A low voltage prepackaged substation for a smart grid

Abstract

The application discloses a low-voltage prefabricated transformer substation for a smart power grid and relates to the technical field of box-type transformer substations. The low-voltage prefabricated transformer substation comprises a box-type transformer substation body, heat dissipation openings are formed in the two ends of the box-type transformer substation body, heat dissipation frames are fixedly installed outside the heat dissipation openings, switch windows capable of being turned over to open and close are hingedly connected to one end of the heat dissipation frames, a transformer is fixedly installed in the box-type transformer substation body, an opening and closing mechanism driven by the transformer is arranged on the top of the box-type transformer substation body, and the opening and closing mechanism is in transmission connection with the switch windows on the two sides. The low-voltage prefabricated transformer substation has the technical effects that the switch windows on the two sides are turned over to open and close automatically according to the temperature rise of the transformer, low-frequency sound waves with low perception of human ears and high sensitivity of birds and beasts are generated by mechanical extrusion resonance, passive and low-noise animal driving is realized by combining with a dynamic airflow barrier, high-temperature automatic window opening forced heat dissipation, low-temperature automatic sealing, dustproofing and moisture-proofing and synchronous starting of animal driving in the heat dissipation working condition are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of prefabricated substation technology, specifically a low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids. Background Technology

[0002] Low-voltage prefabricated substations are integrated power distribution systems widely used in smart grids, urban and rural power distribution, residential communities, commercial parks, municipal roads, and new energy power plants. They integrate high-voltage distribution units, transformer units, low-voltage distribution units, reactive power compensation units, metering and protection devices. With advantages such as high integration, short construction period, high protection level, and no daily maintenance, they have become core equipment for outdoor power distribution upgrades and power operation and maintenance. Among these components, the transformer is the core heat-generating component within the prefabricated substation. During long-term operation, it generates a large amount of heat. If this heat cannot be dissipated in time, it can easily lead to high-temperature aging of internal components, decreased insulation performance, and consequently, leakage, localized overheating, equipment tripping, or even burnout. Therefore, a proper ventilation and heat dissipation structure is crucial for ensuring the stable operation of the prefabricated substation.

[0003] Currently, the heat dissipation structures of low-voltage prefabricated substations on the market are mainly divided into two categories: fixed normally open louvers and manually operated louvers. Both types of structures have significant technical defects and cannot adapt to complex outdoor operating conditions. Among them, fixed normally open louvers are always in an open state and have no adaptive opening and closing capability. In severe weather conditions such as rain, fog, sandstorms, and low temperatures, as well as under light load and static conditions, external moisture, dust, particulate matter, and rainwater will continuously enter the interior of the enclosure through the ventilation openings. Over time, this will cause dust accumulation, condensation, and corrosion of the components inside the enclosure, significantly reducing the insulation performance of the equipment, inducing faults such as leakage, local overheating, and aging of lines, severely shortening the service life of the equipment, and increasing the risk of power operation and maintenance failures.

[0004] Manually operated ventilation windows rely entirely on periodic inspections by maintenance personnel. They cannot adapt to changes in transformer load and temperature rise in real time, resulting in drawbacks under dual operating conditions: when the transformer is under low temperature and light load with minimal heat generation and no need for cooling, failure to close the ventilation windows in time leads to long-term dust and moisture accumulation in the enclosure; when the transformer is under high temperature and full load with heat accumulation requiring high-intensity ventilation, failure to open or fully open the ventilation windows in time results in insufficient ventilation and untimely heat dissipation, which can easily trigger transformer over-temperature protection tripping, affecting the stable operation of the power distribution system. Manual operation and maintenance is highly dependent on manual methods, has poor adaptability, and incurs high maintenance costs.

[0005] Meanwhile, existing prefabricated substation ventilation openings lack animal deterrent structures to match heat dissipation conditions. When the ventilation windows are open for heat dissipation and the ventilation openings are exposed, small animals such as birds, rodents, and reptiles can easily crawl into the ventilation openings to build nests, gnaw on cables, and block the ventilation channels. This not only obstructs the ventilation cross-section and reduces heat dissipation efficiency, but also causes serious power failures such as short circuits and power outages, threatening the safe operation of the power distribution system. Therefore, it is urgent to design a low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the problems in related technologies, this invention proposes a low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids to overcome the aforementioned technical problems existing in the existing related technologies.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: A low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids includes a box-type substation body. Both ends of the box-type substation body are provided with heat dissipation vents, and heat dissipation frames are fixedly installed on the outside of the heat dissipation vents. One end of each heat dissipation frame is hinged with a flip-open switch window. The transformer is fixedly installed inside the box-type substation body, and the top of the box-type substation body is equipped with an opening and closing mechanism driven by the heat deformation of the transformer. The opening and closing mechanism is connected to the switch windows on both sides. The bottom of the inner wall of each switch window is fixedly equipped with several equally spaced, self-driven deflection components that rely on heat dissipation airflow. The prefabricated substation body is equipped with a heat dissipation mechanism that corresponds to and cooperates with the heat dissipation vents to provide power airflow for the drive-off components.

[0008] Furthermore, the heat dissipation mechanism includes an air inlet frame fixedly installed on the top of the prefabricated substation body, with air inlets at both ends of the air inlet frame, dustproof nets fixedly installed on the inner walls of the air inlets, a rainproof cover fixedly installed on the top of the air inlet frame, cooling fans fixedly installed on both sides of the interior of the air inlet frame, and ventilation holes opened on both sides of the bottom of the air inlet frame and both sides of the top of the prefabricated substation body, with the cooling fans fixedly installed corresponding to the ventilation holes.

[0009] Furthermore, the opening and closing mechanism includes a top frame fixedly installed in the middle of the inner wall of the top of the box-type substation body, and guide grooves are provided at both ends of the bottom of the top frame. L-shaped push-pull plates are inserted into the inner walls of the guide grooves. A sliding frame is fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of the switch window, and a sliding rod is rotatably connected to one end of the L-shaped push-pull plate that passes through the heat dissipation vent through a pin. The sliding rod slides along the inner wall of the sliding frame. A push-pull assembly for driving the two L-shaped push-pull plates to move towards each other to realize the opening and closing of the switch window is provided in the middle of the top frame and the top of the transformer.

[0010] Furthermore, the push-pull assembly includes a thermal expansion rod fixedly installed on the top of the transformer, and a rack plate is fixedly installed at the middle of the top of the thermal expansion rod, passing through the top frame and extending into the air inlet frame. The top frame and the air inlet frame have guide openings for the rack plate to pass through. A mounting shaft is rotatably connected to the center of the top frame, and a micro gear and a turntable are fixedly installed on both sides of the outer wall of the mounting shaft, respectively. The micro gear meshes with one side of the rack plate. One side of the turntable is rotatably connected to two symmetrically distributed swing arms through a pin, and one end of each swing arm is rotatably connected to a push-pull rod through a pin. One end of each push-pull rod is fixedly connected to one side of an L-shaped push-pull plate.

[0011] Furthermore, guide plates are fixedly installed on both sides of the inner wall of the top frame, and guide holes for the push-pull rod to pass through are opened on the guide plates. A second spring is fixedly installed between one side of the guide plate and one side of the L-shaped push-pull plate.

[0012] Furthermore, a first spring is fixedly installed between the top of the thermal expansion rod and the bottom of the top frame, and a heat-conducting cylinder sleeved on the outside of the thermal expansion rod is fixedly installed on the top of the transformer.

[0013] Furthermore, the deflection assembly includes a flow guide frame fixedly installed at equal intervals on the bottom of the inner wall of the switch window, and the inner wall of each flow guide frame is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft. The outer wall of each rotating shaft is fixedly installed with several impeller blades. One end of each flow guide frame is fixedly installed with a sound exhaust cap, and the end of each rotating shaft extending into the sound exhaust cap is fixedly installed with a turntable. The inner wall of the sound exhaust cap is fixedly installed with equally spaced bionic sound plates, and the outer wall of the turntable is fixedly installed with several compression seats that press against the bionic sound plates. One end of the sound exhaust cap is provided with several first sound exhaust holes, and the circumference of the sound exhaust cap is provided with second sound exhaust holes corresponding to the positions of the bionic sound plates.

[0014] Furthermore, a flow guide seat is fixedly installed on the bottom of the inner wall of the heat dissipation frame, and the top surface of the flow guide seat is designed as an inclined surface. The gap between the bottom of the flow guide seat and the interior of the heat dissipation frame is designed as a placement cavity for the insertion of the deflection component. Several equally spaced flow guide plates are fixedly installed on the top surface of the flow guide seat. The flow guide seat and the flow guide plates cooperate to form a directional air duct.

[0015] Furthermore, a pressure sensor is fixedly installed on the top inner wall of the top frame, and the position of the pressure sensor corresponds to the top of the rack plate. The pressure sensor is electrically connected to the controller and cooling fan inside the box-type substation body.

[0016] Furthermore, the thermal expansion rod is made of a metal material with a high coefficient of thermal expansion, the bionic sound plate is made of a high-elasticity weather-resistant plastic material, and the surfaces of the extrusion seat and the bionic sound plate are coated with a wear-resistant layer.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention provides a low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids. By installing a thermal expansion rod and a heat-conducting cylinder on the top of the transformer, the physical characteristics of the thermal expansion rod—elongating when heated and contracting when cooled—are used to sense the real-time temperature of the transformer. Combined with a transmission structure consisting of a rack and pinion plate, micro-gears, a turntable, a swing arm, a push-pull rod, and an L-shaped push-pull plate, the minute deformation of the thermal expansion rod can be amplified, causing the switch windows on both sides to flip and open / close synchronously. When the transformer is operating at high temperature, the thermal expansion rod extends, driving the switch windows to open. This, along with the pressure sensor from the rack and pinion plate controlling the cooling fan, forces ventilation and heat dissipation of the enclosure, effectively removing the transformer's operating heat and preventing damage from high-temperature heat buildup. When the transformer is operating at low temperature and under light load, the thermal expansion rod contracts, working with the first and second springs to reset the structure, causing the switch windows to close and seal the heat dissipation vents, keeping the enclosure airtight. This effectively prevents external dust and moisture from entering the enclosure, reducing dust accumulation, moisture, and corrosion of components inside the enclosure, and improving the shortcomings of traditional prefabricated substations that cannot adaptively open and close, and contradict the principle of heat dissipation and protection.

[0018] 2. The present invention provides a low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids. By setting an inclined guide seat at the bottom of the inner wall of the heat dissipation frame and evenly arranging multiple sets of guide plates on the top surface of the guide seat, the guide seat and guide plates cooperate to form a directional converging air duct. The airflow discharged by the cooling fan can be concentrated, rectified, guided and converged through this air duct and accurately delivered to the guide frame of the deflection component on the inner wall of the switch window. This avoids the dispersion and loss of airflow and the turbulence of airflow, thereby continuously providing a stable and sufficient driving airflow for the deflection component, ensuring that the fan blades rotate at a uniform and stable speed, and enabling the deflection component to continuously and stably emit sound during the heat dissipation period. This effectively solves the problem of deflection structure failure and unstable sound emission caused by insufficient airflow, and simultaneously improves the overall ventilation and heat dissipation effect of the enclosure.

[0019] 3. This invention provides a low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids. By installing multiple sets of deflection components at equal intervals on the bottom of the inner wall of the switch window, when the cooling fan is venting and the switch window is open, the airflow drives the impeller blades, shaft, and turntable to rotate continuously. The turntable drives the compression seat to periodically compress and rub the bionic sound plate, generating low-frequency sound waves through mechanical resonance. The sound waves are directed out through the first and second rows of sound holes. These sound waves have low perceptibility to the human ear and do not disturb residents. They can effectively stimulate and deter birds, rodents, and reptiles. Combined with the airflow barrier formed by the rotation of the impeller blades, they can effectively prevent small animals from approaching and entering the heat dissipation vents, avoiding problems such as nesting, blocking vents, and gnawing on internal cables. When the cooling fan stops and the switch window is closed, the deflection components automatically stop and become silent due to the lack of airflow, achieving a linkage effect of simultaneous deflection during heat dissipation and silent reset when the system stops. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the entire invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional sectional view of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the guide port and heat dissipation port structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the opening and closing mechanism of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flow guide seat and flow guide plate structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a top frame sectional view of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the guide plate and guide groove structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding frame and guide frame structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the wind turbine blades and sound-emitting cap structure of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the extrusion seat and bionic sound plate structure of the present invention.

[0032] In the picture: 1. Prefabricated substation body; 2. Heat dissipation frame; 3. Switch window; 4. Air inlet frame; 5. Dustproof net; 6. Rainproof cover; 7. Opening and closing mechanism; 71. Guide port; 72. Top frame; 73. Rack plate; 74. Heat conduction cylinder; 75. Thermal expansion rod; 76. First spring; 77. L-shaped push-pull plate; 78. Sliding frame; 79. Push-pull rod; 710. Guide plate; 711. Second spring; 712. Guide groove; 713. Mounting shaft; 714. Miniature gear; 715. 716. Swing arm; 717. Turntable; 718. Slide bar; 81. Drive-away assembly; 82. Guide frame; 83. Noise cap; 84. Shaft; 85. Wind turbine blade; 86. First noise hole; 87. Second noise hole; 88. Turntable; 89. Extrusion seat; 90. Bionic sound plate; 10. Transformer; 11. Cooling fan; 12. Ventilation hole; 13. Pressure sensor; 14. Air inlet; 15. Heat dissipation vent; 16. Guide seat; 17. Guide plate; 18. Placement cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Please see Figures 1-11 A low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids includes a box-type substation body 1. Both ends of the box-type substation body 1 are provided with heat dissipation vents 14, and heat dissipation frames 2 are fixedly installed on the outside of the heat dissipation vents 14. One end of the heat dissipation frame 2 is hinged with a flip-open switch window 3. A transformer 9 is fixedly installed inside the main body 1 of the prefabricated substation. A closing mechanism 7, driven by the heat deformation of the transformer 9, is installed on the top of the main body 1. The closing mechanism 7 is connected to the two side switch windows 3. The closing mechanism 7 includes a top frame 72 fixedly installed in the middle of the inner wall of the top of the main body 1. Guide grooves 712 are provided at both ends of the bottom of the top frame 72. L-shaped push-pull plates 77 are inserted into the inner walls of the guide grooves 712. Sliding frames 78 are fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of each switch window 3. A sliding rod 717 is rotatably connected to one end of the L-shaped push-pull plate 77 passing through the heat dissipation vent 14 via a pin. The sliding rod 717 slides along the inner wall of the sliding frame 78. A mechanism for driving the two L-shaped push-pull plates is provided in the middle of the top frame 72 and on the top of the transformer 9. A push-pull assembly that moves in opposite directions to open and close the switch window 3 includes a thermal expansion rod 75 fixedly mounted on the top of the transformer 9. A rack plate 73, passing through the top frame 72 and extending into the air inlet frame 4, is fixedly mounted at the top center of the thermal expansion rod 75. Guide openings 71 for the rack plate 73 to pass through are provided on the top frame 72 and the air inlet frame 4. A mounting shaft 713 is rotatably connected to the center of the top frame 72. A micro gear 714 and a turntable 716 are fixedly mounted on both sides of the outer wall of the mounting shaft 713. The micro gear 714 meshes with one side of the rack plate 73. Two symmetrically distributed swing arms 715 are rotatably connected to one side of the turntable 716 via pins. One end of each swing arm 715 is rotatably connected to a push-pull rod 79 via a pin. One end of each of the components 9 is fixedly connected to one side of the L-shaped push-pull plate 77. The swing arm 715 is hinged to the push-pull rod 79 via the turntable 716, forming a stroke amplification transmission structure. This amplifies the small thermal expansion deformation of the thermal expansion rod 75 into a large-angle flipping opening and closing action of the window 3. After the transformer 9 cools down, the window 3 automatically closes by relying on elastic reset. Guide plates 710 are fixedly installed on both sides of the inner wall of the top frame 72, and guide holes for the push-pull rod 79 to pass through are opened on the guide plates 710. A second spring 711 is fixedly installed between one side of the guide plate 710 and one side of the L-shaped push-pull plate 77. The L-shaped push-pull plate 77 and the push-pull rod 79 slide in cooperation with the guide groove 712 and the guide plate 710, respectively, to limit the transmission trajectory and ensure that the opening and closing action of the window 3 is smooth and precise. The transformer 9 is equipped with a heat-conducting cylinder 74 that is sleeved on the top of the thermal expansion rod 75 and provides a pre-tightening force for closing and resetting. A first spring 76 is fixedly installed between the top of the thermal expansion rod 75 and the bottom of the top frame 72. When the transformer 9 is running at full load and the body temperature continues to rise, the thermal expansion rod 75 undergoes axial elongation deformation due to heat, which drives the rack plate 73 to slide vertically upward along the guide opening 71. The rack plate 73 drives the micro gear 714 to rotate through meshing transmission. The micro gear 714 synchronously drives the turntable 716 to rotate. The turntable 716 pushes the push-pull rod 79 through the swing arm 715, which drives the L-shaped push-pull plate 77 to slide towards each other along the guide groove 712. The slide rod 717 at the end of the L-shaped push-pull plate 77 slides along the slide frame 78 inside the switch window 3.The minute thermal expansion deformation of the thermal expansion rod 75 is amplified into a large-angle outward flipping action of the switch window 3, causing the heat dissipation vent 14 to open. This allows the two switch windows 3 to adaptively open for heat dissipation and automatically close for protection based on the temperature rise of the transformer 9. Several equally spaced, self-driven deflection components 8 that rely on heat dissipation airflow are fixedly installed on the bottom of the inner wall of the switch window 3. The main body 1 of the prefabricated substation is equipped with a cooling mechanism that corresponds to and cooperates with the heat dissipation vent 14 to provide power airflow for the deflection component 8. The cooling mechanism includes an air inlet frame 4 fixedly installed on the top of the main body 1 of the prefabricated substation, with air inlets 13 at both ends of the air inlet frame 4. Dustproof nets 5 are fixedly installed on the inner walls of the air inlets 13. A rain cover 6 is fixedly installed on the top of the air inlet frame 4. Cooling fans 10 are fixedly installed on both sides of the inside of the air inlet frame 4. Ventilation holes 11 are opened on both sides of the bottom of the air inlet frame 4 and both sides of the top of the prefabricated substation 1. The cooling fans 10 are fixedly installed corresponding to the ventilation holes 11. The exhaust direction of the cooling fans 10 is directly facing the deflection component 8 inside the switch window 3, for supporting the deflection component 8. Continuing to provide rotating airflow power, a pressure sensor 12 is fixedly installed on the top inner wall of the top frame 72, and the position of the pressure sensor 12 corresponds to the top of the rack plate 73. The pressure sensor 12 is electrically connected to the controller and the cooling fan 10 inside the box-type substation body 1. During the upward movement of the rack plate 73, it presses the pressure sensor 12 on the top inner wall of the top frame 72. The pressure sensor 12 transmits the sensing signal to the controller inside the box-type substation body 1. After receiving the signal, the controller controls the cooling fan 10 to start working, thereby drawing outside air through the air inlets 13 at both ends of the air inlet frame 4, filtering and removing dust through the dustproof net 5, and then entering the box through the ventilation hole 11 to perform forced air cooling for the transformer 9.

[0035] In this invention, the deflection component 8 includes a guide frame 81 fixedly installed at equal intervals on the bottom of the inner wall of the switch window 3. A rotating shaft 83 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of each guide frame 81. Several impeller blades 84 are fixedly installed on the outer wall of each rotating shaft 83. A sound exhaust cap 82 is fixedly installed at one end of each guide frame 81. A turntable 87 is fixedly installed at the end of each rotating shaft 83 extending into the sound exhaust cap 82. Equally spaced bionic sound plates 89 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the sound exhaust cap 82. Several compression seats 88 that press against the bionic sound plates 89 are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the turntable 87. One end of the cap 82 has several first row sound holes 85, and the circumference of the cap 82 has second row sound holes 86 corresponding to the position of the bionic sound plate 89. The airflow drives the impeller blades 84, the shaft 83 and the turntable 87 to rotate. When the turntable 87 rotates, it drives the compression seat 88 to periodically press and rub against the bionic sound plate 89, generating low-frequency repelling sound waves that are low in human hearing and sensitive to birds and animals. The first row sound holes 85 and the second row sound holes 86 are used to directionally guide the low-frequency sound waves, reduce the diffusion of environmental noise, achieve low-noise bionic repelling, and at the same time avoid the sound waves from becoming chaotic and attenuated, thus ensuring the repelling effect.

[0036] In this invention, a guide seat 15 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the inner wall of the heat sink frame 2, and the top surface of the guide seat 15 is designed to be inclined. The gap between the bottom of the guide seat 15 and the interior of the heat sink frame 2 is designed as a placement cavity 17 for the insertion of the deflection component 8. Several equally spaced guide plates 16 are fixedly installed on the top surface of the guide seat 15. The guide seat 15 and the guide plates 16 cooperate to form a directional air duct, which gathers the exhaust airflow of the heat sink fan 10 into the guide frame 81, thereby improving the airflow utilization rate and sound stability of the deflection component 8.

[0037] In this invention, the thermal expansion rod 75 is made of metal with a high coefficient of expansion, the bionic sound 89 is made of high-elasticity weather-resistant plastic, and the surfaces of the extrusion seat 88 and the bionic sound 89 are coated with a wear-resistant layer, which is suitable for long-term outdoor high and low temperature and sand and dust harsh working conditions, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the whole machine's adaptive opening and closing and passive drive structure.

[0038] In summary, with the help of the above technical solution of the present invention, the working principle of the present invention is as follows: when the equipment is running normally, the box door is in a closed and locked state, the entire opening and closing mechanism 7 is in an unlocked standby state, and the heat conduction cylinder 74 installed on the top of the transformer 9 collects the temperature of the transformer 9 in real time and transfers it to the thermal expansion rod 75 with a high expansion coefficient. When transformer 9 is operating at full load and its body temperature continues to rise, the thermal expansion rod 75 undergoes axial elongation deformation due to heat. This causes the top-fixed rack plate 73 to slide vertically upwards along the guide opening 71 of the top frame 72 and the air inlet frame 4. During the upward movement of the rack plate 73, it presses against the pressure sensor 12 on the inner wall of the top of the top frame 72. The pressure sensor 12 transmits the sensing signal to the controller inside the box-type substation body 1. Upon receiving the signal, the controller controls the cooling fan 10 to start working. Simultaneously, the rack plate 73 drives the micro gear 714 on the central mounting shaft 713 of the top frame 72 to rotate through meshing transmission. The micro gear 714 synchronously drives the coaxially fixed turntable 716 to rotate. The plate 716 is hinged to the push-pull rod 79 by the swing arms 715 arranged symmetrically on both sides. The push-pull rod 79 slides laterally along the guide hole of the guide plate 710, which drives the L-shaped push-pull plate 77 to slide towards each other along the guide groove 712 at the bottom of the top frame 72. The slide rod 717 at the end of the L-shaped push-pull plate 77 slides along the slide frame 78 inside the switch window 3, which amplifies the small thermal expansion deformation of the thermal expansion rod 75 into a large-angle outward flipping action of the switch window 3, so that the heat dissipation port 14 is opened. After the cooling fan 10 is started, the outside air enters the cabinet through the air inlet 13 at both ends of the air inlet frame 4, is filtered and dust removed by the dustproof net 5, and enters the cabinet through the ventilation hole 11 to perform forced air cooling for the transformer 9. Under the guidance and convergence of the inclined guide seat 15 and guide plate 16 on the inner wall of the heat dissipation frame 2, the heat dissipation airflow is precisely directed towards the equidistant drive-away components 8 at the bottom of the inner wall of the switch window 3. After entering the interior of the guide frame 81, the airflow impacts the impeller blades 84, causing the rotating shaft 83 and the turntable 87 fixed at the end to rotate continuously at high speed. The extrusion seat 88 on the outer wall of the turntable 87 periodically extrudes and rubs the bionic sound plate 89 on the inner wall of the sound cap 82, generating low-frequency drive-away sound waves that are low-perceived by the human ear and highly sensitive to birds and animals through mechanical resonance. The sound waves are directed out through the first sound hole 85 at the end of the sound cap 82 and the second sound hole 86 on the circumference. Together with the dynamic airflow barrier formed by the rotation of the impeller blades 84, a low-noise drive-away barrier without dead angles is formed outside the heat dissipation port 14, effectively blocking and dispersing small animals that try to approach and crawl in, avoiding nesting, wind blockage, and wire chewing failures. When the load on transformer 9 decreases and the temperature gradually drops, the thermal expansion rod 75 cools and contracts to reset, causing the rack plate 73 to move vertically downwards to reset. The rack plate 73 is released from the pressure sensor 12, the controller disconnects the signal, and the cooling fan 10 stops working. At the same time, the first spring 76 and the second spring 711 cooperate to provide elastic reset force, driving the entire transmission mechanism to reset in the opposite direction, driving the switch window 3 to flip inwards and close, completely sealing the heat dissipation vent 14, so that the box returns to a sealed, dustproof and moisture-proof state. After the cooling fan 10 stops, there is no exhaust air supply, the impeller blades 84 and turntable 87 of the drive assembly 8 immediately stop, the bionic sound plate 89 stops emitting sound, and the drive assembly 8 automatically goes into silent sleep, with no noise and no mechanical wear.

[0039] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids, comprising a prefabricated substation body (1), characterized in that, Both ends of the box-type substation body (1) are provided with heat dissipation vents (14), and heat dissipation frames (2) are fixedly installed on the outside of the heat dissipation vents (14). One end of the heat dissipation frame (2) is hinged with a flip-open switch window (3). The transformer (9) is fixedly installed inside the main body (1) of the box-type substation, and the top of the main body (1) of the box-type substation is provided with an opening and closing mechanism (7) driven by the heat deformation of the transformer (9). The opening and closing mechanism (7) is connected to the switch windows (3) on both sides. The bottom of the inner wall of the switch window (3) is fixedly equipped with several equally spaced, self-driven deflection components (8) that rely on heat dissipation airflow. The box-type substation body (1) is internally fixedly equipped with a heat dissipation mechanism that corresponds to and cooperates with the heat dissipation port (14) and provides power airflow for the drive-off component (8).

2. A low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat dissipation mechanism includes an air inlet frame (4) fixedly installed on the top of the box-type substation body (1), and air inlets (13) are provided at both ends of the air inlet frame (4). Dustproof nets (5) are fixedly installed on the inner walls of the air inlets (13). A rain cover (6) is fixedly installed on the top of the air inlet frame (4). Cooling fans (10) are fixedly installed on both sides of the inside of the air inlet frame (4). Ventilation holes (11) are provided on both sides of the bottom of the air inlet frame (4) and both sides of the top of the box-type substation body (1). The cooling fans (10) are fixedly installed corresponding to the ventilation holes (11).

3. A low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids according to claim 2, characterized in that, The opening and closing mechanism (7) includes a top frame (72) fixedly installed in the middle of the inner wall of the top of the box-type substation body (1), and guide grooves (712) are provided at both ends of the bottom of the top frame (72). L-shaped push-pull plates (77) are inserted into the inner wall of the guide grooves (712). A sliding frame (78) is fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of the switch window (3). The end of the L-shaped push-pull plate (77) that passes through the heat dissipation port (14) is rotatably connected to a sliding rod (717) by a pin. The sliding rod (717) slides along the inner wall of the sliding frame (78). A push-pull assembly for driving the two L-shaped push-pull plates (77) to move towards each other to realize the opening and closing of the switch window (3) is provided at the middle of the top frame (72) and the top of the transformer (9).

4. A low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids according to claim 3, characterized in that, The push-pull assembly includes a thermal expansion rod (75) fixedly installed on the top of the transformer (9), and a rack plate (73) is fixedly installed at the middle of the top of the thermal expansion rod (75), passing through the top frame (72) and extending into the air inlet frame (4). The top frame (72) and the air inlet frame (4) are provided with guide openings (71) for the rack plate (73) to pass through. The center of the top frame (72) is rotatably connected to a mounting shaft (713), and micro gears (714) and turntables (716) are fixedly installed on both sides of the outer wall of the mounting shaft (713). The micro gears (714) mesh with one side of the rack plate (73). One side of the turntable (716) is rotatably connected to two symmetrically distributed swing arms (715) through a pin, and one end of each swing arm (715) is rotatably connected to a push-pull rod (79) through a pin. One end of each push-pull rod (79) is fixedly connected to one side of an L-shaped push-pull plate (77).

5. A low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids according to claim 4, characterized in that, Guide plates (710) are fixedly installed on both sides of the inner wall of the top frame (72), and guide holes for the push-pull rod (79) to pass through are opened on the guide plates (710). A second spring (711) is fixedly installed between one side of the guide plate (710) and one side of the L-shaped push-pull plate (77).

6. A low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids according to claim 5, characterized in that, A first spring (76) is fixedly installed between the top of the thermal expansion rod (75) and the bottom of the top frame (72), and a heat-conducting cylinder (74) sleeved outside the thermal expansion rod (75) is fixedly installed on the top of the transformer (9).

7. A low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids according to claim 6, characterized in that, The drive-away component (8) includes a flow guide frame (81) fixedly installed at equal intervals on the bottom of the inner wall of the switch window (3), and the inner wall of the flow guide frame (81) is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft (83). The outer wall of the rotating shaft (83) is fixedly installed with several wind turbine blades (84). One end of the flow guide frame (81) is fixedly installed with a sound exhaust cap (82), and the end of the rotating shaft (83) extending into the sound exhaust cap (82) is fixedly installed with a turntable (87). The inner wall of the sound exhaust cap (82) is fixedly installed with bionic sound plates (89) distributed at equal intervals, and the outer wall of the turntable (87) is fixedly installed with several extrusion seats (88) that press against the bionic sound plates (89). One end of the sound exhaust cap (82) is provided with several first sound exhaust holes (85), and the circumference of the sound exhaust cap (82) is provided with second sound exhaust holes (86) corresponding to the position of the bionic sound plates (89).

8. A low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids according to claim 7, characterized in that, A flow guide seat (15) is fixedly installed on the bottom of the inner wall of the heat dissipation frame (2), and the top surface of the flow guide seat (15) is designed to be inclined. The gap between the bottom of the flow guide seat (15) and the interior of the heat dissipation frame (2) is designed as a placement cavity (17) for the insertion of the drive-away component (8). Several equally spaced flow guide plates (16) are fixedly installed on the top surface of the flow guide seat (15). The flow guide seat (15) and the flow guide plates (16) cooperate to form a directional air duct.

9. A low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids according to claim 8, characterized in that, A pressure sensor (12) is fixedly installed on the top inner wall of the top frame (72), and the position of the pressure sensor (12) corresponds to the top of the rack plate (73). The pressure sensor (12) is electrically connected to the controller and the cooling fan (10) inside the box-type substation body (1).

10. A low-voltage prefabricated substation for smart grids according to claim 9, characterized in that, The thermal expansion rod (75) is made of metal with a high coefficient of expansion, the bionic phonograph (89) is made of high elasticity and weather-resistant plastic, and the surfaces of the extrusion seat (88) and the bionic phonograph (89) are coated with a wear-resistant layer.

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