Self-powered signal feedback-based extrusion type magneto-rheological elastomer power transmission line adaptive damper

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of extrusion type magnetorheological elastomer power transmission line adaptive damper based on self-powered signal feedback, belong to power transmission line anti-vibration and intelligent damping technical field.The damper includes insulating layer, connecting device, damping main body, polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric self-powered signal unit, triboelectric self-powered response unit, solar energy energy storage power supply unit and control unit;Damping main body includes electromagnet core, electromagnetic coil, magnetic yoke, inner and outer layer magnetorheological elastomer and diamond linkage mechanism.When wire vibration, piezoelectric unit obtains wire lateral vibration signal, inner and outer layer magnetorheological elastomer is separated under the extrusion and generates triboelectric internal response signal, and control unit adjusts electromagnetic coil current according to the frequency, phase and intensity of two types of signals, to change the equivalent stiffness and natural frequency of damping main body.The present application can adapt to the drift of wire vibration characteristics caused by icing, wind speed, temperature and tension variation, improve power transmission line damping effect and operation reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vibration prevention and intelligent vibration reduction technology for transmission lines, specifically relating to a mounted adaptive vibration reduction device for overhead transmission lines, and more particularly to an adaptive vibration reducer for transmission lines based on self-powered signal feedback, which combines an insulating mounting structure, a polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric self-powered signal acquisition structure, an extruded magnetorheological elastomer vibration reduction structure, a contact separation triboelectric response structure, a solar energy storage power supply structure, and a closed-loop tuning control structure, and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Overhead transmission lines are exposed to the natural environment for extended periods. Under the influence of factors such as wind loads, temperature variations, rainfall, icing, conductor tension changes, and span variations, they are prone to dynamic responses such as micro-wind vibration, sub-span vibration, and galloping. Long-term periodic vibration of the transmission conductors can cause alternating stresses on the conductor strands, clamps, spacers, connecting hardware, and insulation components. This can lead to loosening of hardware, conductor fatigue breakage, and damage to insulation components. In severe cases, it can even result in line breakage, affecting the safe and stable operation of the transmission line.

[0003] Existing overhead transmission lines typically employ passive vibration damping devices such as vibration dampers, damping wires, and spacers. These devices rely on predetermined mass, stiffness, and damping parameters to absorb or dissipate the vibration energy of the transmission conductors within a corresponding design frequency range. However, the structural parameters of passive vibration damping devices cannot usually be actively adjusted according to the actual operating conditions of the transmission line after installation. When the transmission conductor experiences changes in its mass per unit length, natural frequency, and aerodynamic characteristics due to icing, temperature variations, wind speed changes, or tension changes, the actual vibration frequency of the transmission conductor may deviate from the design frequency of the vibration damping device, causing detuning of the device and reducing its vibration reduction effect.

[0004] Magnetorheological elastomers (MLEs) are a type of intelligent composite material formed by dispersing magnetic particles within an elastic matrix. Under the influence of an external magnetic field, magnetic interactions occur between the magnetic particles in the MLE, causing reversible changes in its shear modulus, compressive modulus, and equivalent stiffness. Therefore, applying MLEs to tuned vibration damping devices allows for adjustment of the device's equivalent stiffness and natural frequency by varying the magnetic field strength acting on the MLE, thus enabling the device to adapt to changes in external vibration frequencies.

[0005] However, directly applying intelligent vibration reduction devices using magnetorheological elastomers to overhead transmission lines still presents the following problems.

[0006] First, since the power transmission cable is in a high-voltage energized state, the signal acquisition elements, electromagnetic coils and control circuits cannot directly contact the conductive surface of the power transmission cable. It is necessary to ensure that the vibration of the power transmission cable can be effectively transmitted to the vibration damping body, while achieving reliable electrical isolation between the power transmission cable and the electrical components of the vibration damper.

[0007] Secondly, existing intelligent vibration reduction devices typically use acceleration sensors, displacement sensors, or strain sensors to obtain vibration information of power transmission cables. These sensors and their signal conditioning circuits require continuous power supply, which increases the energy consumption, wiring, sealing, and maintenance difficulty of the device, making it unsuitable for long-term installation on outdoor power transmission lines.

[0008] Third, simply collecting vibration signals from the power transmission cable side makes it difficult to determine the internal response state of the vibration damping device itself, and also makes it difficult to accurately determine whether the vibration damping device is in a tuned state that matches the current vibration frequency of the power transmission cable. If an active sensor is installed inside the vibration damping device, it will further increase the structural complexity of the device and the power supply burden.

[0009] Fourth, the electromagnetic regulation of magnetorheological elastomers requires a certain amount of excitation power, and it is difficult to continuously provide sufficient electrical energy to the electromagnetic coil using only piezoelectric or triboelectric micro-energy harvesting devices. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish between vibration signal acquisition that does not require external sensor power supply and the power supply of the electromagnetic coil to form an energy supply system that meets the actual operating requirements of transmission lines.

[0010] Therefore, there is a need for an adaptive vibration damper for power transmission lines that can be safely installed on live power transmission lines, can acquire vibration signals from the power transmission line side and response signals from the damping body, and can adjust its equivalent stiffness and natural frequency according to the acquired signals. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive vibration damper for transmission lines based on self-powered signal feedback and its control method, so as to solve the problems of fixed parameters and difficulty in adapting to changes in the vibration characteristics of transmission cables in existing passive vibration damping devices, and to solve the problems of electrical insulation difficulties, continuous power supply required for sensor signal acquisition, difficulty in obtaining the internal response of the vibration damping body, and difficulty in outdoor power supply maintenance of existing intelligent vibration damping devices in the environment of energized transmission lines.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An adaptive vibration damper for transmission lines based on self-powered signal feedback and extrusion magnetorheological elastomer includes an insulation layer, connecting devices, a vibration damping body, a polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric self-powered signal unit, a triboelectric self-powered response unit, a solar energy storage power supply unit, and a control unit.

[0013] The insulating layer is disposed on the outside of the power transmission cable to electrically isolate the power transmission cable from the polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric self-powered signal unit, the vibration damping body, and the control unit. The insulating layer also serves to transmit the vibration and periodic force generated by the power transmission cable to the connecting devices and the polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric self-powered signal unit.

[0014] The connecting device is disposed on the outside of the insulation layer and connected to the vibration damping body, and is used to transmit the vibration generated by the power transmission cable to the vibration damping body.

[0015] The polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric self-powered signal unit includes an upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit and a lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit.

[0016] The upper polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) semi-tubular unit is disposed along the upper half of the circumference of the power transmission cable, and the lower PVDF semi-tubular unit is disposed along the lower half of the circumference of the power transmission cable. The upper and lower PVDF semi-tubular units are spaced apart from each other along the circumference of the power transmission cable and are electrically isolated from the conductive surface of the power transmission cable by an insulating layer.

[0017] The upper and lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular units are electrically insulated from each other and are connected to the control unit through independent electrodes and independent high input impedance signal channels, respectively, to avoid direct neutralization of the piezoelectric charges generated by the two piezoelectric signals.

[0018] The upper and lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular units can be disposed between the insulating layer and the connecting device, or they can be disposed within the insulating clamping layer or the stress layer of the connecting device.

[0019] When the power transmission cable vibrates, the periodic clamping force, bending strain, or local pressure change generated by the power transmission cable is transmitted through the insulation layer to the upper and lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular units, causing the upper and lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular units to output piezoelectric signals respectively.

[0020] The control unit can perform weighted synthesis of the two piezoelectric signals output from the upper and lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular units to obtain the conductor-side vibration signal; the control unit can also evaluate the signal-to-noise ratio of the two piezoelectric signals separately and select the one with the higher signal-to-noise ratio as the conductor-side vibration signal.

[0021] The vibration damping body includes an outer shell, an inner magnetically conductive outer shell, an electromagnetic core, an electromagnetic coil, an upper magnetic yoke, a lower magnetic yoke, an inner magnetorheological elastomer, an outer magnetorheological elastomer, and a rhombic linkage mechanism.

[0022] The inner magnetically conductive outer shell is disposed inside the outer shell. The electromagnet core is disposed inside the inner magnetically conductive outer shell, and the electromagnetic coil is wound around the outside of the electromagnet core. The upper and lower magnetic yokes are arranged opposite each other along the axial direction of the vibration damping body.

[0023] The inner magnetorheological elastomer is arranged along the axial direction of the vibration damping body and is located between the upper and lower magnetic yokes. Preferably, the inner magnetorheological elastomer is a spindle-shaped structure with a central outer diameter larger than the outer diameters at both ends, so that the inner magnetorheological elastomer can produce radial outward bulging deformation when subjected to axial compression.

[0024] The outer magnetorheological elastomer is arranged radially outside the inner magnetorheological elastomer. The outer magnetorheological elastomer can be a cylindrical structure, a ring structure, a semi-ring structure, or a segmented structure.

[0025] Both the inner and outer magnetorheological elastomers comprise an elastic matrix and magnetic particles dispersed within the elastic matrix. The elastic matrix can be Ecoflex silicone rubber or other flexible silicone rubbers. The magnetic particles comprise at least one of carbonyl iron powder, soft magnetic powder, and iron powder.

[0026] The rhomboid linkage mechanism is located on the radially outer side of the outer magnetorheological elastomer and is used to convert the axial compression displacement or vertical compression displacement transmitted by the connecting device into a radial inward displacement acting on the outer magnetorheological elastomer.

[0027] The rhomboid linkage mechanism includes at least four links, end hinge points, a middle hinge point, and a radial pressure plate. The links are hinged to the upper yoke, lower yoke, outer shell, or connecting device via the end hinge points. The radial pressure plate is hinged to adjacent links via the middle hinge point and abuts against the outer wall of the outer magnetorheological elastomer.

[0028] When the upper and lower magnetic yokes approach each other under the action of axial or vertical pressure transmitted by the connecting device, the included angle of the connecting rods of the rhombic linkage mechanism changes, driving the radial pressure plate to move inward along the radial direction of the damping body, causing the outer magnetorheological elastomer to shrink radially inward.

[0029] Simultaneously, the inner magnetorheological elastomer positioned between the upper and lower yokes is subjected to axial compression and undergoes radial outward bulging deformation. The radial inward contraction of the outer magnetorheological elastomer and the radial outward bulging of the inner magnetorheological elastomer work together to create reliable contact between them.

[0030] The triboelectric self-powered response unit includes a triboelectric layer and an electrode layer. The triboelectric layer is disposed on the inner wall of the outer magnetorheological elastomer and faces the outer surface of the inner magnetorheological elastomer. The electrode layer is disposed on the side of the triboelectric layer away from the inner magnetorheological elastomer and is connected to the high input impedance signal channel of the control unit.

[0031] Preferably, the triboelectric layer is a nitrile rubber triboelectric layer. The electrode layer may be made of copper foil, aluminum foil, conductive fabric, conductive silver paste, carbon-based conductive coating, or flexible conductive film.

[0032] The nitrile rubber triboelectric layer can be applied to the inner wall of the outer magnetorheological elastomer by coating, spraying, scraping, dipping, applying a pre-made film, or vulcanization.

[0033] When the vibration damping body is compressed, the inner magnetorheological elastomer bulges outward radially, while the outer magnetorheological elastomer retracts radially under the action of the rhombic linkage mechanism, so that the outer surface of the inner magnetorheological elastomer comes into contact with the triboelectric layer.

[0034] When the compressive force acting on the vibration damping body decreases or disappears, the inner magnetorheological elastomer recovers its elasticity and retracts radially, while the outer magnetorheological elastomer and the rhombic linkage mechanism simultaneously reset, causing the outer surface of the inner magnetorheological elastomer to separate from the triboelectric layer.

[0035] The outer surface of the inner magnetorheological elastomer comes into contact with and separates from the triboelectric layer periodically, causing the contact surface to form charges of opposite polarity and changing the potential difference between the electrode layer and the reference end of the detection circuit. This, in turn, drives the movement of charges in the detection circuit, forming a triboelectric signal that characterizes the internal response of the vibration damping body.

[0036] The electromagnetic coil, electromagnetic core, inner magnetic shell, upper yoke, and lower yoke together form a magnetic circuit that passes through or is adjacent to the inner magnetorheological elastomer and the outer magnetorheological elastomer.

[0037] When the control unit changes the current in the electromagnetic coil, the magnetic field strength in the regions containing the inner and outer magnetorheological elastomers changes. This change in magnetic field strength alters the magnetic interactions between the magnetic particles within the inner and outer magnetorheological elastomers, thereby changing their compressive modulus, restoring force, contact stiffness, and overall equivalent stiffness.

[0038] The electromagnetic core and electromagnetic coil also constitute at least a portion of the moving mass of the vibration damping body. The inner magnetorheological elastomer, the outer magnetorheological elastomer, and the rhombic linkage mechanism together provide the equivalent stiffness and damping of the vibration damping body, enabling the vibration damping body to form a tuned vibration absorption system whose natural frequency can be adjusted by the current of the electromagnetic coil.

[0039] The solar energy storage power supply unit includes a solar power generation component and an energy storage device. The solar power generation component is a solar thin film or a solar panel, and the energy storage device includes at least one of an energy storage battery and a supercapacitor.

[0040] The control unit includes an integrated control circuit board. The integrated control circuit board integrates a charging management circuit, a voltage regulator and power distribution circuit, a high input impedance signal conditioning circuit, a microcontroller, a coil current drive circuit, and a protection circuit.

[0041] The charging management circuit is connected to the solar power generation device and the energy storage device respectively, and is used to store the electrical energy generated by the solar power generation device in the energy storage device.

[0042] The voltage regulation and power distribution circuit is connected to the energy storage device, the microcontroller, and the coil current drive circuit, respectively, and is used to convert the electrical energy output by the energy storage device into electrical energy suitable for use by the microcontroller, the high input impedance signal conditioning circuit, and the coil current drive circuit.

[0043] The high input impedance signal conditioning circuit is connected to the upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit, the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit, and the electrode layer, respectively, and is used to perform at least one of the following processing on the conductor side vibration signal and the internal response signal of the vibration damping body: amplitude limiting, filtering, amplification, shaping, and analog-to-digital conversion.

[0044] The coil current driving circuit is connected to the electromagnetic coil and is used to drive the electromagnetic coil according to the target current determined by the microcontroller. The coil current driving circuit can employ constant current driving, pulse width modulation chopper constant current driving, or graded current driving.

[0045] The protection circuit is used to provide at least one of the following protections for the integrated control circuit board and electromagnetic coil: overcurrent protection, overtemperature protection, undervoltage protection, and reverse connection protection.

[0046] The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric self-powered signal unit and triboelectric self-powered response unit primarily serve as vibration signal sources that do not require external sensor power supply, rather than as the main power source for the electromagnetic coil. The solar energy storage power supply unit is used to provide power to the control unit and the electromagnetic coil.

[0047] The control unit is used to filter, shape, identify frequencies, and calculate phase differences between the conductor side vibration signal and the vibration damping body internal response signal to obtain the conductor vibration main frequency, conductor vibration intensity, vibration damping body response main frequency, vibration damping body internal response intensity, and the phase difference between the conductor side vibration signal and the vibration damping body internal response signal after phase compensation.

[0048] The control unit stores the calibration relationship between the electromagnetic coil current and the natural frequency of the vibration damping body, and determines the initial target current of the electromagnetic coil based on the main frequency of the conductor vibration and the calibration relationship.

[0049] The control unit further corrects the initial target current based on at least one of the phase difference, the frequency deviation between the main frequency of conductor vibration and the main frequency of vibration damping body response, the intensity of conductor vibration and the internal response intensity of vibration damping body, and drives the electromagnetic coil according to the corrected target current to adjust the equivalent stiffness and natural frequency of vibration damping body.

[0050] This invention also provides an adaptive vibration reduction control method for extrusion-type magnetorheological elastomer transmission lines based on self-powered signal feedback, comprising the following steps: S1, acquire the two piezoelectric signals output from the upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit and the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit respectively, and perform weighted synthesis of the two piezoelectric signals to obtain the conductor side vibration signal, or select one of the two piezoelectric signals as the conductor side vibration signal according to the signal-to-noise ratio; S2, acquire the internal response signal of the vibration damping body output by the triboelectric self-powered response unit; S3 performs signal conditioning, filtering and feature extraction on the conductor side vibration signal and the vibration damping body internal response signal to obtain the conductor vibration main frequency, conductor vibration intensity, vibration damping body response main frequency, vibration damping body internal response intensity and the phase difference between the conductor side vibration signal and the vibration damping body internal response signal after phase compensation. S4. Determine the initial target current of the electromagnetic coil based on the dominant frequency of conductor vibration and the pre-calibrated mapping relationship between the electromagnetic coil current and the natural frequency of the vibration reduction body. S5. Based on at least one of the phase difference, the frequency deviation between the main frequency of conductor vibration and the main frequency of vibration damping body response, the intensity of conductor vibration and the internal response intensity of vibration damping body, the initial target current is corrected to obtain the corrected target current. S6, drive the electromagnetic coil according to the corrected target current to change the magnetic field strength in the region where the inner and outer magnetorheological elastomers are located, so as to adjust the equivalent stiffness and natural frequency of the vibration damping body, and repeat S1 to S6.

[0051] Preferably, in S5, the phase difference after phase compensation is compared with a preset phase range.

[0052] When the phase difference is lower than the lower limit of the preset phase range, the current of the electromagnetic coil is adjusted according to the first adjustment direction that is pre-calibrated; when the phase difference is higher than the upper limit of the preset phase range, the current of the electromagnetic coil is adjusted according to the second adjustment direction that is opposite to the first adjustment direction; when the phase difference is within the preset phase range, the current of the electromagnetic coil is maintained or the current adjustment step size is reduced.

[0053] The preset phase range can be from 70° to 110°, or it can be determined based on the power transmission cable model, the vibration damper installation location, the structural parameters of the upper and lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular units, the structural parameters of the inner and outer magnetorheological elastomers, and the on-site calibration results.

[0054] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) An insulation layer is set between the power transmission cable and the electrical components of the vibration damper, and the vibration of the power transmission cable is transmitted to the vibration damping body through the connecting device. While realizing the effective transmission of mechanical vibration, the electrical safety of the vibration damper when applied to live power transmission lines is improved.

[0055] (2) The upper and lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular units, which are spaced apart and electrically insulated from each other, are used to obtain the vibration signal on the transmission cable side. This increases the mechanical coupling area between the piezoelectric unit and the transmission cable clamping area and can avoid direct neutralization of the two piezoelectric charges.

[0056] (3) It can perform weighted synthesis of the two piezoelectric signals output by the upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit and the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit or select the optimal signal based on the signal-to-noise ratio, thereby improving the stability and anti-interference capability of the conductor side vibration signal.

[0057] (4) The radial outward bulging of the inner magnetorheological elastomer after being compressed and the diamond linkage mechanism drive the radial inward shrinkage of the outer magnetorheological elastomer, so that the inner magnetorheological elastomer and the triboelectric layer form a clear contact and separation action, which improves the recognizability of the internal response signal of the triboelectric layer.

[0058] (5) The signal output by the polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric self-powered signal unit is used to characterize the vibration state of the transmission cable side, and the signal output by the triboelectric self-powered response unit is used to characterize the internal response state of the vibration damping body, so that the control unit can perform closed-loop tuning according to the vibration state of the transmission cable side and the internal response state of the vibration damping body.

[0059] (6) By adjusting the current of the electromagnetic coil, the magnetic field strength of the inner and outer magnetorheological elastomers is changed, thereby changing the equivalent stiffness and natural frequency of the vibration damping body, so that the vibration damper can adapt to the changes in the vibration characteristics of the power transmission cable caused by icing, wind speed, temperature and tension.

[0060] (7) A solar energy storage power supply unit is used to provide power to the control unit and the electromagnetic coil. A polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric self-powered signal unit and a triboelectric self-powered response unit are used to provide vibration detection signals without the need for external sensor power supply, thus realizing a reasonable division of labor between sensor signal self-power supply and excitation power supply.

[0061] (8) The charging management circuit, voltage regulation and power distribution circuit, high input impedance signal conditioning circuit, microcontroller, coil current drive circuit and protection circuit are integrated into an integrated control circuit board, which improves the integration of the device and helps to reduce the difficulty of outdoor wiring and maintenance.

[0062] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0063] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the self-powered signal feedback-based extrusion magnetorheological elastomer transmission line adaptive vibration damper of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention, in which the upper and lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular units are separately arranged along the circumference of the power transmission cable. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner magnetorheological elastomer, the outer magnetorheological elastomer, and the rhombic linkage mechanism in the vibration reduction body of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the triboelectric self-powered response unit of the present invention during the contact and separation process between the inner magnetorheological elastomer and the triboelectric layer. Figure 4 (a) in the figure represents the initial state without compressive force. Figure 4 (b) in the figure represents the contact state under compressive force. Figure 4 (c) in the figure represents the separation state after the extrusion pressure decreases or disappears; Figure 5 This is a control flowchart for closed-loop tuning based on the conductor side vibration signal and the internal response signal of the vibration damping body according to the present invention.

[0064] Reference numerals: 1: Power transmission cable; 2: Insulation layer; 3: Connecting device; 4: Upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit; 5: Lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit; 6: Outer shell; 7: Internal magnetically conductive outer shell; 8: Electromagnetic core; 9: Electromagnetic coil; 10: Upper yoke; 11: Lower yoke; 12: Inner layer magnetorheological elastomer; 13: Outer layer magnetorheological elastomer; 14: Rhomboid linkage mechanism; 15: Radial pressure plate; 16: Triboelectric layer; 17: Electrode layer; 18: Solar power generation device; 19: Energy storage device; 20: Integrated control circuit board; 21: Charging management circuit; 22: Voltage regulation and power distribution circuit; 23: High input impedance signal conditioning circuit; 24: Microcontroller; 25: Coil current drive circuit; 26: Protection circuit; 27: End hinge point; 28: Middle hinge point. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0066] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual images. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0067] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0068] Example 1: Overall Structure of the Vibration Damper like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides an adaptive vibration damper for transmission lines based on self-powered signal feedback, including an insulating layer 2, a connecting device 3, a vibration damping body, a polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric self-powered signal unit, a triboelectric self-powered response unit, a solar energy storage power supply unit, and a control unit.

[0069] The insulation layer 2 is disposed on the outside of the power transmission cable 1. The insulation layer 2 can cover a portion of the outer periphery of the power transmission cable 1, or it can adopt a split insulation clamping structure that can cooperate with the connecting device 3.

[0070] The insulation layer 2 can be made of silicone rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, epoxy glass fiber composite material, ceramic insulating material, or multilayer composite insulating material. The material, thickness, and structural dimensions of the insulation layer 2 are determined according to the voltage level, diameter, installation load, and environmental conditions of the power transmission cable 1.

[0071] The connecting device 3 is disposed on the outside of the insulation layer 2 and connected to the vibration damping body. The connecting device 3 is used to transfer the vibration displacement and vibration load of the power transmission cable 1 to the vibration damping body.

[0072] The connecting device 3 can be an openable clamp, an interlocking upper and lower clamping part, a semi-ring clamping part, or a structure that combines a hook and a locking part. The surface of the connecting device 3 that contacts the insulation layer 2 can be provided with an anti-slip structure to improve the connection stability without damaging the insulation layer 2.

[0073] The vibration damping body is located below the connecting device 3 and includes a housing 6, an inner magnetically conductive housing 7, an electromagnet core 8, an electromagnetic coil 9, an upper magnetic yoke 10, a lower magnetic yoke 11, an inner magnetorheological elastomer 12, an outer magnetorheological elastomer 13, and a rhombic linkage mechanism 14.

[0074] The outer shell 6 is used to house and protect the various structural components in the vibration damping body. The inner magnetically conductive outer shell 7 is located inside the outer shell 6 and together with the electromagnet core 8, the upper yoke 10 and the lower yoke 11, forms a magnetic flux transmission path.

[0075] The electromagnetic coil 9 is wound around the outside of the electromagnet core 8. When the electromagnetic coil 9 is energized, it generates a magnetic field. The generated magnetic field is transmitted through the electromagnet core 8, the upper magnetic yoke 10, the inner magnetically conductive outer shell 7, and the lower magnetic yoke 11 to the regions where the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 and the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 are located.

[0076] The upper magnetic yoke 10 and the lower magnetic yoke 11 are arranged opposite each other along the axial direction of the vibration damping body. The inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 is disposed between the upper magnetic yoke 10 and the lower magnetic yoke 11. The outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 is disposed radially outside the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12.

[0077] The rhomboid linkage mechanism 14 is located radially outside the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 and is linked with the upper yoke 10 and the lower yoke 11 to apply a radial inward pushing force to the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 when the upper yoke 10 and the lower yoke 11 approach each other.

[0078] The solar power generation device 18 can be installed on the outside of the housing 6 or above the connecting device 3 to obtain solar radiation. The energy storage device 19 and the integrated control circuit board 20 can be installed in the enclosed electrical cavity of the housing 6, or in a separate protective housing connected to the housing 6.

[0079] Example 2: Polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric self-powered signal unit like Figure 2 As shown, an insulation layer 2 is provided on the outside of the power transmission cable 1, and an upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 4 and a lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 5 are provided on the outside of the insulation layer 2.

[0080] The upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 4 is arranged in a curved manner along the upper half of the outer periphery of the power transmission cable 1, and the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 5 is arranged in a curved manner along the lower half of the outer periphery of the power transmission cable 1.

[0081] The upper polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) semi-tubular unit 4 and the lower PVDF semi-tubular unit 5 are spaced apart on both sides of the circumference of the power transmission cable 1. The spaced areas can be filled with insulating material or form air gaps, so that the upper PVDF semi-tubular unit 4 and the lower PVDF semi-tubular unit 5 are structurally spaced apart and electrically insulated from each other.

[0082] Neither the upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 4 nor the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 5 directly contacts the conductive surface of the power transmission cable 1. The upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 4 and the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 5 can be disposed between the insulating layer 2 and the connecting device 3, or they can be embedded in the insulating clamping layer or the stress layer of the connecting device 3.

[0083] The upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 4 and the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 5 each have independent electrodes and independent shielded leads, and are respectively connected to the high input impedance signal conditioning circuit 23 on the integrated control circuit board 20.

[0084] When the power transmission cable 1 vibrates, the periodic clamping force, bending strain or local pressure change generated by the power transmission cable 1 is transmitted through the insulation layer 2 to the upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 4 and the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 5.

[0085] The upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 4 and the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 5 deform under force and generate piezoelectric signals respectively. Since the two are electrically insulated from each other, direct neutralization of the piezoelectric charges between the upper and lower paths can be avoided.

[0086] The microcontroller 24 can perform weighted synthesis of two piezoelectric signals. Specifically, the high input impedance signal conditioning circuit 23 performs amplitude limiting, filtering, amplification and analog-to-digital conversion on the two piezoelectric signals respectively, and the microcontroller 24 synthesizes the two piezoelectric signals into a conductor-side vibration signal according to preset weights.

[0087] When one of the piezoelectric signals has a low signal-to-noise ratio due to installation deviation, poor local contact, or external noise, the microcontroller 24 evaluates the signal strength, noise level, or spectral stability of the two piezoelectric signals and selects the one with the higher signal-to-noise ratio as the conductor-side vibration signal.

[0088] Example 3: Inner layer magnetorheological elastomer and outer layer magnetorheological elastomer like Figure 3 As shown, the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 is disposed in the central region of the vibration damping body and is located between the upper magnetic yoke 10 and the lower magnetic yoke 11.

[0089] The inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 has a spindle-shaped structure, with its outer diameter at the middle part of the axial direction being larger than the outer diameter at both ends of the axial direction, so that the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 can produce a more obvious radial outward bulging deformation when subjected to axial compression.

[0090] The inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 can use Ecoflex silicone rubber as the elastic matrix, and disperse carbonyl iron powder, soft magnetic powder, or iron powder in the Ecoflex silicone rubber. The mixed material is injected into a mold that matches the shape of the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12, and after curing, the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 is formed.

[0091] The outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 is arranged radially outside the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12. The outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 can be a complete cylindrical structure, or a ring structure, a semi-ring structure, or a segmented structure composed of multiple arc-shaped elastomers.

[0092] The outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 can also use Ecoflex silicone rubber or other flexible silicone rubber as the elastic matrix, and disperse carbonyl iron powder, soft magnetic powder or iron powder in the elastic matrix.

[0093] The content, particle size, and distribution of magnetic particles in the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 and the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 can be determined based on the required initial stiffness, the range of magnetostrictive stiffness variation, and the allowable deformation.

[0094] A triboelectric layer 16 is provided on the inner wall of the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13, and an electrode layer 17 is provided on the side of the triboelectric layer 16 away from the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12.

[0095] The triboelectric layer 16 is preferably made of nitrile rubber, but other triboelectric materials capable of forming contact electrification with the outer surface of the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 may also be used. The electrode layer 17 may be made of copper foil, aluminum foil, conductive fabric, conductive silver paste layer, carbon-based conductive coating, or flexible conductive film.

[0096] Electrode layer 17 is connected to high input impedance signal conditioning circuit 23 on integrated control circuit board 20 via flexible wires. The flexible wires are provided with bending margins and stress relief structures in the reciprocating motion area to reduce the risk of wire fatigue fracture caused by long-term vibration.

[0097] Example 4: Rhomboid Linkage Mechanism like Figure 3 As shown, the rhomboid linkage mechanism 14 includes at least four links, a radial pressure plate 15, an end hinge point 27, and a middle hinge point 28.

[0098] The ends of adjacent connecting rods are hinged to the upper yoke 10, the lower yoke 11, the housing 6, or the connecting device 3 via end hinge points 27. The middle parts of adjacent connecting rods are hinged to the radial pressure plate 15 via middle hinge points 28.

[0099] The radial pressure plate 15 is disposed on the radially outer side of the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 and abuts against the outer wall of the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13.

[0100] When the upper magnetic yoke 10 and the lower magnetic yoke 11 approach each other under the action of the axial pressure or vertical pressure transmitted by the connecting device 3, the connecting rod angle of the rhomboid linkage mechanism 14 changes, the middle hinge point 28 moves radially inward to the damping body, and drives the radial pressure plate 15 to move radially inward.

[0101] The radial pressure plate 15 presses the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 inward, causing the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 to shrink radially inward. At the same time, the upper magnetic yoke 10 and the lower magnetic yoke 11 apply axial compressive force to the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12, causing the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 to bulge radially outward.

[0102] By radially bulging outward of the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 and radially shrinking inward of the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13, a relatively clear contact action between the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 and the triboelectric layer 16 can be obtained when the axial or vertical displacement transmitted by the connecting device 3 is small.

[0103] When the pressure between the upper yoke 10 and the lower yoke 11 decreases or disappears, the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 and the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 recover their elasticity, the rhombic linkage mechanism 14 resets accordingly, and the radial pressure plate 15 moves outward radially.

[0104] To limit the maximum deformation of the rhomboid linkage mechanism 14, limiting structures can be provided at the end hinge point 27, the middle hinge point 28, or the movement path of the radial pressure plate 15. Wear-resistant bushings and anti-loosening structures can be provided at the end hinge point 27 and the middle hinge point 28 to improve long-term operational reliability.

[0105] Example 5: The process of generating internal response signals of triboelectricity like Figure 4 As shown in (a), in the initial state without being subjected to compressive force, the outer surface of the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 maintains a preset gap with the triboelectric layer 16, or the two are in slight contact.

[0106] The preset gap can be determined by the spindle-shaped profile of the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12, the inner diameter of the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13, the thickness of the triboelectric layer 16, the initial included angle of the rhombic linkage mechanism 14, and the initial position of the radial pressure plate 15.

[0107] like Figure 4 As shown in (b), when the damping body is subjected to compressive force, the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 bulges outward in the radial direction, the rhomboid linkage mechanism 14 drives the radial pressure plate 15 to move inward, and pushes the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 to shrink inward in the radial direction, so that the outer surface of the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 contacts the triboelectric layer 16.

[0108] After the outer surface of the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 comes into contact with the triboelectric layer 16, charges of opposite polarity are formed on the contact surface due to the different electron affinities of the two materials. As the contact area increases, the potential difference between the electrode layer 17 and the reference terminal of the detection circuit changes, driving the movement of charges in the detection circuit.

[0109] like Figure 4 As shown in (c), when the extrusion pressure decreases or disappears, the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 retracts radially, and the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 and the rhombic linkage mechanism 14 are reset, so that the outer surface of the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 separates from the triboelectric layer 16.

[0110] As the distance between the two contact surfaces increases, the potential difference between the electrode layer 17 and the reference terminal of the detection circuit changes again, and the charge in the detection circuit moves in the opposite direction or is redistributed.

[0111] The outer surface of the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 periodically contacts and separates from the triboelectric layer 16, causing the electrode layer 17 to output periodic triboelectric signals. The frequency of the triboelectric signal is related to the frequency of the contact and separation motion, the intensity of the triboelectric signal is related to the contact area, contact pressure, and separation distance, and the phase of the triboelectric signal is related to the internal mechanical response state of the vibration damping body.

[0112] Therefore, the triboelectric signal can be used as the internal response signal of the vibration damping body to determine the actual vibration state and tuning state of the vibration damping body.

[0113] Example 6: Magnetic field conditioning and vibration reduction process The electromagnetic coil 9, the electromagnet core 8, the inner magnetic shell 7, the upper magnetic yoke 10 and the lower magnetic yoke 11 together form a magnetic circuit, so that the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 9 passes through or is adjacent to the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 and the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13.

[0114] When the microcontroller 24 controls the coil current drive circuit 25 to increase the current of the electromagnetic coil 9, the magnetic field strength acting on the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 and the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 increases.

[0115] As the magnetic field strength increases, the magnetic interaction between magnetic particles in the magnetorheological elastomer is enhanced, which increases the compressive modulus, restoring force and equivalent stiffness of the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 and the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13.

[0116] When the current in the electromagnetic coil 9 decreases, the magnetic field strength acting on the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 and the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 decreases, causing the equivalent stiffness of the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 and the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 to decrease accordingly.

[0117] The electromagnet core 8 and the electromagnetic coil 9 constitute at least a portion of the moving mass of the damping body. The inner magnetorheological elastomer 12, the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13, and the rhombic linkage mechanism 14 together provide the equivalent stiffness and damping of the damping body.

[0118] The vibration damping body can be approximated as a tuned vibration absorption system consisting of a moving mass, an equivalent spring, and an equivalent damper. Changing the current in the electromagnetic coil 9 can change the equivalent stiffness of the vibration damping body, thereby changing its natural frequency.

[0119] When the natural frequency of the vibration damping body is close to the current dominant vibration frequency of the power transmission cable 1, a strong energy exchange is formed between the power transmission cable 1 and the vibration damping body, so that the vibration energy of the power transmission cable 1 is transferred to the vibration damping body and dissipated through the material damping, structural friction and other damping effects of the magnetorheological elastomer.

[0120] Example 7: Solar Energy Storage Power Supply Unit and Control Unit The solar energy storage power supply unit includes a solar power generation component 18 and an energy storage device 19.

[0121] The solar power generation component 18 is a solar thin film or a solar panel. The solar power generation component 18 can be attached to the sun-facing surface of the housing 6, or it can be mounted on the outside of the connecting device 3 or the housing 6 via a support.

[0122] The energy storage device 19 includes at least one of an energy storage battery and a supercapacitor. The energy storage device 19 is disposed in an electrical chamber that is waterproof, dustproof and weather-resistant.

[0123] The control unit includes an integrated control circuit board 20. The integrated control circuit board 20 integrates a charging management circuit 21, a voltage regulator and power distribution circuit 22, a high input impedance signal conditioning circuit 23, a microcontroller 24, a coil current drive circuit 25, and a protection circuit 26.

[0124] The output terminal of the solar power generation device 18 is connected to the charging management circuit 21, which is connected to the energy storage device 19. The charging management circuit 21 performs reverse connection protection, voltage limiting, and charging control on the electrical energy output by the solar power generation device 18, and stores the electrical energy in the energy storage device 19.

[0125] The output of the energy storage device 19 is connected to the voltage regulator and power distribution circuit 22. The voltage regulator and power distribution circuit 22 provides electrical energy of corresponding voltage levels to the high input impedance signal conditioning circuit 23, the microcontroller 24, and the coil current drive circuit 25, respectively.

[0126] The upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 4, the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 5, and the electrode layer 17 are respectively connected to the high input impedance signal conditioning circuit 23.

[0127] The high input impedance signal conditioning circuit 23 performs amplitude limiting, filtering, amplification, shaping and analog-to-digital conversion on the two piezoelectric signals and triboelectric signals, and sends the processed signals to the microcontroller 24.

[0128] The microcontroller 24 is used to extract the main frequency of conductor vibration, conductor vibration intensity, main frequency of vibration damping body response, internal response intensity of vibration damping body, and phase difference between conductor side vibration signal and internal response signal of vibration damping body, and to determine the target current of electromagnetic coil 9 based on the above signal characteristics.

[0129] The coil current drive circuit 25 drives the electromagnetic coil 9 according to the control signal output by the microcontroller 24. The coil current drive circuit 25 can adopt constant current drive, pulse width modulation chopper constant current drive, or graded current drive.

[0130] The protection circuit 26 is used to implement overcurrent protection, overtemperature protection, undervoltage protection, and reverse connection protection. When the output voltage of the energy storage device 19 is lower than the preset voltage, the microcontroller 24 can reduce the current of the electromagnetic coil 9 or temporarily stop the stiffness adjustment to prioritize the basic operation of the signal acquisition and control unit.

[0131] The upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 4, the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 5, and the triboelectric self-powered response unit are mainly used to output vibration detection signals that do not require external sensor power supply, and do not undertake the main power supply function of the electromagnetic coil 9.

[0132] Example 8: Adaptive Vibration Reduction Control Process like Figure 5 As shown, the adaptive vibration reduction control process in this embodiment includes the following steps.

[0133] S1, acquire the two piezoelectric signals output from the upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 4 and the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 5 respectively.

[0134] The high input impedance signal conditioning circuit 23 conditions the two piezoelectric signals respectively, and the microcontroller 24 evaluates the signal quality of the two piezoelectric signals.

[0135] When both piezoelectric signals meet the preset signal quality conditions, the microcontroller 24 performs weighted synthesis of the two piezoelectric signals according to the preset weights to obtain the conductor-side vibration signal; when the signal-to-noise ratio of one of the piezoelectric signals is lower than the preset threshold, the microcontroller 24 selects the other piezoelectric signal as the conductor-side vibration signal.

[0136] S2, acquire the triboelectric signal output by electrode layer 17, and use the triboelectric signal as the internal response signal of the vibration damping body.

[0137] S3 performs signal conditioning, filtering, and feature extraction on the conductor side vibration signal and the internal response signal of the vibration reduction body.

[0138] The microcontroller 24 can use zero-crossing detection, spectrum analysis, short-time Fourier transform or phase-locked loop processing to obtain the main frequency of conductor vibration, conductor vibration intensity, main frequency of vibration damping body response, and internal response intensity of vibration damping body.

[0139] The microcontroller 24 extracts the fundamental frequency phase of the vibration signal on the conductor side and the internal response signal of the vibration damping body, and performs phase compensation according to the pre-calibrated signal conditioning channel delay and mechanical transmission delay to obtain the phase difference after phase compensation.

[0140] S4. Determine the initial target current of electromagnetic coil 9 based on the dominant frequency of conductor vibration and the pre-calibrated mapping relationship between electromagnetic coil current and the natural frequency of vibration damping body.

[0141] The mapping relationship can be obtained through test calibration before the vibration damper is installed, or it can be corrected after the vibration damper is installed on the power transmission cable 1, according to the model of the power transmission cable 1, the installation location and the on-site vibration state.

[0142] S5. Based on at least one of the phase difference after phase compensation, the frequency deviation between the main frequency of conductor vibration and the main frequency of vibration reduction body response, the conductor vibration intensity and the internal response intensity of vibration reduction body, the initial target current is corrected to obtain the corrected target current.

[0143] S6, the microcontroller 24 controls the coil current drive circuit 25 to drive the electromagnetic coil 9 according to the corrected target current, thereby changing the magnetic field strength of the region where the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 and the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13 are located, so as to adjust the equivalent stiffness and natural frequency of the vibration damping body.

[0144] Subsequently, S1 to S6 are repeated according to the preset sampling period, so that the vibration damping body continuously performs adaptive tuning when the vibration condition of the power transmission cable 1 changes.

[0145] Example 9: Fine Tuning Based on Phase Difference In this embodiment, the microcontroller 24 uses the phase difference between the phase-compensated conductor side vibration signal and the internal response signal of the vibration damping body as the fine tuning criterion.

[0146] The microcontroller 24 compares the phase difference after phase compensation with a preset phase range. The preset phase range can be set to 70° to 110°.

[0147] When the phase difference is less than 70°, the microcontroller 24 adjusts the current of the electromagnetic coil 9 according to a pre-calibrated first adjustment direction. The first adjustment direction can be to increase or decrease the current of the electromagnetic coil 9, and its specific direction is determined according to the calibration relationship between the electromagnetic coil current, the natural frequency of the vibration damping body, and the signal phase difference.

[0148] When the phase difference is greater than 110°, the microcontroller 24 adjusts the current of the electromagnetic coil 9 in a second adjustment direction that is opposite to the first adjustment direction.

[0149] When the phase difference is within the range of 70° to 110°, the microcontroller 24 determines that the vibration damping body is in a near-tuned state, maintains the current of the electromagnetic coil 9, or reduces the current adjustment step size to avoid the current of the electromagnetic coil 9 fluctuating frequently near the target value.

[0150] It should be noted that the preset phase range is not limited to 70° to 110°. In other embodiments, other preset phase ranges can be determined based on the model of the power transmission cable 1, the installation position of the vibration damper, the structural parameters of the upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 4 and the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 5, the structural parameters of the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 and the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13, and the field calibration results.

[0151] Example 10: Adaptive Vibration Reduction under Icing Conditions When the power transmission cable 1 is covered with ice, the mass per unit length of the power transmission cable 1 increases, and the tension and aerodynamic characteristics change, causing the dominant vibration frequency of the power transmission cable 1 to shift relative to the un-iced state.

[0152] The upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 4 and the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit 5 acquire the current vibration signal of the power transmission cable 1 in real time. The microcontroller 24 extracts the main vibration frequency of the conductor of the power transmission cable 1 after it is covered with ice based on the vibration signal.

[0153] The microcontroller 24 determines a new initial target current based on the main frequency of conductor vibration and the mapping relationship between the pre-calibrated electromagnetic coil current and the natural frequency of the vibration damping body.

[0154] At the same time, the triboelectric layer 16 periodically contacts and separates from the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12, and the electrode layer 17 outputs the internal response signal of the vibration damping body.

[0155] The microcontroller 24 corrects the initial target current based on the frequency deviation and phase difference between the vibration signal on the conductor side and the response signal inside the vibration damping body.

[0156] The coil current driving circuit 25 drives the electromagnetic coil 9 according to the corrected target current, changes the equivalent stiffness of the inner magnetorheological elastomer 12 and the outer magnetorheological elastomer 13, so that the natural frequency of the vibration damping body is close to the vibration main frequency of the power transmission cable 1 under the icing state, thereby maintaining the vibration damping effect.

[0157] Example 11: Outdoor Protective Structure To improve the reliability of the shock absorber in outdoor operation, the housing 6 can be made of corrosion-resistant, UV-resistant, waterproof and dustproof materials, and a sealing ring, potting compound or waterproof joint can be installed at the opening of the housing 6.

[0158] The integrated control circuit board 20 and energy storage device 19 are housed in a sealed electrical chamber. The connecting wires between the solar power generation device 18 and the charging management circuit 21, the connecting wires between the electromagnetic coil 9 and the coil current drive circuit 25, and the connecting wires between the electrode layer 17 and the high input impedance signal conditioning circuit 23 are all made of weather-resistant flexible wires.

[0159] Stress relief structures are installed at the locations where flexible conductors pass through moving parts or housing interfaces to reduce conductor fatigue and interface loosening caused by long-term vibration.

[0160] Wear-resistant bushings, limit pins, and anti-loosening structures are provided at the end hinge point 27 and the middle hinge point 28 of the rhomboid linkage mechanism 14 to avoid the increase of hinge gap or loosening of connection caused by long-term reciprocating motion.

[0161] The interior of the outer shell 6 can also be equipped with a drainage structure or a breathable waterproof membrane to reduce the risk of internal condensation caused by temperature differences between day and night.

[0162] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive vibration damper for transmission lines based on self-powered signal feedback and extrusion-type magnetorheological elastomer, characterized in that, It includes an insulating layer, connecting devices, a vibration damping body, a polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric self-powered signal unit, a triboelectric self-powered response unit, a solar energy storage power supply unit, and a control unit; The insulating layer is disposed on the outside of the power transmission cable; The connecting device is disposed on the outside of the insulation layer and connected to the vibration damping body, and is used to transmit the vibration of the power transmission cable to the vibration damping body; The polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric self-powered signal unit includes an upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit and a lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit. The upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit and the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit are respectively arranged along the upper and lower halves of the power transmission cable in the circumferential direction, and are electrically isolated from the conductive surface of the power transmission cable through the insulating layer. The upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit and the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the power transmission cable and are electrically insulated from each other, and are respectively connected to the control unit through independent electrodes and independent high input impedance signal channels. The vibration damping body includes an outer shell, an inner magnetically conductive outer shell, an electromagnetic core, an electromagnetic coil, an upper magnetic yoke, a lower magnetic yoke, an inner magnetorheological elastomer, an outer magnetorheological elastomer, and a rhombic linkage mechanism. The inner magnetorheological elastomer is arranged along the axial direction of the vibration damping body, and the outer magnetorheological elastomer is arranged radially outside the inner magnetorheological elastomer. The rhombic linkage mechanism is arranged radially outside the outer magnetorheological elastomer. The triboelectric self-powered response unit includes a triboelectric layer and an electrode layer. The triboelectric layer is disposed on the inner wall of the outer magnetorheological elastomer and faces the outer surface of the inner magnetorheological elastomer. The electrode layer is disposed on the side of the triboelectric layer away from the inner magnetorheological elastomer. The rhomboid linkage mechanism is used to convert the axial or vertical compressive displacement transmitted by the connecting device into a radial inward displacement acting on the outer magnetorheological elastomer, causing the outer magnetorheological elastomer to radially contract inward and the inner magnetorheological elastomer to radially bulge outward under compression, so that the outer surface of the inner magnetorheological elastomer periodically contacts and separates from the triboelectric layer. The electrode layer is used to output a triboelectric signal characterizing the internal response of the vibration damping body. The electromagnetic coil, electromagnetic core, inner magnetically conductive outer shell, upper magnetic yoke, and lower magnetic yoke together form a magnetic circuit passing through or adjacent to the inner magnetorheological elastomer and the outer magnetorheological elastomer. The solar energy storage power supply unit is electrically connected to the control unit and the electromagnetic coil respectively, and is used to provide power to the control unit and the electromagnetic coil; The control unit is electrically connected to the upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit, the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit, the electrode layer, and the electromagnetic coil, respectively. It is used to adjust the current of the electromagnetic coil according to the conductor-side vibration signal output by the polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric self-powered signal unit and the internal response signal of the vibration damping body output by the triboelectric self-powered response unit, so as to change the magnetic field strength in the region where the inner magnetorheological elastomer and the outer magnetorheological elastomer are located, thereby adjusting the equivalent stiffness and natural frequency of the vibration damping body.

2. The adaptive vibration damper for transmission lines based on self-powered signal feedback using a squeeze-type magnetorheological elastomer, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The upper polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) semi-tubular unit and the lower PVDF semi-tubular unit are disposed between the insulating layer and the connecting device, within the insulating clamping layer of the connecting device, or within the force-bearing layer of the connecting device; the control unit is used to perform weighted synthesis of the two piezoelectric signals output by the upper PVDF semi-tubular unit and the lower PVDF semi-tubular unit to obtain the conductor-side vibration signal, or to select one of the two piezoelectric signals as the conductor-side vibration signal according to the signal-to-noise ratio.

3. The adaptive vibration damper for transmission lines based on self-powered signal feedback using a squeeze-type magnetorheological elastomer, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The inner magnetorheological elastomer has a spindle-shaped structure with a central outer diameter larger than the outer diameters at both ends; both the inner and outer magnetorheological elastomers include an elastic matrix and magnetic particles dispersed within the elastic matrix. The elastic matrix is ​​silicone rubber, and the magnetic particles include at least one of carbonyl iron powder, soft magnetic powder, and iron powder.

4. The self-powered signal feedback-based extrusion-type magnetorheological elastomer transmission line adaptive vibration damper according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rhomboid linkage mechanism includes at least four links, end hinge points, middle hinge points, and radial pressure plates. The links are hinged to the upper yoke, the lower yoke, the outer shell, or the connecting device through the end hinge points. The radial pressure plates are hinged to adjacent links through the middle hinge points and abut against the outer wall of the outer magnetorheological elastomer, so as to push the outer magnetorheological elastomer to radially retract when the upper yoke and the lower yoke approach each other.

5. The self-powered signal feedback-based extrusion-type magnetorheological elastomer transmission line adaptive vibration damper according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer magnetorheological elastomer has a cylindrical structure, a ring structure, a semi-ring structure, or a segmented structure; the triboelectric layer is a nitrile rubber triboelectric layer; the electrode layer is a copper foil, aluminum foil, conductive fabric, conductive silver paste layer, carbon-based conductive coating, or flexible conductive film; and the electrode layer is connected to the high input impedance signal channel of the control unit.

6. The self-powered signal feedback-based extrusion-type magnetorheological elastomer transmission line adaptive vibration damper according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnet core and the electromagnetic coil constitute at least a portion of the moving mass of the vibration damping body. The inner magnetorheological elastomer, the outer magnetorheological elastomer, and the rhombic linkage mechanism together provide the equivalent stiffness and damping of the vibration damping body, so that the vibration damping body forms a tuned vibration absorption system whose natural frequency can be adjusted by the current of the electromagnetic coil.

7. The self-powered signal feedback-based extrusion-type magnetorheological elastomer transmission line adaptive vibration damper according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar energy storage power supply unit includes a solar power generation device and an energy storage device. The solar power generation device is a solar thin film or a solar panel, and the energy storage device includes at least one of an energy storage battery and a supercapacitor. The control unit includes an integrated control circuit board, which integrates a charging management circuit, a voltage regulation and power distribution circuit, a high input impedance signal conditioning circuit, a microcontroller, a coil current drive circuit, and a protection circuit. The charging management circuit is connected to the solar power generation device and the energy storage device, respectively, and the voltage regulation and power distribution circuit is connected to the energy storage device, the microcontroller, and the coil current drive circuit, respectively.

8. The self-powered signal feedback-based extrusion-type magnetorheological elastomer transmission line adaptive vibration damper according to claim 7, characterized in that, The control unit is used to filter, shape, identify frequencies, and calculate phase differences for the conductor-side vibration signal and the vibration damping body's internal response signal to obtain the conductor vibration dominant frequency, conductor vibration intensity, vibration damping body response dominant frequency, vibration damping body internal response intensity, and the phase difference between the conductor-side vibration signal and the vibration damping body's internal response signal after phase compensation. The control unit stores a calibration relationship between the electromagnetic coil current and the vibration damping body's natural frequency, and is used to determine the initial target current of the electromagnetic coil based on the conductor vibration dominant frequency and the calibration relationship, and to correct the initial target current based on at least one of the phase difference, the frequency deviation between the conductor vibration dominant frequency and the vibration damping body's response dominant frequency, the conductor vibration intensity, and the vibration damping body's internal response intensity.

9. A self-powered signal feedback-based adaptive vibration reduction control method for extruded magnetorheological elastomer transmission lines, applied to the self-powered signal feedback-based adaptive vibration damper for extruded magnetorheological elastomer transmission lines as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, acquire the two piezoelectric signals output by the upper polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit and the lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular unit respectively, and perform weighted synthesis of the two piezoelectric signals to obtain the conductor-side vibration signal, or select one of the two piezoelectric signals as the conductor-side vibration signal according to the signal-to-noise ratio; S2, acquire the internal response signal of the vibration damping body output by the triboelectric self-powered response unit; S3, perform signal conditioning, filtering and feature extraction on the conductor side vibration signal and the vibration damping body internal response signal to obtain the conductor vibration main frequency, conductor vibration intensity, vibration damping body response main frequency, vibration damping body internal response intensity and the phase difference between the conductor side vibration signal and the vibration damping body internal response signal after phase compensation; S4. Determine the initial target current of the electromagnetic coil based on the dominant frequency of the conductor vibration and the pre-calibrated mapping relationship between the electromagnetic coil current and the natural frequency of the vibration damping body. S5. Based on at least one of the phase difference, the frequency deviation between the main frequency of the conductor vibration and the main frequency of the vibration damping body response, the conductor vibration intensity and the internal response intensity of the vibration damping body, the initial target current is corrected to obtain the corrected target current. S6, drive the electromagnetic coil according to the modified target current to change the magnetic field strength of the region where the inner magnetorheological elastomer and the outer magnetorheological elastomer are located, so as to adjust the equivalent stiffness and natural frequency of the vibration damping body, and repeat S1 to S6.

10. The adaptive vibration reduction control method for extruded magnetorheological elastomer transmission lines based on self-powered signal feedback according to claim 9, characterized in that, S5 includes: comparing the phase difference after phase compensation with a preset phase range; when the phase difference is lower than the lower limit of the preset phase range, adjusting the current of the electromagnetic coil according to a pre-calibrated first adjustment direction; when the phase difference is higher than the upper limit of the preset phase range, adjusting the current of the electromagnetic coil according to a second adjustment direction opposite to the first adjustment direction; when the phase difference is within the preset phase range, maintaining the current of the electromagnetic coil or reducing the current adjustment step size; the preset phase range is 70° to 110°, or is a phase range determined according to the power transmission cable model, the vibration damper installation position, the structural parameters of the upper and lower polyvinylidene fluoride semi-tubular units, the structural parameters of the inner and outer magnetorheological elastomers, and the field calibration results.

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