An open-air distribution box based on smart grid

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of distribution boxes, and discloses an open-air distribution box based on a smart power grid, which comprises a box body, a door body, a control element, two liquid storage bottles, a conveying execution assembly, two conveying pipelines provided with electromagnetic valves and connected with the two liquid storage bottles, and an outlet pipeline connected with a discharge pipeline provided with an annular nozzle and longitudinally extended; the control element comprises a primary acquisition module, a secondary acquisition module, a data processing module, a primary correction module, a secondary correction module and a panel; the primary acquisition module acquires temperature, smoke and current; the secondary acquisition module verifies at a high frequency when exceeding the limit and diagnoses by using a redundant sensor; the data processing module compares with a threshold value and outputs normal, early warning or danger; the primary correction module outputs a basic frequency and gradually sprays when in danger, and overloading is first disconnected; the secondary correction module finely adjusts according to a sliding window mean difference when early warning; the panel supports parameter setting switching, is equipped with wireless communication and a backup power supply; the application realizes multi-stage verification and self-adaptive hierarchical spraying, and improves outdoor safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of distribution box technology, specifically to an open-air distribution box based on a smart grid. Background Technology

[0002] Outdoor distribution boxes, as crucial equipment in the end-point power distribution of smart grids, are widely deployed in outdoor settings such as urban roads, industrial parks, and rural power grids. Due to prolonged exposure to complex climatic conditions such as sunlight, rain, and alternating high and low temperatures, their internal electrical components are prone to abnormal temperature rises due to high-temperature overload, poor contact, or aging wiring, which can even lead to insulation failure or fire accidents in severe cases. While some existing distribution boxes are equipped with temperature monitoring and simple air-cooling or spray cooling devices, they generally suffer from the following shortcomings:

[0003] Firstly, the monitoring methods are limited, mostly relying on single-sample temperature or smoke signals for threshold judgment, lacking the ability to identify instantaneous fluctuations and faults in the sensors, which easily leads to false alarms or missed alarms; especially in environments with strong electromagnetic interference or vibration, the output signal of a single sensor may jump, causing the protection system to malfunction or fail to operate.

[0004] Secondly, existing spraying or cooling control strategies are relatively crude. They usually only start constant flow spraying after the temperature or smoke concentration reaches the danger threshold, and cannot dynamically adjust the spray volume according to the degree of temperature rise and the trend of change. This on-off method may waste extinguishing media and shorten the effective spraying time. On the other hand, it lacks a smooth transition adjustment means in the early warning stage, making it difficult to meet the dual needs of early suppression and extreme emergency response.

[0005] Third, the logic for handling the relationship between overload current, temperature rise, and smoke is not clear enough. Some systems start spraying when there is a simple overload but before a significant temperature rise and smoke have occurred. This not only wastes the medium but may also interfere with the maintenance personnel's troubleshooting of electrical fault sources. At the same time, most existing equipment does not support the graded progression of the spraying strategy. When the danger continues to worsen, there is a lack of a complete handling chain from pulse spraying to continuous spraying and then to the release of all the medium.

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need in this field for an intelligent outdoor power distribution box that can achieve multi-level redundant data acquisition and verification, adaptively adjust the injection frequency according to temperature change trends, and possess progressive emergency injection logic, so as to improve the operational reliability and safety protection level of smart grid terminal equipment in harsh environments. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the technical problems in the prior art, this application provides an open-air distribution box based on a smart grid.

[0008] The present application provides an open-air distribution box based on a smart grid, which adopts the following technical solution: it includes a box body, a door hinged to one side of the box body, a control component installed on the top of the box body and located above the door, two liquid storage bottles, a conveying execution component, two conveying pipelines and a discharge pipeline. The conveying execution component is installed on the top of the box body, and its inlet end is connected to the two liquid storage bottles through the two conveying pipelines respectively. Each conveying pipeline is equipped with a solenoid valve. The outlet end of the conveying execution component is connected to the discharge pipeline through an outlet connection pipeline. The discharge pipeline is fixed to the inner wall of the box body and extends longitudinally to the lower middle part of the box body. Multiple nozzles are evenly distributed along the axial direction on it.

[0009] The control unit includes a primary acquisition module, a secondary acquisition module, a data processing module, a primary correction module, a secondary correction module, and a control panel;

[0010] The primary acquisition module is used to acquire real-time environmental parameters inside the box, including real-time temperature, real-time smoke concentration, and real-time current.

[0011] The secondary acquisition module is configured to: when the real-time temperature value acquired by the primary acquisition module exceeds the upper limit of the preset normal operating temperature range, or the real-time smoke concentration value exceeds the preset normal operating smoke concentration threshold, continuously acquire multiple samples at a sampling frequency higher than that of the primary acquisition module within a preset verification period and calculate the arithmetic average as the verification result.

[0012] The data processing module receives data collected by the primary acquisition module and the secondary acquisition module, compares the collected real-time environmental parameters with preset thresholds, and outputs the dangerous state determination result of the enclosure. The dangerous state includes normal state, warning state and dangerous state.

[0013] The primary correction module receives the dangerous state determination result and generates a spray control command based on the current dangerous state to control the start and stop of the delivery execution component, the spray frequency, and the opening and closing of each solenoid valve.

[0014] The secondary correction module is used to fine-tune the basic injection frequency output by the primary correction module according to the temperature change trend in the early warning state, so as to obtain the final injection frequency.

[0015] The control panel is used for human-computer interaction and parameter setting.

[0016] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0017] 1. Through the cooperation of the primary acquisition module and the secondary acquisition module, the system can automatically perform high-frequency verification sampling when the temperature or smoke concentration is abnormal, eliminating instantaneous interference. At the same time, the comparison of redundant temperature sensors can also detect sensor faults in a timely manner, reducing false alarms and missed alarms, and making the reliability of field operation higher.

[0018] 2. In the early warning state, the basic spray frequency is dynamically adjusted according to the degree of temperature deviation, and fine-tuned by using the temperature change trend of the sliding window, so that the spray volume can be adaptively increased or decreased with the temperature rise trend, avoiding media waste or insufficient response caused by fixed spraying, and making the control more stable.

[0019] 3. A four-level progressive spray logic is designed for hazardous conditions, from pulse spray to continuous spray and finally to emergency release of all stored liquid medium. At the same time, in the case of simple overload, the circuit breaker is cut off first instead of blind spraying. This graded treatment strategy takes into account both conventional overheat suppression and retains the forced fire extinguishing capability under extreme conditions.

[0020] 4. The control panel supports the free setting of multiple threshold and duration parameters, and is equipped with manual / automatic switching and wireless communication reporting functions. Maintenance personnel can remotely receive alarm signals, and can also flexibly adjust strategies on-site according to the actual environment to adapt to different regional climates and load conditions, making operation and maintenance management more convenient. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention from another perspective;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the delivery execution component and the liquid storage bottle of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the architecture of the control component of the present invention.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Box body; 2. Door body; 3. Control components; 4. Liquid storage bottle; 41. Conveying actuator; 42. Conveying pipeline; 43. Discharge pipeline; 44. Outlet connection pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the forms of the various structures described in the following embodiments are merely illustrative. The open-air distribution box based on smart grid involved in the present invention is not limited to the structures described in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Please see Figures 1-3 The above-display open-air distribution box based on a smart grid includes a box body 1, which serves as the main support and housing for the entire equipment and is used to install and protect the internal electrical equipment. Its internal space is used to arrange power cables, circuit breakers, and disconnecting switches. A door 2 is hinged to one side of the box body 1 to facilitate maintenance personnel to inspect and maintain the internal equipment. The door 2 can adopt a door frame structure with sealing strips to ensure the protection level of the box body 1.

[0028] A control component 3 is installed on the top of the housing 1. The control component 3 is installed on the top of the door 2 and is used to indicate its relative position to the door 2. The control component 3 integrates signal acquisition, data processing and control drive circuits. A control panel is installed on the outer surface of the control component 3 for human-computer interaction and parameter setting.

[0029] The two liquid storage bottles 4 are respectively installed on the left and right outer walls of the box 1 by fixed brackets with heat insulation layer. The liquid storage bottles 4 are covered with heat insulation sleeves. The internal medium is added with antifreeze or equipped with electric heat tracing interface according to the climate conditions of the region of use to prevent the influence of extreme temperature. The liquid storage bottles 4 are used to store cooling medium or fire-fighting medium. The specific material can be stainless steel or aluminum alloy to ensure corrosion resistance. The capacity can be determined according to the volume of the box 1, usually 5% to 15% of the volume of the box 1. This application does not limit this.

[0030] The conveying execution component 41 is installed on the top of the housing 1. The conveying execution component 41 can be a micro electromagnetic pump or a micro diaphragm pump. The inlet end of the conveying execution component 41 is connected to two liquid storage bottles 4 through two conveying pipelines 42. Each conveying pipeline 42 is equipped with a solenoid valve to control the medium output of each liquid storage bottle 4.

[0031] The discharge pipe 43 is fixed to the inner wall of the box 1 and extends longitudinally to the lower middle part of the box. Multiple nozzles are evenly distributed along the axial direction on it. The number of nozzles is 4 to 12, arranged in a ring array to ensure that the medium is evenly sprayed to cover the internal space of the box 1.

[0032] The outlet end of the conveying execution component 41 is connected to the discharge pipe 43 through the outlet connection pipe 44. When the conveying execution component 41 is working, the medium in the two storage bottles 4 can be drawn in through the two conveying pipes 42 respectively, and then transported to the discharge pipe 43 through the outlet connection pipe 44. Finally, it is sprayed into the box 1 through the discharge pipe 43 to achieve the function of cooling or fire extinguishing.

[0033] See Figure 4The control unit 3 includes a primary acquisition module, a secondary acquisition module, a data processing module, a primary correction module, a secondary correction module, and a control panel. The primary acquisition module, the secondary acquisition module, the data processing module, the primary correction module, and the secondary correction module are connected via an internal bus signal to realize real-time data transmission and the step-by-step delivery of processing results. The control panel is electrically connected to the data processing module and is used to display real-time parameters and receive user input.

[0034] The primary acquisition module is used to acquire real-time environmental parameters inside the enclosure 1. These real-time environmental parameters include real-time temperature, real-time smoke concentration, and real-time current. The primary acquisition module includes a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor, and a current sensor.

[0035] The temperature sensor is installed on the inner wall of the enclosure 1 and is used to collect the real-time temperature value inside the enclosure 1, denoted as . The temperature sensor can be a thermocouple or a platinum resistance temperature sensor, and its output signal is sent to the data processing module after analog-to-digital conversion.

[0036] The smoke sensor is installed on the top of the inner wall of the housing 1 and is used to collect the real-time smoke concentration value inside the housing 1, denoted as . The smoke sensor can be a photoelectric or ionization smoke detection module, and its output signal is sent to the data processing module after analog-to-digital conversion.

[0037] The current sensor is installed on the power supply line of housing 1 and is used to collect real-time current values, denoted as . The current sensor can be a through-hole current transformer or a Hall current sensor, which is mounted on the incoming cable of the housing 1. Its output signal is sent to the data processing module after analog-to-digital conversion.

[0038] The sampling period of the primary acquisition module can be adjusted on the control panel according to the actual working conditions. The adjustable range of the sampling period is 1 second to 60 seconds, preferably 5 seconds.

[0039] The secondary acquisition module is used for verification acquisition when the primary acquisition module detects an abnormal signal, to eliminate misjudgments caused by instantaneous environmental fluctuations. Redundant temperature sensors are also installed diagonally on the inner wall of the enclosure 1. During verification acquisition, the secondary acquisition module simultaneously reads the values ​​from both temperature sensors. When the deviation between the two values ​​exceeds a preset range (e.g., ±2℃), a sensor malfunction is identified and a maintenance alarm is issued. A dangerous state is confirmed only when both values ​​reach a danger threshold. The secondary acquisition module shares the smoke sensor with the primary acquisition module, but the sampling method differs: when the primary acquisition module acquires the real-time temperature value... When the temperature exceeds the preset upper limit of the normal operating temperature range, the secondary acquisition module is automatically triggered. Within a preset verification period, it continuously acquires N instantaneous temperature values ​​at a sampling frequency higher than the primary acquisition frequency, and takes the arithmetic mean of these N instantaneous temperature values ​​as the verification result, denoted as . When the real-time smoke concentration value collected by the acquisition module is... When the smoke concentration exceeds the preset normal operating threshold, the secondary acquisition module is also triggered to perform verification acquisition. The duration of the verification period and the number of acquisitions N can be set on the control panel. The duration of the verification period can be set from 5 to 30 seconds, and the number of acquisitions N can be set from 5 to 20 times.

[0040] The data processing module receives data from the primary and secondary acquisition modules, compares the acquired real-time environmental parameters with preset thresholds, and outputs the hazard status determination result for enclosure 1. The hazard status includes normal status, warning status, and hazardous status. The source and setting method of the preset thresholds are as follows:

[0041] The rated temperature The upper limit of the operating temperature of enclosure 1 is designed. It can be manually entered through the control panel or automatically updated according to the ambient temperature. This value is determined when the equipment is selected and is usually set to 65 degrees Celsius to 85 degrees Celsius.

[0042] The warning temperature threshold Set as rated temperature multiplied by warning coefficient The range of values ​​is The preferred value is 0.75, i.e. ;

[0043] The dangerous temperature threshold Set as rated temperature multiplied by the hazard factor The range of values ​​is The preferred value is 0.90, i.e. ;

[0044] The rated smoke concentration It is usually set to 0, meaning that no smoke is generated under ideal operating conditions;

[0045] The warning smoke concentration threshold It is set to a certain value, usually determined according to the detector sensitivity, and can be set to 10% to 30% light reduction per meter;

[0046] The hazardous smoke concentration threshold The setting is 1.5 to 2.0 times the warning smoke concentration, and can be set to a light reduction rate of 50% per meter;

[0047] The rated current The rated operating current value of the electrical equipment inside enclosure 1 is manually entered through the control panel and stored in the data processing module;

[0048] The overload current threshold Set as rated current multiplied by overload factor The value ranges from 1.1 to 1.3, with 1.2 being the preferred value. ;

[0049] The duration of the temperature determination The duration parameter set by the operator on the control panel; used to distinguish between instantaneous temperature fluctuations and continuous overheating faults, and can be set from 10 seconds to 60 seconds;

[0050] The duration of the smoke detection The duration parameter set by the operator on the control panel is used to distinguish between brief smoke and signs of continuous combustion, and can be set from 5 seconds to 30 seconds;

[0051] The decision logic of the data processing module is as follows:

[0052] like And it was verified and confirmed by the secondary data acquisition module. Meanwhile, the duration of this state If so, it is determined to be a dangerous situation;

[0053] like And the duration of this state If so, it is determined to be a dangerous situation;

[0054] like or If so, it is determined to be a warning state;

[0055] like And the duration of this state This is also considered a dangerous situation;

[0056] All other situations are considered normal.

[0057] It should be noted that, to avoid frequent switching between standby and spraying states due to measurement noise near the threshold boundaries of environmental parameters, this system is equipped with a hysteresis comparison range. When the system enters a warning state due to temperature rise, it must wait until the real-time temperature value falls below the warning temperature threshold. The system can exit the warning state and return to standby only when the difference is less than or equal to the preset hysteresis (the hysteresis value is between 2°C and 3°C).

[0058] The primary correction module is used to receive the status judgment result of the data processing module, generate a basic injection command according to the current dangerous state, and is electrically connected to the conveying execution component 41 to control the start and stop of the conveying execution component 41 and the injection frequency.

[0059] When the normal state is determined, the first correction module issues a standby command, the delivery execution component 41 does not operate, and all solenoid valves remain closed.

[0060] When a warning state is detected, the primary correction module issues a warning activation command based on the real-time temperature value. With warning temperature threshold The proportional relationship determines the basic injection frequency As one of the preferred linear mapping methods, it can be calculated according to the following proportional relationship:

[0061] ;

[0062] In the formula, Minimum injection frequency, This is the maximum injection frequency, measured in Hertz (Hz), which can be set on the control panel according to the actual response characteristics of the injection system. It can be set from 0.5 Hz to 1 Hz. It can be set from 3 Hz to 5 Hz; when the calculated value is... Below Time to take This is to prevent the injection system from entering an unstable operating zone;

[0063] To ensure that the injection flow rate matches the heat load of housing 1, the minimum injection frequency is... and maximum injection frequency The reference value is preset and calibrated based on the volume and overall heat capacity of the housing 1. The larger the volume of the housing, the larger the reference frequency value is, so as to ensure that the jet flow rate meets the heat exchange requirements.

[0064] It should be noted that the above linear proportional relationship is a simplified engineering mapping used to approximately adjust the injection frequency based on the degree of temperature deviation under warning conditions. It is not a precise control strictly based on the heat transfer model. Fine-tuning of the secondary correction module ensures stable and reliable operation of the injection system;

[0065] When a dangerous condition is determined, if the dangerous condition is caused by an overload current... Triggered independently, and the temperature at that time has not reached the dangerous temperature threshold. And the smoke concentration did not reach the dangerous smoke concentration threshold. If the current returns to zero, the correction module will first issue a circuit breaker tripping command and temporarily suspend the injection action. It will then decide whether to proceed with the injection logic based on the real-time temperature and smoke detection results. If the dangerous state is triggered by excessive temperature or smoke, or if overload and excessive temperature / smoke conditions coexist, the following progressive injection logic will be executed directly:

[0066] The first level issues a medium-frequency injection command, with the base injection frequency determined as 0.6 times the maximum value under the warning state. The solenoid valve opens in a medium-frequency pulse mode to spray the medium into the interior of the housing 1 for cooling.

[0067] The second level involves issuing a high-frequency spray command if the dangerous situation is not resolved within the preset observation time, increasing the spray frequency to [a higher level]. The solenoid valve opens with higher frequency pulses, increasing the amount of medium sprayed.

[0068] The third level, if the dangerous situation continues to worsen, issues a continuous high-frequency spraying command, the solenoid valve continues to open and sprays continuously, and at the same time sends a danger alarm signal to the remote monitoring center, and realizes linkage with the upper system through the wireless communication unit.

[0069] Level 4: If the internal temperature of enclosure 1 reaches the extreme danger temperature. (the aforementioned) The value is the rated temperature. (and not exceeding the maximum withstand temperature allowed by the insulation level of the electrical equipment inside the enclosure), a forced spray command is issued, all solenoid valves are opened, and the delivery execution component 41 is controlled to operate at maximum flow rate to fully release all media in the two liquid storage bottles 4 in order to maximize the cooling and fire extinguishing effect.

[0070] The secondary correction module is used to adjust the base injection frequency output by the primary correction module. Based on this, fine-tuning and optimization are carried out in combination with the trend of dangerous changes to avoid frequent jumps in injection frequency caused by instantaneous fluctuations in environmental parameters, so as to make injection control more stable and precise.

[0071] The secondary correction module continuously receives real-time temperature values ​​acquired by the primary acquisition module and continuously calculates the average value of the temperature sequence within a preset sliding time window. Let the average value of the temperature sequence within the current sliding time window be... The average value of the temperature series within the previous sliding time window is ;

[0072] Based on the initial correction module's determination of a warning state and the output of the basic injection frequency, the secondary correction module calculates the injection quantity fine-tuning amount. :

[0073] ;

[0074] In the formula, This is the amount of fine-tuning of the injection frequency, measured in Hertz (Hz).

[0075] This is the fine-tuning coefficient, with dimensions in Hertz per degree Celsius (Hz / ℃). It characterizes the sensitivity of the injection frequency adjustment caused by a unit temperature change, and its value ranges from 0.1Hz / ℃ to 0.5Hz / ℃. It can be set on the control panel according to the actual working conditions.

[0076] This is the arithmetic mean of the temperature series within the current sliding time window, in degrees Celsius (°C).

[0077] This is the arithmetic mean of the temperature series within the previous sliding time window, expressed in degrees Celsius (°C).

[0078] when When this occurs, it indicates that the temperature is trending upward. If the value is positive, the output injection frequency is appropriately increased from the base frequency;

[0079] when When this occurs, it indicates that the temperature is trending downwards. If the value is negative, the output injection frequency is appropriately lowered from the base frequency;

[0080] When the two are basically equal Approaching zero, while maintaining the fundamental frequency unchanged. The absolute value does not exceed the preset fine-tuning limit. To avoid large fluctuations in the injection frequency;

[0081] It should be noted that the above calculation method for the fine-tuning of the injection frequency is a simplified engineering method. By comparing the average temperature of two sliding time windows, the trend of dangerous changes is judged and smooth fine-tuning is performed. With the preset fine-tuning limit, adaptive and precise injection in the early warning state can be achieved while avoiding frequent jumps in the injection frequency.

[0082] The final output injection frequency of the secondary correction module is determined by the following formula:

[0083] ;

[0084] When the primary correction module determines the state to be normal or dangerous, the secondary correction module does not intervene to adjust, and maintains the status quo. The injection execution is directly controlled by the progressive injection logic of the primary correction module;

[0085] The control panel is installed on the outer surface of the control component 3 and is used for human-machine interaction. The control panel is equipped with a start button, a stop button, a running status indicator, an alarm indicator, and a parameter setting interface. The parameter setting interface can be used to input equipment parameters such as rated temperature and rated current, and to adjust parameters such as the warning coefficient (0.7 to 0.85), danger coefficient (0.85 to 1.0), overload coefficient (1.1 to 1.3), temperature judgment duration (10 seconds to 60 seconds), smoke judgment duration (5 seconds to 30 seconds), sliding time window duration, fine-tuning coefficient (0.1 to 0.5), fine-tuning limit, minimum spray frequency, and maximum spray frequency. The control panel is also equipped with a manual / automatic mode switch. In manual mode, the operator can directly set the spray frequency and spray start / stop. In automatic mode, the primary correction module and the secondary correction module automatically adjust according to the dangerous state.

[0086] The control panel is also equipped with a wireless communication unit, which can be a 4G / 5G module or a LoRa module, for data interaction with the remote monitoring center, enabling the uploading of hazard alarm signals and the reception of remote control commands.

[0087] The control unit 3 is equipped with a backup power supply, which is a lithium battery or an uninterruptible power supply module. When the main power supply fails, it automatically switches to the backup power supply to ensure that the monitoring and spraying functions are not interrupted. The backup power supply can be set to run for 24 hours to 72 hours.

[0088] When in use, the enclosure 1 is installed at an outdoor power distribution point. After the maintenance personnel set the relevant parameters through the control panel of the control unit 3, they start the system. The primary acquisition module monitors the temperature, smoke concentration and current data inside the enclosure 1 in real time. The data processing module determines the dangerous state. The primary correction module outputs the basic injection command. The secondary correction module performs trend fine-tuning to make the injection strategy match the degree of danger in real time.

[0089] During this process, when the internal environmental parameters of enclosure 1 are within the normal range, the system remains in standby mode; when an abnormal increase in temperature or smoke concentration is detected, the system enters an early warning state and sprays intermittently according to the calculated basic spray frequency; when a dangerous state is confirmed, the system executes a progressive spray logic, gradually upgrading from the first level to the fourth level, and simultaneously sends alarm information to the remote monitoring center through the wireless communication unit. This realizes intelligent monitoring, progressive early warning linkage, and adaptive media spraying functions for open-air distribution boxes, effectively improving the reliability of smart grid security protection.

[0090] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0091] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An open-air distribution box based on a smart grid, comprising a box body (1), a door (2) hinged to one side of the box body (1), a control unit (3) installed above the box body (1) and located above the door (2), two liquid storage bottles (4), a conveying execution assembly (41), two conveying pipelines (42), and a discharge pipeline (43), characterized in that: The conveying execution component (41) is installed above the box (1). Its inlet end is connected to two liquid storage bottles (4) through two conveying pipes (42). Each conveying pipe (42) is equipped with a solenoid valve. The outlet end of the conveying execution component (41) is connected to the discharge pipe (43) through the outlet connection pipe (44). The discharge pipe (43) is fixed to the inner wall of the box (1) and extends longitudinally to the middle and lower part of the box. Multiple nozzles are evenly distributed on it along the axial direction. The control unit (3) includes a primary acquisition module, a secondary acquisition module, a data processing module, a primary correction module, a secondary correction module, and a control panel; The primary acquisition module is used to acquire real-time environmental parameters inside the box (1), including real-time temperature value, real-time smoke concentration value and real-time current value; The secondary acquisition module is configured to: when the real-time temperature value acquired by the primary acquisition module exceeds the upper limit of the preset normal operating temperature range, or the real-time smoke concentration value exceeds the preset normal operating smoke concentration threshold, continuously acquire multiple samples at a sampling frequency higher than that of the primary acquisition module within a preset verification period and calculate the arithmetic average as the verification result. The data processing module receives the data collected by the primary acquisition module and the secondary acquisition module, compares the collected real-time environmental parameters with the preset threshold, and outputs the dangerous state determination result of the box (1). The dangerous state includes normal state, warning state and dangerous state. The first correction module receives the dangerous state determination result and generates a spray control command based on the current dangerous state to control the start and stop of the delivery execution component (41), the spray frequency, and the opening and closing of each solenoid valve. The secondary correction module is used to fine-tune the basic injection frequency output by the primary correction module according to the temperature change trend in the early warning state, so as to obtain the final injection frequency. The control panel is used for human-computer interaction and parameter setting.

2. The open-air distribution box based on a smart grid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two liquid storage bottles (4) are respectively installed on the left and right outer walls of the box (1) by fixing brackets; the discharge pipe (43) is fixed to the top of the inner wall of the box (1) by pipe clamps; the nozzles are arranged in a ring array on the discharge pipe (43).

3. The open-air distribution box based on a smart grid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The delivery actuator (41) is a micro electromagnetic pump or a micro diaphragm pump; the liquid storage bottle (4) is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy.

4. An open-air distribution box based on a smart grid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method by which the primary acquisition module obtains real-time environmental parameters is as follows: The real-time temperature value is collected by a temperature sensor installed on the inner wall of the enclosure (1); The real-time smoke concentration value is collected by a smoke sensor installed on the top of the inner wall of the box (1); The real-time current value is collected by a current sensor installed on the power supply line of the enclosure (1); Redundant temperature sensors are installed at diagonal positions on the inner wall of the chamber. When the secondary acquisition module performs verification acquisition, it simultaneously reads the values ​​of the two temperature sensors. When the deviation between the two values ​​exceeds the preset range, it is determined that the sensor is faulty and a maintenance alarm is issued. The dangerous state is confirmed only when both values ​​reach the danger threshold. The secondary acquisition module shares the smoke sensor with the primary acquisition module. The temperature sensor is a thermocouple or platinum resistance temperature sensor, the smoke sensor is a photoelectric or ionization smoke sensor, and the current sensor is a through-hole current transformer or a Hall current sensor.

5. An open-air distribution box based on a smart grid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset thresholds used by the data processing module include warning temperature threshold, dangerous temperature threshold, warning smoke concentration threshold, dangerous smoke concentration threshold, and overload current threshold; The decision logic configuration of the data processing module is as follows: When the real-time temperature value is greater than or equal to the dangerous temperature threshold, the verified temperature value is also greater than or equal to the dangerous temperature threshold, and the duration of this state reaches the preset temperature judgment duration, it is judged as a dangerous state. When the real-time smoke concentration value is greater than or equal to the dangerous smoke concentration threshold, and the duration of this state reaches the preset smoke judgment duration, it is judged as a dangerous state. When the real-time temperature value is greater than or equal to the warning temperature threshold and less than the danger temperature threshold, or when the real-time smoke concentration value is greater than or equal to the warning smoke concentration threshold and less than the danger smoke concentration threshold, it is determined to be a warning state. When the real-time current value is greater than the overload current threshold and the duration of this state reaches the preset overload judgment duration, it is judged as a dangerous state. All other situations are considered normal. Once the system enters an early warning state due to rising temperature, it can only exit the early warning state when the real-time temperature value is lower than the difference between the early warning temperature threshold and the preset hysteresis.

6. An open-air distribution box based on a smart grid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method by which the primary correction module generates injection control commands based on the dangerous state determination result is as follows: When the normal state is determined, a standby command is issued, the delivery execution component (41) does not operate, and all solenoid valves are closed; When a warning state is determined, a warning activation command is issued. The basic injection frequency is determined based on the relationship between the real-time temperature value and the warning temperature threshold and the danger temperature threshold. The basic injection frequency increases with the increase of the real-time temperature value and is not lower than the preset minimum injection frequency and not higher than the preset maximum injection frequency. When a dangerous state is determined, if the dangerous state is triggered by excessive temperature or excessive smoke concentration, the progressive injection logic is executed; if the dangerous state is triggered by overload current alone, and the temperature does not reach the dangerous temperature threshold and the smoke concentration does not reach the dangerous smoke concentration threshold, the circuit breaker tripping command is issued first and the injection action is suspended.

7. An open-air distribution box based on a smart grid according to claim 6, characterized in that, The injection control command generated by the primary correction module when a dangerous state is determined to be a progressive injection control command, which includes the following in sequence: In the first stage, the control delivery execution component (41) performs pulse injection at 60% of the preset maximum injection frequency; The second level is that if the dangerous situation is not resolved within the preset observation time, the control delivery execution component (41) will continuously spray. Level 3: If the dangerous situation continues to worsen, the solenoid valve will be kept open for continuous spraying, and a danger alarm signal will be sent to the remote monitoring center via the wireless communication unit. Level 4: If the internal temperature of the enclosure (1) reaches the rated temperature and does not exceed the maximum allowable temperature of the insulation class of the electrical equipment inside the enclosure (1), then all control solenoid valves are opened, the delivery actuator (41) operates at maximum flow, and releases all the medium in the two storage bottles.

8. An open-air distribution box based on a smart grid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary correction module fine-tunes the basic injection frequency based on the temperature change trend in the following way: Only in the warning state, the injection frequency fine-tuning amount is determined based on the difference between the real-time average temperature within the preset sliding time window and the real-time average temperature within the previous sliding time window. The injection frequency fine-tuning amount is determined proportionally by the fine-tuning coefficient and the difference. The fine-tuning coefficient is a ratio of frequency units to temperature units. The reference values ​​of the minimum and maximum injection frequencies are preset and calibrated based on the volume of the housing (1) and the overall heat capacity. The larger the volume of the housing (1), the larger the reference frequency value is. The base injection frequency is added to the injection frequency fine-tuning amount to obtain the final injection frequency. Under normal or dangerous conditions, the secondary correction module does not intervene in the adjustment, and the final injection frequency is equal to the basic injection frequency.

9. An open-air distribution box based on a smart grid according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control panel is used to set the rated temperature, rated current, warning coefficient, danger coefficient, overload coefficient, temperature judgment duration, smoke judgment duration, overload judgment duration, minimum injection frequency, maximum injection frequency, fine-tuning coefficient, fine-tuning limit, and sliding time window duration. The warning temperature threshold is determined based on the rated temperature and the warning coefficient; the danger temperature threshold is determined based on the rated temperature and the danger coefficient; and the overload current threshold is determined based on the rated current and the overload coefficient. The control panel is also equipped with a manual / automatic mode switch and a wireless communication unit for data interaction with the remote monitoring center; the control unit (3) is equipped with a backup power supply for supplying power when the main power supply fails.

10. An open-air distribution box based on a smart grid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling period of the primary acquisition module is set via the control panel; the verification period duration and the number of consecutive acquisitions of the secondary acquisition module are set via the control panel.

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