An ultra-wideband omnidirectional spectrum sensing antenna integrated with sleeve monopole of circularly arranged vivaldi
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610757015.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-27
AI Technical Summary
[0005]本发明的目的在于提供一种环形排列Vivaldi与套筒单极子集成的超宽带全向频谱感知天线，以解决现有技术中难以在单一紧凑外形内实现超宽带、全向覆盖，并尽量减小不同频段结构之间的相互影响的问题，该感知天线对于构建高效、精准的电磁频谱地图系统具有重要意义
[0020]1，本发明通过对工作频段进行合理的拆分，使两个子频段的频比均不会过大，从而防止高频方向图出现畸变。
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of electromagnetic spectrum monitoring and management technology, specifically to an ultra-wideband omnidirectional spectrum sensing antenna integrating a ring-arranged Vivaldi and a sleeve monopole. Background Technology
[0002] Electromagnetic spectrum maps (also known as spectrum maps or radio maps) are typically created by deploying fixed or mobile measurement nodes in a target area to collect information such as received power spectral density and frequency band occupancy at different locations. This data is then correlated with geographic coordinates to generate a visual representation, which is used for spectrum monitoring, interference investigation, emergency communication, and dynamic spectrum management. Electromagnetic spectrum maps can be applied to scenarios such as spectrum monitoring, interference investigation, emergency communication, and dynamic spectrum management.
[0003] When the operating frequency band spans multiple octaves from 0.5 GHz to 8 GHz, antenna devices used for signal acquisition face a technical challenge of balancing performance and engineering practicality. Specifically, this manifests in the inherent drawbacks of two existing technical solutions: one employs a single-type antenna, attempting to simultaneously achieve low-frequency efficiency and high-frequency pattern stability, but often encounters engineering problems such as a sharp increase in size or increased high-frequency pattern distortion and gain fluctuations, affecting the accuracy of spectrum map construction. The other approach uses multiple antennas to cover different frequency bands, which can alleviate the performance contradictions of a single antenna, but leads to increased size and installation complexity, an increased number of channels, and mutual coupling, interfering with signal acquisition accuracy.
[0004] Therefore, achieving ultra-wideband, omnidirectional coverage within a single compact form factor, while minimizing the mutual influence between different frequency band structures, is of great significance for building an efficient and accurate electromagnetic spectrum mapping system, and is also a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ultra-wideband omnidirectional spectrum sensing antenna that integrates a ring-arranged Vivaldi and a sleeve monopole, in order to solve the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to achieve ultra-wideband and omnidirectional coverage in a single compact shape and minimize the mutual influence between different frequency band structures. This sensing antenna is of great significance for building an efficient and accurate electromagnetic spectrum mapping system.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] An ultra-wideband omnidirectional spectrum sensing antenna integrating a ring-arranged Vivaldi antenna with a sleeve monopole includes a low-frequency radiating antenna assembly and a high-frequency radiating antenna assembly; the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly and the high-frequency radiating antenna assembly are coaxially arranged along the same central axis, and their radiating regions are spatially coupled and overlapped to form a common aperture structure; wherein:
[0008] The low-frequency radiating antenna assembly operates in the 0.5GHz to 3.8GHz frequency band, adopts a vertical polarization mode, and is a sleeve antenna structure with bottom coaxial feeding.
[0009] The high-frequency radiating antenna assembly operates in the 3.8 GHz to 8 GHz frequency band and adopts a horizontal polarization mode; it employs a Vivaldi antenna array structure printed on a ring dielectric substrate and is fed through a microstrip line feed network; the ring dielectric substrate has a through hole in the center, the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly passes through the through hole, and the ring dielectric substrate is fitted onto the outside of the sleeve structure of the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly to achieve coaxial integration of the structure.
[0010] Furthermore, the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly includes a central radiator, a sleeve structure, a grounding plate, a capacitor ring, and a first feeding structure; the central radiator includes a hollow frustum, a first conductive sheet, and a solid conductive rod connected sequentially from top to bottom; the sleeve structure is a conductive cylinder, coaxially sleeved on the solid conductive rod, and there is an annular gap between the inner wall of the sleeve structure and the outer wall of the solid conductive rod; the grounding plate is located at the bottom of the sleeve structure and is directly electrically connected to the sleeve structure; the capacitor ring is a conductive annular sheet, coaxially sleeved on the solid conductive rod, and located axially between the first conductive sheet and the sleeve structure; the first feeding structure is a coaxial feeding structure, with its inner conductor directly electrically connected to the bottom of the solid conductive rod and its outer conductor electrically connected to the grounding plate;
[0011] The high-frequency radiating antenna assembly includes a ring-shaped dielectric substrate, multiple Vivaldi radiating elements, a slotted structure, and a second feeding structure. The ring-shaped dielectric substrate is parallel to the grounding base plate and is fitted onto the outside of the sleeve structure. The multiple Vivaldi radiating elements are uniformly distributed on the ring-shaped dielectric substrate. Each Vivaldi radiating element is composed of a metallized gradient groove formed on the surface of the ring-shaped dielectric substrate, and each Vivaldi radiating element is connected to a feeding point through a corresponding second feeding structure. The slotted structure is disposed on the metallized region constituting the Vivaldi radiating element. The ring-shaped dielectric substrate is located axially between the capacitor ring and the grounding base plate.
[0012] Furthermore, the annular dielectric substrate is disposed above the grounding base plate.
[0013] Furthermore, the number of Vivaldi radiating units is five, which are evenly distributed on the annular dielectric substrate, and the angular interval between two adjacent Vivaldi radiating units is 72°.
[0014] Furthermore, the metallized gradient groove has an initial width of 0.6 mm, an end width of 30 mm, and a total length of 42.4 mm; the metallized areas on both sides of the groove form an exponential profile with an exponential coefficient of 100.
[0015] Furthermore, the slit structure includes: one longitudinal slit and two transverse slits, wherein the longitudinal slit and the two transverse slits are spaced apart from each other, and the longitudinal slit is arranged along the extension direction of the Vivaldi radiating unit, and the two transverse slits are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal slit.
[0016] Furthermore, the longitudinal gap has a width of 6.25 mm and a length of 40 mm; the two transverse gaps are the first transverse gap and the second transverse gap, respectively; the first transverse gap has a width of 3.98 mm and a length of 10.84 mm; the second transverse gap has a width of 3.98 mm and a length of 13.11 mm.
[0017] Furthermore, the second feeding structure is a 50Ω microstrip line with a width of 1mm. The feeding point is located at the beginning of the slot line of the Vivaldi radiating element to achieve signal coupling from the microstrip line to the slot line.
[0018] Furthermore, the first conductive sheet and the grounding base plate are both copper sheets, and the solid conductive rod is a copper conductive rod.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
[0020] 1. This invention prevents high-frequency pattern distortion by reasonably dividing the working frequency band so that the frequency ratio of the two sub-bands is not too large.
[0021] 2. This invention splits the operating frequency band into two non-overlapping sub-bands, ensuring that the frequency ratio of the two sub-bands is not too large, thereby preventing distortion of the high-frequency radiation pattern; since the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly and the high-frequency radiating antenna assembly operate in non-overlapping frequency bands and have different polarization forms, the mutual coupling between the structures is weaker; the two are integrated into the same mechanical shape, making the antenna structure more compact, easier to deploy, and more suitable for field measurement.
[0022] 3. In the low-frequency band, the present invention uses a vertically polarized sleeve antenna to achieve omnidirectional reception, and in the high-frequency band, it uses a horizontally polarized ring-arranged Vivaldi antenna to achieve multi-sector coverage. Since the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly and the high-frequency radiating antenna assembly operate in different frequency bands and have different polarization forms, the mutual coupling between the structures is weaker. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ultra-wideband common-aperture composite antenna in an embodiment.
[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a low-frequency radiating antenna assembly.
[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a high-frequency radiating antenna assembly.
[0026] Figure 4 The simulation results show the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly.
[0027] Figure 5 The simulation results show the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the high-frequency radiating antenna assembly.
[0028] Figure 6 The simulation results of the E-plane radiation pattern of the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly are shown below; where a is the E-plane radiation pattern at 0.5 GHz, b is the E-plane radiation pattern at 1 GHz, c is the E-plane radiation pattern at 2 GHz, d is the E-plane radiation pattern at 3 GHz, and e is the E-plane radiation pattern at 3.5 GHz.
[0029] Figure 7 The simulation results of the H-plane radiation pattern of the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly are shown below; where a is the H-plane radiation pattern at 0.5 GHz, b is the H-plane radiation pattern at 1 GHz, c is the H-plane radiation pattern at 2 GHz, d is the H-plane radiation pattern at 3 GHz, and e is the H-plane radiation pattern at 3.5 GHz.
[0030] Figure 8 Simulation results of the E-plane radiation characteristics of the Vivaldi radiative element;
[0031] Figure 9 Simulation results of the radiation characteristics of the H-plane of the Vivaldi radiating element;
[0032] Figure 10 The simulation results are for azimuth beam superposition of all Vivaldi radiating elements; where a is the beam superposition effect at 4 GHz, b is the beam superposition effect at 5 GHz, c is the beam superposition effect at 6 GHz, d is the beam superposition effect at 7 GHz, and e is the beam superposition effect at 8 GHz.
[0033] Reference numerals: 201, central radiator; 202, solid conductive rod; 203, hollow frustum; 204, first conductive sheet; 205, sleeve structure; 206, grounding base plate; 207, capacitor ring; 301, annular dielectric substrate; 302, Vivaldi radiating element; 303, slit structure; 304, longitudinal slit; 305, first transverse slit; 306, second transverse slit; 307, second feeding structure. Detailed Implementation
[0034] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides an ultra-wideband omnidirectional spectrum sensing antenna integrating a ring-arranged Vivaldi antenna and a sleeve monopole antenna, comprising a low-frequency radiating antenna assembly and a high-frequency radiating antenna assembly. The low-frequency radiating antenna assembly and the high-frequency radiating antenna assembly are coaxially arranged along the same central axis, and their radiating regions are spatially coupled and overlapped to form a common aperture structure. The low-frequency radiating antenna assembly operates in the 0.5GHz to 3.8GHz frequency band, adopts a vertical polarization mode, and is a sleeve antenna structure with bottom coaxial feeding. The high-frequency radiating antenna assembly operates in the 3.8GHz to 8GHz frequency band, adopts a horizontal polarization mode, and employs a Vivaldi antenna array structure printed on a ring dielectric substrate, fed by a microstrip line feeding network. The ring dielectric substrate 301 has a through-hole at its center, through which the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly passes, and the ring dielectric substrate is fitted onto the outside of the sleeve structure of the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly, achieving coaxial integration of the structure.
[0036] Since the low-frequency radiating antenna components and the high-frequency radiating antenna components operate at different frequencies and have different polarization forms, nesting the structures helps to reduce mutual interference.
[0037] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly includes a central radiator 201, a sleeve structure 205, a grounding base plate 206, a capacitor ring 207, and a first feeding structure. The central radiator 201 includes a hollow frustum 203, a first conductive sheet 204, and a solid conductive rod 202 connected sequentially from top to bottom. The sleeve structure 205 is a conductive cylinder, coaxially sleeved on the solid conductive rod 202, and the inner wall of the sleeve structure 205 is flush with the outer wall of the solid conductive rod 202. There is an annular gap between them; the grounding base plate 206 is located at the bottom of the sleeve structure 205 and is directly electrically connected to the sleeve structure 205; the capacitor ring 207 is a conductive circular thin sheet, which is coaxially sleeved on the solid conductive rod 202 and is located axially between the first conductive thin sheet 204 and the sleeve structure 205; the first power supply structure is a coaxial power supply structure, whose inner conductor is directly electrically connected to the bottom of the solid conductive rod 202 and whose outer conductor is electrically connected to the grounding base plate 206.
[0038] like Figure 3As shown, the high-frequency radiating antenna assembly includes a ring dielectric substrate 301, a plurality of Vivaldi radiating elements 302, a slotted structure 303, and a second feeding structure 307. The ring dielectric substrate 301 is parallel to the grounding base plate 206 and is fitted onto the outside of the sleeve structure 205. The plurality of Vivaldi radiating elements 302 are uniformly distributed on the ring dielectric substrate 301. Each Vivaldi radiating element 302 is composed of a metallized gradient groove formed on the surface of the ring dielectric substrate 301, and each Vivaldi radiating element 302 is connected to a feeding point through a corresponding second feeding structure 307. The slotted structure 303 is disposed on the metallized region constituting the Vivaldi radiating element 302. The ring dielectric substrate 301 is located axially between the capacitor ring 207 and the grounding base plate 206.
[0039] By employing a sleeve monopole structure in the low-frequency band, near-omnidirectional coverage in the horizontal direction is ensured while achieving impedance bandwidth expansion and improved pattern stability through the synergistic effect of the hollow frustum structure of the central radiator, the sleeve structure, and the capacitor ring. In the high-frequency band, the directional radiation mechanism of the Vivaldi antenna is used, achieving 360° sector coverage through a ring-shaped, equiangular arrangement. Since each element is horizontally polarized and its operating frequency band does not overlap with the low-frequency band, combined with a shared-aperture spatial nesting layout, the mutual coupling between the two antenna parts can be reduced in engineering. In another preferred embodiment, the annular dielectric substrate 301 is disposed above the grounding base plate 206. Five Vivaldi radiating elements 302 are evenly distributed on the annular dielectric substrate 301, with an angular interval of 72° between adjacent Vivaldi radiating elements 302. The slotted structure 303 includes a longitudinal slot 304 and two transverse slots, which are spaced apart from each other. The longitudinal slot is positioned along the extension direction of the Vivaldi radiating element 302, and the two transverse slots are perpendicular to the longitudinal slot to increase the radiation beam width of the element. The first conductive sheet 204 and the grounding base plate 206 are both copper sheets, and the solid conductive rod 202 is a copper conductive rod.
[0040] In another preferred embodiment, the dimensions of each component in the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly are as follows: the solid conductive rod 202 has a radius of 8.5 mm and a height of 85 mm; the hollow frustum 203 has a lower outer radius of 20 mm, an upper outer radius of 28 mm, a height of 50.2 mm, and a sidewall thickness of 0.8 mm; the first conductive sheet has a radius of 20 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm. The total height of the hollow frustum 203, the first conductive sheet 204, and the solid conductive rod 202 is 136.7 mm. The feed height of the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly is 3.5 mm. The sleeve structure 205 is composed of copper foil, with an outer radius of 27.4 mm, a height of 64 mm, and a thickness of 1.5 mm. The radius of the grounding base plate 206 is 55 mm. The capacitor ring 207 is a thin copper ring with an inner radius of 8.5 mm, an outer radius of 16.7 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm. Its bottom surface is 80 mm away from the grounding plate 206.
[0041] In the high-frequency radiating antenna assembly, the dimensions of each component are as follows: The annular dielectric substrate 301 is made of high-frequency composite material with a dielectric constant εr=2.1, a loss tangent tanδ=0.001, an outer radius of 102.4mm, an inner radius of 29mm, a thickness of 1mm, and a bottom surface distance of 21.2mm from the grounding plate 206. The metallized gradient groove line on each Vivaldi radiating element has an initial width of 0.6mm, a terminal width of 30mm, and a total length of 42.4mm; the metallized regions on both sides of the groove line form an exponential profile with an exponential coefficient of 100. The longitudinal slot 304 has a width of 6.25mm and a length of 40mm; the two transverse slots are the first transverse slot 305 and the second transverse slot 306, respectively; the first transverse slot 305 has a width of 3.98mm and a length of 10.84mm; the second transverse slot has a width of 3.98mm and a length of 13.11mm. The second feeding structure is a microstrip feeding structure 307: each Vivaldi radiating element 302 is connected to the feeding point through a 50Ω microstrip line with a width of 1mm; the feeding point is located at the beginning of the slot line of the Vivaldi element to achieve signal coupling from the microstrip line to the slot line.
[0042] The ultra-wideband omnidirectional spectrum sensing antenna of this embodiment was simulated and verified. See the simulation results below. Figures 4 to 10 ;in:
[0043] Figure 4 The simulation results for the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly are provided by... Figure 4 It can be seen that the low-frequency radiating antenna component in this embodiment has a VSWR<2.8 and operates at a frequency of 0.5GHz-3.8GHz, achieving a frequency octave ratio of 7.6.
[0044] Figure 5The simulation results for the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the high-frequency radiating antenna assembly are provided by... Figure 5 It can be seen that the high-frequency radiating antenna component in this embodiment has a VSWR < 2.8 and operates at a frequency of 3.8 GHz to 8 GHz, achieving a frequency octave ratio of 2.1.
[0045] Figure 6 The simulation results show the E-plane radiation pattern of a low-frequency radiating antenna assembly; where a is the E-plane radiation pattern at 0.5 GHz, b is the E-plane radiation pattern at 1 GHz, c is the E-plane radiation pattern at 2 GHz, d is the E-plane radiation pattern at 3 GHz, and e is the E-plane radiation pattern at 3.5 GHz. Figure 6 It can be seen that the low-frequency radiating antenna component in this embodiment has a main polarization non-circularity of <1.5dB in the operating frequency band, and the cross polarization is much weaker than the main polarization.
[0046] Figure 7 The simulation results for the H-plane radiation pattern of a low-frequency radiating antenna assembly are shown; where a is the H-plane radiation pattern at 0.5 GHz, b is the H-plane radiation pattern at 1 GHz, c is the H-plane radiation pattern at 2 GHz, d is the H-plane radiation pattern at 3 GHz, and e is the H-plane radiation pattern at 3.5 GHz. Figure 7 It can be seen that in this embodiment, the cross-polarization of the low-frequency radiating antenna component is much weaker than the main polarization within the operating frequency band.
[0047] Figure 8 The simulation results of the E-plane radiation characteristics of the Vivaldi radiating element are derived from... Figure 8 It can be seen that the Vivaldi radiating element in this embodiment can achieve a beamwidth of approximately 72 degrees within the operating frequency band (3dB).
[0048] Figure 9 The simulation results of the radiation characteristics of the H-plane of the Vivaldi radiating element are derived from... Figure 9 It can be seen that in this embodiment, the maximum radiation direction of the Vivaldi radiating element is maintained at theta=90 degrees within the operating frequency band.
[0049] Figure 10 Simulation results for azimuth beam stacking of all Vivaldi radiating elements; where a represents the beam stacking effect at 4 GHz, b represents the beam stacking effect at 5 GHz, c represents the beam stacking effect at 6 GHz, d represents the beam stacking effect at 7 GHz, and e represents the beam stacking effect at 8 GHz; [The remaining text appears to be a fragmented and incomplete sentence, possibly due to OCR errors. A more accurate translation would require the full context.] Figure 10 It can be seen that all Vivaldi radiating units in this embodiment can achieve equivalent 360° coverage within the operating frequency band.
Claims
1. An ultra-wideband omnidirectional spectrum sensing antenna integrating a ring-arranged Vivaldi and a sleeve monopole, characterized in that, It includes a low-frequency radiating antenna assembly and a high-frequency radiating antenna assembly; the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly and the high-frequency radiating antenna assembly are coaxially arranged along the same central axis, and their radiating areas are spatially coupled and overlapped to form a common aperture structure; The low-frequency radiating antenna assembly operates in the 0.5GHz to 3.8GHz frequency band, adopts a vertical polarization mode, and is a sleeve antenna structure with bottom coaxial feeding; The high-frequency radiating antenna assembly operates in the 3.8 GHz to 8 GHz frequency band and adopts a horizontal polarization mode. It adopts a Vivaldi antenna array structure printed on a ring dielectric substrate and is fed through a microstrip line feed network. The ring dielectric substrate has a through hole in the center, and the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly passes through the through hole. The ring dielectric substrate is fitted on the outside of the sleeve structure of the low-frequency radiating antenna assembly to achieve coaxial integration of the structure.
2. The ultra-wideband omnidirectional spectrum sensing antenna integrating a ring-arranged Vivaldi and a sleeve monopole as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The low-frequency radiating antenna assembly includes a central radiator, a sleeve structure, a grounding plate, a capacitor ring, and a first feeding structure. The central radiator includes a hollow frustum, a first conductive sheet, and a solid conductive rod connected sequentially from top to bottom. The sleeve structure is a conductive cylinder coaxially fitted onto the solid conductive rod, with an annular gap between the inner wall of the sleeve structure and the outer wall of the solid conductive rod. The grounding plate is located at the bottom of the sleeve structure and is directly electrically connected to it. The capacitor ring is a conductive annular sheet coaxially fitted onto the solid conductive rod and located axially between the first conductive sheet and the sleeve structure. The first feeding structure is a coaxial feeding structure, with its inner conductor directly electrically connected to the bottom of the solid conductive rod and its outer conductor electrically connected to the grounding plate. The high-frequency radiating antenna assembly includes a ring dielectric substrate, multiple Vivaldi radiating elements, a slotted structure, and a second feeding structure; the ring dielectric substrate is parallel to the grounding base plate and is fitted onto the outside of the sleeve structure. The plurality of Vivaldi radiating units are uniformly distributed on the annular dielectric substrate. Each Vivaldi radiating unit is composed of a metallized gradient groove formed on the surface of the annular dielectric substrate, and each Vivaldi radiating unit is connected to the feed point through a corresponding second feed structure. The slotted structure is disposed on the metallized region constituting the Vivaldi radiating unit. The annular dielectric substrate is located axially between the capacitor ring and the grounding plate.
3. The ultra-wideband omnidirectional spectrum sensing antenna integrating a ring-arranged Vivaldi and a sleeve monopole as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The annular dielectric substrate is positioned above the grounding base plate.
4. The ultra-wideband omnidirectional spectrum sensing antenna integrating a ring-arranged Vivaldi and a sleeve monopole as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The Vivaldi radiating elements are five in number and are evenly distributed on the annular dielectric substrate, with an angular interval of 72° between two adjacent Vivaldi radiating elements.
5. The ultra-wideband omnidirectional spectrum sensing antenna integrating a ring-arranged Vivaldi and a sleeve monopole as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The metallized gradient groove has an initial width of 0.6 mm, an end width of 30 mm, and a total length of 42.4 mm; the metallized areas on both sides of the groove form an exponential profile with an exponential coefficient of 100.
6. The ultra-wideband omnidirectional spectrum sensing antenna integrating a ring-arranged Vivaldi and a sleeve monopole as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The slit structure includes: one longitudinal slit and two transverse slits, wherein the longitudinal slit and the two transverse slits are spaced apart from each other, and the longitudinal slit is arranged along the extension direction of the Vivaldi radiating unit, and the two transverse slits are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal slit.
7. The ultra-wideband omnidirectional spectrum sensing antenna integrating a ring-arranged Vivaldi and a sleeve monopole as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The longitudinal gap has a width of 6.25 mm and a length of 40 mm; the two transverse gaps are the first transverse gap and the second transverse gap; the first transverse gap has a width of 3.98 mm and a length of 10.84 mm; the second transverse gap has a width of 3.98 mm and a length of 13.11 mm.
8. The ultra-wideband omnidirectional spectrum sensing antenna integrating a ring-arranged Vivaldi and a sleeve monopole as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The second feeding structure is a 50Ω microstrip line with a width of 1mm. The feeding point is located at the beginning of the slot line of the Vivaldi radiating element to achieve signal coupling from the microstrip line to the slot line.
9. The ultra-wideband omnidirectional spectrum sensing antenna integrating a ring-arranged Vivaldi and a sleeve monopole as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first conductive sheet and the grounding base plate are both copper sheets, and the solid conductive rod is a copper conductive rod.