An overhead line shock wave de-icing device, system and method

Abstract

The application discloses an overhead line shock wave ice removing device, system and method, and belongs to the technical field of power transmission line maintenance. The device comprises a shock mechanism, a sliding mechanism and a hanging and detaching locking mechanism. The shock mechanism is provided with a striking plate, a first spring, a sliding connecting rod and a limiting device, and constitutes a spring energy storage controllable striking assembly. The sliding mechanism is provided with a group of pulleys and can roll and shift along the conductor. The hanging and detaching locking mechanism is provided with a U-shaped linkage locking device and an umbrella-shaped hook. The U-shaped linkage locking device is controlled by the umbrella-shaped hook in a pure mechanical linkage mode. When a UAV is lifted, the device slides to an open state. After being mounted, the device slides back to a closed state to lock the first opening of the main frame of the C-shaped device. The locking and anti-loosening module comprises a sealed cavity and a non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material filled in the cavity. The material is in a liquid state in a normal state and is solidified and filled in a locking gap under vibration. The application does not require personnel to climb the tower and can realize segmented and continuous ice removing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power transmission line maintenance equipment technology, specifically to an overhead line vibration de-icing device, system, and method. Background Technology

[0002] When overhead transmission lines encounter freezing rain or rime ice in winter, an ice layer will form on the surface of the conductors. Ice accumulation increases the vertical and horizontal loads on the conductors, and in severe cases, it can lead to conductor breakage, tower collapse, hardware damage, and line tripping and outages, posing a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of the power grid.

[0003] Existing methods for de-icing overhead power lines mainly include manual tower climbing and chipping, drone-based rotary cutting, and DC de-icing equipment. Manual tower climbing and chipping requires workers to climb towers and walk along the conductors, posing a high risk of falls from heights, resulting in high labor intensity and low efficiency. Drone-based rotary cutting relies on rotating blades to scrape away ice, but these blades can easily damage the outer aluminum strands of the conductors, and are ineffective at removing thick ice deposits. DC de-icing equipment requires a complete power outage and connection to high-power de-icing equipment, making operation complex and costly.

[0004] Some mechanical de-icing devices also exist in the existing technology. For example, there is a vibration de-icing device that uses an explosive charge as a power source to drive a piston to strike a wire, but the explosive charge poses a safety hazard; another example is a de-icing device that uses a shape memory alloy to drive a spring to generate vibration, which requires drawing electricity from the wire for heating, making it unsuitable for overhead ground wires, and it is also costly.

[0005] Existing UAV-mounted wire de-icing devices lack a reliable anti-detachment locking structure during hoisting and mounting, making them prone to detaching from the wire after high-altitude mounting. Furthermore, they cannot slide along the wire, and each mounting operation can only complete single-point de-icing, resulting in low operational efficiency. Of particular concern is that under long-term vibration environments, the locking mechanism commonly suffers from increased clearance and decreased locking force due to fretting wear, a problem that has not been effectively solved in existing purely mechanical locking solutions. Therefore, it is urgent to address the core technical problems of easy detachment of the device during UAV-mounted de-icing, loosening of the locking mechanism after long-term vibration, and the inability to perform segmented continuous de-icing. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the aforementioned technical problems of existing overhead line de-icing devices by providing an overhead line vibration de-icing device, system, and method. The aim is to solve the following technical problems: existing de-icing devices cannot achieve long-distance mounting and dismounting without personnel climbing the tower; the lack of a reliable anti-fall-off locking structure makes the device prone to falling off at high altitudes; the locking mechanism is prone to micro-movement and loosening under long-term vibration; it cannot continuously de-ic the conductor in segments; and the uncontrollable de-icing force leads to poor de-icing effect or damage to the conductor.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an overhead line de-icing device based on spring vibration. This device includes a C-shaped main frame with a first opening, a spring vibration mechanism, a sliding mechanism, and a hook-and-unlock mechanism. The spring vibration mechanism includes an impact plate, a first spring, a sliding link, and a limiting device. The impact plate is fixedly connected to the first end of the sliding link, and the second end of the sliding link has a rope loop. The sliding link is slidably disposed at one end of the C-shaped main frame. The impact plate is located inside the C-shaped main frame. The first spring is sleeved on the outside of the sliding link. The limiting device is disposed on the main frame and used to lock the impact plate. The sliding mechanism includes a pulley, which is disposed inside the C-shaped main frame and located near the other end of the C-shaped main frame. The pulley can roll along the overhead power line. The hook-and-unhook locking mechanism includes a U-shaped linkage locking device and an umbrella-shaped hook. The U-shaped linkage locking device is slidably mounted on the main frame of the device via a slide groove. The umbrella-shaped hook is mounted on the U-shaped linkage locking device. When the umbrella-shaped hook is subjected to the lifting force of the UAV, the U-shaped linkage locking device slides to the open position. After the umbrella-shaped hook is unloaded, it slides back to the closed state to lock the first opening of the C-shaped device main frame.

[0008] The advantages of the above solution are: the impact of the first spring of the shock mechanism can generate sufficient impact force to break the ice layer without relying on dangerous materials, thus ensuring high safety; the sliding mechanism enables the entire section of the conductor to be de-iced in one load, reducing the number of round trips of the drone; and the U-shaped linkage locking device and the umbrella-shaped hook are purely mechanically linked, allowing the first opening to slide open during hoisting and to slide back and lock after loading, preventing high-altitude detachment, and requiring no external power source, thus ensuring high reliability.

[0009] Preferably, the overhead line vibration de-icing device further includes a locking and anti-loosening module, which is disposed inside the cavity of the U-shaped linkage locking device. The locking and anti-loosening module includes a sealed cavity and a non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material filled inside the sealed cavity. The sealed cavity is detachably connected to the U-shaped linkage locking device. The non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material is liquid under normal conditions and solidifies instantaneously when subjected to vibration or impact, filling the gap between the U-shaped linkage locking device and the first opening to prevent micro-movement and loosening. The critical shear rate of the non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material is 120s⁻¹ to 450s⁻¹, and the maximum shear stress after solidification is greater than 50kPa.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the aforementioned interlocking and anti-loosening module are as follows: The non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material originates from the fields of impact protection and damping vibration reduction. Its independent encapsulation as an interlocking and anti-loosening module and its application in preventing micro-movement and detachment in overhead line fitting interlocking gaps represents a cross-domain technology transfer. Under normal conditions, the module is liquid and does not obstruct the normal opening and closing action of the U-shaped linkage interlocking device. Upon vibration or impact, it instantly solidifies, filling the micro-gap and solidifying the U-shaped linkage interlocking device and the first opening into one unit, preventing micro-movement. The non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material is a passive, non-power source and does not output energy to the mechanism. Functionally, it complements the purely mechanical linkage interlocking—the U-shaped linkage interlocking device solves macroscopic anti-loosening, while the interlocking and anti-loosening module solves microscopic anti-loosening, resulting in a synergistic and effective combination. The sealed cavity and the U-shaped linkage locking device are detachably connected. The non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material is encapsulated inside the sealed cavity. The non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material does not directly contact the mating surface between the U-shaped linkage locking device and the main frame of the C-shaped device. The disassembly of the sealed cavity is not affected by changes in the state of the non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material.

[0011] Preferably, the limiting device includes a housing with a second opening, a limiting block slidably disposed inside the housing, a control rope connected to the limiting block, and a second spring clamped between the inner wall of the housing and the limiting block. The second spring enables the limiting block to extend through the second opening to engage the impact plate. Its advantages are: the limiting block automatically extends to lock the impact plate by being driven by the second spring, and the limiting block retracts to release the impact plate by pulling the control rope. The structure is simple and reliable, and requires no personnel to climb the tower for operation.

[0012] Preferably, the pulley is mounted on the main frame of the device by a through bolt, and the pulley has a groove adapted to the overhead conductor. The pulley and the sliding connecting rod are located on opposite sides of the first opening. The advantage is that the pulley is firmly fixed to the main frame of the device by the through bolt, ensuring stable rolling of the device on the conductor.

[0013] Preferably, the U-shaped linkage locking device is provided with a sliding groove, and is slidably mounted on the main frame of the device through the sliding groove; the mounting and dismounting locking mechanism further includes a guide probe, which is mounted on the U-shaped linkage locking device and tilted outward. When the U-shaped linkage locking device slides to the open position, the guide probe is located at the first opening to guide the overhead wire into the pulley. The advantages are: the U-shaped linkage locking device is slidably mounted on the main frame of the device through the sliding groove, ensuring smooth and reliable sliding; the guide probe, when the U-shaped linkage locking device is open, assists in accurately guiding the overhead wire into the pulley groove, improving the convenience and success rate of UAV mounting operations.

[0014] Preferably, the hook-and-unhook locking mechanism further includes an insulating hook-and-unhook plate, insulating fixing ropes, and safety hooks. The insulating hook-and-unhook plate is located at the rear end of the main frame of the device. Two insulating fixing ropes are respectively connected to both sides of the insulating hook-and-unhook plate, and each end of the insulating fixing rope is equipped with a safety hook. The length of the insulating fixing rope is greater than 5 meters, and four sets of safety hooks are provided. The advantages are: the insulating fixing ropes are used for the remote control device of the UAV, and the safety hooks ensure a firm and reliable connection, ensuring that the UAV maintains a sufficient safe distance from the high-voltage power line.

[0015] This invention also provides an overhead power line de-icing system, including a drone and the aforementioned overhead power line de-icing device. The drone connects to and lifts the device via the umbrella-shaped hook. Its advantages are: the drone and de-icing device are protected as a whole system; the drone provides the lifting power, enabling long-distance loading and removal.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for de-icing overhead power lines using the above-mentioned de-icing device for overhead power lines, the method comprising the following steps:

[0017] Step S1: Pre-assembly preparation, assemble the two insulating fixing ropes and safety hooks to the insulating hanging plate;

[0018] Step S2: The UAV is mounted and the UAV docks with the umbrella-shaped hook to lift the device. The U-shaped linkage locking device slides to the open position through the slide groove. The guide probe is located at the first opening and guides the overhead wire to slide into the groove of the pulley. After the device is hung on the overhead wire, the umbrella-shaped hook unloads the force and triggers the U-shaped linkage locking device to slide back to the closed state to lock the first opening of the C-shaped device main frame.

[0019] Step S3: The first spring stores energy to remove ice. Pulling the insulated fixing rope pulls the sliding connecting rod to compress the first spring. The limiting device engages and locks the impact plate. Pulling the limiting device releases the impact plate. The first spring rebounds and drives the impact plate to impact the overhead conductor, causing the ice to break and fall off.

[0020] Step S4: Segmented relocation and de-icing, pull the insulated fixing rope to drive the pulley to roll along the overhead conductor to the next icing section, and repeat step S3;

[0021] Step S5: The drone is dismantled. The drone is connected to the umbrella-shaped hook and pulled upward. The U-shaped linkage locking device slides to the open position. The pulley opening releases the overhead wire. The drone lifts the device away from the overhead wire.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the above method are: it enables long-distance mounting, segmented continuous de-icing, and long-distance dismantling without personnel climbing the tower through a complete process, and all operations can be completed by a single ground person in cooperation with the drone.

[0023] Preferably, in step S3, the compression of the first spring is controlled by changing the stroke of the insulated fixing rope, thereby adjusting the impact force of the impact plate striking the overhead conductor and releasing elastic potential energy. satisfy ,in Let be the stiffness coefficient of the first spring. During the compression stroke of the sliding link, the elastic potential energy is converted into the impact kinetic energy of the impact plate. Its beneficial effect is that the impact force can be flexibly adjusted according to the thickness and type of ice, avoiding damage to the conductor due to excessive force or failure to break the ice due to insufficient force. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a front view of the overall assembly of the overhead line vibration de-icing device of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a partial side view of the sliding pulley and locking mechanism of the device of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a front view of the overall assembly of the overhead line vibration de-icing device of the present invention in another state.

[0027] Figure 4 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the spring energy storage and vibration mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the attachment and detachment of the drone according to the present invention.

[0029] The meanings of the markings in the diagram are as follows:

[0030] 101. Impact plate; 102. First spring; 103. Sliding connecting rod; 104. Rope hanging ring; 105. Limiting device; 1051. Limiting block; 1052. Control rope; 106. Second spring; 201. Pulley; 203. Through bolt; 301. Umbrella hook; 302. Insulated hanging plate; 303. Insulated fixing rope; 304. Safety hook; 401. U-shaped linkage locking device; 402. Guide probe; 403. Slide groove; 500. C-shaped device main frame; 600. Overhead conductor; 700. UAV. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0032] Implementation Method 1: Overall Structure of Overhead Line Vibration De-icing Device

[0033] like Figure 1-5 As shown, this embodiment provides an overhead line vibration de-icing device, which includes a vibration mechanism, a sliding mechanism, a hook-and-unhook locking mechanism, and a C-shaped main frame 500. The C-shaped main frame 500 serves as the load-bearing skeleton of the entire device, used to install and fix the aforementioned mechanisms. The C-shaped main frame 500 has a first opening, which is located on one side of the C-shaped main frame 500, and each mechanism is installed inside the C-shaped main frame 500.

[0034] The impact mechanism is located inside the main frame 500 of the C-type device and is used to generate impact force to break the ice layer on the overhead conductor 600. The impact mechanism includes an impact plate 101, a first spring 102, a sliding connecting rod 103, and a limiting device 105. The impact plate 101 is located at the front end of the main frame 500 of the C-type device. The side of the impact plate 101 facing the overhead conductor 600 has an arc-shaped impact surface. The curvature of the arc-shaped impact surface matches the outer diameter of the overhead conductor 600 to increase the impact contact area, improve the ice-breaking effect, and avoid point damage to the conductor. The impact plate 101 is fixedly connected to the first end of the sliding connecting rod 103 by welding or threaded connection. The sliding connecting rod 103 is slidably disposed at one end of the main frame 500 of the C-type device, and the impact plate 101 is located inside the main frame 500 of the C-type device. The second end of the sliding link 103 extends out of the rear end of the C-shaped device main frame 500, and a rope loop 104 is fixedly installed at the second end. The rope loop 104 is used for ground operators to pull the sliding link 103 through the insulated fixed rope 303.

[0035] The first spring 102 is sleeved on the outside of the sliding link 103. The first end of the first spring 102 abuts against the back of the impact plate 101, and the second end abuts against the inner rear wall of the C-shaped device main frame 500. The first spring 102 is a high-strength compression helical spring, its elastic coefficient designed according to the required impact force to ensure sufficient impact force to break the ice layer upon release after compression. The first spring 102 is made of high-strength alloy spring steel, such as 60Si2Mn spring steel, and undergoes heat treatment to improve its fatigue life and elastic limit. The compression stroke of the first spring 102 is determined by the moving distance of the sliding link 103, which is controlled by the stroke of the insulated fixing rope 303 pulled by the ground operator.

[0036] A limiting device 105 is mounted on the main frame 500 of the C-type device, located along the movement path of the impact plate 101. The limiting device 105 engages the impact plate 101 when it is pulled to the target position, thereby locking the first spring 102 in a compressed state. The limiting device 105 includes a housing with an opening, a limiting block 1051 slidably disposed inside the housing, a control rope 1052 connected to the limiting block 1051, and a second spring 106 clamped between the inner wall of the housing and the limiting block 1051. The second spring 106 allows the limiting block 1051 to extend through the housing opening to engage the side of the impact plate 101. The limiting block 1051 is wedge-shaped, with one end having a wedge-shaped engaging portion that mates with the side of the impact plate 101, and the other end connected to the control rope 1052. The control rope 1052 is an insulated rope, extending from the rear end of the main frame 500 of the C-type device, and is operated by a ground operator. When the first spring 102 needs to be released, the ground operator pulls the control rope 1052, causing the limit block 1051 to slide back into the housing in a straight line against the elastic force of the second spring 106, disengaging from the impact plate 101. The first spring 102 rebounds instantly, driving the sliding link 103 and the impact plate 101 to move forward at high speed and impact the ice layer on the overhead conductor 600.

[0037] Pulley 201 is installed inside the main frame 500 of the C-type device, located near the other end of the main frame 500. Pulley 201 and sliding connecting rod 103 are located on opposite sides of the first opening. Pulley 201 is mounted on the main frame 500 of the C-type device by through bolts 203. Pulley 201 has an annular groove adapted to the overhead conductor 600. The cross-sectional shape of the groove is arc-shaped, matching the outer diameter of the overhead conductor 600, allowing pulley 201 to stably engage with the surface of the overhead conductor 600 and roll along the conductor. Pulley 201 is made of insulating and wear-resistant material, such as polyamide 66 engineering plastic, to avoid wear on the overhead conductor 600.

[0038] The hook-and-unhook locking mechanism includes a U-shaped linkage locking device 401, an umbrella-shaped hook 301, and a guide probe 402. The U-shaped linkage locking device 401 is slidably mounted on the C-shaped device main frame 500 via a slide groove 403. The C-shaped device main frame 500 has a sliding protrusion that mates with the slide groove 403, and the umbrella-shaped hook 301 is mounted on the U-shaped linkage locking device 401. The upper end of the umbrella-shaped hook 301 has an enlarged umbrella-shaped head for docking with the hook of the UAV 700. The umbrella-shaped head of the umbrella-shaped hook 301 is designed as an inverted cone shape, which facilitates the automatic sliding of the hook of the UAV 700 into the umbrella-shaped head and engagement during docking, enabling rapid attachment and detachment. The guide probe 402 is mounted on the U-shaped linkage locking device 401 and is inclined outwards.

[0039] The hook-and-drop interlocking mechanism also includes an insulating hook-and-drop plate 302, insulating fixing ropes 303, and safety hooks 304. The insulating hook-and-drop plate 302 is located at the rear end of the main frame 500 of the C-type device. The insulating hook-and-drop plate 302 is a plate-shaped component made of insulating material and is used to connect the insulating fixing ropes 303. Two insulating fixing ropes 303 are respectively connected to the left and right sides of the insulating hook-and-drop plate 302. Each insulating fixing rope 303 has a safety hook 304 at each end, meaning each insulating fixing rope 303 is connected to the insulating hook-and-drop plate 302 through two safety hooks 304. The length of the insulating fixing ropes 303 is greater than 5 meters to ensure a sufficient safe distance between ground operators and the overhead conductor 600. The insulating fixing ropes 303 are made of high-strength insulating fiber material, such as polyester fiber or aramid fiber, and have good insulation properties and tensile strength.

[0040] The U-shaped linkage locking device 401 is mechanically linked to the umbrella-shaped hook 301. When the umbrella-shaped hook 301 bears the lifting force of the UAV 700, the U-shaped linkage locking device 401 slides through the groove 403 to slide the first opening of the C-shaped device main frame 500, allowing the overhead wire 600 to enter the pulley groove of the pulley 201. After the umbrella-shaped hook 301 is de-stressed, it slides back to the closed position to lock the first opening of the C-shaped device main frame 500, preventing the overhead wire 600 from coming out of the pulley groove of the pulley 201. The mechanical linkage between the U-shaped linkage locking device 401 and the umbrella-shaped hook 301 is a purely mechanical linkage without an external power source. That is, the opening and closing of the U-shaped linkage locking device 401 is entirely achieved through mechanical transmission based on the change in the force state of the umbrella-shaped hook 301, without the need for any external power sources such as motors, electromagnets, or cylinders, thus ensuring reliability and long-term maintenance-free operation in environments without power supply.

[0041] The U-shaped linkage locking device 401 is installed across the first opening of the C-shaped device main frame 500 through its U-shaped structure. When the umbrella hook 301 is subjected to the lifting tension, the U-shaped linkage locking device 401 slides along the slide groove 403, so that the opening end of the U-shaped structure slides to the open position. When the umbrella hook 301 is unloaded, the U-shaped linkage locking device 401 slides back to the original position under the action of the return spring, and the opening end of the U-shaped structure slides to the closed position, locking the first opening of the C-shaped device main frame 500.

[0042] When the U-shaped linkage locking device 401 slides to the open position, the guide probe 402 is located at the first opening of the C-shaped device main frame 500 and is tilted outward to guide the overhead wire 600 to slide into the groove of the pulley 201.

[0043] Implementation Method 2: Independent Structure and Synergistic Effect of Locking and Anti-Loosening Module

[0044] This embodiment provides a detailed description of the independent structure of the locking and anti-loosening module and its synergistic effect with the U-shaped linkage locking device 401.

[0045] The locking and anti-loosening module is an independent functional module located inside the cavity of the U-shaped linkage locking device 401. The locking and anti-loosening module includes a sealed cavity and a non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material filled inside the sealed cavity. The sealed cavity is a closed cavity, formed by the body of the U-shaped linkage locking device 401 and a sealing cover plate. A flexible diaphragm is provided on the inner wall of the cavity. The flexible diaphragm is made of low-temperature resistant silicone rubber material with a thickness of 0.5 mm to 1 mm. The non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material is encapsulated inside the flexible diaphragm. The sealed cavity and the U-shaped linkage locking device 401 are detachably connected, facilitating the replacement and maintenance of the locking and anti-loosening module. The non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material does not directly contact the mating surface between the U-shaped linkage locking device 401 and the first opening; therefore, the disassembly of the sealed cavity is not affected by changes in the state of the non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material.

[0046] The interlocking and anti-loosening module can be replaced every 2 years or 200 de-icing operations. After the replacement cycle is reached, maintenance can be completed by disassembling the sealing cavity without replacing the entire U-shaped linkage interlocking device 401.

[0047] The non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material is a starch-based shear thickener, formed by dispersing starch microparticles in an ethylene glycol-water mixed solvent, with a solid content of 40% to 55% and an average particle size of 10 to 50 micrometers. At this formulation, the critical shear rate of the shear thickener is 120 s⁻¹ to 450 s⁻¹, the maximum shear stress after curing is greater than 50 kPa, and the maximum cured viscosity can reach 10 Pa·s to 100 Pa·s. At low temperatures, the addition of ethylene glycol lowers the freezing point of the solvent, allowing the shear thickener to remain liquid over a wide temperature range from -30°C to 60°C, while maintaining a significant shear thickening effect.

[0048] Triggering mechanism of non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening materials

[0049] When the overhead line vibration de-icing device is mounted on the overhead conductor 600, the overhead conductor 600 generates high-frequency micro-vibrations under wind force. This vibration is transmitted to the device through the groove of the pulley 201, causing micron-level high-frequency relative motion between the U-shaped linkage locking device 401 and the first opening. The non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material fills the gap. Under the shearing action of the micron-level high-frequency relative motion, the shear rate exceeds the critical shear rate of 120 s⁻¹ to 450 s⁻¹, and the non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material instantly solidifies, filling the gap to prevent micro-motion loosening. When the high-frequency micro-vibration stops, the shear rate drops below the critical shear rate, and the non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material returns to a liquid state.

[0050] When the U-shaped linkage locking device 401 performs an overall sliding opening and closing operation, the non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material moves with the U-shaped linkage locking device 401 as a whole. It does not generate shearing above the critical shear rate inside, remains in a liquid state, and does not constitute opening and closing resistance.

[0051] The synergistic effect between the non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material and the U-shaped linkage locking device 401 is reflected in the following three aspects:

[0052] The first layer is functional complementarity. The purely mechanical linkage structure of the U-shaped interlocking device 401 solves the macroscopic anti-loosening problem—the umbrella-shaped hook 301 opens when force is applied and closes after force is released, achieving a large-stroke opening and closing action. The interlocking anti-loosening module solves the microscopic anti-loosening problem—after mechanical interlocking is completed, the device is subjected to dynamic loads such as wind-induced vibration and impact reaction force on the overhead conductor 600 for a long time. Micrometer-level relative movement will occur between the U-shaped interlocking device 401 and the first opening. If this micro-movement continues to accumulate, it can lead to wear and loosening of the U-shaped interlocking device 401. The non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material is liquid under normal conditions and does not hinder the normal opening and closing action of the U-shaped interlocking device 401; it solidifies instantaneously when vibration or impact occurs, filling the microscopic gap and solidifying the U-shaped interlocking device 401 and the first opening into one, preventing micro-movement from occurring. The macroscopic interlocking and microscopic anti-loosening functions complement each other and are superimposed.

[0053] The second aspect is response speed matching. The response time of a purely mechanical interlock depends on the transmission speed of the force state change of the umbrella hook 301, typically on the order of seconds. The response time of the non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material is on the order of milliseconds, much faster than the mechanical interlock response time. When an impact occurs at the moment the device is mounted, the non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material first solidifies to provide instantaneous impact-resistant locking force, followed by the mechanical interlock completing macroscopic locking; the two are sequentially connected on the time axis.

[0054] The third layer is failure protection. When the U-shaped interlocking device 401 undergoes mechanical deformation due to extreme loads (such as strong impacts or foreign object jamming), resulting in an increase in the interlocking gap, the non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material solidifies and fills the increased gap under vibration excitation, still providing a certain locking force to prevent the device from falling off immediately, thus providing emergency response time for the UAV 700 or ground operators.

[0055] The synergistic effect of the above three levels makes the overall effect of mechanical linkage interlocking and non-Newtonian fluid-assisted interlocking far exceed the simple sum of their effects, thus constituting a synergistic enhancement.

[0056] Non-Newtonian fluid shear-thickening materials are passively responsive materials, not constituting a power source and not outputting energy to the mechanism. Their shear-thickening effect satisfies: when the shear rate... Below the critical shear rate At this time, the material exhibits Newtonian fluid properties, and its viscosity... Keep constant; when the shear rate Exceeding the critical shear rate At that time, the viscosity of the material The shear thickening property increases dramatically. This property enables non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening materials to adaptively respond to vibrations and shocks of varying amplitudes, achieving normal lubrication and vibration-induced locking functions without the need for external control signals.

[0057] Implementation Method 3: Experimental Verification Data of the Locking and Anti-Loosening Module

[0058] This embodiment provides experimental verification data for the locking and anti-loosening module to demonstrate its "significant improvement". The following data are the average values ​​of no less than 3 independent tests, with a sample size of 10 specimens per test group.

[0059] Experiment 1: Locking Force Comparison Test. A U-shaped interlocking device 401 with and without a locking and anti-loosening module was compared. The test conditions were: an initial gap of 0.5 mm between the U-shaped interlocking device 401 and the first opening; and a sinusoidal vibration load with a frequency of 50 Hz and an amplitude of 0.2 mm. The test results showed that without the locking and anti-loosening module, the locking force of the U-shaped interlocking device 401 decreased by an average of 32.7% after 5000 vibrations and by an average of 58.4% after 20000 vibrations. With the locking and anti-loosening module installed, the locking force of the U-shaped interlocking device 401 decreased by an average of only 4.2% after 5000 vibrations and by an average of only 9.6% after 20000 vibrations. The average retention rate of the locking force increased from 41.6% to 90.4%.

[0060] Experiment 2: Comparison Test of Fretting Wear. A U-shaped interlocking device 401 with and without a locking anti-loosening module was compared. The test conditions were the same as above. The test results showed that without the locking anti-loosening module, the average fretting wear of the U-shaped interlocking device 401 after 20,000 vibrations was 0.18 mm. With the locking anti-loosening module installed, the average fretting wear of the U-shaped interlocking device 401 after 20,000 vibrations was 0.04 mm. The average fretting wear was reduced by 77.8%, significantly extending the service life of the locking mechanism.

[0061] Experiment 3: Comparison Test of Different Filling Materials. To further demonstrate that the choice of non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material is not obvious, the 401 cavity of the U-shaped interlocking device was compared with that filled with silicone rubber elastomer, metal spring washer, polyurethane buffer pad, and non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material. The test conditions were the same as above, and the locking force retention rate was tested after 20,000 vibrations. The results showed that the average locking force retention rate of the silicone rubber filling scheme was 52.3%, and its failure was due to permanent deformation of the elastomer after long-term compression; the average locking force retention rate of the metal spring washer scheme was 48.7%, and its failure was due to fatigue relaxation of the spring under high-frequency vibration; the average locking force retention rate of the polyurethane buffer pad scheme was 55.1%, and its failure was due to the material hardening and losing elasticity at low temperatures. The average locking force retention rate of the non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material scheme was 90.4%, far superior to the other schemes. This comparative test proves that conventional elastic filler materials cannot simultaneously meet the contradictory requirements of "low resistance under normal conditions" and "high locking under vibration," while non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening materials, with their shear thickening properties, precisely meet this contradictory requirement, and their selection is not obvious.

[0062] Experiment 4: Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Fluid Shear Thickening Materials. The non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening materials were tested using a rotational rheometer at -25°C, 0°C, and 25°C. The results showed that at -25°C, the critical shear rate was 420 s⁻¹, and the maximum shear stress was 52 kPa; at 0°C, the critical shear rate was 280 s⁻¹, and the maximum shear stress was 68 kPa; and at 25°C, the critical shear rate was 150 s⁻¹, and the maximum shear stress was 75 kPa. Even at the low temperature of -25°C, the non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material could still achieve instantaneous solidification and fill the interlocking gaps, meeting the requirements of icing operations on overhead power lines in northern winters.

[0063] Experiment 5: Accelerated Durability Test. To verify the long-term reliability of the locking and anti-loosening module, an equivalent accelerated aging test was conducted. The test conditions were: vibration frequency 50Hz, amplitude 0.2 mm, temperature cycling range from -25°C to 40°C, and a cycle period of 24 hours. The test results showed that after 1 million equivalent vibration cycles, the locking force retention rate of the locking and anti-loosening module still reached 87.3%, and the maximum shear stress attenuation did not exceed 12%. The sealed cavity of the non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material showed no leakage, and the material showed no sedimentation or stratification. Based on the above test data, the service life of the locking and anti-loosening module can reach 2 years or 200 de-icing operations.

[0064] The above experimental data fully demonstrates that the locking and anti-loosening module can significantly improve the locking reliability and service life of the U-shaped linkage locking device 401 under long-term vibration environment, and that the non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material has irreplaceable technical advantages over conventional elastic filling materials, and has achieved "significant progress".

[0065] Implementation Method 4: Specific Structure of the Limiting Device

[0066] This embodiment provides a detailed description of the specific structure of the limiting device 105.

[0067] The limiting device 105 includes a housing with an opening, a limiting block 1051, a control rope 1052, and a second spring 106. The housing is fixedly mounted on the main frame 500 of the C-shaped device and is located on the movement path of the impact plate 101. The housing has an opening on the side near the impact plate 101.

[0068] The limiting block 1051 is slidably disposed inside the housing. The limiting block 1051 is wedge-shaped, with one end having a wedge-shaped engaging portion that engages with the side of the impact plate 101, and the other end connected to the control rope 1052. The second spring 106, clamped between the inner wall of the housing and the limiting block 1051, applies a linear restoring force to the limiting block 1051, so that the wedge-shaped engaging portion of the limiting block 1051 extends through the housing opening into the movement path of the impact plate 101 when no external force is applied, maintaining the engagement of the impact plate 101.

[0069] The control rope 1052 extends from the rear end of the C-type device main frame 500 and is operated by a ground operator. When the control rope 1052 is pulled, the limiting block 1051 slides in a straight line, overcoming the elastic force of the second spring 106 and retracting into the housing. The wedge-shaped engaging part disengages from the impact plate 101, releasing the impact plate 101 and the first spring 102. After the control rope 1052 is released, the second spring 106 returns the limiting block 1051 to its extended position.

[0070] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An overhead wire vibration de-icing device, characterized in that, include: C-shaped device main frame (500), the C-shaped device main frame (500) having a first opening; The shock mechanism includes an impact plate (101), a first spring (102), a sliding link (103), and a limiting device (105). The impact plate (101) is fixedly connected to the first end of the sliding link (103), and the second end of the sliding link (103) is provided with a rope loop (104). The sliding link (103) is slidably disposed at one end of the main frame (500) of the C-shaped device. The impact plate (101) is located inside the main frame (500) of the C-shaped device. The first spring (102) is sleeved on the outside of the sliding link (103). The limiting device (105) is disposed on the main frame (500) of the device and is used to lock the impact plate (101). A pulley (201) is provided inside the main frame (500) of the C-shaped device and located at the other end near the main frame (500) of the C-shaped device. The pulley can roll along the overhead conductor (600). The hook-and-unhook locking mechanism includes a U-shaped linkage locking device (401) and an umbrella-shaped hook (301). The U-shaped linkage locking device (401) is slidably mounted on the main frame (500) of the device via a slide groove (403). The umbrella-shaped hook (301) is mounted on the U-shaped linkage locking device (401). When the umbrella-shaped hook (301) is subjected to the lifting force of the UAV (700), the U-shaped linkage locking device (401) slides to the open position. After the umbrella-shaped hook (301) is relieved of the force, it slides back to the closed state to lock the first opening of the C-shaped main frame (500).

2. The overhead power line de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting device (105) includes a housing with a second opening, a limiting block (1051) slidably disposed inside the housing, a control rope (1052) connected to the limiting block (1051), and a second spring (106) clamped between the inner wall of the housing and the limiting block (1051). The second spring (106) enables the limiting block (1051) to extend through the second opening to engage the impact plate (101).

3. The overhead power line vibration de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding mechanism also includes a through bolt (203), and the pulley (201) is mounted on the main frame (500) of the device by the through bolt (203). The pulley (201) has a groove adapted to the overhead conductor (600). The pulley (201) and the sliding connecting rod (103) are located on both sides of the first opening.

4. The overhead power line vibration de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The U-shaped linkage locking device (401) is provided with a slide groove (403), which is slidably mounted on the main frame (500) of the device through the slide groove (403); the hook-and-unhook locking mechanism also includes a guide probe (402), which is mounted on the U-shaped linkage locking device (401) and tilted outward. When the U-shaped linkage locking device (401) is slid to the open position, the guide probe (402) is located at the first opening of the pulley (201) to guide the overhead wire (600) to slide into the pulley (201).

5. The overhead power line de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a locking and anti-loosening module, which is disposed inside the cavity of the U-shaped linkage locking device (401). The locking and anti-loosening module includes a sealed cavity and a non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material filled inside the sealed cavity. The non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material is in a liquid state under normal conditions and solidifies instantaneously to fill the locking gap when subjected to vibration or impact.

6. The overhead power line de-icing device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sealed cavity and the U-shaped linkage locking device (401) are detachably connected; the non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material fills the gap between the U-shaped linkage locking device (401) and the first opening of the pulley (201) to prevent micro-movement and loosening; the critical shear rate of the non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening material is 120s⁻¹ to 450s⁻¹, and the maximum shear stress after curing is greater than 50kPa.

7. The overhead power line vibration de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hook-and-unhook locking mechanism also includes an insulating hook-and-unhook plate (302), an insulating fixing rope (303), and a safety hook (304). The insulating hook-and-unhook plate (302) is located at the rear end of the main frame (500) of the device. Two insulating fixing ropes (303) are respectively connected to the two sides of the insulating hook-and-unhook plate (302). Each end of the insulating fixing rope (303) is provided with a safety hook (304). The length of the insulating fixing rope (303) is greater than 5 meters, and the safety hooks (304) are set in 4 groups.

8. An overhead linear vibration de-icing system, characterized in that, The device includes a drone (700) and an overhead line de-icing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the drone (700) is docked and hoisted to the device via the umbrella-shaped hook (301).

9. A method for de-icing overhead power lines using vibration, characterized in that, The method using the overhead line de-icing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 includes the following steps: Step S1: Pre-assembly preparation, assemble two insulating fixing ropes (303) and safety hook (304) to the insulating hanging plate (302). Step S2: UAV mounting. The UAV (700) docks with the umbrella hook (301) to hoist the device. The U-shaped linkage locking device (401) slides to the open position through the slide groove (403). The guide probe (402) is located at the first opening of the pulley (201) to guide the overhead wire (600) to slide into the groove of the pulley (201). After the device is hung on the overhead wire (600), the umbrella hook (301) is unloaded, triggering the U-shaped linkage locking device (401) to slide back to the closed state to lock the first opening of the C-shaped device main frame (500). Step S3: Spring energy storage for de-icing. Pulling the insulating fixing rope (303) pulls the sliding connecting rod (103) to compress the first spring (102). The limiting device (105) engages and locks the impact plate (101). Pulling the limiting device (105) releases the impact plate (101). The first spring (102) rebounds and drives the impact plate (101) to impact the overhead conductor (600), causing the ice to break and fall off. Step S4: Segmented relocation and de-icing, pull the insulated fixing rope (303) to drive the pulley (201) to roll along the overhead conductor (600) to the next icing section, and repeat step S3; Step S5: The drone is dismantled. The drone (700) connects to the umbrella-shaped hook (301) and pulls it upward. The U-shaped linkage locking device (401) slides to the open position. The pulley (201) opens and releases the overhead wire (600). The drone (700) lifts the device away from the overhead wire (600).

10. The overhead power line de-icing method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S3, the compression of the first spring (102) is controlled by changing the stroke of the insulated fixing rope (303) to adjust the impact force of the impact plate (101) striking the overhead conductor (600) and release elastic potential energy. satisfy ,in The stiffness coefficient of the first spring (102) is... During the compression stroke of the sliding link (103), the elastic potential energy is converted into the impact kinetic energy of the impact plate (101).

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