18 and 18').

[0135] refer to Figure 2B In some embodiments, some of the baffles 18, 18' may have straight sections that travel parallel to the first or second long side, such that the incoming gas can impact the baffles 18, 18' (e.g., impact the baffles 18, 18' substantially perpendicularly) and be deflected. In some embodiments, there may be a widened extension region following the straight section, from which the direct path to the outlet 17 may also be blocked by the baffles 18, 18', so that deflection may also occur near the outlet 17.

[0136] In some implementations, such as Figure 2C As shown, baffles 18, 18' may have cuts or interruptions. In such an embodiment, the flow path may still exist because the effective physical portion of baffles 18, 18' covers more than 50% of their path; therefore, an interruption of baffles 18, 18' may cover less than 50% of their path.

[0137] Figures 2D to 2F Further variations of baffles 18 and 18' are depicted. For example, see reference... Figure 2D The downstream flow paths of one or more inlets 16 can be positioned to divide the flow paths of the exhaust products guided to outlet 17. (See reference) Figure 2E The distance between a pair of baffles 18 and 18' can be varied along a given flow path. (Reference) Figure 2F The flow path starting from inlet 16 can be divided by the straight edges of baffles 18 and 18' and / or deflected by the curved surfaces of baffles 18 and 18'.

[0138] Figure 3 This is a schematic top view of the structure of a baffle according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0139] refer to Figure 3 In some embodiments, several of the plurality of baffles 18, 18' may further include curved sections. In some embodiments, another baffle 18 of the plurality of baffles may be arranged downstream of the curved section formed by the pair of baffles 18, 18', such that the gas flow path is divided, as indicated by the arrows. In some embodiments, the curved section may cause particles to accumulate in a portion of the gas flow cross-section, such that another downstream baffle 18 dividing the gas flow path may allow the gas flow to continue flowing separately from the path where particles (e.g., some or most of the particles) have accumulated. In such embodiments, a portion of the gas flow may have a higher concentration of particles and may be conveyed separately to, for example, a storage area, while another portion of the gas flow may have a lower concentration of particles, such that it may continue flowing independently of the higher concentration of particles.

[0140] Figure 4 These are schematic top views of the structure of the edge region EA of the chassis protection plate 13 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure and top views of the enclosed space ES.

[0141] refer to Figure 4 The edge region EA may extend along the periphery of the chassis protection plate 13. In some embodiments, the edge region EA may extend from each side edge of the chassis protection plate 13 toward the center of the chassis protection plate 13 or the center of the enclosed space ES. In some embodiments, the chassis protection plate 13 and the corresponding enclosed space ES may be rectangular. In such embodiments, the edge region EA may be formed by a strip (e.g., a strip corresponding to one or more baffles 18, 18') extending around a certain percentage area (e.g., less than about 30%, less than about 20%, or less than about 10%) starting from each of the four side edges of the respective component. For example, in some embodiments, most of the baffles 18, 18' may not be provided within the edge region EA (e.g., they may be mostly provided in the central region).

Claims

1. A battery system, comprising: A battery pack includes a housing and a plurality of individual battery cells, the housing including a base plate, the plurality of individual battery cells being housed within the housing above the base plate; A chassis protection plate, located below and spaced apart from the base plate, forms an enclosed space between the chassis protection plate and the base plate, the enclosed space including an inlet fluidly connected to the housing and an outlet leading out from the battery system, the outlet being located in the central region of the chassis protection plate; as well as Multiple baffles extend between the chassis protection plate and the base plate and are configured to guide exhaust products emitted by at least one of the battery cells to the outlet between the inlet and the outlet.

2. The battery system according to claim 1, wherein, The inlet is located at the outer perimeter of the chassis protection plate.

3. The battery system according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the plurality of baffles includes a roughened surface having a surface roughness greater than 0.5 mm.

4. The battery system according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the plurality of baffles is configured to rotate the exhaust products.

5. The battery system according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the plurality of baffles forms a guiding element, which is configured to induce rotational motion in the flow of the exhaust products.

6. The battery system according to claim 1, wherein, At least two of the plurality of baffles form a gas flow path.

7. The battery system of claim 1, further comprising a grid element extending between the chassis protection plate and the base plate, and configured to guide the exhaust products emitted by at least one of the battery cells to the outlet.

8. The battery system according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the plurality of baffles has a curved section for deflecting the flow path of the exhaust products.

9. The battery system according to claim 8, wherein, One of the plurality of baffles, located downstream of the curved section, is configured to divide the flow path of the exhaust products.

10. The battery system according to claim 8, wherein, The curved section has a radius of curvature that causes the deflection angle of the exhaust products flowing through the flow path to be less than 180°.

11. The battery system according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the plurality of baffles includes a surface filter and / or a depth filter.

12. The battery system according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the plurality of baffles includes a perforation.

13. The battery system according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the plurality of baffles includes an energy-absorbing deformation structure.

14. The battery system according to claim 1, wherein, The underside of the chassis protection plate includes a heat transfer element configured to conduct heat to the outside air.

15. An electric vehicle comprising a battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

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