Coaxial connector and method of assembling the same

Abstract

The application discloses a coaxial connector and an assembling method thereof, the coaxial connector comprising an outer conductor, an insulator arranged in the outer conductor and an inner conductor, the inner conductor comprising a first inner conductor and a second inner conductor, respectively used for connecting coaxial wire cores of different specifications; the outer conductor is connected with the shielding layers of two coaxial wires at two ends, and the overall structure can be adjusted in size according to the characteristic impedance formula to match the transmission of radio frequency signals. The assembling method is as follows: firstly, welding of the two inner conductors and the corresponding wire cores is respectively completed, the two end inner conductor assemblies are sequentially loaded to complete the plug-in, and finally, axial locking and fixing are performed through a locking member. The product has the advantages of few parts, low cost, small size, high assembling efficiency, and can be designed for impedance matching according to signal requirements to ensure signal transmission quality, meanwhile, the split inner conductor is welded in a separate manner, the risk of virtual welding caused by heat conduction is avoided, the product reliability is remarkably improved, and the product is suitable for cable assembly switching scenarios of multi-channel radio frequency long-distance transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of radio frequency coaxial connector technology, specifically to a coaxial connector that can be adapted to coaxial wires of different specifications and its assembly method. Background Technology

[0002] In the design and manufacturing of cable assemblies, when multi-channel long-distance transmission of coaxial cables is involved, the small size and high core density of the integrated connector result in a small outer diameter of the coaxial conductor leading out from the integrated connector end. To reduce the overall link loss, this is usually achieved by converting the small-diameter coaxial conductor to a larger-diameter conductor.

[0003] like Figure 1 As shown, in order to ensure the electrical performance and reliability of the cable assembly, in the prior art, the interface at the junction of the small-diameter coaxial conductor and the large-diameter coaxial conductor is defined as the SMA interface, and the SMA type radio frequency coaxial connector is used for connection. That is, a pair of plug and socket adapters are used, namely the mutually compatible SMA-J connector and SMA-K connector. After the adapter head is inserted, a heat shrink tubing is used for external protection.

[0004] The aforementioned existing technical solutions have the following shortcomings: First, the adapter requires two independent connector devices, resulting in numerous parts, high cost, and heavy weight. Furthermore, the adapter area is large, making it difficult to adapt to the installation requirements of confined spaces. Second, two types of connectors need to be assembled separately, and after assembly, the entire assembly process requires heat-shrink tubing for protection against loosening. This makes the assembly process cumbersome and reduces product assembly efficiency. Third, the standard SMA connector has a fixed structural size, and the adapter components cannot be designed for impedance matching according to signal requirements, thus failing to effectively ensure signal transmission quality.

[0005] In summary, existing coaxial cable adapter technologies suffer from numerous components, large size, low assembly efficiency, and insufficient impedance matching flexibility, failing to simultaneously meet the multiple requirements of miniaturization, low cost, high reliability, and adjustable impedance.

[0006] It should be noted that the analysis of the above technical information is the result of creative labor. The detailed description of it in the background section is only intended to deepen the understanding of the non-obviousness of the overall background technology of this application by those skilled in the art, and should not be regarded as an admission or in any form an implication that the above technical information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a coaxial connector. The technical problem to be solved is: how to provide a coaxial connector that reduces the number of product parts, lowers costs, reduces the volume of the transition area, and improves assembly efficiency, while allowing impedance matching design according to signal requirements to effectively ensure signal transmission quality. This invention also provides an assembly method for the above-mentioned coaxial connector. The technical problem to be solved is: how to achieve step-by-step welding and assembly of the split inner conductor, avoiding the risk of thermal conduction and poor soldering during the welding of the single inner conductor, and improving welding quality and product reliability.

[0008] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0009] A coaxial connector includes an outer conductor, an insulator disposed within the outer conductor, and an inner conductor. The two ends of the inner conductor are used to connect coaxial wires of different specifications. The inner conductor includes a detachably connected inner conductor one and an inner conductor two. Inner conductor one is used to connect a core one of coaxial wire one, and inner conductor two is used to connect a core two of coaxial wire two. The insulator supports and positions the inner conductor and isolates the inner conductor from the electrical conduction between the outer conductor and the inner conductor. The outer conductor is a single-piece structure used to support and position the insulator, and to connect a shielding layer one of coaxial wire one and a shielding layer two of coaxial wire two.

[0010] Beneficial effects: The integrated adapter structure, which combines a single outer conductor with a split inner conductor, replaces the existing dual-connector mating scheme. Only one connector device is needed to achieve the adapter between coaxial wires of different specifications, which greatly reduces the number of product parts, lowers costs and weight, and significantly reduces the overall volume of the adapter area, making it suitable for installation in confined spaces. The split inner conductor can be soldered to the corresponding wires separately before assembly, providing a structural basis for improving welding quality.

[0011] Furthermore, at the connection end between the inner conductor one and the inner conductor two, the inner conductor one and the inner conductor two are detachably connected through mutually compatible elastic sockets and pin structures.

[0012] Beneficial effects: Inner conductor one and inner conductor two achieve detachable flexible connection through the flexible socket and pin structure, which not only ensures the reliability of the electrical connection between the two inner conductors, but also allows the two inner conductors to be independently soldered to their corresponding wires before being assembled together. Structurally, this avoids the problem of heat conduction to the other end during the soldering of the one-piece inner conductor, which would cause the solidified solder to melt again. This effectively reduces the risk of poor soldering and improves the stability of soldering quality and product electrical performance.

[0013] Furthermore, the terminal of the inner conductor one is provided with a welding cylinder one for accommodating solder and the wire core one, and the terminal of the inner conductor two is provided with a welding cylinder two for accommodating solder and the wire core two.

[0014] A welding cylinder is installed at the terminal of the inner conductor. The welding cylinder can pre-fill the solder and accommodate the wire core, so that the solder can fully wrap the wire core when welding. The welding area is large, the connection strength is high, and the welding quality is reliable. At the same time, the structure of the welding cylinder facilitates the welding operation and helps to improve welding consistency and assembly efficiency.

[0015] Furthermore, the coaxial connector also includes a locking element that is detachably connected to the outer conductor. The locking element applies an axial force through one end of the outer conductor to lock and position the insulator and the inner conductor within the cavity of the outer conductor.

[0016] Beneficial effects: By applying axial force from one end of the outer conductor through the locking element, the insulator and inner conductor are locked and positioned as a whole in the inner cavity of the outer conductor, thus achieving axial fixation of the internal components, preventing axial movement of the components during use, and ensuring the reliability of the connector connection and the stability of electrical performance; the locking element and the outer conductor are detachably connected, which facilitates assembly and maintenance.

[0017] Furthermore, the second shielding layer is electrically connected to the outer conductor through the metal bushing, and the locking member locks and positions the insulator and the inner conductor through the metal bushing.

[0018] Beneficial effects: On the one hand, the metal bushing serves as a conductive transition component, enabling electrical conduction between the coaxial conductor's second shield layer and the outer conductor, ensuring the continuity of the shield layer; on the other hand, it serves as a force transmission component, transmitting the axial locking force of the locking component to the insulator and the inner conductor, achieving locking and positioning of internal components. It serves two purposes and has a simplified structure.

[0019] Furthermore, one end of the outer conductor is provided with a soldering hole for connecting the first shielding layer, and the metal bushing is provided with a soldering hole for connecting the second shielding layer.

[0020] Beneficial effects: Soldering holes are provided on the outer conductor and the metal bushing respectively. When soldering the shielding layer, solder can be added from the outside through the soldering holes, so that the solder fills the gap between the shielding layer and the inner wall of the outer conductor (or metal bushing). The operation is convenient and the soldering quality is controllable. At the same time, the soldering holes can be used as observation holes to judge whether the solder filling is full.

[0021] Further, the insulator includes an insulator one nested within the inner conductor one, an insulator two nested within the inner conductor two, a perforated insulating sheet one supported at the terminal of the inner conductor one, and a perforated insulating sheet two supported at the terminal of the inner conductor two; or the insulator includes an integral insulator nested within the inner conductor one and the inner conductor two, a perforated insulating sheet one supported at the terminal of the inner conductor one, and a perforated insulating sheet two supported at the terminal of the inner conductor two.

[0022] Beneficial effects: The insulator adopts a split (insulator one + insulator two) or integrated structure with perforated insulating sheets at both ends. It can provide radial support and positioning for the plug-in ends of the two inner conductors, and also provide axial support and insulation isolation for the wiring ends of the inner conductors through the perforated insulating sheets, preventing electrical contact between the inner conductors and the shielding layer. The perforated insulating sheets have a central opening for the wire core to pass through, which is simple in structure and easy to assemble. Both split and integrated solutions are available to suit different processing and assembly requirements.

[0023] Furthermore, the inner cavity of the outer conductor is sequentially provided with a first step surface, a second step surface, and a third step surface facing the same direction. One end of the insulator abuts against the first step surface, and the other end abuts against one end of the insulator. The other end of the insulator is provided with an annular protrusion. The step surface between the pin structure of the inner conductor and the welding cylinder is used to press the annular protrusion against the second step surface. The locking member is used to press one end of the metal bushing against the third step surface. The perforated insulating sheet is supported between the welding cylinder and the metal bushing.

[0024] Beneficial effects: The outer conductor's inner cavity is provided with a three-stage stepped surface, which, together with the annular protrusion of the second insulator, the stepped surface of the second inner conductor, and the metal bushing, forms a step-by-step axial positioning and locking structure, making the axial position of each internal component precisely controllable and the locking force transmission path clear and reliable; the perforated insulating sheet is supported between the second welded cylinder and the metal bushing, which not only achieves insulation isolation but also serves as an intermediate part for axial force transmission, ensuring the axial positioning of the second inner conductor.

[0025] Furthermore, the characteristic impedance of the coaxial connector is designed for matching according to the following formula:

[0026] ;

[0027] Here, D is the characteristic impedance, D is the inner diameter of the outer conductor, and d is the outer diameter of the inner conductor. is the dielectric constant of the insulator.

[0028] Beneficial effects: The characteristic impedance of a coaxial connector can be matched by adjusting parameters such as the inner diameter of the outer conductor, the outer diameter of the inner conductor, and the dielectric constant of the insulator. This allows the connector to optimize impedance matching according to specific wire specifications and signal frequency bands, effectively ensuring the transmission quality of 50Ω RF signals, reducing signal reflection and transmission loss, and improving adaptability.

[0029] Correspondingly, the present invention also provides an assembly method for the above-mentioned coaxial connector, comprising the following steps:

[0030] Based on the target characteristic impedance requirements, the outer conductor, insulator one, insulator two, perforated insulating sheet one, perforated insulating sheet two, inner conductor one, inner conductor two, metal bushing and locking components are matched, designed and manufactured.

[0031] Insert the perforated insulating sheet onto the core of the coaxial conductor, and then weld the inner conductor to the core.

[0032] Insert the locking piece and the metal bushing into the second coaxial conductor in sequence, weld the second shielding layer of the second coaxial conductor to the metal bushing and fix it, insert the second perforated insulating sheet into the second core of the second coaxial conductor, and then weld the second inner conductor to the second core and fix it.

[0033] Insulator one and insulator two are sequentially inserted into the inner cavity of the outer conductor to complete axial and radial positioning;

[0034] The inner conductor with the coaxial wire welded to it is inserted into the inner cavity from the first end of the outer conductor, so that the insulator is nested inside the inner conductor, the perforated insulating sheet is supported on the terminal of the inner conductor, and the shielding layer of the coaxial wire is welded to the outer conductor to make it conductive.

[0035] The inner conductor 2, which is welded with the second coaxial wire, is inserted into the inner cavity from the second end of the outer conductor, so that the second insulator is nested inside the second inner conductor. The second inner conductor is plugged into the first inner conductor and conducts through it. The perforated insulating sheet 2 is supported on the terminal of the second inner conductor. The second shielding layer of the second coaxial wire is in contact with the outer conductor through the metal bushing and conducts through it.

[0036] Tighten the locking component, and the locking component presses the perforated insulating sheet two through the metal bushing, thereby locking and positioning the inner conductor two, the insulator two, and the insulator one as a whole in the inner cavity of the outer conductor.

[0037] Beneficial effects: This assembly method involves independently soldering the two inner conductors to their corresponding wires before inserting the outer conductor to complete the connection. This avoids the problem of heat being conducted through the inner conductor to the other end during the soldering of the one-piece inner conductor, causing the solidified solder to melt again. This fundamentally eliminates the risk of poor soldering and improves the soldering quality. The perforated insulating sheet is pre-inserted into the wire core before soldering and is inserted into the soldering cylinder along with the wire core. The assembly sequence is reasonable and the positioning of the insulating sheet is reliable. The overall assembly process is clear and easy to operate, effectively improving the product assembly efficiency and connection reliability.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] 1. The product has fewer parts, lower cost, lighter weight, and smaller size. It adopts an integrated adapter structure with a single outer conductor and a separate inner conductor, replacing the existing dual-connector mating solution. Only one connector device is needed to realize the conversion of coaxial wires of different specifications, which greatly reduces the number of parts, lowers cost and weight, and reduces the volume of the conversion area.

[0040] 2. Higher product assembly efficiency. There is no need to assemble two separate connectors; the entire assembly can be completed simply by welding the inner conductor in stages, inserting the outer conductor, and locking it in place. This reduces the number of steps, simplifies operation, and effectively improves production and assembly efficiency.

[0041] 3. The adapter component can be impedance matched according to the wire specifications and signal requirements, which can effectively ensure the signal transmission quality. By adjusting parameters such as the inner diameter of the outer conductor, the outer diameter of the inner conductor, and the dielectric constant of the insulator through the characteristic impedance formula, impedance matching can be optimized in a targeted manner to reduce signal reflection and transmission loss.

[0042] 4. The split inner conductor design effectively avoids the risk of poor soldering. The two inner conductors are independently soldered before being plugged together for assembly, avoiding heat conduction problems that occur when soldering a single inner conductor. This ensures reliable soldering quality and guarantees the electrical performance and service life of the product. Attached Figure Description

[0043] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this technical solution, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this technical solution. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a transfer method in the prior art;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the coaxial connector in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the coaxial connector in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A sectional view;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the coaxial connector after assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the inner conductor and the coaxial wire are welded in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the coaxial conductor 2 is welded to the metal bushing in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the inner conductor 2 and the coaxial wire 2 are welded in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0053] 1-Outer conductor; 10-Tin hole one; 11-First step surface; 12-Second step surface; 13-Third step surface;

[0054] 2-Insulator; 21-Insulator One; 22-Insulator Two; 221-Annular Protrusion; 23-Perforated Insulating Sheet One; 24-Perforated Insulating Sheet Two;

[0055] 3-Inner conductor; 31-Inner conductor one; 311-Flexible socket; 312-Welding cylinder one; 313-Observation hole one; 32-Inner conductor two; 321-Pin structure; 322-Welding cylinder two; 323-Observation hole two;

[0056] 41-Coaxial conductor one; 411-Wire core one; 412-Shielding layer one;

[0057] 42-Coaxial conductor two; 421-Wire core two; 422-Shielding layer two;

[0058] 5-Locking element;

[0059] 6-Metal bushing; 61-Tin hole 2; 62-Step ring. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the core concept of the present invention and the following embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] All terms used in this application have the same meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms defined in general dictionaries should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the relevant art, and not as idealized or highly formalized, unless expressly defined herein.

[0062] It should be noted that techniques, methods and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods and equipment should be considered part of the instruction manual.

[0063] It should be noted that these embodiments are provided to make the application thorough and complete, and to fully express the scope of the application to those skilled in the art. It should be observed that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of components and steps, material composition, numerical expressions, and values ​​described in these embodiments should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limiting.

[0064] In the description of this technical solution, it should be understood that the terms "lateral," "longitudinal," "left," "right," "top," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used solely for the convenience of describing the technical solution and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this technical solution. Furthermore, the terms "a" and "two" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "a" or "two" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this technical solution, "several" means at least one, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0065] In this technical solution, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this technical solution can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0066] Example 1: Basic Structure of a Coaxial Connector

[0067] like Figures 2 to 5 As shown, the coaxial connector described in this embodiment includes an outer conductor 1, an insulator 2, and an inner conductor 3. The outer conductor 1 is a single-piece hollow structure, serving as the external support housing of the connector, with its two ends used to accommodate coaxial wires of different specifications. The insulator 2 is disposed within the cavity of the outer conductor 1, supporting and positioning the inner conductor 3 while isolating the inner conductor 3 from the outer conductor 1. The inner conductor 3 is disposed within the central hole of the insulator 2, with its two ends used to connect the cores of coaxial wires of different specifications.

[0068] The inner conductor 3 includes a detachably connected inner conductor 31 and an inner conductor 32. Inner conductor 31 is located on the left side of the connector and is used to connect the core 411 of coaxial conductor 41; inner conductor 32 is located on the right side of the connector and is used to connect the core 421 of coaxial conductor 42. Coaxial conductor 41 and coaxial conductor 42 are coaxial conductors of different specifications, for example, one end is a small-gauge coaxial conductor and the other end is a large-gauge coaxial conductor, to achieve the conversion between small-gauge and large-gauge conductors.

[0069] The outer conductor 1 is a single-unit structure used to support and position the insulator 2, and also to connect the shielding layer 412 of the first coaxial conductor 41 and the shielding layer 422 of the second coaxial conductor 42, achieving electrical conductivity and structural fixation of the shielding layers at both ends. It should be noted that the first coaxial conductor 41 and the second coaxial conductor 42 are existing technologies, with an insulating layer between their cores and shielding layers. A brief description of them does not affect the implementation of this embodiment. Furthermore, the technical solution provided by this invention is applicable to all coaxial conductors of the same type as the first coaxial conductor 41 and the second coaxial conductor 42.

[0070] By adopting the above-mentioned single-unit outer conductor combined with split-type inner conductor, only one connector device is needed to replace the existing SMA plug and socket mating scheme. The number of product parts is greatly reduced, the volume of the transition area is significantly reduced, and both cost and weight are reduced.

[0071] Example 2: Insertion and Welding Structure of Inner Conductor

[0072] This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, provides a detailed description of the specific structure of the inner conductor.

[0073] like Figure 5 As shown, the connection ends of inner conductor 1 31 and inner conductor 2 32 are detachably connected through mutually compatible flexible sockets 311 and pin structures 321. Specifically, the right end of inner conductor 1 31 (i.e., the end that intersects with inner conductor 2 32, defined as the front end) is an open hole structure, forming the flexible socket 311; the left end of inner conductor 2 32 (i.e., the end that intersects with inner conductor 1 31, defined as the front end) is a pin structure 321 that elastically engages with the open hole structure. The pin structure 321 can be inserted into the flexible socket 311, achieving electrical conduction and mechanical connection between the two inner conductors through elastic contact.

[0074] It should be noted that, in addition to the implementation method, the mutually compatible flexible sockets and pin structures can be arranged in opposite ways, that is, the flexible sockets are located on the inner conductor two, while the pin structures are located on the inner conductor one, and the insertion method is the same. This embodiment will not be described in detail.

[0075] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the rear ends of inner conductor 31 and inner conductor 32 (i.e., the end connected to the conductor core, defined as the rear end / terminal) are both welding ends, and are respectively provided with welding cylinder 312 and welding cylinder 322. Welding cylinder 312 is a hollow cylindrical structure used to accommodate solder and the conductor core 411 of coaxial conductor 41, so as to realize the welding and fixing of inner conductor 31 and conductor core 411; similarly, welding cylinder 322 is used to accommodate solder and the conductor core 421 of coaxial conductor 42, so as to realize the welding and fixing of inner conductor 32 and conductor core 421.

[0076] Preferably, observation holes 313 and 323 are provided on welding cylinder 312 and welding cylinder 322 respectively, and they have the same function, both used to observe the soldering state and welding state.

[0077] The detachable connection using a flexible socket and pin structure allows inner conductor 31 and inner conductor 32 to be independently soldered to their corresponding wires before being inserted into the outer conductor 1 for mating assembly. Compared to a one-piece molded inner conductor, the split design of this invention avoids the following problems: When a one-piece molded inner conductor is soldered at one end, the heat will be conducted to the other end due to the thermal conductivity of the inner conductor, causing the already solidified solder on the other end to remelt, resulting in poor soldering quality or the risk of cold solder joints. This invention separates and solders the two inner conductors separately, fundamentally eliminating the risk of cold solder joints caused by heat conduction, and improving the reliability of soldering quality and the electrical performance of the product.

[0078] The welding cylinder design allows the solder to fully encapsulate the wire core during welding, resulting in a large welding area and high connection strength. It also facilitates pre-applied solder and welding operations, which helps improve welding consistency.

[0079] Example 3: Locking component and metal bushing structure

[0080] This embodiment, based on the above embodiments, provides a detailed description of the structure and function of the locking component and the metal bushing.

[0081] The coaxial connector also includes a locking member 5 detachably connected to the outer conductor 1. The locking member 5 is specifically a nut structure with external threads on its inner wall, which are adapted to connect with the external threads on the inner wall of the right end of the outer conductor 1. The locking member 5 applies axial force through the right end of the outer conductor 1, locking and positioning the insulator 2 and the inner conductor 3 within the inner cavity of the outer conductor 1.

[0082] Preferably, the coaxial connector further includes a metal bushing 6. The metal bushing 6 is a hollow metal sleeve, fitted onto the outside of the shielding layer 422 of the second coaxial conductor 42, with its left end inserted into the inner cavity of the right end of the outer conductor 1. The shielding layer 422 is electrically connected to the outer conductor 1 through the metal bushing 6. Specifically, the inner wall of the metal bushing 6 and the outer wall of the shielding layer 422 are electrically connected by welding, and the end and outer wall of the metal bushing 6 are electrically connected to the inner wall of the outer conductor 1, thereby enabling the shielding layer 422 to be electrically connected to the outer conductor 1 through the metal bushing 6.

[0083] The locking member 5 locks and positions the insulator 2 and the inner conductor 3 through the metal bushing 6. Specifically, when the locking member 5 is tightened, the left end face of the locking member 5 presses against the stepped ring 62 provided on the right end of the metal bushing 6, pushing the metal bushing 6 to the left. The left end of the metal bushing 6 then presses against the insulator 2 and the inner conductor 3 inside, achieving overall locking and positioning.

[0084] The metal bushing 6 has a dual function of conductive transition and force transmission: on the one hand, it realizes the electrical conduction between the shielding layer 422 and the outer conductor 1, ensuring the continuity of the shielding layer; on the other hand, it transmits the axial locking force of the locking member 5 to the internal components to achieve locking and positioning, and the structure is simplified.

[0085] The locking element 5 securely fixes the internal components axially, preventing axial movement during use and ensuring the reliability of the connector connection and the stability of its electrical performance. When tightening the locking element 5, it is preferable to apply an appropriate amount of DG-3S adhesive or other threadlocker to the threaded connection between the locking element 5 and the outer conductor 1 to prevent loosening, thereby improving long-term reliability.

[0086] Example 4: Soldering structure with solder holes and shielding

[0087] This embodiment, based on the above embodiments, provides a detailed description of the setting of the solder holes and the shielding soldering method.

[0088] The outer conductor 1 has a soldering hole 10 at its left end, which radially penetrates the side wall of the outer conductor 1 and is used to connect the shielding layer 412 of the coaxial wire 41. When the inner conductor 31 and the coaxial wire 41 are inserted into the outer conductor 1, an annular gap is formed between the outer wall of the shielding layer 412 and the inner wall of the outer conductor 1, and the position of this gap corresponds to the soldering hole 10. During soldering, the outer conductor 1 is heated by resistance welding, and solder is added into the gap through the soldering hole 10. After the solder fills the gap, the shielding layer 412 is soldered and fixed to the outer conductor 1, achieving electrical conductivity. The soldering hole 10 on the other side can also serve as an observation hole; soldering can be stopped when the solder from the soldering hole 10 on the other side is fully filled.

[0089] The metal bushing 6 has a second soldering hole 61, which radially penetrates the sidewall of the metal bushing 6 and is used to connect the second shielding layer 422 of the coaxial conductor 42. After the metal bushing 6 is fitted onto the outside of the second shielding layer 422, an annular gap is formed between the outer wall of the second shielding layer 422 and the inner wall of the metal bushing 6. The position of this gap corresponds to the second soldering hole 61. During soldering, the metal bushing 6 is heated with resistance welding, and solder is added into the gap through the second soldering hole 61. After the solder fills the gap, the second shielding layer 422 is welded and fixed to the metal bushing 6, achieving electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the contact between the metal bushing 6 and the outer conductor 1 achieves conductivity between the second shielding layer 422 and the outer conductor 1.

[0090] With the addition of solder holes, the shielding layer soldering operation can be performed from the outside of the connector, and the solder filling status can be observed through the solder holes, making the operation convenient and the soldering quality controllable.

[0091] Example 5: Composition and Positioning Structure of Insulators

[0092] This embodiment, based on the above embodiments, provides a detailed description of the composition of the insulator and its axial positioning structure.

[0093] Insulator 2 includes insulator one 21, insulator two 22, perforated insulating sheet one 23, and perforated insulating sheet two 24. Insulator one 21 is a hollow cylindrical structure nested outside the inner conductor one 31, providing radial support and positioning for the insertion end of the inner conductor one 31. Insulator two 22 is also a hollow cylindrical structure nested outside the inner conductor two 32, providing radial support and positioning for the insertion end of the inner conductor two 32. Perforated insulating sheet one 23 is a circular plate structure with a central hole, i.e., an annular spacer. It has a central hole for the wire core one 411 to pass through and is supported between the connection end of the inner conductor one 31 (i.e., the rear end of the welding cylinder one 312) and the front end face of the shielding layer one 412. It isolates the inner conductor one 31 from the shielding layer one 412 and also provides axial support. The perforated insulating sheet 24 has the same structure as the perforated insulating sheet 23. It is supported between the terminal of the inner conductor 32 (i.e., the rear end of the welding cylinder 322) and the metal bushing 6. It is used to isolate the inner conductor 32 from the metal bushing 6 and at the same time transmit axial locking force.

[0094] In some embodiments, the perforated insulating sheet 23 and the perforated insulating sheet 24 can be existing star-shaped spacers, i.e., annular spacers, with a hole in the center for the cable core to pass through. In their cross-section, the shaded part is solid and the blank part is non-solid.

[0095] It is understood that in other embodiments, insulator 1 21 and insulator 22 can also be designed as an integral insulator, that is, an integral hollow insulator simultaneously nests inner conductor 1 31 and inner conductor 2 32, which can also achieve radial support and positioning of the inner conductor. In this case, insulator 2 includes an integral insulator, a perforated insulating sheet 1 23 and a perforated insulating sheet 24.

[0096] The inner cavity of the outer conductor 1 is provided with a first step surface 11, a second step surface 12, and a third step surface 13 facing the same direction from left to right. The diameters of the three step surfaces decrease in sequence and all face to the right, which are used to axially limit different components respectively.

[0097] The axial positioning and locking relationships of each component are as follows: the left end of insulator 1 21 abuts against the first step surface 11, and the right end of insulator 1 21 abuts against the left end of insulator 22; the right end of insulator 22 is provided with an annular protrusion 221, and the left end face of the annular protrusion 221 abuts against the second step surface 12; a step surface is provided between the pin structure 321 of inner conductor 2 32 and welding cylinder 2 322, and this step surface presses against the right end face of insulator 222, thereby pressing the annular protrusion 221 against the second step surface 12 to achieve axial positioning of insulator 22; when the locking component 5 is tightened, the left end of the metal bushing 6 is pressed against the third step surface 13; the perforated insulating sheet 24 is supported between the right end face of welding cylinder 2 322 and the left end face of metal bushing 6.

[0098] By combining the three-level stepped surfaces with the stepped structure of each component, a clear axial force transmission path is formed: locking component 5 → metal bushing 6 → perforated insulating sheet 24 → inner conductor 32 → insulator 22 (annular protrusion 221 presses against the second stepped surface 12) → insulator 1 21 (presses against the first stepped surface 11), thereby achieving axial locking and fixing of all internal components, with precise axial position of each component and reliable locking.

[0099] Example 6: Impedance Matching Design

[0100] This embodiment illustrates the impedance matching design of a coaxial connector.

[0101] The characteristic impedance of this coaxial connector is designed for matching based on the following formula: ;

[0102] in, Let be the characteristic impedance, D be the inner diameter of outer conductor 1, and d be the outer diameter of inner conductor 3. is the dielectric constant of insulator 2.

[0103] By adjusting the inner diameter D of the outer conductor 1, the outer diameter d of the inner conductor 3, and selecting insulating materials with different dielectric constants, the characteristic impedance of the coaxial connector can be flexibly adjusted to match the characteristic impedance of the connected coaxial wire, thus enabling the transmission of 50Ω RF signals. During the product design phase, the key dimensional parameters of each component can be calculated and determined according to the characteristic impedance requirements of the target transmitted signal, based on the aforementioned formula. This allows for targeted impedance matching design, effectively ensuring signal transmission quality and reducing signal reflection and transmission loss.

[0104] Example 7: Assembly method of coaxial connector

[0105] This embodiment details the assembly method of the coaxial connector described above, which includes the following steps:

[0106] Step 1: Component fabrication and impedance matching design

[0107] Based on the target characteristic impedance requirements (50Ω RF signal transmission in this embodiment), the key dimensions of the outer conductor 1, insulator 1 21, insulator 2 22, perforated insulating sheet 1 23, perforated insulating sheet 2 24, inner conductor 1 31, inner conductor 2 32, metal bushing 6, and locking member 5 are matched and designed according to the above characteristic impedance formula, and the above components are manufactured.

[0108] Step 2: Insert the perforated insulating sheet and weld it to the inner conductor core.

[0109] The welding of inner conductor 31 to coaxial wire 41 and inner conductor 32 to coaxial wire 42 are completed separately. The two welding processes are independent of each other and do not affect each other.

[0110] like Figure 6 As shown, the wiring process of inner conductor 31 is as follows:

[0111] (1) A section of solder is pre-placed in the welding tube 312 at the tail of the inner conductor 31, and the length of the solder is based on the depth of the welding tube 312.

[0112] (2) Heat the soldering cylinder 312 with a soldering iron to melt the solder inside. If the solder does not fill the soldering cylinder 312, continue to add solder.

[0113] (3) Place the perforated insulating sheet 23 onto the core 411 of the coaxial conductor 41 and tighten it.

[0114] (4) Heat the inner conductor 31 with a soldering iron to keep the solder in the soldering tube 312 molten. Before the solder solidifies, insert the wire core 411 into the soldering tube 312 and press the cable into place.

[0115] (5) Remove the soldering iron and hold the cable in place until the solder cools down naturally;

[0116] (6) Clean up any excess solder that has overflowed from the solder joint.

[0117] like Figure 8 As shown, the wiring process of inner conductor 2 32 is basically the same as that of inner conductor 1 31:

[0118] (1) A section of solder is pre-placed in the welding tube 322 at the tail of the inner conductor 32, with the length exceeding the welding tube 322;

[0119] (2) Heat the soldering cylinder 322 with a soldering iron to melt the solder. If it is not full, continue to add solder.

[0120] (3) Place the perforated insulating sheet 24 onto the core 421 of the coaxial conductor 42 and tighten it.

[0121] (4) Heat the inner conductor 32 with a soldering iron to melt the solder. Before the solder solidifies, insert the wire core 421 into the welding tube 322 and tighten the cable.

[0122] (5) Remove the soldering iron and hold the cable until the solder cools down naturally;

[0123] (6) Clean up excess solder.

[0124] Both the perforated insulating sheet 23 and the perforated insulating sheet 24 are inserted onto the wire core before the corresponding inner conductor is welded and fixed to the wire core. They are then inserted into the welding cylinder together with the wire core to complete the welding. After welding, the insulating sheet is located between the inner conductor terminal and the wire shielding layer, achieving insulation isolation and axial support.

[0125] The wiring process of inner conductor 2 32 differs from that of inner conductor 1 31 in that: first, locking piece 5 and metal bushing 6 are sequentially inserted into coaxial conductor 2 42, then shielding layer 2 422 of coaxial conductor 2 42 is welded and fixed to metal bushing 6, then perforated insulating sheet 2 24 is inserted into core 2 421 of coaxial conductor 2 42, and finally inner conductor 2 32 is welded and fixed to core 2 421.

[0126] Specifically, such as Figure 7 As shown: Locking piece 5 is fitted onto coaxial conductor 42, and metal bushing 6 is fitted onto the shielding layer 422 of coaxial conductor 42. Metal bushing 6 is heated using resistance welding. Similarly, solder is added through the soldering hole 62 at one end of metal bushing 6, and soldering is stopped when the soldering hole 62 at the other end is fully filled, allowing the solder to cool completely. The gap between the inner wall of metal bushing 6 and shielding layer 422 is used to fill the gap with solder. After cooling, metal bushing 6 and shielding layer 422 are welded and fixed, and they are electrically connected. Then, the perforated insulating sheet 24 is fitted onto the core 421 of coaxial conductor 42, and finally, the inner conductor 32 is welded and fixed to the core 421.

[0127] Step 3: Insert the insulator into the outer conductor

[0128] Insulator 1 21 is inserted into the inner cavity from the right end of the outer conductor 1 until the left end of insulator 1 21 abuts against the first step surface 11; then insulator 22 is inserted into the inner cavity from the right end of the outer conductor 1 until the left end face of the annular protrusion 221 of insulator 22 abuts against the second step surface 12, thus completing the axial and radial positioning of insulator 1 21 and insulator 22.

[0129] Step 4: Install the inner conductor assembly and solder it to the left end shield.

[0130] The inner conductor 31, with the coaxial wire 41 welded to it, is inserted into the inner cavity from the left end of the outer conductor 1, so that the plug end (elastic plug hole 311) of the inner conductor 31 passes through the central hole of the insulator 21. The insulator 21 nests the inner conductor 31 to form radial positioning. The perforated insulating sheet 23 is supported between the rear end of the welding cylinder 312 of the inner conductor 31 and the front end face of the shielding layer 412.

[0131] At this point, the shielding layer 412 of the coaxial conductor 41 extends into the inner cavity at the left end of the outer conductor 1, forming an annular gap between the outer wall of the shielding layer 412 and the inner wall of the outer conductor 1. This gap corresponds to the soldering hole 10. The outer conductor 1 is heated by resistance welding, and solder is added into the gap through the soldering hole 10 until the gap is fully filled. Then, the soldering is stopped. After the solder has completely cooled, the welding and connection between the shielding layer 412 and the outer conductor 1 are completed, and the structure is fixed.

[0132] Step 5: Install the inner conductor assembly.

[0133] The inner conductor 32, which is welded with coaxial wire 42, is inserted into the inner cavity from the right end of the outer conductor 1, so that the pin structure 321 of the inner conductor 32 is inserted into the elastic socket 311 of the inner conductor 31, forming an elastic plug-in connection; the insulator 22 is nested in the inner conductor 32 to form radial positioning, and the perforated insulating sheet 24 is supported at the rear end of the welding cylinder 322 of the inner conductor 32.

[0134] At this time, the left end of the metal bushing 6 is inserted into the inner cavity of the right end of the outer conductor 1. Since the outer wall of the shielding layer 422 and the inner wall of the metal bushing 6 are electrically connected, the shielding layer 422 and the outer conductor 1 are connected through the contact between the metal bushing 6 and the outer conductor 1.

[0135] Step Six: Locking and Fixing

[0136] Tighten the locking member 5 so that it is screwed to the left along the external thread at the right end of the outer conductor 1. The left end face of the locking member 5 presses against the stepped ring 62 at the right end of the metal bushing 6. During the screwing process, the metal bushing 6 is pressed to the left, so that the left end of the metal bushing 6 presses against the third stepped surface 13. At this time, the left end of the metal bushing 6 simultaneously presses against the rear end of the perforated insulating sheet 24. The perforated insulating sheet 24 then presses the inner conductor 32 against the insulator 22. The stepped surface of the inner conductor 32 presses the annular protrusion 221 of the insulator 22 against the second stepped surface 12. The left end of the insulator 22 presses against the insulator 21, and the left end of the insulator 21 presses against the first stepped surface 11, thereby achieving axial locking and fixing of all internal components.

[0137] When tightening the locking part 5, apply an appropriate amount of DG-3S glue or other thread-locking glue to the threaded connection between the locking part 5 and the outer conductor 1 to prevent loosening, thus completing the assembly of the entire coaxial connector.

[0138] The core feature of the above assembly method is that the two inner conductors are welded and assembled separately before being inserted into the outer conductor to complete the mating. This design effectively avoids the problem of one-piece molded inner conductors—when one end of the one-piece molded inner conductor is welded, the already solidified weld on the other end will remelt due to the thermal conductivity of the inner conductor, resulting in poor weld quality or the risk of incomplete welds. This invention fundamentally eliminates this risk by welding the separate inner conductors separately.

[0139] All aspects not detailed in this invention are conventional technical means known to those skilled in the art.

[0140] The above content shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and beneficial effects of this technical solution. The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of this technical solution. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this technical solution should be included within the protection scope of this technical solution.

Claims

1. A coaxial connector, characterized in that, It includes an outer conductor (1) and an insulator (2) and an inner conductor (3) disposed inside the outer conductor (1). The two ends of the inner conductor (3) are used to connect coaxial wires of different specifications. The inner conductor (3) includes a detachably connected inner conductor one (31) and inner conductor two (32). The inner conductor one (31) is used to connect the core one (411) of the coaxial conductor one (41), and the inner conductor two (32) is used to connect the core two (421) of the coaxial conductor two (42). The insulator (2) is used to support and position the inner conductor and to isolate the inner conductor (3) from the outer conductor (1) for electrical conduction; The outer conductor (1) is a single-unit structure used to support and position the insulator (2), and to connect the shielding layer one (412) of the coaxial conductor one (41) and the shielding layer two (422) of the coaxial conductor two (42).

2. The coaxial connector according to claim 1, characterized in that, At the connection end of the inner conductor one (31) and the inner conductor two (32), the inner conductor one (31) and the inner conductor two (32) are detachably connected by mutually compatible elastic sockets (311) and pin structures (321).

3. The coaxial connector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The terminal of the inner conductor one (31) is provided with a soldering tube one (311) for accommodating solder and the wire core one (411), and the terminal of the inner conductor two (32) is provided with a soldering tube two (322) for accommodating solder and the wire core two (421).

4. The coaxial connector according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a locking member (5) detachably connected to the outer conductor (1), which applies an axial force through one end of the outer conductor (1) to lock and position the insulator (2) and the inner conductor (3) in the cavity of the outer conductor (1).

5. The coaxial connector according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second shielding layer (422) is electrically connected to the outer conductor (1) through the metal bushing (6), and the locking member (5) locks and positions the insulator (2) and the inner conductor (3) through the metal bushing (6).

6. The coaxial connector according to claim 5, characterized in that, One end of the outer conductor (1) is provided with a soldering hole (10) for connecting the shielding layer (412), and the metal bushing (6) is provided with a soldering hole (61) for connecting the shielding layer (422).

7. The coaxial connector according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The insulator (2) includes an insulator (21) nested in the inner conductor (31), an insulator (22) nested in the inner conductor (32), a perforated insulating sheet (23) supported at the terminal of the inner conductor (31), and a perforated insulating sheet (24) supported at the terminal of the inner conductor (32). Alternatively, the insulator (2) may include an integral insulator that nests the inner conductor one (31) and the inner conductor two (32), a perforated insulating sheet one (23) supported at the terminal of the inner conductor one (31), and a perforated insulating sheet two (24) supported at the terminal of the inner conductor two (32).

8. The coaxial connector according to claim 7, characterized in that, The inner cavity of the outer conductor (1) is provided with a first step surface (11), a second step surface (12), and a third step surface (13) facing the same direction. One end of the insulator (21) abuts against the first step (11) and the other end abuts against one end of the insulator (22). The other end of the insulator (22) is provided with an annular protrusion (221). The step surface between the pin structure (321) of the inner conductor (32) and the welding cylinder (322) is used to press the annular protrusion (221) against the second step surface (12). The locking member (5) is used to press one end of the metal bushing (6) against the third step surface (13). The perforated insulating sheet (24) is supported between the welding cylinder (322) and the metal bushing (6).

9. The coaxial connector according to any one of claims 1-2, 4-6, and 8, characterized in that, The characteristic impedance is matched and designed according to the following formula: ; Here, D is the characteristic impedance, D is the inner diameter of the outer conductor, and d is the outer diameter of the inner conductor. is the dielectric constant of the insulator.

10. A method for assembling a coaxial connector, characterized in that, The coaxial connector of claim 9 is assembled by the following operations: According to the target characteristic impedance requirements, the outer conductor (1), insulator one (21), insulator two (22), perforated insulating sheet one (23), perforated insulating sheet two (24), inner conductor one (31), inner conductor two (32), metal bushing (6) and locking element (5) are matched, designed and fabricated. Insert the perforated insulating sheet (23) onto the core (411) of the coaxial conductor (41), and then weld the inner conductor (31) to the core (411) for fixation. Locking piece (5) and metal bushing (6) are sequentially inserted into coaxial conductor two (42), shielding layer two (422) of coaxial conductor two (42) is welded and fixed to metal bushing (6), perforated insulating sheet two (24) is inserted into core two (421) of coaxial conductor two (42), and inner conductor two (32) is welded and fixed to core two (421); Insulator 1 (21) and insulator 2 (22) are sequentially inserted into the inner cavity of the outer conductor (1) to complete the axial and radial positioning; The inner conductor (31) with the coaxial wire (41) welded on it is inserted into the inner cavity from the first end of the outer conductor (1), so that the insulator (21) nests the inner conductor (31), the perforated insulating sheet (23) is supported on the terminal of the inner conductor (31), and the shielding layer (412) of the coaxial wire (41) is welded to the outer conductor (1) to conduct electricity. The inner conductor 2 (32) with the coaxial wire 2 (42) welded on is inserted into the inner cavity from the second end of the outer conductor (1), so that the insulator 2 (22) nests the inner conductor 2 (32), the inner conductor 2 (32) is plugged into the inner conductor 1 (31) and connected, the perforated insulating sheet 2 (24) is supported on the terminal of the inner conductor 2 (32), and the shielding layer 2 (422) of the coaxial wire 2 (42) is in contact with the outer conductor (1) through the metal bushing (6) and connected; Tighten the locking part (5), and the locking part (5) presses the perforated insulating sheet (24) against the metal bushing (6), thereby locking and positioning the inner conductor (32), the insulator (22) and the insulator (21) as a whole in the inner cavity of the outer conductor (1).

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