A millimeter wave stable high-gain differential dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of millimeter wave stable high-gain differential dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antennas, belong to wireless communication antenna technical field.Antenna includes differential feed structure, four rectangular radiation patches, four groups of metal via, metal floor, dielectric substrate and PP adhesive layer.Four rectangular radiation patches are arranged on the upper surface of dielectric substrate, cross-shaped metal patch is located in the middle of four rectangular radiation patches, metal floor is arranged on the lower surface of middle dielectric substrate, four microstrip lines are arranged on the lower surface of lower dielectric substrate.Four metal vias penetrate through dielectric substrate, PP adhesive layer and metal floor, connect cross-shaped metal patch and microstrip line;Four groups of metal via connect cut-corner rectangular radiation patch and metal floor.The bandwidth of the application is 23.95-43.95GHz, the gain is greater than 6.58dBi, the gain fluctuation is less than 0.8dBi, the isolation is less than-40dB, and the cross polarization is less than-35dB.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wireless communication antenna technology, specifically a millimeter-wave stable high-gain differential dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna, which meets the application requirements of 5G and 6G high-speed data transmission scenarios. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread adoption of 5G and the accelerated development of 6G, wireless communication is making leaps towards "ultra-high speed, ultra-large capacity, and ultra-low latency". The millimeter wave band (24.25–71GHz FR2 band) has become the core support for breaking through the Sub-6GHz capacity bottleneck and achieving peak transmission speeds of over 10Gbps, thanks to its abundant continuous spectrum resources. It is widely used in scenarios such as Massive MIMO, low-orbit satellite communication, vehicle radar, and high-speed terminals. As the core of the radio frequency front-end of a millimeter-wave system, the antenna directly determines the link quality. Differential dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antennas, with their combination of the wideband characteristics of magnetoelectric dipoles and the anti-interference advantages of differential feeding, have become the preferred radiating element. Based on the complementary excitation mechanism of electromagnetic dipoles, this type of antenna has natural advantages such as wide impedance bandwidth and symmetrical side-emitting patterns. It can be miniaturized and integrated through PCB multilayer substrate technology and directly interconnected with radio frequency chips, meeting the requirements of "small size, low cost, and high integration" for millimeter-wave devices. Compared with traditional microstrip patch antennas and slot antennas, it is more suitable for millimeter-wave frequency band applications. Furthermore, the integration of differential and dual-polarization technologies further endows it with the ability to suppress common-mode noise and reduce array size, which meets the development needs of high-density integration.

[0003] However, in practical engineering applications of the millimeter-wave band, existing differential dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antennas still face multiple technical bottlenecks, with a prominent contradiction between miniaturization and performance: to ensure effective radiation and impedance matching, existing magnetoelectric dipole antennas often rely on large radiating apertures and multi-layer thick dielectric substrates, resulting in a large overall antenna size. Some miniaturization designs are accompanied by performance degradation issues such as gain attenuation and bandwidth contraction, making it difficult to achieve both simultaneously. Poor port isolation and cross-polarization performance are also issues: miniaturization in the millimeter-wave band significantly reduces the spacing between dual-polarization ports, significantly enhancing the electromagnetic coupling effect between orthogonal polarizations. The port isolation of existing antennas is generally below 25dB, easily causing energy leakage at the transmit and receive ports, affecting the anti-interference capability of the communication link. Force, high antenna cross-polarization level (usually higher than -20dB), affecting polarization multiplexing efficiency and signal transmission purity; high and low frequency phase mismatch causes gain and pattern defects: the radiation performance of magnetoelectric dipole antenna depends on the orthogonal phase matching of electric field and current (ideal phase difference 90°), but at the low and high frequency ends of the millimeter wave band, due to the size constraints of the radiating element structure and the frequency dependence of electromagnetic coupling, the electric field and current are prone to significant phase deviation (deviating from the ideal 90° phase relationship), which leads to distortion of the antenna main lobe pattern (such as main lobe shift, side lobe level increase), and a significant drop in gain at the high and low frequency ends. In some schemes, the gain drops by more than 3dB at both ends of the bandwidth, which seriously affects the full-band communication coverage and link reliability.

[0004] To address these issues, the industry has employed miniaturization techniques such as L-shaped and U-shaped folding, and fractal topology reconstruction to reduce size by 30%-40%, combined with LTCC and AiP processes to achieve multilayer integration and package integration, or using high dielectric constant substrates to compress physical size. However, these methods suffer from bandwidth reduction, high cost, and decreased isolation. Bandwidth expansion utilizes parasitic structure loading, impedance gradient feeding, or SSPP structure to excite multiple modes, increasing relative bandwidth to 25%-35%, but this is accompanied by defects such as gain fluctuations, pattern distortion, and excessively high processing precision requirements. Port isolation and cross-polarization optimization are achieved through orthogonal feeding. Design, isolation walls, blind via array loading, or dummy element loading can improve isolation to 25-30dB and reduce cross-polarization level to around -18dB, but these methods are susceptible to manufacturing deviations and increase antenna thickness and cost. High- and low-frequency phase mismatch can be mitigated by phase compensation segments, array layout optimization, or coordinated adjustment of electromagnetic dipole parameters to reduce gain drop, but these methods have limitations such as insufficient broadband compensation and increased system complexity. Improved engineering practicality can be achieved by using PCB substrates instead of LTCC, optimizing via layout, and adopting standardized modular design. While this reduces costs and improves yield, it also reduces high-frequency radiation efficiency and sacrifices some performance.

[0005] Therefore, developing a millimeter-wave differential dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna that combines a compact structure, ultra-wideband characteristics, high port isolation, low cross-polarization level, and can effectively improve high- and low-frequency phase matching and enhance the stability of the main lobe gain across the entire frequency band has significant engineering application value and remarkable technological innovation significance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the challenge of simultaneously achieving a compact structure, ultra-wideband characteristics, high port isolation, low cross-polarization level, and high gain stability in millimeter-wave dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antennas. It proposes a stable, high-gain differential dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna for millimeter-wave applications. This invention combines miniaturization, ultra-wideband characteristics, high port isolation, low cross-polarization level, and high gain stability. The antenna element can be applied to linear phased arrays, with a bandwidth of 23.95-43.95 GHz, fully covering the entire 5G millimeter-wave frequency band (n257 / n258 / n259 / n260).

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A millimeter-wave stable high-gain differential dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna includes a radiating layer, a metallic ground layer, and a microstrip feed layer stacked sequentially from top to bottom. The main body of the radiating layer is an upper dielectric substrate, and a cross-shaped metal patch is provided at the center of the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate; rectangular radiating patches are provided in the four regions divided by the cross-shaped metal patch, and the four rectangular radiating patches are rotationally symmetrical. The main body of the metal ground layer is a medium dielectric substrate, and a metal floor is provided under the medium dielectric substrate; the medium dielectric substrate is connected to the upper dielectric substrate through an upper PP adhesive layer; The main body of the microstrip feed layer is a lower dielectric substrate, which is connected to the metal ground plane through a lower PP adhesive layer. The lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate has four microstrip lines that extend in a straight line from the edge of the lower dielectric substrate toward the center. The four microstrip lines are rotationally symmetrical and there is no contact between adjacent ends. Each rectangular radiating patch has a metal via array on its lower surface. The metal via array consists of multiple metal vias. The top of the metal vias is connected to the rectangular radiating patch, and the bottom is connected to the metal floor. Each of the four branches of the cross-shaped metal patch has a metal through hole. The top of the metal through hole is connected to the cross-shaped metal patch, and the bottom is connected to the inner end of the corresponding microstrip line. The metal through hole does not contact the metal ground plane.

[0008] Furthermore, the edge of the rectangular radiating patch is parallel to the edge of the cross-shaped metal patch on its adjacent side.

[0009] Furthermore, each rectangular radiating patch has two slits; the slits penetrate the rectangular radiating patch and extend from the edge near the cross-shaped metal patch to the adjacent edge away from the cross-shaped metal patch.

[0010] Furthermore, the starting ends of the two gaps are located on the two sides near the cross-shaped metal patch, respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the metal via array is located in the region between the two gaps.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper dielectric substrate, middle dielectric substrate, and lower dielectric substrate all use Rogers Ro4350 with a dielectric constant of 3.66 and a loss factor of 0.004.

[0013] Furthermore, both the upper PP adhesive layer and the lower PP adhesive layer use Rogers 4450F dielectric material with a dielectric constant of 3.52 and a loss factor of 0.004.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: a) The present invention has stable high gain performance: Compared with the existing millimeter-wave dual-polarized differential magnetoelectric dipole antenna, the present invention has a gain stability greater than 6.58 dBi over the entire impedance bandwidth and a gain fluctuation of less than 0.8 dBi over the ultra-wide bandwidth.

[0015] b) This invention achieves both ultra-wideband and miniaturization: Compared with existing millimeter-wave dual-polarized differential magnetoelectric dipole antennas, this invention operates in the millimeter-wave band and achieves a wide impedance bandwidth in the range of 23.95-43.95GHz, with a relative bandwidth exceeding 58.8%, covering the entire 5G millimeter-wave band (n257 / n258 / n259 / n260). It uses microstrip lines, metal vias, and cross-shaped metal patches to form a differential feeding structure, making its antenna size only 6.8mm×6.8mm.

[0016] c) The radiation performance of this invention is stable and reliable: relying on the symmetrical layout, differential feeding structure design and the chamfering design of the rectangular radiating patch, the radiation pattern of the whole bandwidth has no obvious distortion, the cross polarization level is less than -35dB, the port isolation is less than -40dB, and the in-band gain fluctuation is less than 0.8dBi. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a bottom view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4This is a top view of the chamfered rectangular radial patch structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the differential reflection coefficient and port isolation of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is the antenna gain diagram of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is the E / H plane radiation pattern of the present invention at the 25GHz operating frequency.

[0024] Figure 8 This is the E / H plane radiation pattern of the present invention at the 30GHz operating frequency.

[0025] Figure 9 This is the E / H plane radiation pattern of the present invention at the 35GHz operating frequency.

[0026] Figure 10 This is the E / H plane radiation pattern of the present invention at the 40GHz operating frequency.

[0027] Figure 11 This is the E / H plane radiation pattern of the present invention at the 42.5GHz operating frequency.

[0028] Figure 12 This invention relates to the main polarization and cross-polarization patterns of the E-plane at 30GHz and 40GHz.

[0029] Figure 13 This invention relates to the main polarization and cross-polarization patterns of the H-plane at 30GHz and 40GHz.

[0030] In the figure: 1. Cross-shaped metal patch, 2. Rectangular radiating patch, 3. Metal via, 4. Metal through-hole, 5. Microstrip line, 6. Upper dielectric substrate, 7. Upper PP adhesive layer, 8. Middle dielectric substrate, 9. Lower PP adhesive layer, 10. Lower dielectric substrate, 11. Metal ground plane. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0032] I. Overall Antenna Structure See Figures 1 to 4This embodiment provides a millimeter-wave stable high-gain differential dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna, the overall structure of which includes: a differential feed structure, four rectangular radiating patches 2, four sets of metal via arrays, a metal ground plane 11, an upper dielectric substrate 6, a middle dielectric substrate 8, a lower dielectric substrate 10, an upper PP adhesive layer 7, and a lower PP adhesive layer 9. The differential feed structure includes a cross-shaped metal patch 1, four metal vias 4, and four microstrip lines 5.

[0033] The overall outer dimensions of the antenna are 6.8mm × 6.8mm. All metal structural layers are made of copper foil with a thickness of 0.035mm. The upper dielectric substrate 6, middle dielectric substrate 8, and lower dielectric substrate 10 are all made of Rogers Ro4350 material with a relative permittivity of 3.66 and a loss factor of 0.004. The thickness of the upper dielectric substrate 6 (H1) is 0.762mm, the thickness of the middle dielectric substrate 8 (H3) is 0.256mm, and the thickness of the lower dielectric substrate 10 (H5) is 0.101mm. The upper PP adhesive layer 7 and the lower PP adhesive layer 9 are both made of Rogers 4450F material with a relative permittivity of 3.52 and a loss factor of 0.004. The thickness of the upper PP adhesive layer 7 (H2) is 0.101mm, and the thickness of the lower PP adhesive layer 9 (H4) is 0.101mm.

[0034] II. Coordination Relationships of Each Structural Layer The antenna is a multi-layered structure, consisting of the following layers from top to bottom: a top metal layer (including a cross-shaped metal patch 1 and four rectangular radiating patches 2), an upper dielectric substrate 6, an upper PP adhesive layer 7, a middle dielectric substrate 8, a metal ground plane 11, a lower PP adhesive layer 9, a lower dielectric substrate 10, and four microstrip lines 5.

[0035] Four rectangular radiating patches 2 are disposed on the upper layer of the upper dielectric substrate 6 and are attached to the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 6. A cross-shaped metal patch 1 is also disposed on the upper layer of the upper dielectric substrate 6 and is attached to the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 6. The cross-shaped metal patch 1 is located in the middle of the four rectangular radiating patches 2. Together, the four form the top radiating structure of the antenna.

[0036] The metal ground plane 11 is disposed on the lower layer of the intermediate dielectric substrate 8 and is attached to the lower surface of the intermediate dielectric substrate 8. The outer contour size of the metal ground plane 11 is consistent with the overall size of the antenna, which is 6.8mm×6.8mm. The metal ground plane 11 has a clearance hole to avoid the metal through hole 4.

[0037] Four microstrip lines 5 are disposed on the lower layer of the lower dielectric substrate 10 and are attached to the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 10. The four microstrip lines 5 are centrally orthogonally distributed, and their ports are evenly distributed around the bottom layer of the antenna, serving as the differential feed input ports of the antenna.

[0038] Four metal vias 4 vertically penetrate the upper dielectric substrate 6, upper PP adhesive layer 7, middle dielectric substrate 8, metal ground plane 11, lower PP adhesive layer 9, and lower dielectric substrate 10. The upper end of each metal via 4 is conductively connected to one end of a cross-shaped metal patch 1, and the lower end of each metal via 4 is conductively connected to one end of a microstrip line 5, thereby realizing the vertical transmission of the bottom-layer feed signal to the top-layer radiation structure. The diameter of the metal vias 4 is 0.1 mm, and the four metal vias 4 are evenly arranged corresponding to the four arm ends of the cross-shaped metal patch 1, with the center of the via precisely aligned with the corresponding cross arm end.

[0039] Four sets of metal via arrays penetrate the upper dielectric substrate 6, the upper PP adhesive layer 7, and the middle dielectric substrate 8, respectively. One end of each metal via array is electrically connected to the edge of a rectangular radiating patch 2, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal ground plane 11. The four sets of metal via arrays are centrally symmetrically distributed, corresponding one-to-one with the four rectangular radiating patches 2 arranged in a 2×2 pattern. Each set of metal vias includes five metal vias 3, which are arranged in an L-shape near the cross-shaped metal patch 1. The diameter of each metal via 3 is 0.12 mm, and the spacing between adjacent vias in the same set is D4, which is 0.4 mm.

[0040] III. Specific Structure and Function of Each Component 1. Rectangular radiating patch 2 Four rectangular radiating patches 2 are evenly arranged in a 2×2 array in the center of the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 6. The original rectangular size of a single rectangular radiating patch 2 is 1.6mm×1.6mm. See Figure 4 The rectangular radial patch 2 is obliquely cut at each of its two opposite vertices to form slits (the hypotenuses of right triangles). A length L1 = 1.3 mm is cut from the long side and a length L2 = 0.3 mm from the short side of the corresponding vertices of the rectangular radial patch 2, outlining the hypotenuses of the right triangles. The edge spacing D3 between two adjacent rectangular radial patches 2 is 0.56 mm.

[0041] Function: Four rectangular radiating patches 2 constitute the electric dipole radiating element of the antenna. It has dual optimization functions: First, the gaps eliminate the current accumulation and disordered reflection problems at right angles, ensuring uniform current distribution and stable transmission on the surface of the rectangular radiating patches 2; Second, the gaps achieve adaptive adaptation of the antenna's electrical dimensions at high and low frequencies—in low-frequency operation, the effective radiating edge of the antenna includes the horizontal edge and the hypotenuse of the right-angled triangle, effectively increasing the electrical size of the electric dipole and compensating for the insufficient electrical size at low frequencies; in high-frequency operation, the hypotenuse of the right-angled triangle weakens the high-frequency current radiation effect, retaining only the horizontal edge as the main radiation boundary, effectively reducing the electrical size of the electric dipole and matching the high-frequency operating characteristics.

[0042] 2. Cross-shaped metal patch 1 The cross-shaped metal patch 1 has a centrally symmetrical four-armed structure with equal width. The overall shape is an orthogonal cross. The length of each arm is 1.4mm (the total radial length from the center of the cross to the end of the arm), and the width of the arm is 0.4mm. The central intersection area is seamlessly connected, and the whole is centrally arranged in the middle of the enclosed position of the four rectangular radial patches 2.

[0043] Function: The cross-shaped metal patch 1 serves as the top-level coupling element of the differential feed structure and is the core coupling structure of the dual-polarized differential feed. Its single-arm length mainly determines the resonant position and impedance matching depth of the antenna in the low-frequency band. In this embodiment, a single-arm radial length of 1.4mm is preferred, which can ensure that the low-frequency resonant point of the antenna is within the target operating frequency band, while also taking into account the optimal impedance matching depth.

[0044] 3. Four microstrip lines 5 The four microstrip lines 5 are symmetrically arranged differential feed lines, corresponding to the four arms of the cross-shaped metal patch 1, and are orthogonally distributed in a central configuration. Each microstrip line 5 has a length of 2.6 mm and a width of 0.46 mm. The ports of the four microstrip lines 5 are evenly distributed around the bottom layer of the antenna, with symmetrical and consistent port spacing.

[0045] Function: The four microstrip lines 5 serve as the bottom differential feed ports of the antenna, responsible for introducing external differential signals into the antenna. The linewidth of the microstrip lines 5 is a core parameter determining the overall port impedance characteristics and matching performance of the antenna, directly affecting the impedance matching of the differential feed signal. This embodiment determines an optimal microstrip linewidth of 0.46mm, which allows the antenna differential port impedance to match the system standard feed impedance, minimizing signal reflection loss within the operating frequency band.

[0046] 4. Four metal through holes Four metal through-holes 4 serve as power supply communication through-holes, penetrating vertically through all dielectric substrates, PP adhesive layers, and metal ground plane 11. The diameter of the metal through-holes 4 is 0.1 mm, and the four metal through-holes 4 are evenly arranged at the ends of the four arms of the cross-shaped metal patch 1.

[0047] Function: The metal via 4 enables vertical signal transmission between the bottom microstrip line 5 and the top cross-shaped metal patch 1, realizing efficient coupling of power supply energy from the bottom differential port to the top radiation structure.

[0048] 5. Four sets of metal vias 3 Four groups of metal via arrays are symmetrically arranged at the edge of each rectangular radiating patch 2. Each group of metal vias 3 contains several uniformly arranged grounding vias. The spacing between adjacent vias in the same group is D4, which is 0.4 mm.

[0049] Function: The metal vias 3 constitute the magnetic dipole radiating element of the antenna. One end of each metal via 3 is conductively connected to the edge of the rectangular radiating patch 2, and the other end is conductively connected to the metal ground plane 11, forming a vertical short-circuit wall structure, which together with the metal ground plane 11 constitutes the magnetic dipole radiator. Simultaneously, the metal vias 3 serve to ground the radiating element, shield stray electromagnetic radiation, and regulate the surface current distribution. Their spacing significantly affects high-frequency performance: excessive spacing leads to chaotic scattered current and ineffective electromagnetic radiation at the edge of the radiating patch during high-frequency operation, while insufficient spacing causes high-frequency impedance mismatch. In this embodiment, a via spacing of 0.4 mm is preferred, which can effectively regulate the high-frequency current distribution at the patch edge and suppress stray radiation.

[0050] 6. Metal floor 11 The metal floor 11 is disposed on the lower layer of the intermediate dielectric substrate 8.

[0051] Function: The metal ground plane 11 serves as the common grounding layer of the antenna. On the one hand, it works with the metal via 3 to form a grounding short-circuit wall for the magnetic dipole. On the other hand, it effectively improves the grounding integrity of the antenna, suppresses spurious radiation, and enhances the overall gain and frequency band stability of the antenna.

[0052] Dielectric substrate and PP adhesive layer The upper dielectric substrate 6, the middle dielectric substrate 8, and the lower dielectric substrate 10 are the upper, middle, and lower insulating support layers of the antenna, respectively. The upper PP adhesive layer 7 and the lower PP adhesive layer 9 are used for interlayer bonding between the upper dielectric substrate 6 and the middle dielectric substrate 8, and between the middle dielectric substrate 8 and the lower dielectric substrate 10, respectively.

[0053] Function: The dielectric substrate and PP adhesive layer together form the multilayer stacked carrier of the antenna, providing mechanical support and electrical isolation for each metal structure layer. At the same time, it participates in the impedance matching and electromagnetic radiation process of the antenna through its dielectric properties.

[0054] IV. Antenna Working Principle and Implementation Principle The antenna of this invention operates based on the complementary excitation mechanism of magnetoelectric dipoles. The signal is input differentially from four microstrip lines 5 at the bottom layer, and vertically transmitted to the top cross-shaped metal patch 1 via four metal vias 4. The cross-shaped metal patch 1 serves as the feed coupling structure, evenly distributing the differential signal to the four rectangular radiating patches 2, exciting them to generate horizontal electric field radiation, thus forming an electric dipole radiation mode. Simultaneously, the current at the edges of the rectangular radiating patches 2 flows to the metal ground plane 11 through four sets of metal via arrays, forming a vertical equivalent magnetic flux loop between the metal vias 3 and the metal ground plane 11, thus forming a magnetic dipole radiation mode. The electric dipole and magnetic dipole maintain orthogonal phase matching (ideally 90° phase difference) within the operating frequency band, thereby achieving a stable side-firing pattern and wide impedance bandwidth characteristics.

[0055] A cross-shaped metal patch 1 forms a cross-overlapping differential feed network through four microstrip lines 5 and four metal vias 4, achieving dual-polarization operation. Specifically, two microstrip lines in opposite directions form one differential feed port, exciting one polarization direction; two microstrip lines in the other opposite direction form another differential feed port, exciting the other polarization direction orthogonal to it. The two polarization ports share the cross-shaped metal patch 1 as a coupling structure, but the feed paths are spatially orthogonal, thus ensuring a port isolation of more than 40 dB between the two polarizations.

[0056] The slot in the rectangular radiating patch 2 plays a crucial role in phase compensation and electrical size adaptation in this invention. With traditional rectangular patches, the phase difference between the electric and magnetic dipoles varies significantly with frequency across the entire frequency band, deviating from the ideal 90° phase relationship at both high and low frequencies. The slot used in this invention eliminates current accumulation and disordered reflections at sharp right-angle corners, resulting in a more uniform surface current distribution and more linear phase characteristics. Furthermore, it alters the length of the effective radiation boundary at different frequencies—at low frequencies, both the horizontal and oblique edges participate in radiation, increasing the equivalent electrical size and compensating for low-frequency phase lag; at high frequencies, the oblique edges of the triangle weaken the radiation contribution, decreasing the equivalent electrical size and compensating for high-frequency phase lead. Through this adaptive mechanism, the antenna maintains stable phase matching between the electric and magnetic dipoles across the entire frequency band, thereby ensuring a distortion-free radiation pattern and minimal gain fluctuations.

[0057] V. Verification of Actual Results The simulation and test results of the antenna prototype manufactured to the specified dimensions are as follows: Figures 5 to 13 As shown: Good matching of bandwidth and port isolation: such as Figure 5 As shown, the antenna exhibits a differential reflection coefficient below -10 dB in the frequency range of 23.95-43.95 GHz, a relative impedance bandwidth exceeding 58.8%, and port isolation less than -40 dB throughout the entire operating bandwidth. This demonstrates that the present invention achieves ultra-wideband impedance matching and extremely high dual-polarization port isolation performance.

[0058] Stable high-gain characteristics: such as Figure 6 As shown, the in-band gain is consistently greater than 6.58 dBi, and the in-band gain fluctuation is less than 0.8 dBi, demonstrating stable high-gain performance. Compared with existing millimeter-wave dual-polarized differential magnetoelectric dipole antennas, the antenna of this invention effectively suppresses gain drops at both ends of the bandwidth and significantly improves gain consistency across the entire frequency band.

[0059] Stable radiation pattern and low cross-polarization level: such as Figures 7 to 11As shown, the antenna exhibits no distortion in the E / H plane radiation patterns at the five operating frequencies of 25GHz, 30GHz, 35GHz, 40GHz, and 42.5GHz. The main lobe pointing is stable, and the levels of the side lobes and back lobes are within a reasonable range. Figure 12 and Figure 13 The antenna demonstrated E / H plane main polarization and cross polarization at operating frequencies of 30 GHz and 40 GHz, with cross polarization below -35 dB, verifying the excellent performance of the present invention in suppressing cross polarization.

[0060] In summary, the antenna structure described in this embodiment achieves comprehensive performance in the millimeter-wave band through the coordinated use of differential feed structure, chamfered rectangular radiating patch, metal vias, and metal ground plane, resulting in ultra-wideband, stable high gain, high port isolation, and low cross-polarization level. It can fully cover the entire 5G millimeter-wave band (n257 / n258 / n259 / n260) and is suitable for application scenarios such as 5G / 6G high-speed data transmission, Massive MIMO, and low-Earth orbit satellite communication.

[0061] The above embodiments and dimensional parameters represent a preferred embodiment of the present invention for a target operating frequency range. It should be understood that the above description of the specific embodiments of this patent is merely an exemplary description to facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this patent by those skilled in the art, and does not imply that the scope of protection of this patent is limited to this specific embodiment. Those skilled in the art, upon fully understanding the technical solution of this patent, can obtain more different specific embodiments without creative effort by combining, replacing some technical features, or adding conventional technical features, etc., of the various technical features listed in this patent. All such embodiments derived from the core technical concept of this invention fall within the protection scope of the claims of this patent.

Claims

1. A millimeter-wave stable high-gain differential dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna, characterized in that, It includes, from top to bottom, a radiation layer, a metallic stratum, and a microstrip feed layer; The main body of the radiation layer is an upper dielectric substrate (6), and a cross-shaped metal patch (1) is provided at the center of the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate (6); rectangular radiation patches (2) are provided in the four regions divided by the cross-shaped metal patch (1), and the four rectangular radiation patches (2) are rotationally symmetrical. The main body of the metal ground layer is a medium dielectric substrate (8), and a metal floor (11) is provided under the medium dielectric substrate (8); the medium dielectric substrate (8) is connected to the upper dielectric substrate (6) through the upper PP adhesive layer (7); The main body of the microstrip feeding layer is a lower dielectric substrate (10), and the lower dielectric substrate (10) and the metal ground plane (11) are connected by a lower PP adhesive layer (9); the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate (10) has four microstrip lines (5), which extend in a straight line from the edge of the lower dielectric substrate (10) toward the middle position; the four microstrip lines (5) are rotationally symmetrical and there is no contact between adjacent ends; Each rectangular radiating patch (2) has a metal via array on its lower surface. The metal via array consists of multiple metal vias (3). The top of the metal vias (3) is connected to the rectangular radiating patch (2), and the bottom is connected to the metal floor (11). The four branches of the cross-shaped metal patch (1) are provided with metal through holes (4). The top of the metal through hole (4) is connected to the cross-shaped metal patch (1), and the bottom is connected to the inner end of the corresponding microstrip line (5). The metal through hole (4) is not in contact with the metal floor (11).

2. The millimeter-wave stable high-gain differential dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side of the rectangular radiating patch (2) is parallel to the side of the cross-shaped metal patch (1) on its nearest side.

3. The millimeter-wave stable high-gain differential dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each rectangular radiating patch (2) has two slits; the slits penetrate the rectangular radiating patch (2) and extend from the side near the cross-shaped metal patch (1) to the adjacent side away from the cross-shaped metal patch (1).

4. The millimeter-wave stable high-gain differential dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The starting ends of the two gaps are located on the two sides near the cross-shaped metal patch (1).

5. A millimeter-wave stable high-gain differential dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The metal via array is located in the area between the two gaps.

6. The millimeter-wave stable high-gain differential dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper dielectric substrate (6), middle dielectric substrate (8) and lower dielectric substrate (10) are all made of Rogers Ro4350 with a dielectric constant of 3.66 and a loss factor of 0.

004.

7. A millimeter-wave stable high-gain differential dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the upper PP adhesive layer (7) and the lower PP adhesive layer (9) are Rogers 4450F with a dielectric constant of 3.52 and a loss factor of 0.004.

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