Housing structure, battery, battery pack, and electric device

Abstract

The application discloses a shell structure, a battery, a battery pack and a power utilization device. The shell structure comprises a base layer and a protective layer. At least one side of the end of the base layer is provided with a notch groove, and the notch groove is recessed relative to the surface of the base layer. The protective layer is arranged on at least one side of the base layer. The protective layer comprises a first region and a second region, the first region covers the notch groove, and the second region is arranged around the first region. The thickness T1 of the first region is greater than the thickness T2 of the second region.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to a battery casing structure, a battery, a battery pack, and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] The battery casing has explosion-proof grooves, which create thinning zones to achieve directional pressure relief during explosion. Because the corresponding areas of the casing structure are thinner and have lower structural strength, and the scoring process introduces residual stress and microscopic defects into these areas, corrosion easily occurs when internal electrolyte or external corrosive substances come into contact with them. This further reduces the effective thickness of the area and expands the corrosion pits, causing uncontrollable drift in the explosion-proof valve's burst threshold, reducing explosion-proof reliability and consistency. In severe cases, the scored area may rupture prematurely under normal operating pressure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address at least one of the aforementioned problems, embodiments of this application provide a battery casing structure, a battery, a battery pack, and an electrical device.

[0004] This application provides a battery casing structure. The casing structure includes a base layer and a protective layer. At least one side of the end of the base layer has a groove, which is recessed relative to the surface of the base layer. The protective layer is disposed on at least one side of the base layer. The protective layer includes a first region and a second region, the first region covering the groove, and the second region surrounding the first region. The thickness T1 of the first region is greater than the thickness T2 of the second region.

[0005] In some implementations, the thickness T1 of the first region satisfies: 3μm≤T1≤8μm.

[0006] In some implementations, the thickness T2 of the second region satisfies: 2μm≤T2≤6μm.

[0007] In some embodiments, the thickness T1 of the first region and the thickness T2 of the second region satisfy: 1 <T1 / T2≤4。

[0008] In some embodiments, the thickness T1 of the first region and the thickness T of the end of the base layer satisfy: 0.0001 <T1 / T≤0.001。

[0009] In some embodiments, the thickness T2 of the second region and the thickness T of the end of the base layer satisfy: 0.0001 <T2 / T≤0.001。

[0010] In some implementations, the thickness T1 of the first region, the thickness T2 of the second region, and the thickness T of the end of the base layer satisfy: 0.00005 < (T1-T2) / T ≤ 0.0005.

[0011] In some implementations, the thickness T1 of the first region satisfies: 4μm≤T1≤6μm.

[0012] In some implementations, the thickness T2 of the second region satisfies: 3μm≤T2≤5μm.

[0013] In some embodiments, the thickness T1 of the first region and the thickness T2 of the second region satisfy: 2 <T1 / T2<3。

[0014] In some embodiments, the coverage area S1 of the first region on the base layer and the surface area S2 of the end of the base layer satisfy: 2% ≤ S1 / S2 ≤ 10%.

[0015] In some embodiments, in the longitudinal section of the end of the base layer, the first region extends protrudingly from both sides of the groove and covers at least a portion of the surface of the base layer at the edge of the groove, the longitudinal section being parallel to the thickness direction of the end of the base layer. The protrusion distance D1 of the first region relative to one side edge of the groove satisfies: 0.5μm ≤ D1 ≤ 2μm; and / or, the distance D2 between the edge of the first region and the edge of the end of the base layer satisfies: 3mm ≤ D2 ≤ 20mm.

[0016] In some implementations, the first region is made of the same material as the second region.

[0017] In some implementations, both the first region and the second region are nickel layers.

[0018] In some embodiments, the porosity P1 of the first region satisfies: 0.1% ≤ P1 ≤ 5%.

[0019] In some embodiments, the porosity P2 of the second region satisfies: 0.3% ≤ P2 ≤ 10%.

[0020] In some embodiments, the porosity P1 of the first region satisfies: 1% ≤ P1 ≤ 3%.

[0021] In some embodiments, the porosity P2 of the second region satisfies: 2% ≤ P2 ≤ 5%.

[0022] In some embodiments, when the protective layer is disposed on the outside or inside of the base layer and the scoring groove is disposed on the same side of the base layer as the protective layer, the first region covers the groove wall of the scoring groove but does not fill the scoring groove; when the protective layer is disposed on the outside or inside of the base layer and the scoring groove is disposed on different sides of the base layer as the protective layer, the first region covers at least a portion of the base layer corresponding to the scoring groove; when the protective layer is disposed on both the outside and inside of the base layer, the first region of the protective layer located on the same side as the scoring groove covers the groove wall of the scoring groove but does not fill the scoring groove, or exposes the groove wall of the scoring groove; the scoring groove also penetrates the base layer; or, the scoring groove does not penetrate the base layer.

[0023] In some embodiments, the protective layer is a nickel layer.

[0024] In some implementations, the base layer is an iron layer.

[0025] In some implementations, the second region is smoothly connected to the edge of the first region.

[0026] In some embodiments, the protective layer further includes a connecting region that connects the second region and the first region, wherein the thickness of the connecting region gradually decreases in the direction from the first region to the second region.

[0027] In some embodiments, the groove is cross-sectioned with a plane perpendicular to the extension direction of the groove, and the inner wall of the groove is U-shaped or V-shaped in the cross-section.

[0028] In some embodiments, the housing structure includes a cover plate and a housing. The housing is connected to the cover plate and includes a bottom wall spaced apart from the cover plate. At least one of the cover plate and the bottom wall includes the base layer and the protective layer.

[0029] Secondly, this application provides a battery comprising the housing structure and electrode assembly described in any of the above embodiments. The electrode assembly is housed within the housing structure.

[0030] In some embodiments, the battery further includes a busbar. The busbar is electrically connected to the electrode assembly. In the height direction of the housing, the busbar is disposed between the electrode assembly and the cover plate of the housing structure. The busbar has a pressure relief hole, which is at least partially opposite the groove in the height direction of the battery.

[0031] Thirdly, this application provides a battery pack. The battery pack includes the battery described in any of the above embodiments.

[0032] Fourthly, this application provides an electrical device. The electrical device includes the battery described in any of the above embodiments; or, the battery pack described in any of the above embodiments.

[0033] In the battery casing structure, battery, battery pack, and electrical equipment of this application, at least one side of the end of the base layer is provided with a groove. The groove is recessed relative to the surface of the base layer, thereby thinning the base layer corresponding to the groove, which can withstand pressure release under extreme conditions to ensure safety. At least one side of the base layer is provided with a protective layer of varying thickness, so that the area corresponding to the groove corresponds to a thicker first area, while the area not corresponding to the groove corresponds to a thinner second area. Therefore, the thicker first area forms a corrosion barrier, effectively resisting chemical and electrochemical corrosion of the base layer corresponding to the groove by the electrolyte or electrolyte vapor, preventing the expansion of corrosion pits and further thinning of the effective thickness. Simultaneously, the protective layer can also repair, to some extent, the damage to the surface of the base layer caused by the groove-score process, thereby ensuring the structural integrity of the groove, ensuring a stable and consistent burst threshold of the casing structure, and improving the explosion-proof reliability and long-term safety of the battery.

[0034] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a battery according to some embodiments of this application; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the battery cut by line II-II; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a partially enlarged view at point III-A of the cross-sectional view of the battery taken by line II-II, and a partially enlarged view at point III-B of the cross-sectional view of the battery taken by line II-II; Figure 4 These are two examples of batteries in other embodiments of this application. Figure 3 (A) is a partial enlarged view of the same part of the cross-sectional view shown. Figure 5 These are two examples of batteries in other embodiments of this application. Figure 3(A) is a partial enlarged view of the same part of the cross-sectional view shown. Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a battery pack according to some embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of an electrical device according to some embodiments of this application.

[0036] The reference numerals in the detailed embodiments are as follows: 10,000 electrical devices; 1,000 battery packs; 100 batteries; 30 electrode assemblies; 50 junction boxes; Shell structure 10; Cover plate 11; Shell 13; Bottom wall 131; Score groove 193; Base layer 194; Protective layer 195; First region 1951; Second region 1953; Altitude direction Z. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0038] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "length", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0039] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0040] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0041] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0042] The battery casing structure is provided with explosion-proof grooves, which achieve directional explosion pressure relief by forming a thinning zone. Because the thickness and structural strength of some areas of the casing structure corresponding to the grooves are relatively thin, and the scoring process introduces residual stress and microscopic defects into these areas, corrosion easily occurs when internal electrolyte or external corrosive substances come into contact with this area. This leads to further thinning of the effective thickness of the area and expansion of corrosion pits, causing uncontrollable drift in the explosion-proof valve's burst threshold, reducing explosion-proof reliability and consistency. In severe cases, the scored area may rupture prematurely under normal operating pressure. To solve the above problems, this application provides a battery casing structure 10 ( Figures 1 to 5 As shown), battery 100 ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown), battery pack 1000 ( Figure 6 (as shown) and electrical equipment 10000 ( Figure 7 (As shown).

[0043] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5This application provides a casing structure 10 for a battery 100. The casing structure 10 includes a base layer 194 and a protective layer 195. At least one side of the end of the base layer 194 is provided with a groove 193, the groove 193 being recessed relative to the surface of the base layer 194. The protective layer 195 is disposed on at least one side of the base layer 194. The protective layer 195 includes a first region 1951 and a second region 1953, the first region 1951 covering the groove 193, and the second region 1953 surrounding the first region 1951. The thickness T1 of the first region 1951 is greater than the thickness T2 of the second region 1953.

[0044] Battery 100 is an electrochemical device that directly converts internally stored chemical energy into direct current electrical energy. The core structure of battery 100 for the electrochemical reaction is the electrode assembly 30 housed within the casing structure 10. The electrode assembly 30 typically consists of one or more independent units capable of undergoing electrochemical reactions, each unit including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator (not shown). Battery 100 also includes an electrolyte. The electrolyte includes, but is not limited to, lithium salts, organic solvents, and additives. After formation, the electrode assembly 30 has gaps, allowing the electrolyte to enter and wet the electrode assembly 30, ensuring that ions can move freely during charging and discharging. Through a controlled electrochemical reaction, battery 100 establishes a potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes, thereby continuously providing electrical energy to the device being powered when connected to an external circuit. The specific properties of battery 100 and electrode assembly 30 will be described in detail below.

[0045] The housing structure 10 is a structure in the battery 100 used to house other structures besides the housing structure 100. The housing structure 10 can be made of materials such as, but are not limited to, steel, aluminum alloy, and polymer materials. Among them, the steel housing structure 10 has excellent compressive strength; the aluminum alloy housing structure 10 has the characteristics of low density, good thermal conductivity, and easy processing and forming; the polymer material housing structure 10 has the advantages of good insulation performance and high chemical stability, and is suitable for specific consumer electronics fields. Figure 1 In this application, the overall shape of the shell structure 10 is exemplified as a cylinder. However, the overall shape of the shell structure 10 can also be a cube or other shapes, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0046] The base layer 194 is the core load-bearing structure of the housing structure 10 and is used to form a sealed space to accommodate the electrode assembly 30. The size and shape of the base layer 194 affect the overall size and shape of the housing structure 10, and directly affect the maximum size that the electrode assembly 30 can be set in, thereby affecting the energy density of the battery 100. The material of the base layer 194 can be, but is not limited to, the steel, aluminum alloy, and polymer materials mentioned above. Different areas of the base layer 194 can use the same material or different materials, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0047] Along the height Z direction of the battery 100, the base layer 194 includes two opposing ends, wherein at least one end is provided with a groove 193. The groove 193 is a structurally weak groove with a certain depth, shape, and distribution pattern on the base layer 194. The surface of the groove 193 is recessed relative to the end of the base layer 194, and the groove 193 does not penetrate the base layer 194, thus ensuring the airtightness of the housing structure 10. It can be understood that the groove 193 can be located on the outside of the base layer 194 and recessed relative to the outer surface of the base layer 194 towards the center of the housing structure 10, such as... Figure 3 (A) Figure 3 (B) Figure 4 (A) Figure 5 (A) and Figure 5 As shown in (B); the groove 193 can also be provided on the inner side of the base layer 194 and recessed relative to the inner surface of the base layer 194 in a direction away from the center of the shell structure 10, such as Figure 4 As shown in (B). Exemplarily, the notched groove 193 is formed by mechanical stamping or laser processing.

[0048] The function of the groove 193 is to allow for controlled plastic deformation and precise rupture along the groove line when the battery 100 experiences a rapid increase in gas pressure due to abnormal conditions such as internal short circuits or overcharging. This releases the high-pressure gas in a directional manner, effectively preventing the battery 100's casing structure 10 from exploding or scattering, thus ensuring safe use. The geometric parameters of the groove 193, such as the remaining wall thickness, groove angle, and fillet radius, need to be precisely calculated and tested to ensure that it maintains structural integrity under normal operating pressure and reliably opens when the set burst pressure is reached.

[0049] However, the remaining wall thickness of the area corresponding to the groove 193 is significantly lower than that of other areas of the base layer 194, resulting in a decrease in the static load and fatigue strength margin of this area. Simultaneously, the plastic deformation and thermal effects generated during the forming process of the groove 193 leave a high residual tensile stress field and microscopic deformation within the material, making this area prone to pitting or stress corrosion cracking. When corrosive substances, such as the electrolyte inside the battery 100 or corrosive media outside the battery 100, come into contact with this area, this weak area is easily corroded, further reducing structural strength and reliability, and causing uncontrollable drift in the opening pressure threshold of the explosion-proof valve, disrupting the consistency of burst pressure indicators among mass-produced products. Under extreme conditions, accumulated damage can reduce its strength below the normal operating internal pressure, inducing unexpected premature opening and constituting an inherent defect in system-level sealing reliability. To address this problem, this application proposes a corrosion-resistant, burst-threshold-stable housing structure 10 to improve the explosion-proof reliability and long-term safety of the battery 100 using this housing structure 10.

[0050] The protective layer 195 is at least a partial structure in the housing structure 10 used to protect the base layer 194. The protective layer 195 is stacked on top of and covers the base layer 194 in the thickness direction of the base layer 194. It can be understood that the base layer 194 can be disposed on its inner surface to protect it from corrosion by the electrolyte inside the housing structure 10; the base layer 194 can be disposed on its outer surface to protect it from corrosion by corrosive media in the external environment; or the base layer 194 can be disposed on both its inner and outer surfaces simultaneously to protect it from corrosion by both the electrolyte inside the housing structure 10 and corrosive media in the external environment. In this case, the protective layer 195, with its excellent corrosion resistance, provides protection to the base layer 194, greatly improving the overall corrosion resistance of the housing structure 10, preventing corrosion damage to the housing 13, and significantly enhancing the reliability and service life of the battery 100.

[0051] The first region 1951 is at least a partial structure of the protective layer 195 that covers at least a portion of the base layer 194 corresponding to the notched groove 193 (hereinafter referred to as the notched area). The second region 1953 is at least a partial structure of the protective layer 195 that does not cover the notched area, and the second region 1953 is disposed around the first region 1951. The first region 1951 and the second region 1953 can be formed simultaneously or separately, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0052] For example, in some implementations, please refer to Figure 3 (A) and Figure 3(B) The groove 193 is disposed on the outer side of the base layer 194, the protective layer 195 is disposed on the outer side of the base layer 194, and the first region 1951 at least covers the region where the groove 193 is located; in other embodiments, the groove 193 is disposed on the outer side of the base layer 194, the protective layer 195 is disposed on the inner side of the base layer 194, and the first region 1951 at least covers the region where the groove 193 is located (see reference). Figure 3 (A) and Figure 5 (A) By analogy); In some other embodiments, the notch 193 is disposed on the outer side of the base layer 194, the protective layer 195 is disposed on both the inner and outer sides of the base layer 194, and the first region 1951 at least covers the region where the notch 193 is located (see reference). Figure 5 (A) and Figure 5 (B)); In some other embodiments, the notch 193 is disposed on the inner side of the base layer 194, the protective layer 195 is disposed on the outer side of the base layer 194, and the first region 1951 at least covers the region where the notch 193 is located (see reference). Figure 5 Figure (B)); In some other embodiments, the groove 193 is disposed inside the base layer 194, the protective layer 195 is disposed inside the base layer 194, and the first region 1951 at least covers the region where the groove 193 is located (see Figure (B)). Figure 4 (B) and Figure 5 (A) By analogy); In some other embodiments, the notch 193 is disposed on the inner side of the base layer 194, the protective layer 195 is disposed on both the inner and outer sides of the base layer 194, and the first region 1951 at least covers the region where the notch 193 is located (see reference). Figure 4 (B) and Figure 5 (A) Make an analogy).

[0053] When the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 is greater than the thickness T2 of the second region 1953, the first region 1951 strengthens the base layer 194 of the scored area. Compared to the second region 1953, it more effectively isolates the scored area from corrosion by the electrolyte and / or corrosive media, ensuring the structural integrity of the scored area and preventing further thinning of the base layer 194. Simultaneously, the protective layer 195 can also repair, to some extent, the damage to the surface of the base layer 194 caused by the scoring process, reducing the risk of stress-induced cracking of the base layer 194 in the scored area. Therefore, the casing structure 10 can have a stable and consistent burst threshold, improving the explosion-proof reliability and long-term safety of the battery 100.

[0054] In the casing structure 10 of the battery 100 of this application, at least one side of the end of the base layer 194 is provided with a groove 193. The groove 193 is recessed relative to the surface of the base layer 194, thereby thinning the base layer 194 corresponding to the groove 193, which can withstand pressure release under extreme conditions to ensure safety. At least one side of the base layer 194 is provided with a protective layer 195 of varying thickness, so that the area corresponding to the groove 193 corresponds to a thicker first area 1951, and the area not corresponding to the groove 193 corresponds to a thinner second area 1953. Therefore, the thicker first area 1951 forms a corrosion barrier, effectively resisting the chemical and electrochemical corrosion of the base layer 194 corresponding to the groove 193 by the electrolyte or electrolyte vapor, preventing the expansion of corrosion pits and further thinning of the effective thickness. Meanwhile, the protective layer 195 can also repair the damage to the surface of the base layer 194 caused by the scoring process to a certain extent, thereby ensuring the structural integrity of the scoring groove 193, ensuring the stability and consistency of the burst threshold of the shell structure 10, and improving the explosion-proof reliability and long-term safety of the battery 100.

[0055] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 In some implementations, the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 satisfies: 3μm≤T1≤8μm.

[0056] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The thickness T1 of the first region 1951 is shown. The thickness T1 of the first region 1951 is related to the protective effect of the first region 1951 on the scored area, and affects the corrosion resistance, structural integrity, and explosion-proof reliability of the scored area, as well as the portability and economy of the battery 100. The thickness T1 of the first region 1951 can be, but is not limited to, any one or any two of the following: 3μm, 3.5μm, 4μm, 4.5μm, 5μm, 5.5μm, 6μm, 6.5μm, 7μm, 7.5μm, and 8μm.

[0057] When the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 meets the above-mentioned range, the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 is more suitable. The molding process of the first region 1951 is simple and the yield rate is high. Moreover, the first region 1951 can at least provide good protection for the etched area, ensuring the structural integrity and explosion-proof reliability of the etched area, and ensuring the contribution of the etched groove 193 to improving the safety of the battery 100. At the same time, the space size and weight occupied by the protective layer 195 are more suitable, the overall size and weight of the battery 100 are smaller, the battery 100 has better portability and lower processing cost.

[0058] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 In some implementations, the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 satisfies: 4μm≤T1≤6μm.

[0059] As mentioned above, the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 is related to the protective effect of the first region 1951 on the scored area, and affects the corrosion resistance, structural integrity, and explosion-proof reliability of the scored area. It also affects the portability and economy of the battery 100. The thickness T1 of the first region 1951 can be, but is not limited to, any one or any two of the following: 4μm, 4.2μm, 4.4μm, 4.6μm, 4.8μm, 5μm, 5.2μm, 5.4μm, 5.6μm, 5.8μm, and 6μm.

[0060] When the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 meets the above-mentioned range, the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 is further optimized, and the first region 1951 has low molding difficulty and high yield. The first region 1951 has excellent protection effect on the scored area, effectively ensuring the structural integrity and explosion-proof reliability of the scored area. Thus, the safety of the battery 100 is greatly improved through the scored groove 193, and the battery 100 has the advantages of small overall size and weight, good portability, and low processing cost, thus having good economic efficiency and practicality.

[0061] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 In some implementations, the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 satisfies: 2μm≤T2≤6μm.

[0062] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The thickness T2 of the second region 1953 is shown. The thickness T2 of the second region 1953 relates to the protective effect of the second region 1953 on the area of ​​the base layer 194 other than the scored area, and affects the corrosion resistance, processing difficulty, and processing cost of the base layer 194, as well as the portability and economy of the battery 100. The thickness T2 of the second region 1953 can be, but is not limited to, any one or any two of 2μm, 2.5μm, 3μm, 3.5μm, 4μm, 4.5μm, 5μm, 5.5μm, 5.6μm, 5.8μm, and 6μm.

[0063] When the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 meets the above range, the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 is more suitable. The molding process of the second region 1953 is simple and the yield rate is high. Moreover, the second region 1953 can provide good protection for the base layer 194 except for the etched area, effectively improving the corrosion resistance of the base layer 194, avoiding damage to the shell structure 10 caused by electrolyte or corrosive media, improving the reliability and service life of the shell structure 10. At the same time, the overall size and weight of the battery 100 are small, the battery 100 has good portability and low processing cost.

[0064] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4In some implementations, the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 satisfies: 3μm≤T2≤5μm.

[0065] As mentioned above, the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 is related to the protective effect of the second region 1953 on the area of ​​the base layer 194 other than the etched area, and affects the corrosion resistance, processing difficulty, and processing cost of the base layer 194, as well as the portability and economy of the battery 100. The thickness T2 of the second region 1953 can be, but is not limited to, any one or any two of the following: 3μm, 3.2μm, 3.4μm, 3.6μm, 3.8μm, 4μm, 4.2μm, 4.4μm, 4.6μm, 4.8μm, and 5μm.

[0066] With the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 meeting the above-mentioned range, the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 is further optimized, resulting in low molding difficulty and high yield. The second region 1953 provides excellent protection for the base layer 194, effectively ensuring the structural strength and corrosion resistance of the base layer 194, thereby improving the reliability and service life of the casing structure 10. It also gives the battery 100 advantages such as smaller overall size and weight, better portability, and lower processing costs, resulting in better economic efficiency and practicality.

[0067] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 In some embodiments, the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 and the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 satisfy: 1 <T1 / T2≤4。

[0068] As mentioned above, the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 relates to the protective effect of the first region 1951 on the scored area, and affects the corrosion resistance, structural integrity, and explosion-proof reliability of the scored area, as well as the portability and economy of the battery 100. The thickness T2 of the second region 1953 relates to the protective effect of the second region 1953 on the areas of the base layer 194 other than the scored area, and affects the corrosion resistance, processing difficulty, and processing cost of the base layer 194, as well as the portability and economy of the battery 100. The ratio of the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 to the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 can be, but is not limited to, any one or any two of 1.3, 1.6, 1.9, 2, 2.3, 2.6, 2.9, 3, 3.3, 3.6, and 4.

[0069] When the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 and the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 meet the above-mentioned ranges, both the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 and the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 are suitable, and the protective layer 195 has low molding difficulty and high yield. The first region 1951 effectively ensures the structural integrity of the scoring area and the explosion-proof reliability, while the second region 1953 can improve the overall corrosion resistance of the base layer 194, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the battery 100. This also gives the battery 100 advantages such as smaller overall size and weight, better portability, and lower processing costs, resulting in good economic efficiency and practicality.

[0070] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 In some embodiments, the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 and the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 satisfy: 2 <T1 / T2<3。

[0071] In some implementations, the ratio of the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 to the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 may be, but is not limited to, any one or any two of 1.3, 1.6, 1.9, 2, 2.3, 2.6, 2.9, 3, 3.3, 3.6 and 4.

[0072] When the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 and the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 satisfy the above-mentioned range, the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 and the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 are further optimized. At this time, the protective layer 195 has low molding difficulty and high yield. The first region 1951 fully plays the role of ensuring the structural integrity of the etched area and the explosion-proof reliability, while the second region 1953 effectively improves the overall corrosion resistance of the base layer 194, thereby greatly improving the safety and reliability of the battery 100 and giving the battery 100 the advantages of good economy and portability.

[0073] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 In some embodiments, the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 and the thickness T of the end of the base layer 194 satisfy: 0.0001 <T1 / T≤0.001。

[0074] Figure 3 and Figure 4The thickness T of the end of the base layer 194 is shown. The thickness T of the end of the base layer 194 is related to the overall shape of the base layer 194 and affects its structural reliability and strength, as well as the portability and economy of the battery 100. The thickness T1 of the first region 1951 is related to the protective effect of the first region 1951 on the scored area and affects the corrosion resistance, structural integrity, and explosion-proof reliability of the scored area, as well as the portability and economy of the battery 100. The ratio of the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 to the thickness T of the end of the base layer 194 can be, but is not limited to, any one or any two of 0.00012, 0.0002, 0.0003, 0.0004, 0.0005, 0.0006, 0.0007, 0.0008, 0.0009, and 0.001.

[0075] When the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 and the thickness T of the end of the base layer 194 meet the above-mentioned range, both the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 and the thickness T of the end of the base layer 194 are suitable. The molding process of the first region 1951 is simple and has a high yield rate. Moreover, the first region 1951 can provide good protection for the scored area, ensuring the structural integrity and explosion-proof reliability of the scored area. At the same time, the structural reliability and structural strength of the base layer 194 are good, and the spatial dimensions and mass of the shell structure 10 are suitable. The battery 100 has the advantages of high structural strength, good portability, and low processing cost.

[0076] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 In some embodiments, the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 and the thickness T of the end of the base layer 194 satisfy: 0.0001 <T2 / T≤0.001。

[0077] As shown above, the thickness T at the end of the base layer 194 relates to the overall shape of the base layer 194 and affects its structural reliability and strength, as well as the portability and economy of the battery 100. The thickness T2 of the second region 1953 relates to the protective effect of the second region 1953 on the areas of the base layer 194 other than the scored area, and affects the corrosion resistance, processing difficulty, and processing cost of the base layer 194, as well as the portability and economy of the battery 100. The ratio of the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 to the thickness T at the end of the base layer 194 can be, but is not limited to, any one or any two of 0.00012, 0.0002, 0.0003, 0.0004, 0.0005, 0.0006, 0.0007, 0.0008, 0.0009, and 0.001.

[0078] When the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 and the thickness T at the end of the base layer 194 meet the above-mentioned ranges, both the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 and the thickness T at the end of the base layer 194 are suitable. The molding process of the second region 1953 is simple and has a high yield. The second region 1953 provides excellent protection for the base layer 194, effectively ensuring the structural strength and corrosion resistance of the base layer 194. At the same time, the structural reliability and structural strength of the base layer 194 are good, and the spatial dimensions and mass of the shell structure 10 are suitable. The battery 100 has the advantages of high structural strength, good portability, and low processing cost.

[0079] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 In some embodiments, the thickness T1 of the first region 1951, the thickness T2 of the second region 1953, and the thickness T of the end of the base layer 194 satisfy: 0.00005 < (T1-T2) / T ≤ 0.0005.

[0080] In the above embodiments, the properties of the thickness T1 of the first region 1951, the thickness T2 of the second region 1953, and the thickness T of the end of the base layer 194, and their impact on the properties or performance of the battery 100, are described above and will not be repeated here. The ratio of the difference between the thickness T1 of the first region 1951 and the thickness T2 of the second region 1953 to the thickness T of the end of the base layer 194 can be, but is not limited to, any value between any two of 0.000052, 0.00006, 0.00007, 0.00008, 0.00009, 0.0001, 0.0002, 0.0003, 0.0004, and 0.0005.

[0081] When the thickness T1 of the first region 1951, the thickness T2 of the second region 1953, and the thickness T at the end of the base layer 194 all meet the above-mentioned ranges, the thickness T1 of the first region 1951, the thickness T2 of the second region 1953, and the thickness T at the end of the base layer 194 are all suitable. The molding process of the first region 1951 and the second region 1953 is simple and has a high yield. The first region 1951 can provide good protection for at least the scored area, ensuring the structural integrity and explosion-proof reliability of the scored area. The second region 1953 provides excellent protection for the base layer 194, effectively ensuring the structural strength and corrosion resistance of the base layer 194. At the same time, the structural reliability and structural strength of the base layer 194 are good, and the spatial dimensions and mass of the shell structure 10 are suitable. The battery 100 has the advantages of high structural strength, good portability, and low processing cost.

[0082] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4In some embodiments, the coverage area S1 of the first region 1951 on the base layer 194 and the surface area S2 of the end of the base layer 194 satisfy: 2%≤S1 / S2≤10%.

[0083] This application defines the coverage area of ​​the first region 1951 on the base layer 194 as S1 (hereinafter referred to as the coverage area S1), and the surface area of ​​the end of the base layer 194 as S2 (hereinafter referred to as the end surface area S2). It should be noted that the coverage area S1 is measured by projecting the portion of the first region 1951 covering the base layer 194 onto a virtual plane in the vertical height direction Z. The end surface area S2 is measured by projecting the outer surface of the end of the base layer 194 onto a virtual plane in the vertical height direction Z.

[0084] It is understandable that the coverage area S1 reflects the setting range of the first region 1951 in the base layer 194, thereby affecting the protective effect of the first region 1951 on the scored area, that is, affecting the corrosion resistance of the base layer 194 corresponding to the scored groove 193 and the safety and reliability of the battery 100.

[0085] The ratio of the coverage area S1 to the end surface area S2 can be, but is not limited to, any one or any two of 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, and 10%. When the ratio of the coverage area S1 to the end surface area S2 meets the above range, and the surface area S2 of the end of the base layer 194 is fixed, the coverage area S1 of the first region 1951 on the base layer 194 is more suitable. Therefore, the first region 1951 has a larger setting range on the base layer 194, effectively isolating the electrolyte and / or corrosive media from corrosion of the scored area, ensuring the structural integrity of the scored area, preventing further thinning of the base layer 194 in the scored area, and enabling the casing structure 10 to have a stable and consistent burst threshold, thus improving the explosion-proof reliability and long-term safety of the battery 100.

[0086] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 In some embodiments, in the longitudinal section of the end of the base layer 194, the first region 1951 protrudes from both sides of the scoring groove 193 and covers at least a portion of the surface of the base layer 194 at the edge of the scoring groove 193. The longitudinal section is parallel to the thickness direction of the end of the base layer 194. The protrusion distance D1 of the first region 1951 relative to one side of the scoring groove 193 satisfies: 0.5μm≤D1≤2μm; and / or, the distance D2 between the edge of the first region 1951 and the edge of the end of the base layer 194 satisfies: 3mm≤D2≤20mm.

[0087] Please refer to Figures 2 to 5It can be understood that the cross-section in the figure is a plane passing through the center of the shell structure 10 and parallel to the height direction Z and the thickness direction of the end of the base layer 194. The plane obtained by cutting the battery 100 with this plane is the longitudinal section of the end of the base layer 194. As shown in the longitudinal section of the end of the base layer 194, the coverage of the first region 1951 extends beyond the groove 193, and both sides of the groove 193 protrude and extend to cover at least part of the surface of the base layer 194 at the edge of the groove 193. At this time, the first region 1951 has a large setting range in the base layer 194 to cope with the situation where the electrolyte and / or corrosive medium approach and corrode the groove area along an irregular trajectory in the direction that is not parallel to the thickness direction of the end of the base layer 194, thereby more reliably ensuring the structural integrity of the groove area.

[0088] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 (A) and Figure 4 (B) shows the protrusion distance D1 of the first region 1951 relative to one side edge of the groove 193, and the distance D2 between the edge of the first region 1951 and the edge of the end of the base layer 194. It can be understood that the protrusion distance D1 of the first region 1951 relative to one side edge of the groove 193 can be symmetrical on both sides of the groove 193, in which case the first region 1951 provides good protection reliability to both sides of the groove area; or it can be asymmetrical on both sides of the groove 193, in which case the processing difficulty and cost of the first region 1951 are lower. The distance D2 between the edge of the first region 1951 and the edge of the end of the base layer 194 is related to the distribution position of the groove 193.

[0089] The protrusion distance D1 of the first region 1951 relative to the edge of the groove 193 on one side relates to the coverage and protective effect of the first region 1951 on the grooved area, and affects the corrosion resistance, structural integrity, and explosion-proof reliability of the grooved area. It also affects the portability and economy of the battery 100. The protrusion distance D1 of the first region 1951 relative to the edge of the groove 193 on one side can be, but is not limited to, any one or any two of the following values: 0.5μm, 0.6μm, 0.8μm, 1μm, 1.2μm, 1.2μm, 1.4μm, 1.5μm, 1.6μm, 1.8μm, and 2μm.

[0090] When the protrusion distance D1 of the first region 1951 relative to the edge of the groove 193 on one side meets the above range, the protrusion distance D1 of the first region 1951 relative to the edge of the groove 193 on one side is more suitable. The first region 1951 covers a large area around the groove 193. The first region 1951 can play a good protective effect on the groove area, ensuring the structural integrity of the groove area and the explosion-proof reliability. At the same time, the space size and weight occupied by the protective layer 195 are more suitable. The overall size and weight of the battery 100 are smaller, the battery 100 has better portability and lower processing cost.

[0091] The distance D2 between the edge of the first region 1951 and the edge of the end of the base layer 194 relates to the distribution range of the first region 1951, and affects the coverage of the scored area and the processing cost of the first region 1951, as well as the portability and economy of the battery 100. The distance D2 between the edge of the first region 1951 and the edge of the end of the base layer 194 can be, but is not limited to, any one or any two of 3mm, 5mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 14mm, 16mm, 17mm, 18mm and 20mm.

[0092] When the distance D2 between the edge of the first region 1951 and the edge of the end of the base layer 194 meets the above-mentioned range, the distance D2 between the edge of the first region 1951 and the edge of the end of the base layer 194 is more suitable. The first region 1951 has a large coverage area around the groove 193, and the first region 1951 can play a good protective effect on the groove area. At the same time, the space size and mass occupied by the protective layer 195 are more suitable, and the processing cost is lower, which is conducive to optimizing the portability and processing cost of the battery 100.

[0093] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 In some embodiments, the first region 1951 and the second region 1953 are made of the same material.

[0094] When the materials of the first region 1951 and the second region 1953 are the same, it is beneficial to eliminate the risk of galvanic corrosion between dissimilar materials and simplify the processing technology of the protective layer 195, reducing the types of raw materials used in the processing of the shell structure 10. In this case, during the forming of the first region 1951 and the second region 1953, there is no need to switch plating solutions or anodes, reducing the probability of impurity introduction. Furthermore, heat treatment or passivation processes can be implemented uniformly, thereby ensuring both protective performance and the uniformity and reliability of the overall plating quality. This also helps to reduce processing costs and improve the economic efficiency of the battery 100.

[0095] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 In some embodiments, both the first region 1951 and the second region 1953 are nickel layers.

[0096] In the above embodiments, when both the first region 1951 and the second region 1953 are nickel layers, the first region 1951 and the second region 1953 are easily formed simultaneously. Furthermore, the first region 1951 and the second region 1953 possess excellent chemical stability and electrochemical compatibility. Both the first region 1951 and the second region 1953 can effectively prevent the electrolyte from corroding the base layer 194. Especially in fluoride-containing lithium-ion batteries, the nickel surface easily forms a dense passivation film, significantly improving corrosion resistance. Simultaneously, nickel has moderate conductivity and good weldability, facilitating laser welding or resistance welding between the shell structure 10 corresponding to the second region 1953 and the electrode tabs, ensuring low contact resistance. In addition, the high hardness of the nickel layer enhances the wear resistance and scratch resistance of the base layer 194 surface, reducing the risk of mechanical damage during manufacturing and use. The strong adhesion between nickel and the base layer 194, along with their similar coefficients of thermal expansion, makes it difficult for nickel to peel off over a wide temperature range, thus ensuring the sealing reliability and structural integrity of the battery 100 during long-term service. In summary, nickel coatings offer multiple functions, including corrosion protection, conductivity, process compatibility, and mechanical protection, making them a mature engineering solution.

[0097] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 In some embodiments, the porosity P1 of the first region 1951 satisfies: 0.1% ≤ P1 ≤ 5%.

[0098] Porosity is a commonly used parameter for measuring density. Porosity represents the percentage or number of micropores (through or non-through pinholes, cracks, and other defects) per unit area in the first region 1951. Lower porosity indicates higher density in the first region 1951 and better protection for the base layer 194 (especially the scored area). Therefore, the porosity P1 of the first region 1951 determines its specific morphology and directly affects its protective effect on the scored area, as well as the economic efficiency of the shell structure 10.

[0099] The porosity P1 of the first region 1951 can be, but is not limited to, any one or any two of the following: 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 4%, and 5%. When the porosity P1 of the first region 1951 is within the above-mentioned range, the porosity P1 of the first region 1951 is suitable, and the first region 1951 has a high density. This effectively and sufficiently prevents the electrolyte and / or corrosive media from contacting the base layer 194, especially the scored area, ensuring the protective effect of the first region 1951 on the scored area. It also reduces the processing cost of the first region 1951 and improves the yield rate of the first region 1951, ensuring the safety and economy of the battery 100.

[0100] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 In some embodiments, the porosity P1 of the first region 1951 satisfies: 1% ≤ P1 ≤ 3%.

[0101] As mentioned above, the porosity P1 of the first region 1951 determines the specific shape of the first region 1951 and is directly related to the protective effect of the first region 1951 on the scratched area, as well as the economy of the shell structure 10.

[0102] The porosity P1 of the first region 1951 can be, but is not limited to, any one or any two of the following: 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.6%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.2%, 2.4%, 2.6%, and 3%. When the porosity P1 of the first region 1951 is within the above-mentioned range, the porosity P1 of the first region 1951 is further optimized, resulting in excellent density. This effectively prevents the electrolyte and / or corrosive media from contacting the base layer 194, especially the scored area. The first region 1951 provides excellent protection for the scored area. Furthermore, the first region 1951 also has the advantages of low processing cost and high yield, making the battery 100 safe, economical, and practical.

[0103] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 In some embodiments, the porosity P2 of the second region 1953 satisfies: 0.3% ≤ P2 ≤ 10%.

[0104] Please refer to the above text for the definition and properties of porosity, which will not be repeated here. It can be understood that the porosity P2 of the second region 1953 determines the specific shape of the second region 1953, and is directly related to the protective effect of the second region 1953 on the other regions of the base layer 194 except for the indented area, as well as the economy of the shell structure 10.

[0105] The porosity P2 of the second region 1953 can be, but is not limited to, any one or any two of the following: 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 8%, and 10%. When the porosity P2 of the second region 1953 is within the above-mentioned range, the porosity P2 of the second region 1953 is suitable, and the second region 1953 has a high density. This effectively and sufficiently prevents the electrolyte and / or corrosive media from contacting other areas of the base layer 194 except for the scored area. This ensures that the second region 1953 can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the base layer 194, ensure the structural reliability and integrity of the shell structure 10, reduce the processing cost of the second region 1953, and improve the yield rate of the second region 1953, thus ensuring the safety and economy of the battery 100.

[0106] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 In some implementations, the porosity P2 of the second region 1953 satisfies: 2% ≤ P2 ≤ 5%.

[0107] As mentioned above, the porosity P2 of the second region 1953 determines the specific shape of the second region 1953 and is directly related to the protective effect of the second region 1953 on the other regions of the base layer 194 except for the etched area, as well as the economy of the shell structure 10.

[0108] The porosity P2 of the second region 1953 can be, but is not limited to, any one or any two of the following: 2%, 2.3%, 2.6%, 3%, 3.3%, 3.6%, 4%, 4.3%, 4.6%, and 5%. When the porosity P2 of the second region 1953 is within the above-mentioned range, the porosity P2 of the second region 1953 is further optimized, resulting in excellent density. This effectively prevents the electrolyte and / or corrosive media from contacting other areas of the base layer 194 except for the scored area. The second region 1953 exhibits excellent corrosion resistance, effectively ensuring the structural reliability and integrity of the shell structure 10. Simultaneously, the second region 1953 also has the advantages of low processing cost and high yield, making the battery 100 safe, economical, and practical.

[0109] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 ,and Figure 5 In some embodiments, when the protective layer 195 is disposed on the outer or inner side of the base layer 194, and the scoring groove 193 and the protective layer 195 are disposed on the same side of the base layer 194, the first region 1951 covers the groove wall of the scoring groove 193 but does not fill the scoring groove 193; when the protective layer 195 is disposed on the outer or inner side of the base layer 194, and the scoring groove 193 and the protective layer 195 are disposed on different sides of the base layer 194, the first region 1951 covers the groove wall of the scoring groove 193 but does not fill the scoring groove 193; Region 1951 covers at least a portion of the base layer 194 corresponding to the groove 193; when the protective layer 195 is simultaneously disposed on the outer and inner sides of the base layer 194, the first region 1951 of the protective layer 195 located on the same side as the groove 193 covers the groove wall of the groove 193 but does not fill the groove 193, or exposes the groove wall of the groove 193; the groove 193 also penetrates the base layer 194; or, the groove 193 does not penetrate the base layer 194.

[0110] Please refer to Figure 3 (A) Figure 3 (B) and Figure 4(A) The protective layer 195 is a single layer and is disposed on the outside or inside of the base layer 194. In this case, when the scoring groove 193 and the protective layer 195 are disposed on the same side of the base layer 194, the opening of the scoring groove 193 faces the protective layer 195. In order to ensure the bonding force between the protective layer 195 and the base layer 194 corresponding to the scoring groove 193, the first region 1951 enters the scoring groove 193 and covers the groove wall of the scoring groove 193. And in order to ensure that the scoring groove 193 can burst, the protective layer 195 does not completely fill the scoring groove 193.

[0111] It should be added that the first region 195 is not flat at this time. Therefore, when measuring the thickness T1 of the first region 195 covering the groove wall of the scoring groove 193, a cross-section of the shell structure 10 is made with a virtual plane passing through the geometric center of the scoring groove 193 and parallel to the height direction Z. The dimension of the first region 195 in the direction of the tangent perpendicular to any point of the first region 195 in the cross-section is taken as the thickness T1 of the first region 195. Figure 3 As shown in (A).

[0112] Please refer to Figure 4 (B) The protective layer 195 is a single layer and is disposed on the outside or inside of the base layer 194. In this case, when the scoring groove 193 and the protective layer 195 are disposed on the non-circular side of the base layer 194, the opening of the scoring groove 193 faces away from the protective layer 195. At this time, the first region 1951 covers at least a portion of the base layer 194 corresponding to the scoring groove 193, but faces away from the opening direction of the scoring groove 193. The protective layer 195 does not enter the scoring groove 193. At this time, the first region 195 is not flat, so the thickness T1 of the first region 195 is the dimension of the first region 195 in the height direction Z.

[0113] When the protective layer 195 is disposed on the outside of the base layer 194 and covers the outer surface of the base layer 194, and when the protective layer 195 is disposed on the inside of the base layer 194 and covers the inner surface of the base layer 194, the protective layer 195 provides comprehensive and reliable protection for the base layer 194, which can prevent corrosion from the internal electrolyte and corrosion from the external corrosive media.

[0114] In some embodiments, a first region 1951 of the protective layer 195 on the same side as the notch 193 enters the notch 193 and covers the notch wall, and to ensure that the notch 193 can burst, the protective layer 195 does not completely fill the notch 193, such as... Figure 5 As shown in (A). At this time, the protective layer 195 can provide more adequate and reliable protection for the base layer 194 corresponding to the groove 193.

[0115] In other embodiments, the first region 1951 of the protective layer 195 on the same side as the groove 193 does not enter the groove 193, but exposes the groove wall of the groove 193, such as... Figure 5 As shown in (B). At this time, in the height direction Z, the end of the housing structure 10 has only one protective layer 195 in the area where the groove 193 is located, in order to avoid the explosion threshold of the groove 193 being too high, which would result in insufficient explosion-proof reliability and long-term safety of the battery 100. At the same time, the groove 193 can be processed after the protective layer 195 is formed on the base layer 194, which simplifies the processing technology of the housing structure 10 and can give the protective layer 195 better uniformity compared to the processing method of forming the protective layer 195 after the groove 193 is processed, thereby improving the yield of the battery 100.

[0116] In some implementation methods, please refer to Figure 5 (B) The groove 193 also penetrates the base layer 194. In this case, the groove 193 has a lower burst threshold and is suitable for the battery 100 with high safety requirements, so as to ensure timely response to thermal runaway and fully protect the safety of the battery 100.

[0117] In other implementations, please refer to Figure 5 (A) The groove 193 does not penetrate the base layer 194. In this case, the groove 193 corresponds to part of the base layer 194 and the single or double protective layer 195. The burst threshold of the groove 193 is more suitable, and the battery 100 has better explosion-proof reliability and long-term safety. The casing structure 10 also has the advantage of being easy to process.

[0118] Therefore, in the casing structure 10 of the battery 100 of this application, the shape and setting position of the protective layer 195 and the groove 193 can be designed according to the application scenario and safety level of the battery 100, and the battery 100 has the advantages of good flexibility, good reliability and high safety factor.

[0119] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 In some embodiments, the protective layer 195 is a nickel layer.

[0120] In the above embodiments, when a nickel layer is used as the protective layer 195 in the casing structure 10, the protective layer 195 exhibits excellent chemical stability and electrochemical compatibility. The protective layer 195 effectively prevents the electrolyte from corroding the base layer 194. Especially in fluoride-containing lithium-ion batteries, the nickel surface easily forms a dense passivation film, significantly improving corrosion resistance. Simultaneously, nickel has moderate conductivity and good weldability, facilitating laser welding or resistance welding between the casing structure 10 and the electrode tabs, ensuring low contact resistance. Furthermore, the high hardness of the nickel layer enhances the wear resistance and scratch resistance of the base layer 194 surface, reducing the risk of mechanical damage during manufacturing and use. The strong adhesion between nickel and the base layer 194, along with their similar coefficients of thermal expansion, prevents peeling over a wide temperature range, thus ensuring the sealing reliability and structural integrity of the battery 100 during long-term service. In summary, the nickel layer combines multiple functions such as corrosion resistance, conductivity, processing compatibility, and mechanical protection, making it a mature engineering solution.

[0121] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 In some implementations, the base layer 194 is an iron layer.

[0122] In the above embodiments, when the shell structure 10 uses an iron layer as the base layer 194, the base layer 194 has the advantages of low material cost and high mechanical strength, which is conducive to achieving thin-wall design. This reduces the weight of the shell structure 10 and improves the utilization rate of internal space while ensuring structural rigidity. Iron has good ductility and stamping formability, making it suitable for mass production processes such as high-speed progressive die continuous stretching, resulting in high production efficiency and good dimensional consistency. Iron has a high thermal conductivity, which helps to quickly dissipate the heat generated by the battery 100 during operation. The coefficient of thermal expansion of iron is close to that of common electrode materials, which helps to improve the long-term matching reliability of the sealing structure between the sealed shell structure 10 and the electrode during temperature changes. In addition, iron has high magnetic permeability, which can provide a certain shielding effect against some electromagnetic interference. The iron-based shell 13 has good weldability and can be connected with airtightness by resistance welding or laser welding. The iron layer can effectively balance the overall processing cost, mechanical properties, and process adaptability, making the battery 100 with an iron base layer 194 well-suited to the economical and practical needs of mass production.

[0123] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 ,and Figure 5 In some implementations, the edges of the second region 1953 and the first region 1951 are smoothly connected.

[0124] Please refer to Figure 5(A) In the case of a smooth transition at the connection between the second region 1953 and the first region 1951, the edges of the second region 1953 and the first region 1951 are smoothly connected. The connection between the second region 1953 and the first region 1951 is less prone to stress concentration and damage when the internal pressure increases. This helps to ensure that when the battery 100 experiences thermal runaway and explodes for safety protection, it can explode in a preset manner without deviating from the original design and causing the explosion-proof threshold to be unstable or the material of the casing structure 10 to splash and injure people, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the battery 100.

[0125] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 ,and Figure 5 In some embodiments, the protective layer 195 further includes a connecting region 1955 that connects the second region 1953 and the first region 1951. The thickness of the connecting region 1955 gradually decreases in the direction from the first region 1951 to the second region 1953.

[0126] The connecting region 1955 is at least a partial structure of the protective layer 195 used to connect the second region 1953 and the first region 1951. Please refer to... Figure 5 (A) A connecting region 1955 is disposed between the second region 1953 and the first region 1951, connecting the second region 1953 and the first region 1951 respectively. In the direction from the first region 1951 to the second region 1953, the thickness of the connecting region 1955 gradually decreases, thereby achieving a smooth edge connection between the second region 1953 and the first region 1951. The smooth contour of the connecting region 1955 is not prone to stress concentration, and the connecting region 1955 is not prone to damage when the internal pressure increases. This helps to ensure that when the score groove 193 explodes due to thermal runaway of the battery 100 for safety protection, it can explode in a preset manner, without deviating from the original design and causing instability of the explosion-proof threshold, or material splashing from the casing structure 10 that could injure people, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the battery 100.

[0127] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 In some embodiments, the groove 193 is cross-sectioned with a plane perpendicular to the extension direction of the groove 193, and the inner wall of the groove 193 is U-shaped or V-shaped in the cross-section.

[0128] The groove 193 extends on the base layer 194 and has a predetermined extension direction. For example, the groove 193 is disposed around the center of the base layer 194, and the extension direction of the groove 193 is the circumferential direction of the end of the base layer 194. Using the extension direction of the groove 193 as a reference direction, a longitudinal section is obtained by cross-sectioning the groove 193 with a virtual plane perpendicular to the extension direction of the groove 193, for example... Figure 3 As shown in the enlarged image. It should be noted that... Figure 3 (A) The small dashed circle in the upper right corner is not an enlarged view of at least part of the area corresponding to the groove 193 at the other end of the curve, but rather the shape of at least part of the area corresponding to the groove 193 at the other end of the curve in some other embodiments.

[0129] Depending on the shape of the groove 193, the inner wall of the groove 193 exhibits different shapes in cross-section. For example, the inner wall of the groove 193 may be U-shaped or V-shaped in cross-section. In some embodiments, the inner wall of the groove 193 has the same shape in cross-section at all locations; in other embodiments, the inner wall of the groove 193 does not have exactly the same shape in cross-section at all locations. It is understood that the shape of the inner wall of the groove 193 in cross-section affects the stress state of the base layer 194 and the processing difficulty of the groove 193, etc.

[0130] In the longitudinal section of the groove 193 cut by a plane perpendicular to the extension direction of the groove 193, when the inner wall is U-shaped, the bottom of the groove 193 has a rounded transition, the stress distribution is uniform, the peak stress is low, and it is less likely to break prematurely, which helps to ensure the pressure relief effect.

[0131] In the longitudinal section of the groove 193 cut by a plane perpendicular to the extension direction of the groove 193, the inner wall is V-shaped. The groove 193 has the advantage of simple processing. At the same time, the stress concentration at the bottom sharp corner of the groove 193 is obvious, and it is more sensitive to pressure changes. It is suitable for batteries 100 with high requirements for explosion-proof reliability.

[0132] Therefore, in the housing structure 10 of this application, the groove 193 can be formed according to actual needs. The groove 193 has good flexibility and can provide targeted and reliable explosion-proof functions for batteries 100 of different models and application scenarios.

[0133] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 In some embodiments, the housing structure 10 includes a cover plate 11 and a housing 13. The housing 13 is connected to the cover plate 11 and includes a bottom wall 131 spaced apart from the cover plate 11. At least one of the cover plate 11 and the bottom wall 131 includes a base layer 194 and a protective layer 195.

[0134] The shell 13 is the main body of the shell structure 10. The material of the shell 13 may be, but is not limited to, the steel, aluminum alloy, and polymer materials mentioned above. The cover plate 11 is a structure in the shell structure 10 used to cover the shell 13. At least a portion of the cover plate 11 (e.g., the periphery of the cover plate 11) is connected to the shell 13 to achieve a seal on the shell structure 10. The shell 13 and the cover plate 11 may be directly or indirectly connected. When the shell 13 and the cover plate 11 are directly connected, the connection method is usually a non-removable connection. A non-removable connection includes, but is not limited to, one or more combinations of methods such as gluing, welding, and sintering. This definition will be used for subsequent non-removable connections without further elaboration.

[0135] The housing 13 and the cover plate 11 together form a spatial structure for accommodating the electrode assembly 30 and other structures. It can be understood that the dimensions and shape of the internal spatial structure of the housing structure 10 are jointly determined by the dimensions and shape of the housing 13, the dimensions and shape of the cover plate 11, and the connection method between the housing 13 and the cover plate 11, directly affecting the maximum size that the electrode assembly 30 can be set in, and thus affecting the energy density of the battery 100. The housing structure 10 may not be made of a single material. For example, the housing 13 and the cover plate 11 may be made of the same material, either steel or aluminum alloy. The housing structure 10 may also have different components made of different materials. For example, the housing 13 may be made of steel, while the cover plate 11 may be made of aluminum alloy. Of course, the materials of the housing 13 and the cover plate 11 can also be combined in other ways, which will not be listed here.

[0136] It should be noted that the classification of the shell structure 10 described above, which includes a base layer 194 and a protective layer 195, is different from the classification of the shell structure 10 here, which includes a cover plate 11 and a shell 13. These are different ways of dividing the shell structure 10. Both the cover plate 11 and the shell 13 may include both the base layer 194 and the protective layer 195, or only the base layer 194.

[0137] The bottom wall 131 is at least a partial structure of the bottom of the housing 13. After the housing structure 10 is assembled, the bottom wall 131 and the cover plate 11 are spaced apart and opposite each other in the height direction Z of the housing structure 10. It can be understood that the cover plate 11 and the bottom wall 131 are at least partial structures of the two ends of the housing structure 10, respectively. At least one of the cover plate 11 and the bottom wall 131 includes a base layer 194 and is provided with a groove 193. The protective layer 195 is disposed on at least one side of the base layer 194 corresponding to the cover plate 11 and / or the bottom wall 131, and covers the area where the groove 193 is located on the base layer 194 corresponding to the cover plate 11 and / or the bottom wall 131.

[0138] Therefore, in the casing structure 10 of the battery 100 of this application, the ends of the casing structure 10 are a cover plate 11 and a bottom wall 131, and at least one of the cover plate 11 and the bottom wall 131 includes a base layer 194 and a protective layer 195. At this time, the protective layer 195 effectively blocks the electrolyte and / or corrosive media from corroding the grooves 193 of the cover plate 11 and / or the bottom wall 131, avoiding thinning or cracking of the cover plate 11 and / or the bottom wall 131, so as to ensure that the casing structure 10 has a stable and consistent burst threshold, thereby improving the explosion-proof reliability and long-term use safety of the battery 100.

[0139] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Secondly, this application provides a battery, specifically a battery 100. The battery 100 includes a housing structure 10 and an electrode assembly 30 as described in any of the above embodiments. The electrode assembly 30 is housed within the housing structure 10.

[0140] In the above practical method, it should be noted that the specific structure and properties of the battery 100 and the housing structure 10 in this embodiment are exactly the same as those in the above embodiments, and will not be explained again here.

[0141] The electrode assembly 30 is the core component of the battery 100 that enables energy storage and release. In the battery 100, the electrode assembly 30 is typically housed and encapsulated within the casing structure 10. The performance parameters of the electrode assembly 30, such as energy density, cycle life, and safety, directly determine the overall performance of the battery 100. It can be understood that the internal capacity of the casing structure 10 directly determines the maximum size that the electrode assembly 30 can be, thus affecting the energy density of the battery 100.

[0142] The battery 100 directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy to provide power through a reversible redox reaction between the active materials on the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte. It should be noted that the positive electrode is the electrode in the electrode assembly 30 that undergoes a reduction reaction during charging and discharging. The negative electrode is the electrode in the electrode assembly 30 that undergoes an oxidation reaction during charging and discharging. The separator is a structure in the electrode assembly 30 placed between the positive and negative electrodes to isolate the positive and negative electrodes and prevent short circuits. The separator is located between adjacent negative and positive electrodes to separate them. Exemplarily, the separator is a porous insulating film that allows lithium ions to pass through.

[0143] In some embodiments, the negative electrode, separator, and positive electrode are sequentially stacked and bonded to a mandrel by adhesive or hot-melt methods, and then wound to form the electrode assembly 30. In other embodiments, multiple negative electrode sheets, separators, and positive electrode sheets are stacked sequentially, and the resulting integral structure is then hot-pressed to form the electrode assembly 30. The electrode assembly 30 has gaps after formation, allowing electrolyte to enter the assembly. The electrolyte is used to wet the electrode assembly 30, ensuring that ions can move freely during charging and discharging.

[0144] The positive electrode includes a positive electrode body (e.g., aluminum foil), a positive active material layer (e.g., ternary material, lithium iron phosphate, or lithium cobalt oxide) coated on the surface of the positive electrode body, and positive electrode tabs. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode body (e.g., copper foil), a negative active material layer (e.g., carbon or silicon) coated on the surface of the negative electrode body, and negative electrode tabs. The positive and negative electrode bodies are structures used to collect and conduct the current generated by the active material layer during the electrochemical reaction, and to serve as a supporting framework for the active material layer. The positive and negative electrode tabs are structures used to conduct the current generated by the internal electrochemical reaction of the battery 100 to the external circuit. At this point, the battery 100 forms a circuit capable of supplying current, enabling the battery 100 to provide electrical energy.

[0145] Since the battery 100 in this application includes the housing structure 10 described in any of the above embodiments, it is understood that the battery 100 has at least the same beneficial effects as the housing structure 10. Therefore, the beneficial effects of the battery 100 should be referred to the beneficial effects of the housing structure 10 described above.

[0146] In some embodiments, the battery further includes a busbar. The busbar is electrically connected to the electrode assembly. In the height direction of the housing, the busbar is disposed between the electrode assembly and the cover plate of the housing structure. The busbar has a pressure relief hole, which is at least partially opposite to a groove in the height direction of the battery.

[0147] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 In some embodiments, the battery 100 further includes a busbar 50. The busbar 50 is electrically connected to the electrode assembly 30. In the height direction Z of the housing 13, the busbar 50 is disposed between the electrode assembly 30 and the cover plate 11 of the housing structure 10. The busbar 50 has a pressure relief hole, which is at least partially opposite to the groove 193 in the height direction Z of the battery 100.

[0148] The busbar 50 is a key structural component inside the battery 100 used to collect and output current from the electrode assembly 30. The busbar 50 is typically a circular or irregularly shaped metal sheet, and its material can be, but is not limited to, at least one of aluminum, copper, or nickel. The busbar 50 is housed within the housing structure 10 and is positioned between the electrode assembly 30 and the cover plate 11 along the height Z direction of the housing 13. The busbar 50 physically collects the current generated by the electrode assembly 30 through its electrical connection with the electrode assembly 30 and outputs it via terminals (located on the cover plate 11 or bottom wall 131, please refer to...). Figure 2 The external circuitry is guided by structures such as the busbar 50. The connection between the busbar 50 and the electrode assembly 30 is mostly achieved by ultrasonic welding or laser welding, which must ensure low contact resistance and high current carrying capacity.

[0149] The pressure relief vent (not shown) is a spatial structure on the manifold 50 used for internal pressure management of the battery 100. The core function of the pressure relief vent is to provide a controllable venting channel when the internal pressure of the battery 100 suddenly increases due to abnormal operating conditions such as overcharging or short circuits. This allows high-pressure gas to be released rapidly, thereby reducing the risk of bulging or rupture of the casing structure 10 and improving the safety of the battery 100. In the height direction Z of the battery 100, when the pressure relief vent is at least partially opposite to the groove 193, it helps to shorten the pressure relief path and reduce airflow resistance. This allows high-pressure gas to quickly reach the groove 193 through the pressure relief vent, ensuring that the groove 193 can respond quickly to changes in air pressure and burst sensitively, thus ensuring that the groove 193 can effectively play its role in improving safety.

[0150] Therefore, in the battery 100 of this application, the busbar 50 constitutes an electrical bridge between the battery 100 and the external circuit to ensure the operational reliability and stability of the battery 100. The pressure relief hole of the busbar 50 is at least partially opposite to the groove 193 in the height direction Z of the battery 100, allowing high-pressure gas inside the battery 100 to directly impact and act on the groove 193 through the pressure relief hole. This ensures that the explosion-proof valve opens promptly under the set pressure, improves the pressure release response speed, and thus enhances the effectiveness and reliability of the battery 100's overpressure protection.

[0151] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 6 Thirdly, this application provides a battery pack 1000. The battery pack 1000 includes the battery 100 described in any of the above embodiments.

[0152] Specifically, the battery pack 1000 is a composite structure composed of multiple individual batteries 100. The battery pack 1000 can store and release energy by connecting and controlling the batteries 100. The battery pack 1000 typically includes batteries 100 and a carrier. Multiple batteries 100 can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof; a combination means that multiple batteries 100 are connected in both series and parallel. Multiple batteries 100 can be directly connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof, and then the entire assembly of the multiple batteries 100 is housed within a carrier (e.g., a battery box). The battery pack 1000 may also include other structures; for example, the battery pack 1000 may also include a busbar (not shown) for electrical connection between the multiple batteries 100. It is understood that the number of batteries 100 in the battery pack 1000 can be adaptively adjusted according to the application scenario and capacity.

[0153] A battery box is a structure for holding a battery 100. The cross-section of the battery box may be, but is not limited to, circular, elliptical, square, or other polygonal shapes. The battery box is made of materials including, but not limited to, metals and non-metals. Metals include aluminum, iron, steel, aluminum alloys, or iron alloys, while non-metals include, but are not limited to, plastics. The battery box includes a body and a lid. The body and lid are combined to form a receiving cavity 1337, in which the battery 100 is housed. The body is the component in the battery box that loads and supports the battery 100. One end of the body is closed, and the other end has an opening for the battery 100 to be inserted into the receiving cavity 1337. The lid is the component in the battery box that covers the opening. The connection between the body and the lid can be detachable. Furthermore, when the battery box includes a body and a lid, the battery box may not be made of a single material. For example, the body and lid may be made of the same material, aluminum alloy. The battery box may also have different components made of different materials. For example, the body may be made of metal, while the lid may be made of plastic. Of course, the materials for the box body and the lid can also be combined with other materials, which will not be listed here.

[0154] Since the battery pack 1000 in this application includes the battery 100 described in any of the above embodiments, it is understood that the battery pack 1000 includes at least the same beneficial effects as the battery 100. Therefore, the beneficial effects of the battery pack 1000 should be referred to the beneficial effects of the battery 100 described above.

[0155] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 Fourthly, this application provides an electrical appliance 10000. The electrical appliance 10000 includes the battery 100 described in any of the above embodiments; or, the battery pack 1000 described in any of the above embodiments.

[0156] Specifically, electrical equipment 10000 refers to a device or system that uses electrical energy to work or perform specific functions. The core function of electrical equipment 10000 is to convert electrical energy into other forms of energy (such as light energy, heat energy, and mechanical energy). Electrical equipment 10000 includes load devices that directly consume electrical energy (such as lighting fixtures and electric motors) as well as energy storage and power supply devices, such as battery 100 or battery pack 1000. Battery 100 or battery pack 1000 stores electrical energy through internal electrochemical reactions and releases it when needed to provide power support for electrical equipment 10000.

[0157] Electrical equipment 10000 can be, but is not limited to, vehicles, smart wearable devices, mobile terminals, home appliances, and medical devices; this application embodiment does not limit this. Vehicles include, but are not limited to, cars, buses, trains, ships, aircraft, etc. Smart wearable devices include, but are not limited to, smartwatches, smart bracelets, neck massagers, etc. Mobile terminals include, but are not limited to, smartphones, laptops, tablets, POS (point of sales terminal) machines. Home appliances include, but are not limited to, televisions, washing machines, air conditioners, rice cookers, smart robot vacuums, smart lights, etc. Medical devices include, but are not limited to, infrared electronic thermometers, pulse oximeters, body composition analyzers, etc. Correspondingly, the battery 100 or battery pack 1000 may have different shapes, sizes, capacities, and performance characteristics.

[0158] Since the electrical device 10000 in this application embodiment includes a battery 100 or a battery pack 1000, it is understood that the electrical device 10000 has at least the same beneficial effects as the battery 100 or the battery pack 1000. Therefore, the beneficial effects of the electrical device 10000 should be referred to the beneficial effects of the battery 100 or the battery pack 1000 described above.

[0159] The technical features of the embodiments described above can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered within the scope of this specification. Furthermore, other implementation methods can be derived from the above embodiments, allowing for structural and logical substitutions and changes without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0160] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A casing structure (10) for a battery (100), characterized in that, comprising: a base layer (194), wherein at least one side of an end portion of the base layer (194) is provided with a score groove (193), and the score groove (193) is formed by being recessed relative to the surface of the base layer (194); and a protective layer (195), disposed on at least one side of the base layer (194), wherein the protective layer (195) comprises a first region (1951) and a second region (1953), the first region (1951) covers the score groove (193), the second region (1953) is disposed surrounding the first region (1951), and a thickness T1 of the first region (1951) is greater than a thickness T2 of the second region (1953).

2. The housing structure (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness T1 of the first region (1951) satisfies: 3 μm ≤ T1 ≤ 8 μm; and / or the thickness T2 of the second region (1953) satisfies: 2 μm ≤ T2 ≤ 6 μm; and / or the thickness T1 of the first region (1951) and the thickness T2 of the second region (1953) satisfy: 1 < T1 / T2 ≤ 4; and / or the thickness T1 of the first region (1951) and the thickness T of the end portion of the base layer (194) satisfy: 0.0001 < T1 / T ≤ 0.001; and / or the thickness T2 of the second region (1953) and the thickness T of the end portion of the base layer (194) satisfy: 0.0001 < T2 / T ≤ 0.001; and / or the thickness T1 of the first region (1951), the thickness T2 of the second region (1953) and the thickness T of the end portion of the base layer (194) satisfy: 0.00005 < (T1-T2) / T ≤ 0.0005.

3. The housing structure (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the thickness T1 of the first region (1951) satisfies: 4 μm ≤ T1 ≤ 6 μm; and / or the thickness T2 of the second region (1953) satisfies: 3 μm ≤ T2 ≤ 5 μm; and / or the thickness T1 of the first region (1951) and the thickness T2 of the second region (1953) satisfy: 2 < T1 / T2 < 3.

4. The housing structure (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the covering area S1 of the first region (1951) on the base layer and the surface area S2 of the end portion of the base layer (194) satisfy: 2% ≤ S1 / S2 ≤ 10%; and / or In the longitudinal section at the end of the base layer (194), the first region (1951) protrudes from both sides of the groove (193) and covers at least a portion of the surface of the base layer (194) at the edge of the groove (193). The longitudinal section is parallel to the thickness direction of the end of the base layer (194). The protrusion distance D1 of the first region (1951) relative to one side edge of the groove (193) satisfies: 0.5μm≤D1≤2μm; and / or, the distance D2 between the edge of the first region (1951) and the edge of the end of the base layer (194) satisfies: 3mm≤D2≤20mm.

5. The shell structure (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first region (1951) is made of the same material as the second region (1953); and / or, Both the first region (1951) and the second region (1953) are nickel layers.

6. The shell structure (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that, The porosity P1 of the first region (1951) satisfies: 0.1% ≤ P1 ≤ 5%; and / or, The porosity P2 of the second region (1953) satisfies: 0.3%≤P2≤10%.

7. The shell structure (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The porosity P1 of the first region (1951) satisfies: 1% ≤ P1 ≤ 3%; and / or, The porosity P2 of the second region (1953) satisfies: 2%≤P2≤5%.

8. The shell structure (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the protective layer (195) is disposed on the outside or inside of the base layer (194) and the groove (193) and the protective layer (195) are disposed on the same side of the base layer (194), the first region (1951) covers the groove wall of the groove (193) but does not fill the groove (193). When the protective layer (195) is disposed on the outside or inside of the base layer (194) and the groove (193) and the protective layer (195) are disposed on different sides of the base layer (194), the first region (1951) covers at least a portion of the base layer (194) corresponding to the groove (193). When the protective layer (195) is disposed on both the outer and inner sides of the base layer (194), the first region (1951) of the protective layer (195) located on the same side as the groove (193) covers the groove wall of the groove (193) but does not fill the groove (193), or exposes the groove wall of the groove (193); the groove (193) also penetrates the base layer (194); or, the groove (193) does not penetrate the base layer (194).

9. The shell structure (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective layer (195) is a nickel layer; and / or, The base layer (194) is an iron layer.

10. The shell structure (10) according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The edges of the second region (1953) are smoothly connected to those of the first region (1951).

11. The shell structure (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that, The protective layer (195) further includes a connecting region (1955) that connects the second region (1953) and the first region (1951). The thickness of the connecting region (1955) gradually decreases from the first region (1951) to the second region (1953).

12. The shell structure (10) according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, A cross section is made of the groove (193) with a plane perpendicular to the extension direction of the groove (193), and the inner wall of the groove (193) is U-shaped or V-shaped in the cross section.

13. The shell structure (10) according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The shell structure (10) includes: Cover plate (11); and The housing (13) is connected to the cover plate (11) and includes a bottom wall (131) spaced apart from the cover plate (11), at least one of the cover plate (11) and the bottom wall (131) including the base layer (194) and the protective layer (195).

14. A battery (100), characterized in that, include: The shell structure (10) according to any one of claims 1-13; and, The electrode assembly (30) is housed in the housing structure (10).

15. The battery (100) according to claim 14, characterized in that, Also includes: The busbar (50) is electrically connected to the electrode assembly (30). In the height direction of the housing (13), the busbar (50) is disposed between the electrode assembly (30) and the cover plate (11) of the housing structure (10). The busbar (50) is provided with a pressure relief hole. In the height direction of the battery (100), the pressure relief hole is at least partially opposite to the groove (193).

16. A battery pack (1000), characterized in that, include: The battery (100) according to claim 14 or 15.

17. An electrical appliance (10000), characterized in that, include: The battery (100) according to claim 14 or 15; or the battery pack (1000) according to claim 16.

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