Wind sand resistant adaptive thermal management system and method for energy storage power station

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of thermal management of energy storage power stations, and discloses an anti-sand and wind self-adaptive thermal management system and method for an energy storage power station, which comprises a module cabin, a condenser and a fan placed in the module cabin, an outer circulating air duct and an inner circulating air duct, and an automatic air door for controlling switching of the outer circulating air duct and the inner circulating air duct; a dust removal mechanism for removing dust on fins of the condenser; a sensor group; and an intelligent controller connected with the automatic air door, the dust removal mechanism and the sensor group, which intelligently and adaptively solves the contradiction between heat dissipation efficiency and sand dust blockage and equipment wear in a desert sand environment by combining with the multi-sensor and the switching of the inner and outer circulating air ducts, thereby ensuring efficient heat dissipation of the energy storage power station, greatly reducing the maintenance frequency and cost of the system, and improving the operation reliability of the system in a harsh environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of thermal management technology for energy storage power stations, and specifically relates to an adaptive thermal management system and method for wind and sand resistance in energy storage power stations. Background Technology

[0002] Constructing large-scale wind and solar power bases in desert and Gobi regions, along with supporting energy storage power stations, is of great significance for smoothing the output of new energy sources and improving grid stability. However, the harsh climate and frequent sandstorms in desert and Gobi regions pose a severe challenge to the core subsystem of energy storage power stations—the Thermal Management System (TMS). The TMS is a comprehensive thermal control system that uses thermal control technology to achieve real-time temperature monitoring, precise adjustment, and uniform distribution for the lithium battery packs, BMS modules, and auxiliary electrical components inside the energy storage battery compartment.

[0003] Energy storage batteries generate a large amount of heat during charging and discharging. If heat dissipation is not timely, it will lead to battery overheating, performance degradation, shortened lifespan, and even thermal runaway safety accidents. Therefore, the reliability of the thermal management system directly determines the overall performance and safety of the energy storage power station.

[0004] Thermal management systems used in energy storage power stations are mostly air-cooled or conventional liquid-cooled systems. These systems were not designed with full consideration of the extreme conditions of the desert environment with high winds and sandstorms, which led to inherent defects in their practical applications, making them unable to meet the requirements for long-term, stable, and low-maintenance operation in desert environments.

[0005] Currently, a common approach to coping with the high wind and sand conditions in deserts is to employ a reinforced protective air-cooled thermal management system. This solution attempts to address sandstorm problems by enhancing physical protection. This primarily involves installing high-density, replaceable dust filters at the air inlets of the cooling fans, and using fans and cabinets with higher protection ratings (such as IP54). Its working principle is that the filters remove most of the sand and dust, and the clean air then flows through the heat dissipation fins to cool the battery clusters. When the filters become clogged, causing a reduction in airflow, the system uses a differential pressure sensor or timer to alert maintenance personnel to replace or clean the filters.

[0006] When used in desert and Gobi regions, the following drawbacks exist: The contradiction between heat dissipation and protection is prominent: while high-density filters filter sand and dust, they also significantly increase ventilation resistance, leading to a sharp increase in fan energy consumption. Moreover, the heat dissipation efficiency decreases rapidly after the filter is slightly clogged, and the formation of an insulation layer cannot fundamentally solve the problem of reduced heat dissipation efficiency.

[0007] Maintenance costs are extremely high: Desert areas have poor transportation accessibility and maintenance availability. Filter clogging is frequent, requiring frequent on-site replacement or cleaning by personnel, resulting in high maintenance costs and the inability to perform real-time maintenance.

[0008] Low system reliability: During the interval between maintenance, a sandstorm could quickly clog the filter, causing system heat dissipation failure and significantly increasing the risk of battery overheating. This passive protection mode cannot adapt to the dynamic changes in the desert environment.

[0009] Conventional liquid cooling systems use liquid cooling plates in contact with the battery for heat conduction. The heat is ultimately dissipated into the atmosphere by the core component of the liquid cooling system—an outdoor-mounted condenser—in conjunction with a fan. The technical solution involves circulating coolant carrying heat from the battery to the condenser, which then dissipates the heat through forced convection by a fan. This solution is typically designed to meet the heat dissipation requirements of general environments, featuring a small condenser fin spacing to achieve compactness and high heat dissipation density.

[0010] When used in desert and Gobi regions, the following drawbacks exist: Dust directly clogs the core heat dissipation unit: The condenser is directly exposed to outdoor air, and dust will quickly clog the gaps between its dense fins, forming a strong heat insulation layer, causing the overall heat dissipation efficiency of the system to drop sharply, and this blockage occurs in the most critical end heat dissipation link of the system.

[0011] Severe equipment wear: The strong abrasiveness of sand and dust will severely wear down the bearings and blades of the condenser fan, causing abnormal noise, vibration, reduced efficiency, or even damage to the fan, thus shortening the equipment's lifespan.

[0012] Cleaning and maintenance are difficult: Cleaning the condenser requires shutting down the machine and relying on professional equipment such as high-pressure water guns for manual washing. This is difficult, costly, and time-consuming in desert areas, which seriously affects the availability of the power plant. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a wind-resistant, sand-adaptive thermal management system and method for energy storage power stations in desert environments. This invention protects the condenser by setting up modular compartments and, through integration with multiple sensors and switching between internal and external circulation ducts, intelligently and adaptively resolves the contradiction between heat dissipation efficiency and sand blockage and equipment wear in desert sand environments. While ensuring efficient heat dissipation of the energy storage power station, it significantly reduces the system's maintenance frequency and cost, and improves its operational reliability in harsh environments.

[0014] According to a first aspect of this application, a wind and sand-resistant adaptive thermal management system for an energy storage power station is provided, comprising: The module compartment contains a condenser and a fan, and the condenser is connected to the energy storage power station via a liquid cooling system; An external circulation air duct and an internal circulation air duct are installed in the module compartment. The external circulation air duct is connected to the outside world in an openable and closable manner, and the internal circulation air duct is connected to the inside of the module compartment in an openable and closable manner. The switching between the external circulation air duct and the internal circulation air duct is controlled by an automatic damper. Dust removal mechanism, used to remove dust from condenser fins; The sensor array includes at least a differential pressure sensor for monitoring the air pressure difference of the condenser and a sensor for monitoring the concentration of external particulate matter. The intelligent controller is connected to the automatic damper, dust removal mechanism, and sensor group. If the external particulate matter concentration is less than or equal to a first particulate matter concentration threshold A, and the pressure difference is less than a pressure difference threshold, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to switch to external circulation mode. If the external particulate matter concentration is greater than or equal to a second particulate matter concentration threshold C, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to switch to internal circulation mode, wherein the first particulate matter concentration threshold A is less than the second particulate matter concentration threshold C. If the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the pressure difference threshold, the intelligent controller controls the dust removal mechanism to remove dust from the fins regardless of the circulation duct's current mode.

[0015] In one feasible implementation, if the external particulate matter concentration is between the first particulate matter concentration threshold and the second particulate matter concentration threshold C, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to switch to a mixed air mode in which the external circulation duct and the internal circulation duct are opened simultaneously.

[0016] In one feasible implementation, the fin spacing of the condenser is in the range of 8-10 mm.

[0017] In one feasible implementation, the dust removal mechanism is a nozzle, with multiple nozzles arranged on the leeward side of the condenser. The nozzles are connected to a compressed air source via pipelines, and a solenoid valve is installed on the pipelines. The solenoid valve is connected to the intelligent controller.

[0018] In one feasible implementation, the dust removal mechanism is a nozzle, with multiple nozzles arranged on the leeward side of the condenser. The nozzles are connected to a high-pressure water source via pipelines, and a solenoid valve is installed on the pipelines. The solenoid valve is connected to the intelligent controller, and a drain outlet is also provided at the bottom of the module compartment.

[0019] In one feasible implementation, the dust removal mechanism is an ultrasonic dust removal device or a mechanical vibration dust removal device.

[0020] In one feasible implementation, the sensor for monitoring the concentration of external particulate matter is a particulate matter concentration sensor.

[0021] In one feasible implementation, the sensor for monitoring the concentration of external particulate matter is a wind speed sensor, which establishes a correlation between wind speed and dust levels, and determines the particulate matter concentration based on the wind speed.

[0022] In one feasible implementation, a pressure relief vent is also provided on the module compartment.

[0023] In one feasible implementation, the intelligent controller also records the triggering frequency and average rate of change of differential pressure of the dust removal mechanism, predicts the remaining life of key system components through data trend analysis, and sends maintenance early warning information to a remote operation and maintenance center connected to the intelligent controller. The key system components include at least condenser fins.

[0024] According to a second aspect of this application, a wind and sand-resistant adaptive thermal management system for an energy storage power station is provided, comprising: The physical protection and adaptive structural layer includes a modular compartment, a modular condensation unit, and an internal and external circulation air duct switching unit. The modular condensation unit includes a condenser and a fan placed inside the modular compartment. The condenser is connected to the energy storage power station through a liquid cooling system. The internal and external circulation air duct switching unit includes an external circulation air duct, an internal circulation air duct, and an automatic damper. The external circulation air duct is openably connected to the outside world, and the internal circulation air duct is openably connected to the inside of the modular compartment. The switching between the external and internal circulation air ducts is controlled by the automatic damper. The online self-cleaning actuator includes nozzles, multiple nozzles are arranged on the leeward side of the condenser, the nozzles are connected to compressed air or high-pressure water source through pipelines, and a solenoid valve is installed on the pipelines, the solenoid valve is connected to an intelligent controller; The intelligent sensing and decision control layer includes a sensor group and an intelligent controller. The sensor group includes at least a differential pressure sensor for monitoring the air-side pressure difference of the condenser and a sensor for monitoring the concentration of external particulate matter. The intelligent controller is connected to the automatic damper, the dust removal mechanism, and the sensor group. If the differential pressure is greater than or equal to a differential pressure threshold, the intelligent controller controls the dust removal mechanism to remove dust from the fins. If the external particulate matter concentration is less than or equal to a first particulate matter concentration threshold A and the differential pressure is lower than the differential pressure threshold, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to switch to external circulation. If the external particulate matter concentration is greater than or equal to a second particulate matter concentration threshold C, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to switch to internal circulation. If the first particulate matter concentration threshold A is less than the second particulate matter concentration threshold C and the external particulate matter concentration is between the first and second particulate matter concentration thresholds C, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to switch to a mixed air mode in which both the external and internal circulation ducts are opened simultaneously.

[0025] According to a third aspect of this application, a wind and sand adaptive thermal management method for an energy storage power station is provided, comprising a wind and sand adaptive thermal management system for the energy storage power station, including: The module compartment contains a condenser and a fan, and the condenser is connected to the energy storage power station via a liquid cooling system; An external circulation air duct and an internal circulation air duct are installed in the module compartment. The external circulation air duct is connected to the outside world in an openable and closable manner, and the internal circulation air duct is connected to the inside of the module compartment in an openable and closable manner. The switching between the external circulation air duct and the internal circulation air duct is controlled by an automatic damper. Dust removal mechanism, used to remove dust from condenser fins; The sensor array includes at least a differential pressure sensor for monitoring the air pressure difference of the condenser and a sensor for monitoring the concentration of external particulate matter. The intelligent controller connects to the automatic damper, dust removal mechanism, and sensor array. The adaptive thermal management method performs the following steps: Step S1: The intelligent controller acquires signals from the particulate matter concentration sensor and the differential pressure sensor, determines whether the differential pressure is less than the differential pressure threshold B, and whether the particulate matter concentration is less than or equal to the first particulate matter concentration threshold A. If so, the intelligent controller switches to the external circulation mode; otherwise, step S2 is executed. Step S2: Determine whether the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the pressure difference threshold B. If so, the intelligent controller controls the dust removal mechanism to remove dust from the fins, and then executes step S3; otherwise, execute step S3 directly. Step S3: Determine whether the particulate matter concentration is greater than or equal to the particulate matter concentration threshold C. If so, the intelligent controller switches to the internal circulation mode.

[0026] In one feasible implementation, in step S3, if the particulate matter concentration is less than the particulate matter concentration threshold C, then the mixed wind mode is executed.

[0027] According to a fourth aspect of this application, a wind and sand adaptive thermal management method for an energy storage power station is provided, comprising a wind and sand adaptive thermal management system for the energy storage power station, including: The module compartment contains a condenser and a fan, and the condenser is connected to the energy storage power station via a liquid cooling system; An external circulation air duct and an internal circulation air duct are installed in the module compartment. The external circulation air duct is connected to the outside world in an openable and closable manner, and the internal circulation air duct is connected to the inside of the module compartment in an openable and closable manner. The switching between the external circulation air duct and the internal circulation air duct is controlled by an automatic damper. Dust removal mechanism, used to remove dust from condenser fins; The sensor array includes at least a differential pressure sensor for monitoring the air pressure difference of the condenser and a sensor for monitoring the concentration of external particulate matter. The intelligent controller connects to the automatic damper, dust removal mechanism, and sensor array. The adaptive thermal management method performs the following steps: In step S100, the intelligent controller acquires signals from the particulate matter concentration sensor and the differential pressure sensor, and determines whether the differential pressure is greater than or equal to the differential pressure threshold B. If it is greater than or equal to the threshold B, the intelligent controller controls the dust removal mechanism to remove dust from the condenser fins until the differential pressure is less than the differential pressure threshold B. If the differential pressure is less than the differential pressure threshold B, step S200 is executed directly. Step S200: If the particulate matter concentration is less than or equal to the first particulate matter concentration threshold A, then proceed to step S3; if the particulate matter concentration is greater than or equal to the second particulate matter concentration threshold C, then proceed to step S4, wherein the first particulate matter concentration threshold A is less than the second particulate matter concentration threshold C; if the particulate matter concentration is between the first particulate matter concentration threshold A and the second particulate matter concentration threshold C, then proceed to step S5. Step S3: The intelligent controller sends a signal to control the internal and external circulation ducts to switch to external circulation; Step S4: The intelligent controller sends a signal to control the internal and external circulation ducts to switch to internal circulation; Step S5: If the outside temperature is higher than the temperature inside the module compartment and the temperature difference exceeds the temperature difference range threshold, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to open the external circulation duct and the internal circulation duct in a ratio of 2:3. If the outside temperature is lower than the temperature inside the module compartment and the temperature difference exceeds the temperature difference range threshold, the intelligent controller will control the automatic damper to open the external circulation duct and the internal circulation duct in a ratio of 3:2. If the temperature difference between the outside temperature and the temperature inside the module compartment is within the temperature difference threshold range, the intelligent controller will control the automatic damper to open the external circulation duct and the internal circulation duct in a 1:1 ratio.

[0028] The wind and sand adaptive thermal management system for energy storage power stations of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) This application ensures that the system can still maintain basic heat dissipation by switching between internal and external circulation dual air channels under extreme sandstorm weather, which solves the core contradiction between heat dissipation and sand prevention, improves the heat dissipation reliability of the condenser, and ensures the grid support capability of the energy storage power station.

[0029] (2) This application cleverly establishes a correlation between the pressure difference across the condenser monitored by the differential pressure sensor and the condenser fin blockage, which can monitor the condenser fin blockage in real time and provide a basis for intelligent removal of blockage dust.

[0030] (3) By setting nozzles on the leeward side of the condenser, this application uses the high-pressure jet power of the nozzles to remove the dust clogging the condenser fins, which is different from the large-area heat dissipation of the blower. This can effectively reduce the condenser blockage and improve the heat dissipation reliability of the condenser.

[0031] (4) This application achieves a fundamental transformation from “passive protection and regular maintenance” to “active perception and adaptive control” through multi-sensor fusion and intelligent algorithms, and the system can dynamically respond to environmental changes.

[0032] (5) The online self-cleaning function of this application replaces more than 90% of manual cleaning work, and predictive maintenance avoids sudden failures. It is particularly suitable for desert areas where operation and maintenance are difficult, with extremely low life cycle maintenance costs and significant economic benefits.

[0033] (6) This application greatly reduces the wear and corrosion of core components such as fans and condensers by wide-pitch condenser fins and intelligent air duct switching, and extends the service life of the entire thermal management system and energy storage power station. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the wind and sand adaptive thermal management system of the energy storage power station according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating one of the wind and sand adaptive thermal management methods for energy storage power stations according to embodiments of this application. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating one of the wind and sand adaptive thermal management methods for energy storage power stations according to embodiments of this application. Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating one of the wind and sand adaptive thermal management methods for energy storage power stations according to embodiments of this application. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an automatic damper according to an embodiment of this application.

[0035] Reference numerals: Module compartment 10, condenser 101, fan 102, external circulation air inlet duct 103, automatic damper 104, rotating shaft 105, air tank 106, nozzle 107. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. "Fixed connection" refers to a connection where the relative positional relationship remains unchanged after the connection. The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of this application, such as "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer," are only for reference to the directions in the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for better and clearer explanation and understanding of the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0038] This application provides a wind and sand-resistant adaptive thermal management system for energy storage power stations. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 1 The system includes a module compartment 10, which houses a condenser and a fan to isolate it from external wind and sand; external and internal circulation ducts for switching the circulating air within the module compartment 10; compressed air nozzles for blowing dust off the condenser fins from the leeward side; a sensor array for monitoring the condenser air-side pressure difference, ambient dust concentration, ambient temperature, module compartment temperature, and battery pack temperature; and an intelligent controller for controlling the switching of the circulation ducts and blowing the condenser fins, as well as the operation of the liquid cooling system, based on sensor signals.

[0039] This application integrates the core heat dissipation components of the liquid cooling system, such as the condenser 101 and the fan 102, into a sealed, high-protection-level (not less than IP65) modular compartment 10. The modular compartment 10 can be an independent, sealed compartment fixedly connected to the energy storage battery compartment, for example, a sealed compartment fixedly connected to one side of the energy storage battery compartment. Alternatively, it can be a single, integrated compartment divided into two sealed chambers: one for housing the battery pack, and the other serving as the modular compartment for housing the condenser 101 and the fan 102. The modular compartment 10 can also be a sealed compartment arranged separately from the energy storage battery compartment; for example, the energy storage battery compartment may be located in one area, while the modular compartment 10 is located in another area at a certain distance.

[0040] Because the condenser receives the high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor and transfers this heat to the surrounding environment through air cooling, it has traditionally been placed outdoors, for example, on the outer wall of the energy storage battery compartment, so that a fan blows the condenser fins to quickly dissipate the heat emitted by the condenser into the atmosphere. However, this conventional arrangement is not suitable for environments with strong winds and sandstorms, such as deserts and Gobi. These regions frequently experience sandstorms, which can clog the gaps between the dense fins, forming a strong insulation layer. This leads to a sharp decrease in the overall heat dissipation efficiency of the liquid cooling system. The strong abrasiveness of sand and dust can also shorten the equipment's lifespan and cause difficulties in cleaning.

[0041] Therefore, this application innovatively places the condenser 101 and fan 102 inside the module compartment 10. The module compartment 10 is a closed compartment structure. Protected by the module compartment 10, wind and sand will not be blown onto the condenser fins, effectively preventing sand and dust from clogging the fin gaps. Specifically, the condenser and fan can be installed on the bottom plate of the module compartment 10 using bolts or other fasteners, or on the inner wall of the module compartment using brackets. However, installing them on the bottom plate of the module compartment 10, in the middle of the module compartment, provides a relatively spacious heat dissipation area, making it a relatively better installation position. The fan 10 can be installed near the condenser fins according to conventional design. Alternatively, this application does not rule out the possibility of using a condenser with an integrated fan, thus eliminating the need for a separate fan installation.

[0042] Although this application mainly focuses on the innovation of the condenser's installation location and heat dissipation method, it still briefly describes the overall structure of a liquid cooling system to clarify the role of the condenser.

[0043] A liquid cooling system includes coolant circulation piping and refrigerant circulation piping. Cooling is generated through refrigerant circulation, and then transferred to liquid cooling plates via coolant circulation to remove heat. The system may include components such as a condenser, expansion valve, evaporator, compressor, and water pump. The liquid cooling plates are installed at the bottom or side of the energy storage battery and have internal coolant channels. The evaporator has refrigerant inlet, refrigerant outlet, coolant inlet, and coolant outlet, and is configured to facilitate heat exchange between the coolant and refrigerant. The coolant flows through the liquid cooling plates, absorbing heat from the energy storage battery. In the evaporator, the refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates, while the coolant releases heat and cools down. Heat exchange is completed between the two, thereby cooling the energy storage battery.

[0044] In the coolant circulation pipeline, the coolant outlet of the water pump is connected to the coolant inlet of the liquid cooling plate through a pipeline to deliver coolant to the liquid cooling plate. The coolant outlet of the liquid cooling plate is connected to the coolant inlet of the evaporator through a pipeline. The high-temperature coolant flowing out of the liquid cooling plate exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the evaporator, transferring heat to the refrigerant. The low-temperature, low-pressure liquid refrigerant absorbs heat and becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant. The coolant outlet of the evaporator is then connected to the coolant inlet of the water pump through a pipeline. After the coolant is cooled in the evaporator, it is sent back to the liquid cooling plate by the water pump. This cycle continues to cool the energy storage battery.

[0045] In the refrigerant circulation system, the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor via a pipeline. The compressor compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant into a high-temperature, high-pressure gas. The refrigerant outlet of the compressor is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser via a pipeline. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas dissipates heat in the condenser and condenses into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The refrigerant outlet of the condenser is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the expansion valve via a pipeline. The expansion valve throttles and reduces the pressure of the high-pressure liquid refrigerant, turning it into a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid-gas mixture. The refrigerant outlet of the expansion valve is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the evaporator via a pipeline. The low-temperature, low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator, absorbs heat from the coolant, and evaporates into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas. This low-temperature, low-pressure gas is then drawn back into the compressor, completing the cycle.

[0046] During charging and discharging, the energy storage battery generates heat, which is transferred to a liquid cooling plate attached to the battery via thermal conduction. A low-temperature coolant flows inside the liquid cooling plate, carrying away heat through thermal convection. The coolant, having absorbed heat, heats up and flows from the plate into the evaporator, driven by a water pump. Inside the evaporator, the high-temperature coolant exchanges heat with the low-temperature refrigerant, releasing heat to the refrigerant and lowering its own temperature. Simultaneously, the refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates into a gas. This vaporized gaseous refrigerant is drawn into the compressor and compressed into a high-temperature, high-pressure gas. This gas then enters the condenser, dissipating heat to the environment and condensing back into a liquid state. The liquid refrigerant is then throttled and depressurized by an expansion valve, returning to a low-temperature, low-pressure state before re-entering the evaporator to absorb heat, completing the refrigeration cycle and continuously cooling the energy storage battery.

[0047] It should be noted that the main difference between this application and conventional liquid cooling systems is the arrangement of the condenser and the fan. This application does not limit the installation location of components such as expansion valves, evaporators, compressors, and water pumps. For example, they can be installed on the side wall, bottom, or top of the module compartment 10, or on the side wall, bottom, or top of the energy storage battery compartment.

[0048] The module compartment 10 is equipped with two independent circulating air ducts: an external circulating air duct that connects to the external environment and an internal circulating air duct that circulates only within the module compartment. The two ducts are switched via automatic dampers. For example, an external circulating air inlet duct 103 is installed on the wall of the module compartment 10. One end of the external circulating air inlet duct 103 extends through the module compartment 10 to the external environment, and the other end extends to the air inlet of the fan 102. Automatic dampers can be installed at the external circulating air inlet duct, the internal circulating air inlet duct, and the air inlet of the fan 102. The switching between external and internal circulation is controlled by controlling these automatic dampers. This allows control over whether external airflow is introduced into the module compartment 10. When there is no sandstorm outside, the automatic dampers can be opened to introduce external airflow into the module compartment 10. The fan 102 inside the module compartment 10 uses the introduced external airflow to purge the fins of the condenser, accelerating condenser heat dissipation. When there is a lot of wind and sand outside, the automatic damper can be closed, preventing external airflow from entering the module compartment 10. In this case, the fan 102 can only use the airflow inside the module compartment 10 to blow the condenser fins. Alternatively, the angle of the automatic damper can be controlled to allow air to enter both the internal and external air ducts, which is a mixed air intake mode.

[0049] Automatic dampers can take various structural forms such as louvered type and flap type. For example, Figure 5 The diagram shows a flap-type automatic damper. The external circulation air inlet duct 103 extends to the air inlet of the fan 102, while the vertical direction represents the internal circulation air duct. The automatic damper 104 is installed at the end of the external circulation air inlet duct 103 via a rotating shaft 105. When the automatic damper rotates to the vertical position, it completely closes the external circulation air inlet duct 103 and opens the internal circulation air duct. When the automatic damper rotates to the horizontal position, it completely closes the internal circulation air inlet duct and opens the external circulation air duct. When the automatic damper rotates to the tilted position, it partially opens both the external circulation air inlet duct 103 and the internal circulation air duct, allowing air to enter from both ducts simultaneously.

[0050] The design of internal and external air circulation and automatic dampers is a standard technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0051] Additionally, a pressure relief vent can be installed on the module compartment. When air is drawn in from outside the module compartment through the external circulation duct, the air pressure inside the module compartment will increase slightly. To balance the pressure, the stale air inside the module compartment will be discharged through the pressure relief vent. The internal circulation duct only circulates the air inside the module compartment and does not exchange air with the outside. Therefore, virtually no air is actively discharged from the pressure relief vent.

[0052] In one feasible embodiment, the fin spacing of the condenser is significantly larger than that of conventional condensers, which fundamentally reduces the adhesion and accumulation of sand and dust. Conventional condenser fin spacing is approximately 2-4 mm, and fine desert sand particles (125-250 μm) easily "bridge" and accumulate in the narrow gaps. Therefore, this application sets the fin spacing to 8 to 10 mm, preferably 10 mm. 10 mm is more than three times the conventional spacing, preventing sand particles from forming stable bridges, and ensuring sufficient ventilation cross-section even if dust accumulates on both sides simultaneously.

[0053] Multiple compressed air nozzles 107 are positioned on the leeward side of the condenser, meaning the airflow from these nozzles is directed in the same direction as the fan blowing through the fins. While the fan removes dust during condenser fin cleaning, frequent sandstorms can cause dust to fall between the fins, accumulating and clogging the gaps, thus hindering heat dissipation or reducing its effectiveness. This application addresses this by installing compressed air nozzles on the leeward side of the condenser to blow away accumulated dust, ensuring optimal heat dissipation.

[0054] Specifically, if the fan is located on one side of the condenser, the compressed air nozzle can be located on the same side of the condenser, or the compressed air nozzle 107 can be installed on the condenser, such as on the fins, on the condenser coils, or it can be installed separately on an adjacent support structure. The nozzle is connected to a compressed air source through a pipeline, and sprays compressed air to blow away dust from the fins and between the fins, thus ensuring the condenser's heat dissipation effect. The compressed air sprayed by the nozzle is different from the air blown by the fan. The air blown by the fan is usually a divergent airflow. The airflow is relatively chaotic and spreads in all directions, covering a large area and easily dissipating heat quickly to the surroundings. The compressed air sprayed by the nozzle is high-pressure and low-flow. The nozzle instantly converts pressure energy into extremely high airflow velocity, forming a strong impact force that can powerfully impact the area between the fins, effectively blowing away accumulated dust.

[0055] The compressed air source may include a small air compressor and an air storage tank 106, which can be installed inside the module compartment as needed. For example, it can be installed on the bottom plate of the module compartment using bolts or other fasteners, or it can be a skid-mounted air compressor and air storage tank, with the skid chassis placed on the bottom plate of the module compartment. The air compressor's outlet is connected to the air storage tank via a pipeline. The air storage tank 106 can stabilize the air pressure. The nozzle is connected to the air storage tank via a pipeline, and a solenoid valve is installed on the pipeline connecting the nozzle and the air storage tank to control the opening and closing of the pipeline. The air compressor and the solenoid valve are electrically connected to an intelligent controller, which can control whether to deliver compressed gas to the nozzle and whether to replenish compressed air to the air storage tank.

[0056] The intelligent controller can be, for example, a PLC or a microcontroller.

[0057] The above-mentioned use of compressed air spraying is only an example. In locations with convenient water sources, high-pressure water spraying can also be used. Simply connect the nozzle to the high-pressure water source through a pipeline and set a drain outlet at the bottom of the module compartment accordingly.

[0058] This application also excludes the possibility of using ultrasonic dust removal or mechanical vibration dust removal. Ultrasonic dust removal uses ultrasonic waves to generate vibrations to shake off the dry dust adhering to the fins, while mechanical vibration can be achieved by a motor driving an eccentric wheel to generate high-frequency micro-amplitude vibrations to shake off the dry dust adhering to the fins.

[0059] The sensor array includes multiple sensors for real-time acquisition of internal and external system status parameters, including a differential pressure sensor positioned before and after the condenser to monitor the air-side pressure difference (ΔP). Specifically, the two pressure-sensing tubes of the differential pressure sensor are connected to the air inlet and outlet sides of the condenser, respectively, to monitor the pressure difference before and after the condenser. This pressure difference reflects the degree of blockage in the condenser fins. The differential pressure sensor is connected to an intelligent controller, sending the differential pressure signal to the controller. The intelligent controller is connected to an air compressor and a solenoid valve controlling the nozzles. It controls the air compressor to start supplying air to the air tank and controls the solenoid valve to open and supply compressed air to the nozzles. When condenser fin blockage causes the differential pressure to exceed or equal to a threshold pressure, the intelligent controller controls the compressed air source to supply compressed air to the nozzles. The nozzles then blow compressed air from the reverse side of the fins, thereby clearing the blockage.

[0060] The sensor array also includes a particulate matter concentration sensor (monitoring at least PM10) for monitoring ambient dust concentration, installed outside the module compartment. The particulate matter concentration sensor is connected to the intelligent controller, sending particulate matter concentration signals to it. The intelligent controller is connected to the actuator of the automatic damper, controlling the damper to switch between internal and external circulation ducts. When there is heavy wind and sand, resulting in high particulate matter concentration, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to switch to internal circulation. When there is no wind and low particulate matter concentration, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to switch to external circulation.

[0061] The sensor array also includes temperature sensors for monitoring ambient temperature, module compartment temperature, and battery pack temperature. Each sensor is connected to an intelligent controller, which controls the operation of the liquid cooling system based on the battery pack temperature. Specific details regarding the operation and control of the liquid cooling system are not provided here.

[0062] In a feasible embodiment, a wind speed sensor can also be used instead of a particulate matter concentration sensor, because in desert and Gobi areas, dust is abundant, and when the wind reaches a certain level, it will inevitably cause a large amount of dust and sand to be blown up. For example, as shown in Table 1 below, by establishing a correlation between wind speed and dust levels, the suspension status of particulate matter can be determined based on wind speed.

[0063] Table 1

[0064] This application also provides a wind and sand-resistant adaptive thermal management system for an energy storage power station. This system includes a physical protection and adaptive structure layer, an online self-cleaning execution layer, and an intelligent sensing and decision-making control layer. These three core mechanisms work together to form a closed-loop intelligent system. Specifically, the physical protection and adaptive structure layer houses the modular condensing unit within the module compartment for protection and switches the circulating airflow to the condenser via internal and external dual-channel air circulation. The intelligent sensing and decision-making control layer controls the online self-cleaning execution layer and the physical protection and adaptive structure layer to perform internal and external air circulation and reverse blowing operations based on environmental changes monitored by sensors. The online self-cleaning execution layer performs reverse blowing operations on the condenser's heat dissipation fins based on control signals from the intelligent sensing and decision-making control layer.

[0065] The physical protection and adaptive structural layer includes a modular condensation unit and an internal / external circulation air duct switching unit. The modular condensation unit includes a module compartment, a condenser, and a fan housed within it; the module compartment 10 can isolate the effects of external wind and sand. This application integrates the core heat dissipation components of the liquid cooling system, such as the condenser 101 and the fan 102, into the module compartment 10. Protected by the module compartment 10, sand and dust are prevented from being blown onto the condenser fins, effectively avoiding the clogging of the fin gaps. The modular condensing unit can include either a separate condenser and fan, or an integrated condenser and fan.

[0066] The fin spacing of the condenser is significantly larger than that of conventional condensers, which fundamentally reduces the adhesion and accumulation of sand and dust. For example, the fin spacing of a conventional condenser is 2-4 mm, while the fin spacing of this application is 8-10 mm.

[0067] The liquid cooling system cools the liquid cooling plates of the energy storage battery in the same way as described above, and will not be described here. The main difference between this application and conventional liquid cooling systems is the arrangement of the condenser and the fan. This application does not limit the installation location of components such as expansion valves, evaporators, compressors, and water pumps. For example, they can be installed on the side wall, bottom, or top of the module compartment 10, or on the side wall, bottom, or top of the energy storage battery compartment.

[0068] The internal and external circulation air duct switching unit includes internal and external circulation air ducts, as well as an automatic damper that controls the switching between the internal and external circulation air ducts. The module compartment 10 is provided with two independent circulation air ducts, including an external circulation air duct that communicates with the external environment and an internal circulation air duct that circulates only the air inside the module compartment. The two air ducts are switched by automatic damper control.

[0069] The physical protection and adaptive structural layer may also include pressure relief vents. These vents are located on the module compartments, allowing for a slight increase in pressure inside the compartment when air is drawn in from outside through the external circulation duct. To balance the pressure, the stale air inside the module compartment is discharged through the pressure relief vents.

[0070] The online self-cleaning actuator includes multiple compressed air nozzles, an air compressor, an air tank, and a solenoid valve. The compressed air nozzles are located on the leeward side of the condenser. By installing compressed air nozzles on the leeward side or inside the condenser, accumulated dust can be blown down to ensure the condenser's heat dissipation effect.

[0071] The nozzle is connected to a compressed air source via a pipeline. It sprays compressed air to blow away dust from the fins and between them, thus ensuring the condenser's heat dissipation efficiency. The nozzle is also connected to an air tank via a pipeline, with a solenoid valve controlling the pipeline's on / off state. The air compressor and the solenoid valve are electrically connected to an intelligent controller, which can control whether compressed gas is supplied to the nozzle and whether compressed air is replenished to the air tank.

[0072] The intelligent sensing and decision control layer includes multiple sensors and intelligent controllers. The sensors are used to collect internal and external state parameters of the system in real time, including differential pressure sensors, particulate matter concentration sensors, and temperature sensors that monitor ambient temperature, module compartment temperature, and battery pack temperature.

[0073] The differential pressure sensor has two pressure-sensing tubes connected to the air inlet and outlet sides of the condenser, respectively, to monitor the pressure difference across the condenser. This pressure difference reflects the degree of blockage in the condenser fins. The differential pressure sensor is connected to an intelligent controller, sending the differential pressure signal to it. The intelligent controller is connected to an air compressor and a solenoid valve controlling the nozzles. It controls the air compressor to start supplying air to the air tank and controls the solenoid valve to open and supply compressed air to the nozzles. When blockage of the condenser fins causes the differential pressure to exceed or equal to the differential pressure threshold, the intelligent controller controls the compressed air source to supply compressed air to the nozzles. The nozzles then blow compressed air from the reverse side of the fins, thereby clearing the blockage.

[0074] A particulate matter concentration sensor (monitoring at least PM10) is installed outside the module compartment. The sensor is connected to an intelligent controller, sending particulate matter concentration signals to it. The intelligent controller is connected to the actuator of the automatic damper, controlling the damper to switch between internal and external circulation ducts. When there is heavy wind and sand, resulting in high particulate matter concentration, the intelligent controller controls the damper to switch to internal circulation. When there is no wind and low particulate matter concentration, the intelligent controller controls the damper to switch to external circulation.

[0075] The sensor array also includes temperature sensors for monitoring ambient temperature, module compartment temperature, and battery pack temperature. Each sensor is connected to an intelligent controller, which controls the operation of the liquid cooling system based on the battery pack temperature. Specific details regarding the operation and control of the liquid cooling system are not provided here.

[0076] This application also provides a wind and sand adaptive thermal management method for energy storage power stations, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps: Step S1: The intelligent controller acquires signals from the particulate matter concentration sensor and the differential pressure sensor, determines whether the differential pressure is less than the differential pressure threshold B, and whether the particulate matter concentration is less than or equal to the first particulate matter concentration threshold A. If so, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to switch to external circulation mode, the damper opens, and the low-temperature outside air is used to dissipate heat to the maximum extent. Then, step S5 is executed; otherwise, step S2 is executed.

[0077] If the particulate matter concentration is less than or equal to the first particulate matter concentration threshold A, and the pressure difference is less than the pressure difference threshold B, it indicates that the outside air quality is good and the condenser's heat dissipation effect is good. Therefore, the external circulation mode can be used to cool the condenser as much as possible.

[0078] Step S2: Determine whether the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the pressure difference threshold B. If so, automatically enter the self-cleaning mode. For example, if a dust removal mechanism in the form of a nozzle is used, it can blow for 10-30 seconds to remove the accumulated dust, and then execute step S3; otherwise, directly execute step S3.

[0079] When the condenser fins become clogged, causing the differential pressure to exceed or equal to the differential pressure threshold, the intelligent controller will automatically start the air compressor and solenoid valve to blow high-pressure gas or high-pressure water onto the condenser to remove dust from the fins, regardless of the current mode, until ΔP drops below the threshold B.

[0080] Step S3: Determine whether the particulate matter concentration is ≥ threshold C. If so, it indicates that the outside air quality has reached the level of a sandstorm. The intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to switch to internal circulation mode to protect the core components, and then executes step S5; otherwise, execute step S4.

[0081] When a sandstorm is detected (PM10 ≥ threshold C), maintenance personnel can receive system status and predictive maintenance reminders through a remote monitoring platform, and schedule maintenance in a planned manner to avoid unplanned downtime.

[0082] Step S4: Execute the mixed wind mode.

[0083] This indicates that the outside air conditions are moderate. It can control the automatic damper to open both the external and internal air circulation ducts simultaneously, which can partially replace the air volume inside the module compartment.

[0084] Step S5: Data recording and trend analysis.

[0085] The intelligent controller records the trigger frequency of the self-cleaning mode and the average rate of change of ΔP. Through data trend analysis, it can predict the remaining lifespan of key system components and send maintenance warning information to the remote operation and maintenance center in advance. The remote operation and maintenance center can be connected to the intelligent controller via a network.

[0086] Specifically, a correlation list can be established between the trigger frequency of the self-cleaning mode, the average rate of change of ΔP, and the fin condition. During long-term use, fins may experience poor heat dissipation due to corrosion, wear, deformation, or uneven fin spacing, leading to reduced heat dissipation efficiency. This results in more frequent fin blockage, more frequent occurrences of ΔP ≥ threshold B, and more frequent triggering of the self-cleaning mode. A frequency threshold for triggering the self-cleaning mode can be set as needed. If the trigger frequency exceeds the set threshold, a maintenance warning message is sent to the remote maintenance center, allowing personnel to perform on-site maintenance and repair, such as replacing damaged fins or fixing fin spacing.

[0087] This application also provides a wind and sand adaptive thermal management method for energy storage power stations in desert environments, such as... Figure 3 As shown, it includes the following steps: In step S10, the intelligent controller acquires signals from the particulate matter concentration sensor and the differential pressure sensor, and determines whether the differential pressure is greater than or equal to the differential pressure threshold B. If it is greater than or equal to the threshold B, it indicates that the fins are severely blocked. The intelligent controller starts the air compressor and the solenoid valve for blowing, and compressed air is introduced into the nozzle to blow high-pressure gas into the condenser until the differential pressure is less than the differential pressure threshold B. Then, step S20 is executed. If the differential pressure is less than the differential pressure threshold B, step S20 is executed directly.

[0088] The differential pressure sensor has two pressure-sensing tubes connected to the air inlet and outlet of the condenser, respectively, to monitor the pressure difference across the condenser. This pressure difference reflects the degree of blockage in the condenser fins. The differential pressure sensor is connected to an intelligent controller, sending the differential pressure signal to the controller. The intelligent controller is connected to an air compressor and a solenoid valve controlling the nozzles. It controls the air compressor to start supplying air to the air tank and controls the solenoid valve to open and supply compressed air to the nozzles. When the condenser fins are blocked, causing the differential pressure to exceed or equal to the differential pressure threshold, the intelligent controller automatically starts the air compressor and solenoid valve, regardless of the current mode, to purge the condenser with high-pressure gas until ΔP drops below the threshold B.

[0089] Step S20: If the particulate matter concentration is less than or equal to the first particulate matter concentration threshold A, it indicates that the outside air quality is good, and then proceed to step S30; if the particulate matter concentration is greater than or equal to the second particulate matter concentration threshold C, it indicates that the outside air quality has reached the level of a sandstorm, and then proceed to step S40, wherein the first particulate matter concentration threshold A is less than the second particulate matter concentration threshold C; if the particulate matter concentration is between the first particulate matter concentration threshold A and the second particulate matter concentration threshold C, then proceed to step S50.

[0090] A particulate matter concentration sensor can monitor the concentration of particulate matter in the air, such as PM10 concentration. The particulate matter concentration sensor is connected to an intelligent controller and sends the particulate matter concentration signal to the intelligent controller. The intelligent controller is connected to the actuator of an automatic damper to control the automatic damper to switch between internal and external circulation ducts.

[0091] In step S30, the intelligent controller sends a signal to control the internal and external circulation ducts to switch to external circulation, using clean outside air for efficient heat dissipation.

[0092] When the concentration of external particulate matter is less than or equal to the first particulate matter concentration threshold A, it indicates that the quality of the external air environment is good. The intelligent controller then controls the automatic damper to switch to the external circulation air duct. External air enters the module compartment through the external circulation air intake duct, and the fan 102 uses the clean external air to blow and dissipate heat from the condenser fins.

[0093] In step S40, the intelligent controller sends a signal to control the internal and external circulation ducts to switch to internal circulation, using the air inside the module compartment for heat dissipation.

[0094] When the concentration of external particulate matter is greater than or equal to the second particulate matter concentration threshold C, it indicates that the quality of the external air environment is extremely poor. The intelligent controller then controls the automatic damper to switch to the internal circulation air duct, and the fan 102 uses the air in the module compartment to blow and dissipate heat from the condenser fins.

[0095] In step S50, the intelligent controller sends a signal to control the internal and external air circulation ducts to switch to mixed air circulation, while using both outside air and the air inside the module compartment for heat dissipation.

[0096] When the particulate matter concentration is between the first particulate matter concentration threshold A and the second particulate matter concentration threshold C, it indicates that the outside air condition is moderate. The automatic damper can be controlled to open the external circulation duct and the internal circulation duct simultaneously to partially replace the air volume in the module compartment.

[0097] This application also provides a wind and sand adaptive thermal management method for energy storage power stations, such as... Figure 4 As shown, it includes the following steps: In step S100, the intelligent controller acquires signals from the particulate matter concentration sensor and the differential pressure sensor, and determines whether the differential pressure is greater than or equal to the differential pressure threshold B. If it is greater than or equal to the threshold B, it indicates that the fins are severely blocked. The intelligent controller starts the air compressor and the solenoid valve for blowing, and compressed air is introduced into the nozzle to blow high-pressure gas into the condenser until the differential pressure is less than the differential pressure threshold B. If the differential pressure is less than the differential pressure threshold B, step S200 is executed directly.

[0098] In step S200, if the particulate matter concentration is less than or equal to the first particulate matter concentration threshold A, it indicates that the outside air quality is good, and then proceed to step S300; if the particulate matter concentration is greater than or equal to the second particulate matter concentration threshold C, it indicates that the outside air quality has reached the level of a sandstorm, and then proceed to step S400, wherein the first particulate matter concentration threshold A is less than the second particulate matter concentration threshold C; if the particulate matter concentration is between the first particulate matter concentration threshold A and the second particulate matter concentration threshold C, then proceed to step S500.

[0099] A particulate matter concentration sensor can monitor the concentration of particulate matter in the air, such as PM10 concentration. The particulate matter concentration sensor is connected to an intelligent controller and sends the particulate matter concentration signal to the intelligent controller. The intelligent controller is connected to the actuator of an automatic damper to control the automatic damper to switch between internal and external circulation ducts.

[0100] In step S300, the intelligent controller sends a signal to control the internal and external circulation ducts to switch to external circulation, using clean outside air for efficient heat dissipation.

[0101] When the concentration of external particulate matter is less than or equal to the first particulate matter concentration threshold A, it indicates that the quality of the external air environment is good. The intelligent controller then controls the automatic damper to switch to the external circulation air duct. External air enters the module compartment through the external circulation air intake duct, and the fan 102 uses the clean external air to blow and dissipate heat from the condenser fins.

[0102] In step S400, the intelligent controller sends a signal to control the internal and external circulation ducts to switch to internal circulation, using the air inside the module compartment for heat dissipation.

[0103] When the concentration of external particulate matter is greater than or equal to the second particulate matter concentration threshold C, it indicates that the quality of the external air environment is extremely poor. The intelligent controller then controls the automatic damper to switch to the internal circulation air duct, and the fan 102 uses the air in the module compartment to blow and dissipate heat from the condenser fins.

[0104] In step S500, if the outside temperature is higher than the temperature inside the module compartment and the temperature difference exceeds the temperature difference range threshold, the air volume inside the module compartment is used as much as possible to cool the condenser, that is, the ratio of the automatic damper opening the external circulation duct and the internal circulation duct is controlled to be 2:3; if the outside temperature is lower than the temperature inside the module compartment and the temperature difference exceeds the temperature difference range threshold, the low-temperature outside air is used as much as possible to replace the air volume inside the module compartment, that is, the ratio of the automatic damper opening the external circulation duct and the internal circulation duct is controlled to be 3:2; if the temperature difference between the outside temperature and the temperature inside the module compartment is within the temperature difference range threshold, the ratio of the automatic damper opening the external circulation duct and the internal circulation duct is controlled to be 1:1.

[0105] In desert regions, there are significant temperature differences between day and night. Daytime temperatures in the desert are extremely high, typically exceeding 38°C. The modular cabin's interior effectively blocks external heat from entering. Therefore, during the day, the temperature inside the modular cabin may be lower than the outside temperature, allowing for greater utilization of the cabin's airflow to cool the condenser. The 2:3 ratio of external to internal airflow is merely an example, indicating that more of the cabin's airflow is used to cool the condenser. At night, the outside temperature drops significantly, while the condenser's heat dissipation makes the cabin's temperature higher than the outside temperature. In this case, more of the outside airflow can be used to cool the condenser.

[0106] Of course, the present invention may have other embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications are all within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind and sand adaptive thermal management system for an energy storage power station, characterized in that, include: The module compartment contains a condenser and a fan, and the condenser is connected to the energy storage power station via a liquid cooling system; An external circulation air duct and an internal circulation air duct are installed in the module compartment. The external circulation air duct is connected to the outside world in an openable and closable manner, and the internal circulation air duct is connected to the inside of the module compartment in an openable and closable manner. The switching between the external circulation air duct and the internal circulation air duct is controlled by an automatic damper. Dust removal mechanism, used to remove dust from condenser fins; The sensor array includes at least a differential pressure sensor for monitoring the air pressure difference of the condenser and a sensor for monitoring the concentration of external particulate matter. The intelligent controller is connected to the automatic damper, dust removal mechanism, and sensor group. If the external particulate matter concentration is less than or equal to a first particulate matter concentration threshold A, and the pressure difference is less than a pressure difference threshold, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to switch to external circulation mode. If the external particulate matter concentration is greater than or equal to a second particulate matter concentration threshold C, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to switch to internal circulation mode, wherein the first particulate matter concentration threshold A is less than the second particulate matter concentration threshold C. If the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the pressure difference threshold, the intelligent controller controls the dust removal mechanism to remove dust from the fins regardless of the circulation duct's current mode.

2. The wind and sand adaptive thermal management system for energy storage power stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, If the concentration of external particulate matter is between the first particulate matter concentration threshold and the second particulate matter concentration threshold C, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to switch to a mixed air mode in which both the external and internal circulation ducts are opened simultaneously.

3. The wind and sand adaptive thermal management system for energy storage power stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fin spacing of the condenser ranges from 8 to 10 mm.

4. The wind and sand adaptive thermal management system for energy storage power stations according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dust removal mechanism consists of nozzles, with multiple nozzles positioned on the leeward side of the condenser. The nozzles are connected to a compressed air source via pipelines, and a solenoid valve is installed on the pipelines. The solenoid valve is connected to the intelligent controller.

5. The wind and sand adaptive thermal management system for energy storage power stations according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dust removal mechanism consists of nozzles, with multiple nozzles positioned on the leeward side of the condenser. The nozzles are connected to a high-pressure water source via pipelines, and a solenoid valve is installed on the pipelines. The solenoid valve is connected to the intelligent controller, and a drain outlet is also provided at the bottom of the module compartment.

6. The wind and sand adaptive thermal management system for an energy storage power station according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dust removal mechanism is an ultrasonic dust removal device or a mechanical vibration dust removal device.

7. The wind and sand adaptive thermal management system for energy storage power stations according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sensor used to monitor the concentration of external particulate matter is a particulate matter concentration sensor.

8. The wind and sand adaptive thermal management system for an energy storage power station according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sensor used to monitor the concentration of external particulate matter is a wind speed sensor. The wind speed sensor establishes a correlation between wind speed and dust levels, and determines the concentration of particulate matter based on the wind speed.

9. The wind and sand adaptive thermal management system for an energy storage power station according to claim 3, characterized in that, A pressure relief vent is also provided on the module compartment.

10. The wind and sand adaptive thermal management system for an energy storage power station according to claim 3, characterized in that, The intelligent controller also records the triggering frequency and average rate of change of differential pressure of the dust removal mechanism, predicts the remaining life of key system components through data trend analysis, and sends maintenance early warning information to the remote operation and maintenance center connected to the intelligent controller. The key system components include at least condenser fins.

11. A wind and sand adaptive thermal management system for an energy storage power station, characterized in that, include: The physical protection and adaptive structural layer includes a modular compartment, a modular condensation unit, and an internal and external circulation air duct switching unit. The modular condensation unit includes a condenser and a fan placed inside the modular compartment. The condenser is connected to the energy storage power station through a liquid cooling system. The internal and external circulation air duct switching unit includes an external circulation air duct, an internal circulation air duct, and an automatic damper. The external circulation air duct is openably connected to the outside world, and the internal circulation air duct is openably connected to the inside of the modular compartment. The switching between the external and internal circulation air ducts is controlled by the automatic damper. The online self-cleaning actuator includes nozzles, multiple nozzles are arranged on the leeward side of the condenser, the nozzles are connected to compressed air or high-pressure water source through pipelines, and a solenoid valve is installed on the pipelines, the solenoid valve is connected to an intelligent controller; The intelligent sensing and decision control layer includes a sensor group and an intelligent controller. The sensor group includes at least a differential pressure sensor for monitoring the air-side pressure difference of the condenser and a sensor for monitoring the concentration of external particulate matter. The intelligent controller is connected to the automatic damper, the dust removal mechanism, and the sensor group. If the differential pressure is greater than or equal to a differential pressure threshold, the intelligent controller controls the dust removal mechanism to remove dust from the fins. If the external particulate matter concentration is less than or equal to a first particulate matter concentration threshold A and the differential pressure is lower than the differential pressure threshold, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to switch to external circulation. If the external particulate matter concentration is greater than or equal to a second particulate matter concentration threshold C, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to switch to internal circulation. If the first particulate matter concentration threshold A is less than the second particulate matter concentration threshold C and the external particulate matter concentration is between the first and second particulate matter concentration thresholds C, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to switch to a mixed air mode in which both the external and internal circulation ducts are opened simultaneously.

12. A wind and sand adaptive thermal management method for an energy storage power station, characterized in that, Including wind and sand adaptive thermal management systems for energy storage power stations, including: The module compartment contains a condenser and a fan, and the condenser is connected to the energy storage power station via a liquid cooling system; An external circulation air duct and an internal circulation air duct are installed in the module compartment. The external circulation air duct is connected to the outside world in an openable and closable manner, and the internal circulation air duct is connected to the inside of the module compartment in an openable and closable manner. The switching between the external circulation air duct and the internal circulation air duct is controlled by an automatic damper. Dust removal mechanism, used to remove dust from condenser fins; The sensor array includes at least a differential pressure sensor for monitoring the air pressure difference of the condenser and a sensor for monitoring the concentration of external particulate matter. The intelligent controller connects to the automatic damper, dust removal mechanism, and sensor array. The adaptive thermal management method performs the following steps: Step S1: The intelligent controller acquires signals from the particulate matter concentration sensor and the differential pressure sensor, determines whether the differential pressure is less than the differential pressure threshold B, and whether the particulate matter concentration is less than or equal to the first particulate matter concentration threshold A. If so, the intelligent controller switches to the external circulation mode; otherwise, step S2 is executed. Step S2: Determine whether the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the pressure difference threshold B. If so, the intelligent controller controls the dust removal mechanism to remove dust from the fins, and then executes step S3; otherwise, execute step S3 directly. Step S3: Determine whether the particulate matter concentration is greater than or equal to the particulate matter concentration threshold C. If so, the intelligent controller switches to the internal circulation mode.

13. The wind and sand adaptive thermal management method for energy storage power stations according to claim 12, characterized in that, In step S3, if the particulate matter concentration is less than the particulate matter concentration threshold C, then the mixed wind mode is executed.

14. A wind and sand adaptive thermal management method for an energy storage power station, characterized in that, Including wind and sand adaptive thermal management systems for energy storage power stations, including: The module compartment contains a condenser and a fan, and the condenser is connected to the energy storage power station via a liquid cooling system; An external circulation air duct and an internal circulation air duct are installed in the module compartment. The external circulation air duct is connected to the outside world in an openable and closable manner, and the internal circulation air duct is connected to the inside of the module compartment in an openable and closable manner. The switching between the external circulation air duct and the internal circulation air duct is controlled by an automatic damper. Dust removal mechanism, used to remove dust from condenser fins; The sensor array includes at least a differential pressure sensor for monitoring the air pressure difference of the condenser and a sensor for monitoring the concentration of external particulate matter. The intelligent controller connects to the automatic damper, dust removal mechanism, and sensor array. The adaptive thermal management method performs the following steps: In step S100, the intelligent controller acquires signals from the particulate matter concentration sensor and the differential pressure sensor, and determines whether the differential pressure is greater than or equal to the differential pressure threshold B. If it is greater than or equal to the threshold B, the intelligent controller controls the dust removal mechanism to remove dust from the condenser fins until the differential pressure is less than the differential pressure threshold B. If the differential pressure is less than the differential pressure threshold B, step S200 is executed directly. In step S200, if the particulate matter concentration is less than or equal to the first particulate matter concentration threshold A, then proceed to step S300; if the particulate matter concentration is greater than or equal to the second particulate matter concentration threshold C, then proceed to step S400, wherein the first particulate matter concentration threshold A is less than the second particulate matter concentration threshold C; if the particulate matter concentration is between the first particulate matter concentration threshold A and the second particulate matter concentration threshold C, then proceed to step S500. In step S300, the intelligent controller sends a signal to control the internal and external circulation ducts to switch to external circulation; In step S400, the intelligent controller sends a signal to control the internal and external circulation ducts to switch to internal circulation; Step S500: If the outside temperature is higher than the temperature inside the module compartment and the temperature difference exceeds the temperature difference range threshold, the intelligent controller controls the automatic damper to open the external circulation duct and the internal circulation duct to a ratio of 2:

3. If the outside temperature is lower than the temperature inside the module compartment and the temperature difference exceeds the temperature difference range threshold, the intelligent controller will control the automatic damper to open the external circulation duct and the internal circulation duct in a ratio of 3:

2. If the temperature difference between the outside temperature and the temperature inside the module compartment is within the temperature difference threshold range, the intelligent controller will control the automatic damper to open the external circulation duct and the internal circulation duct in a 1:1 ratio.

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