A hierarchical round-robin drainage control method and system for a multi-gap lightning protection device

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of lightning protection and surge protection control, and relates to a layered rotation discharge control method and system of a multi-gap lightning protection device. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the structure parameters, real-time state parameters and historical state parameters of each lightning protection layer to determine the current conducting layer, candidate standby layer and temporarily suspended layer; determining the dynamic activation base and priority sequence according to the surge event and lightning strike characteristics and establishing a conducting window; performing window sliding and expanding or shrinking during lightning strike duration; performing uninterrupted discharge reconstruction by first filling and then exiting when an abnormality occurs; updating the health status of each lightning protection layer after the lightning strike ends and rearranging the next round of priority sequence to adjust the candidate standby layer and the temporarily suspended layer. The technical scheme can realize continuous discharge control through layered calling, window rotation and abnormal reconstruction, can improve the discharge path deployment stability and interlayer rotation collaboration, and can meet the requirements of layered discharge continuity, interlayer calling order and repeated impact adaptation under lightning strike conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lightning protection and surge protection control technology, and specifically relates to a hierarchical rotating discharge control method and system for multi-gap lightning protection devices. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technologies, the lightning discharge control of multi-gap surge protectors typically relies on preset conduction levels, fixed triggering sequences, and static current paths. This is achieved by activating gap channels according to a predetermined number of levels and triggering discharge when a surge occurs, thus meeting the protection requirements of electrical equipment for lightning impulse discharge and overvoltage suppression. However, existing multi-gap surge protection methods have some significant shortcomings in terms of current organization and inter-level distribution under continuous lightning strike conditions.

[0003] In practical applications, existing multi-gap surge protectors typically have the capabilities of graded discharge, conduction switching, and basic status monitoring. However, when surge amplitude, impact duration, and repetitive lightning strike rhythm change, the sequence of activation, duration of maintenance, and timing of deactivation of the conduction layer still largely depend on fixed strategies. The dynamic adaptability of the current load distribution between layers is insufficient, the level of continuous control of discharge after the abnormal layer is deactivated is low, and the flexibility of layer status adjustment after repeated impacts is relatively weak. This can easily lead to local layer load concentration, interlayer consumption imbalance, and fluctuations in the consistency of subsequent protection cycles.

[0004] It is evident that existing technologies often suffer from problems such as weak stability in the discharge path adjustment and low inter-layer rotation coordination when multi-gap surge protectors are dealing with dynamic lightning strikes. This is a shortcoming of existing technologies.

[0005] In view of this, it is very necessary to provide a layered rotating discharge control method and system for multi-gap surge protectors to solve the above-mentioned defects in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as weak stability of discharge path adjustment and low inter-layer rotation coordination in multi-gap surge protectors when dealing with dynamic lightning strikes, by providing a layered rotation discharge control method and system for multi-gap surge protectors to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, this application provides a layered rotating discharge control method for multi-gap surge protectors, comprising: Obtain the structural parameters, real-time status parameters, and historical status parameters of each lightning protection layer, and determine the current active layer, candidate standby layer, and deferred call layer; After a surge event is detected, the dynamic activation base number and priority sequence are determined based on structural parameters, real-time state parameters, historical state parameters, candidate standby layers and current lightning strike characteristics. The first set of conduction windows is established from the candidate standby layers according to the priority sequence. Perform adjacent successive window sliding from the candidate waiting layer according to priority; The current control window is expanded or contracted based on the deviation between its total capacity and the target demand capacity. If any lightning protection layer in the current conduction window experiences a conduction anomaly, temperature rise anomaly, or recovery anomaly, a non-disruption reconstructing process is performed from the candidate standby layers, filling in the gaps and then exiting. After the lightning strike ends, exit each lightning protection layer in the current conduction layer, update the health status of each lightning protection layer according to the results of this round of actions, use the updated health status of each lightning protection layer as historical status parameters, rearrange the priority sequence for the next round, and adjust the candidate standby layers and the deferred call layers.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the layer state division, conduction relationship adjustment and rotation sequence control of multi-gap surge protectors during the lightning strike process are coordinated and organized to achieve dynamic correspondence between the layered discharge process and the lightning strike change process. It can maintain the continuity of discharge organization, orderly inter-layer calling and consistent layer state evolution when the surge intensity changes, the duration changes and the repeated impact conditions change, thus meeting the requirements of strong stability of discharge path allocation and high inter-layer rotation coordination.

[0009] Specifically, after differentiating the states of each lightning protection layer, the boundaries of different layers for deployment become clearer, the layered deployment relationship has a clear foundation, layer misuse and deployment disorder are controlled, and the targeted nature of layered management is more prominent. After forming the initial conduction configuration based on the current lightning strike state, the initial discharge organization has a better correspondence with the actual flow requirements. The initial layer deployment no longer remains in a single fixed mode, and the initial flow allocation has a higher degree of fit with the on-site impact state. After introducing inter-layer rotation adjustment during the lightning strike duration, the flow load can be continuously transferred between different layers. This approach reduces the probability of long-term concentrated pressure on local layers, and improves the inter-layer... The consumption distribution is also more balanced, and the layer connection relationship remains stable during continuous impact. When the flow demand changes, the number of conduction layers is adjusted according to the change of bearing relationship, and the dynamic flow process and layer state change are matched. The flow discharge organization has a stronger adaptability to different lightning strike processes. When an abnormal state occurs in individual layers, the flow discharge link remains continuously connected, and the impact range of abnormal disturbances on the overall flow process is compressed. After a single lightning strike, the layer state update results continue to participate in the next round of call relationship adjustment, so that the consistency of layer call, the stability of protection rhythm, the coordination of layer switching and the overall rotation order are maintained at a high level in repeated lightning strike scenarios.

[0010] Preferably, the steps of obtaining the structural parameters, real-time status parameters, and historical status parameters of each lightning protection layer, and determining the current conductive layer, candidate standby layer, and deferred call layer include: Obtain the effective thickness, number of gap units, and equivalent working gap of each lightning protection layer to determine the structural load-bearing state of each lightning protection layer; Acquire the interlayer voltage, leakage current, absolute temperature, conduction duration and recovery time after disconnection of each lightning protection layer to determine the current thermal load status and recovery status of each lightning protection layer. The cumulative number of actions, cumulative energy throughput, historical peak temperature rise, and average recovery time of each lightning protection layer are obtained to determine the historical health status of each lightning protection layer. Based on the structural bearing capacity, current thermal load, recovery status, and historical health status, the lightning protection layers involved in the discharge are divided into the current conduction layer, the candidate standby layer, and the temporarily suspended call layer. The temporarily suspended call layer includes lightning protection layers that have conduction anomalies, temperature rise anomalies, recovery anomalies, or do not meet the conditions for the establishment of the first set of conduction windows, window sliding, layer expansion, or supplementary access.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, and by combining the structural bearing state, thermal load state, recovery state and historical health state, a set of layer states with clear hierarchical calling boundaries is formed, realizing the orderly differentiation of lightning protection layer calling relationships, and providing a stable state basis for subsequent conduction organization, layer rotation and abnormal layer transfer.

[0012] As a preferred option, the steps of determining the dynamic activation base number and priority sequence, and establishing the first set of conduction windows from the candidate waiting layer according to the priority sequence, include: A joint triggering determination result is formed based on surge voltage, surge current, and rate of change; When the joint triggering determination result meets the lightning strike entry conditions, the dynamic activation base number is determined based on the current lightning strike demand intensity, the heat load status distribution of the candidate standby layer, and the historical health status distribution of the candidate standby layer. A priority sequence is formed based on the structural load-bearing status, historical health status, current heat load status, and recovery status of each lightning protection layer; Based on the dynamic activation base number, consecutively arranged candidate standby layers are selected from the front of the priority sequence to establish the first set of conduction windows. Lightning protection layers that do not enter the first set of conduction windows are retained in the candidate standby layer or the deferred call layer according to the access conditions.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, and combining the current lightning strike demand intensity and the distribution of candidate standby layer status to form a dynamic activation base and priority sequence, the correspondence between the first round of conduction configuration and the current lightning strike status can be established, which can enhance the pertinence of the initial flow organization and the adaptability of layer deployment.

[0014] The steps of performing adjacent successive window sliding from the candidate waiting layer according to priority include: The slip determination result is determined based on the continuous conduction duration of the current conduction window, the cumulative throughput energy, and the highest heat load state within the window; When the sliding determination result meets the switching condition, the candidate standby layer immediately adjacent to the tail of the current conduction window is selected from the priority sequence and connected to the current conduction window. After the candidate standby layer is connected, the lightning protection layer with the highest overall exit priority corresponding to the current heat load status and recovery time is selected from the current conduction window to exit. Throughout the sliding process, the width of the conducting window remains constant, and the connection direction, window arrangement, and potential transition remain continuous.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the window slip determination is formed by using the continuous conduction duration, cumulative throughput energy and the highest heat load state, so as to realize the continuous advancement of the layer succession within the conduction window, which can enhance the stability of interlayer leakage transfer and maintain the continuous and orderly window rotation process.

[0016] Preferably, the step of expanding or shrinking the current conduction window based on the deviation between the total capacity of the current conduction window and the target demand capacity includes: The total load-bearing capacity of the current conduction window is determined based on the structural load-bearing status, historical health status, current thermal load status, and recovery status of each lightning protection layer within the current conduction window. The target required capacity is determined based on the real-time status parameters corresponding to the surge event and the operating status of each lightning protection layer within the current conduction window. By comparing the total carrying capacity of the current conduction window with the target demand capacity, the carrying capacity deviation and carrying capacity redundancy ratio are obtained; The determination of whether to expand or shrink a layer is based on the load-bearing deviation and the load-bearing redundancy ratio.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the determination of whether to expand or shrink layers is formed by comparing the total carrying capacity of the conduction window with the target demand capacity, thereby unifying the basis for adjusting the conduction window and enhancing the matching between the adjustment of the number of layers and the actual flow demand.

[0018] Preferably, the step of expanding or shrinking the current conduction window based on the deviation between the total capacity of the current conduction window and the target demand capacity further includes: When the load-bearing deviation continues to meet the expansion conditions, lightning protection layers adjacent to the current conduction window are sequentially introduced from the candidate standby layers to expand the width of the current conduction window; When the load redundancy ratio continuously meets the shrinkage condition, the lightning protection layer exits sequentially from the tail of the current conduction window, thus reducing the width of the current conduction window. A hysteresis interval is set between the expansion and contraction conditions, and the current conduction window width is kept unchanged within the hysteresis interval.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, and combining the expansion condition, contraction condition, and hysteresis interval to adjust the width of the conduction window in segments, the boundary constraints of the window width change process can be realized, which can reduce the frequent fluctuation of the number of layers and enhance the stability of the dynamic flow process.

[0020] Preferably, the step of performing a non-disruptive reconstructive process from the candidate waiting layer, which involves filling in gaps before exiting, includes: The anomaly determination result is determined based on the conduction delay, temperature rise status, residual voltage, and recovery time; When the anomaly determination result meets the anomaly conditions, the corresponding lightning protection layer is marked as an anomaly layer; Select a replacement layer that meets the access conditions from the candidate standby layers adjacent to the current access window and connect it to the current access window; After the filler layer reaches the stable conduction condition, the exception layer will be removed from the current conduction window and transferred to the deferred call layer.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, and utilizing the continuous processing of anomaly detection, fill-in access, and transfer from the anomaly layer to the deferred call layer, the coordinated connection between the anomaly layer exit process and the leakage link maintenance process can be achieved, which can enhance the continuity of inter-layer calls and the orderliness of the reconstruction process under anomaly disturbances.

[0022] As a preferred approach, the health status of each lightning protection layer is updated based on the results of this round of actions. The updated health status of each lightning protection layer is used as a historical status parameter. The priority sequence for the next round is then rearranged, and the steps for adjusting the candidate standby layers and the layers to be temporarily deferred are as follows: Record the number of new actions, new energy throughput, peak temperature rise, and recovery time increment of each lightning protection layer in this round of lightning strike; Record the abnormal event markers and continuous high load markers for each lightning protection layer during this round of lightning strikes; The health status of each lightning protection layer is updated based on the number of new actions, the new throughput energy, the peak temperature rise, the recovery time increment, the abnormal event markers, and the continuous high load markers. The updated health status of each lightning protection layer is used as the historical status parameter. The priority sequence for the next round will be reordered based on the updated health status of each lightning protection layer, and the candidate standby layers and the deferred call layers will be adjusted.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, and combining the action increment, abnormal event markers and continuous high load markers of the current lightning strike to update the health status and adjust the layer affiliation, the results of the current round can be passed on to the next round of calling relationships. This can enhance the consistency of layered calling and the stability of the round-robin organization in repeated lightning strike scenarios.

[0024] Secondly, this application also provides a layered rotating discharge control system for a multi-gap surge protector, comprising: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the structural parameters, real-time status parameters and historical status parameters of each lightning protection layer, and to determine the current conductive layer, candidate standby layer and deferred call layer. The activation window module is used to determine the dynamic activation base and priority sequence based on structural parameters, real-time status parameters, historical status parameters, candidate standby layers and current lightning strike characteristics after a surge event is detected, and to establish the first set of conduction windows from the candidate standby layers according to the priority sequence. The window sliding module is used to perform adjacent successive window sliding from the candidate waiting layer according to priority sequence; The expansion / shrinking layer module is used to expand or shrink the current conduction window based on the deviation between the total capacity of the current conduction window and the target demand capacity. The reconstructing module is used to perform a non-disruption reconstructing process from the candidate standby layers when any lightning protection layer in the current conduction window experiences a conduction anomaly, temperature rise anomaly, or recovery anomaly. The status update module is used to exit each lightning protection layer in the current conduction layer after the lightning strike ends, update the health status of each lightning protection layer according to the results of this round of actions, use the updated health status of each lightning protection layer as historical status parameters, and rearrange the priority sequence for the next round, adjusting the candidate standby layers and the deferred call layers.

[0025] Preferably, the reconstruction processing module includes: The anomaly determination submodule is used to determine the anomaly determination result based on the conduction delay, temperature rise status, residual voltage, and recovery time. The anomaly marking submodule is used to mark the corresponding lightning protection layer as an anomaly layer when the anomaly determination result meets the anomaly conditions; The filler access submodule is used to select a filler layer that meets the access conditions from the candidate standby layers adjacent to the current conduction window and access the current conduction window; The Exit Transition Submodule is used to remove the exception layer from the current conduction window and transfer the exception layer to the deferred call layer after the filler layer reaches the stable conduction condition.

[0026] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages: This application provides a layered rotation discharge control method and system for multi-gap surge protectors. By coordinating the layer state division, conduction relationship adjustment, and rotation sequence control of the multi-gap surge protector during the lightning strike process, a dynamic correspondence between the layered discharge process and the lightning strike change process is achieved. This system can maintain continuous discharge organization, orderly inter-layer calling, and consistent layer state evolution when surge intensity changes, duration changes, and repeated impact conditions change, thus meeting the requirements of strong stability of discharge path allocation and high inter-layer rotation coordination. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a layered rotating discharge control method for a multi-gap surge protector provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the layered rotating discharge control system for a multi-gap surge protector provided by the present invention.

[0029] The module includes: 1. Parameter acquisition module, 2. Activation and window creation module, 3. Window sliding module, 4. Expansion and contraction layer module, 5. Reconstruction processing module, and 6. State update module. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Various embodiments of this disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may have various embodiments, and adjustments and changes may be made therein. However, it should be understood that there is no intention to limit the various embodiments of this disclosure to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but rather this disclosure should be understood to cover all adjustments, equivalents, and / or alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0031] In the following, the terms “comprising” or “may include”, which may be used in various embodiments of this disclosure, indicate the presence of the disclosed functions, operations, or elements, and do not limit the addition of one or more functions, operations, or elements. Furthermore, as used in various embodiments of this disclosure, the terms “comprising,” “having,” and their cognates are intended only to indicate a particular feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing, and should not be construed as primarily excluding the presence of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing, or the possibility of adding one or more combinations of the foregoing.

[0032] It should be noted in advance that, in order to facilitate a clear and accurate description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the following is a brief explanation of some terms and related technologies involved in the embodiments of this application: 1. Surge events: These usually refer to a sudden increase in voltage or current within a very short period of time. They are often caused by lightning strikes, grid switching, inductive load switching, or line coupling disturbances. Their amplitude changes rapidly and their duration is short, but they can have a significant impact on insulation, gap discharge processes, and the current-carrying state of overvoltage protection devices.

[0033] 2. Residual voltage: refers to the voltage value that remains across a surge current passing through a lightning protection device or overvoltage protection device. It is usually used to characterize the overvoltage limiting level of the device in the conduction and discharge state, and is a commonly used parameter for evaluating protection performance and coordination.

[0034] 3. Hysteresis interval: This refers to a holding interval set during the threshold determination process. When the input changes within this interval, the control state does not switch immediately. This is used to avoid frequent back-and-forth actions caused by fluctuations in the input near the critical position. This concept is common in the design of control, power electronics and protection criteria.

[0035] To address the issues of weak stability in discharge path allocation and low inter-layer rotation coordination of multi-gap surge protectors during dynamic lightning strikes, which make it difficult to meet the actual requirements for continuous layered discharge, orderly inter-layer calling, and adaptability to repeated impacts under complex lightning strike conditions, this application discloses a layered rotation discharge control method and system for multi-gap surge protectors. By introducing a layered calling mechanism oriented towards the division of lightning protection layer states and a rotation discharge control mechanism oriented towards changes in the lightning strike process, the calling relationship of different lightning protection layers during surge triggering, continuous discharge, abnormal disturbances, and post-lightning adjustment processes can be dynamically organized. This achieves coordinated correspondence between the layered discharge process and changes in lightning strike states, thereby improving the stability of path allocation and inter-layer coordination of multi-gap surge protectors during dynamic current flow processes, and further enhancing the consistency of layered calling, continuity of current flow connection, and overall protection performance stability under repeated lightning strike scenarios.

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a layered rotating discharge control method for a multi-gap surge protector, including: Step S1: Obtain the structural parameters, real-time status parameters, and historical status parameters of each lightning protection layer, and determine the current conducting layer, candidate standby layer, and deferred call layer; Step S2: After a surge event is detected, the dynamic activation base number and priority sequence are determined based on structural parameters, real-time state parameters, historical state parameters, candidate standby layers and current lightning strike characteristics. The first set of conduction windows is established from the candidate standby layers according to the priority sequence. Step S3: Perform adjacent successive window sliding from the candidate waiting layer according to priority sequence; Step S4: Execute the expansion or contraction of the current conduction window based on the deviation between the total capacity of the current conduction window and the target demand capacity; Step S5: When any lightning protection layer in the current conduction window experiences a conduction anomaly, temperature rise anomaly, or recovery anomaly, perform a non-disruption-free reconstruction from the candidate standby layers, filling in the gaps and then exiting. Step S6: After the lightning strike ends, exit each lightning protection layer in the current conduction layer, update the health status of each lightning protection layer according to the results of this round of actions, use the updated health status of each lightning protection layer as historical status parameters, rearrange the priority sequence for the next round, and adjust the candidate standby layers and the deferred call layers.

[0038] This embodiment employs a hierarchical calling method that divides each lightning protection layer into states and determines the current conductive layer, candidate standby layer, and temporarily deferred calling layer. This ensures that the activation boundaries and calling relationships of different layers of the multi-gap lightning protector remain clear during a lightning strike. By combining the current lightning strike characteristics, layer state information, and calling hierarchy relationships, a dynamic activation base and priority sequence are determined, and a conductive window is established accordingly. This ensures that the initial discharge organization corresponds to the actual current flow demand. By performing adjacent successive window sliding during the lightning strike duration and adjusting the expansion or contraction of layers when the load-bearing relationship changes, the current load can be continuously transferred between different lightning protection layers, reducing the phenomenon of long-term concentrated pressure on local layers. This system maintains the dynamic adaptability of the layered discharge process; when an abnormality occurs in the lightning protection layer due to conduction, temperature rise, or recovery, it performs a non-disruptive reconfiguration by first filling in the gap and then exiting, ensuring that the discharge link remains connected under abnormal disturbance conditions and improving the stability of the dynamic flow process; after a single lightning strike, it updates the health status of each lightning protection layer based on the results of this round of actions, and adjusts the priority sequence for the next round, as well as the candidate standby layers and the temporarily suspended call layers, so that the layer call relationship under repeated lightning strike scenarios is consistent with the layer state evolution process; overall, it realizes the layered rotation discharge control of multi-gap lightning protectors under dynamic lightning strike conditions, improving the stability of discharge path allocation and the coordination of inter-layer rotation.

[0039] The above steps will be specifically described below based on the embodiments of this application.

[0040] In step S1, the core task is to uniformly quantify the availability of each lightning protection layer within the multi-gap surge protector, ensuring that each layer has a comparable, sortable, and activatable / deactivateable state before entering lightning strike control. The inputs to this step include the geometric dimensions, gap configuration, online monitoring data, and long-term operational records of each lightning protection layer. The outputs include structural load-bearing status, current thermal load status, recovery status, historical health status, and the current active layer, candidate standby layers, and temporarily deferred activation layers.

[0041] In the embodiments of this application, structural parameters, real-time status parameters and historical status parameters of each lightning protection layer can be obtained. The structural parameters may include effective thickness, number of gap units and equivalent working gap. The real-time status parameters may include interlayer voltage, leakage current, absolute temperature, conduction duration and recovery time after exiting. The historical status parameters may include cumulative number of actions, cumulative throughput energy, historical peak temperature rise and average recovery time.

[0042] In some embodiments of this application, in order to enable these basic quantities to directly participate in scheduling calculations, the effective thickness of each lightning protection layer, the number of gap units, and the equivalent working gap can be obtained, and the calculation of the first... The structural bearing capacity index of a lightning protection layer can be written as:

[0043] in, Indicates the first The structural load-bearing index of each lightning protection layer Indicates the first The effective thickness of each lightning protection layer Indicates the first The number of gap units that can participate in discharge within each lightning protection layer. Indicates the first The equivalent working gap of each lightning protection layer. A larger structural load-bearing index indicates a stronger inherent load-bearing capacity of the lightning protection layer in terms of geometry and number of channels, thus allowing determination of the structural load-bearing state of each lightning protection layer. For example, when the effective thickness of a certain lightning protection layer is... The number of gap elements is 4, and the equivalent working gap is... At that time, the corresponding structural bearing capacity index was 8.0.

[0044] In some embodiments of this application, the interlayer voltage, leakage current, absolute temperature, conduction duration, and recovery time after shutdown of each lightning protection layer can also be obtained, and the instantaneous temperature rise can be converted into the current heat load coefficient, which can be written as:

[0045] in, Indicates the first Each lightning protection layer is constantly The current heat load coefficient, Indicates the first Each lightning protection layer is constantly Temperature rise relative to reference temperature Indicates the first The maximum allowable peak temperature rise for each lightning protection layer. Meanwhile, the recovery process after de-conduction can also be represented as recovery sufficiency, which can be written as:

[0046] in, Indicates the first Each lightning protection layer is constantly The degree of recovery Indicates the first The moment when the lightning protection layer last lost conductivity. Indicates the first The thermal recovery time constant of each lightning protection layer. The current thermal load state and recovery state of each lightning protection layer can be determined by the current thermal load coefficient and recovery adequacy.

[0047] Furthermore, the cumulative number of actions, cumulative energy throughput, historical peak temperature rise, and average recovery time of each lightning protection layer can be obtained, and a health status can be established based on long-term losses, which can be written as:

[0048] in, Indicates the first The health of each lightning protection layer Indicates the first The cumulative number of actions for each lightning protection layer Indicates the first The maximum number of actions allowed per lightning protection layer Indicates the first The cumulative throughput energy of each lightning protection layer Indicates the first The maximum cumulative throughput energy allowed by each lightning protection layer Indicates the first The historical peak temperature rise of each lightning protection layer Indicates the first Average recovery time of each lightning protection layer This indicates the reference recovery time. , , and These represent the weighting coefficients for action loss, energy loss, temperature rise loss, and recovery hysteresis loss, respectively. This allows us to determine the historical health status of each lightning protection layer.

[0049] Based on this, the lightning protection layers participating in the discharge can be divided into currently active layers, candidate standby layers, and temporarily deferred layers according to the structural load-bearing status, current thermal load status, recovery status, and historical health status. The temporarily deferred layers include lightning protection layers with conduction anomalies, temperature rise anomalies, or recovery anomalies, as well as those that do not meet the conditions for establishing the first set of conduction windows, window sliding, layer expansion, or supplementary access. The remaining lightning protection layers with access capabilities but not currently active can be classified as candidate standby layers. Lightning protection layers currently undertaking discharge tasks can be classified as currently active layers. After this processing, all lightning protection layers are no longer just statically arranged structural layers, but are transformed into controllable objects that can be scheduled according to their status. After determining the currently active layers, candidate standby layers, and temporarily deferred layers, subsequent steps can directly focus on dynamic control around these three types of layers.

[0050] Thus far, step S1 has completed the unified mapping from the original parameters, operational quantities, and historical quantities to the structural bearing state, current thermal load state, recovery state, and historical health state, and formed a hierarchical state system of the current conduction layer, candidate standby layer, and deferred call layer, providing a reliable input basis for subsequent dynamic activation base calculation, priority sequence construction, and conduction window control.

[0051] In step S2, the core task is to quickly determine whether the lightning strike has entered the control phase after a surge event, and, once in the control phase, to determine the number of conductive layers to be connected and the connection sequence, thereby transforming the fixed-layer connection into a state-driven first-round layer selection control. The inputs to this step include candidate standby layers, structural load status, current thermal load status, recovery status, historical health status, and current lightning strike characteristics. The outputs include a dynamic activation base, priority sequence, and the first set of conductive windows.

[0052] In some embodiments of this application, a joint trigger determination result can be formed based on surge voltage, surge current, and rate of change. During this process, to avoid false triggering due to considering only a single value, a trigger determination quantity can be introduced, which can be written as:

[0053] in, Indicates time The trigger determination quantity, Indicates time Detected surge voltage, Indicates the upper limit of the reference operating voltage. Indicates the rate of change of surge voltage. This represents the normalization coefficient of the voltage change rate. Indicates the rate of change of surge current. This represents the normalization coefficient for the rate of change of current. , and These represent the weighting coefficients for voltage amplitude, voltage change rate, and current change rate, respectively. When the trigger determination value is not lower than the entry threshold, the joint trigger determination result can be considered to meet the lightning strike entry condition.

[0054] Based on this, in the embodiments of this application, after a surge event is detected, a dynamic activation base and priority sequence can be determined according to structural parameters, real-time state parameters, historical state parameters, candidate standby layers, and current lightning strike characteristics. Specifically, to improve the foresight of determining the number of conduction layers, a lightning strike demand prediction model can be introduced to estimate the immediate demand capacity in real time. This lightning strike demand prediction model can adopt a structure of a one-dimensional temporal residual network and a bidirectional gated recurrent network connected in series. The input is a time series segment composed of the most recent 128 sampling points, which includes five channels: surge voltage, surge current, voltage change rate, current change rate, and average heat load coefficient of the candidate standby layer. The encoding end can be set with three one-dimensional convolutional residual blocks, with convolutional kernel sizes of 5, 3, and 3, and the number of channels of 32, 64, and 128, respectively. The temporal correlation layer can adopt a bidirectional gated recurrent network, and the hidden layer dimension can be set to 64. The output end can adopt attention convergence and two fully connected layers to finally output the immediate demand capacity. and historical envelope risk coefficient The estimated value.

[0055] During model training, a sample set can be constructed using a mixture of real-world lightning strike records and simulated waveforms, with a sample size of 24,000 sets. Approximately 60% of the waveforms are real, and 40% are simulated. The training, validation, and test sets can be divided in a 7:2:1 ratio. Before each training round, amplitude scaling, time-axis stretching, random noise addition, and tail-end perturbation enhancement can be applied to the waveforms. The number of training rounds can be set to 120, the batch size to 64, the initial learning rate to 0.001, and the AdamW optimizer can be used. The model loss function can be written as:

[0056] in, Indicates the predicted loss. Indicates immediate demand capability label, Indicates the historical envelope risk coefficient label. and These represent the loss weights for the two prediction errors, respectively. When the model is deployed online, each... The output is updated on a rolling basis, allowing immediate demand capacity and historical envelope risk coefficients to be directly used in subsequent dynamic activation base calculations.

[0057] Furthermore, when the joint triggering determination result meets the lightning strike entry condition, the dynamic activation base can be determined based on the current lightning strike demand intensity, the heat load state distribution of the candidate standby layer, and the historical health state distribution of the candidate standby layer. The current lightning strike demand intensity can be written as:

[0058] in, Indicates time The current intensity of lightning strike demand, Indicates time Detected surge current, Indicates the upper limit of the reference operating current. , and These represent the weighting coefficients for voltage amplitude, current amplitude, and current rate of change, respectively. Based on this, the dynamic activation base can be written as:

[0059] in, Indicates time The dynamic activation base, Indicates the total number of lightning protection layers. Indicates the minimum number of allowed conducting layers. This represents the average load-bearing capacity index of the entire lightning protection layer structure. This represents the average thermal pressure of the entire lightning protection layer. This indicates the average health margin of all lightning protection layers. , , and These represent the weighting coefficients for current lightning strike demand intensity, average thermal pressure, historical envelope risk coefficient, and average health margin, respectively.

[0060] Furthermore, a priority sequence can be formed based on the structural load-bearing status, historical health status, current thermal load status, and recovery status of each lightning protection layer. The priority score for each lightning protection layer can be written as:

[0061] in, Indicates the first Each lightning protection layer is constantly Priority score, , , and These represent the weighting coefficients for structural load-bearing capacity, long-term health, current thermal margin, and recovery adequacy, respectively. A higher priority score indicates that the corresponding lightning protection layer is more suitable for priority access. Based on this, candidate standby layers can be selected sequentially from the front of the priority sequence according to the dynamic activation base, establishing the first set of conduction windows. Lightning protection layers that do not enter the first set of conduction windows remain in the candidate standby layer or are transferred to the deferred call layer according to the access conditions.

[0062] Thus far, step S2 has completed the first round of layer selection control, from surge triggering, multi-quantity joint determination to dynamic activation base calculation, priority sequence construction and first set of conduction windows establishment. By introducing a lightning strike demand prediction model, the pertinence and timeliness of the first round of layer connection have been enhanced, providing a stable initial control starting point for subsequent rotation discharge and window reconstruction.

[0063] In step S3, the core task is to distribute the discharge task among multiple lightning protection layers in a constrained manner, while ensuring the effective discharge chain remains unbroken during the continuous lightning strike phase, thereby avoiding continuous pressure on a few initial layers. The inputs to this step include the first set of conduction windows, priority sequence, duration of conduction in the current conduction window, cumulative throughput energy of each lightning protection layer, and highest thermal load state within the window. The outputs include the slip determination result and the updated conduction window.

[0064] In this embodiment of the application, during the duration of a lightning strike, the number of conductive layers within the conductive window can remain unchanged when no layer expansion or contraction is performed, and adjacent successive window sliding can be performed from the candidate waiting layers according to a priority sequence. For this purpose, the first... Each conduction window at time Group energy intake and output It can be written as:

[0065] in, Indicates the first A collection of lightning protection layers within a single conductive window. Represents the set of elements. The lightning protection layer as of the deadline The cumulative throughput energy. Based on this, the slip determination result can be determined according to the continuous conduction duration of the current conduction window, the cumulative throughput energy, and the highest heat load state within the window. Each conduction window at time Slip determination quantity It can be written as:

[0066] in, Indicates the first The duration of continuous conduction within a conduction window. This indicates the threshold for the allowed continuous conduction time of the window. Indicates the first The group energy threshold allowed by each conduction window Indicates the first The highest heat load coefficient within each conduction window This indicates the allowed window switching hot threshold. , and These represent the weighting coefficients for continuous conduction duration, group throughput energy, and peak heat load state, respectively.

[0067] In some embodiments of this application, when the sliding determination amount is not lower than the switching threshold, the sliding determination result can be considered to meet the switching conditions. At this time, adjacent successive window sliding can be performed from the candidate waiting layer according to the priority sequence. Specifically, candidate standby layers adjacent to the tail of the current conduction window can be selected from the priority sequence to access the current conduction window. This access action must satisfy the following constraints: continuous access direction, continuous window arrangement, and continuous potential transition. Continuous access direction means that newly accessed lightning protection layers always enter sequentially along the same extension direction of the current conduction window during the same sliding process, and it is not allowed to access from the tail of the window once and then from the head of the window the next time. Continuous window arrangement means that the conduction window after sliding still consists of several physically adjacent lightning protection layers, and discrete combinations with intermediate gaps, such as the second, third, fifth, and sixth lightning protection layers, are not allowed. Continuous potential transition means that the interlayer voltage difference between the newly accessed lightning protection layer and the boundary lightning protection layer of the current conduction window should be controlled within a preset transition range, so that the voltage distribution before and after sliding changes layer by layer along the conduction direction, without forming a sudden potential difference.

[0068] After a candidate standby layer is connected, the lightning protection layer with the highest overall exit priority corresponding to the current heat load status and recovery time can be selected from the current conduction window to exit. The overall exit priority is determined by weighting the single-layer throughput energy, the current heat load coefficient, and the cumulative conduction time in this round. This overall exit priority can be written as:

[0069] in, Indicates the first The overall exit priority value of each lightning protection layer. Indicates the first The energy absorbed by a single lightning protection layer in this round of lightning strikes. This indicates the reference throughput energy. Indicates the first The current heat load coefficient of each lightning protection layer Indicates the first The cumulative conduction time of each lightning protection layer in this round of lightning strikes. Indicates the reference conduction duration. , and These represent the weighting coefficients for single-layer throughput energy, current heat load coefficient, and cumulative conduction time, respectively. A higher ranking value indicates that the lightning protection layer should be prioritized for exiting the current conduction window.

[0070] It should be further explained that the entire sliding process always follows a seamless switching sequence of first connecting and then disconnecting, maintaining a constant conduction window width throughout the process, while ensuring continuity in the connection direction, window arrangement, and potential transition. For example, when the current conduction window width is 4 and includes layers 2 through 5, if layer 2 has the highest disconnection priority, and the adjacent candidate standby layer at the end of the current conduction window is layer 6, and the interlayer voltage difference between layer 5 and layer 6 is... Below the preset transition voltage threshold First, the 6th lightning protection layer is connected to the current conduction window. After the 6th lightning protection layer is stably conducting, the 2nd lightning protection layer is disconnected, causing the conduction window to shift from the 2nd to 5th lightning protection layers to the 3rd to 6th lightning protection layers. During this process, the connection direction always extends backward along the tail of the window, thus satisfying the continuity of the connection direction. The conduction window after the shift is still the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th lightning protection layers, thus satisfying the continuity of the window arrangement. The interlayer voltage difference between the 5th and 6th lightning protection layers does not exceed the preset transition voltage threshold, and there is no abrupt jump connection across layers before and after the shift, thus satisfying the continuity of the potential transition. This processing method can avoid the sudden change in local electric field caused by discrete layer jumps and can also make the leakage energy transfer sequentially between multiple lightning protection layers.

[0071] It should be noted that in some embodiments of this application, when the lightning protection layer with the highest overall exit priority is located at the boundary of the current conduction window, the window sliding can be completed by a single insertion-exit method; when the lightning protection layer with the highest overall exit priority is located inside the current conduction window, in order to maintain the continuity of the window arrangement, the lightning protection layer is not directly removed, but is first connected to the adjacent candidate standby layer along the current sliding direction and the boundary lightning protection layer on the other side of the current conduction window is removed, so that the current conduction window is extended as a whole. After the lightning protection layer with the highest overall exit priority moves to the boundary position with the window extension, it is removed in the subsequent sliding process. For example, when the current conduction window consists of the 2nd to 5th lightning protection layers, if the 3rd lightning protection layer has the highest overall exit priority, then the 6th lightning protection layer is connected first, and the 2nd lightning protection layer is exited, making the conduction window consist of the 3rd to 6th lightning protection layers. If subsequently, the 3rd lightning protection layer still has the highest overall exit priority and the 7th lightning protection layer meets the connection conditions, then the 7th lightning protection layer is connected again, and the 3rd lightning protection layer is exited, making the conduction window consist of the 4th to 7th lightning protection layers. Through the above-mentioned sequential replacement and reconstruction, high-load lightning protection layers within the window can be gradually moved out of the current conduction window without disrupting the continuity of the conduction window.

[0072] Thus, step S3 completes the adjacent successive window sliding control based on the sliding decision quantity, forming a rotating discharge mechanism with a constant conduction window width as the boundary and continuous access direction and continuous potential transition as constraints. This allows the discharge task of the lightning strike to be distributed sequentially among multiple lightning protection layers, preserving a stable window boundary for subsequent window expansion and contraction and abnormal filling.

[0073] In step S4, the core task is to determine whether to expand or shrink the lightning protection layer based on whether the current lightning protection window can withstand the impact, so that the width of the lightning protection window can adaptively adjust with the intensity of the lightning strike. The inputs to this step include the structural load-bearing status, historical health status, current thermal load status, recovery status, and real-time status parameters corresponding to surge events for each lightning protection layer within the current lightning protection window. The outputs include the total load-bearing capacity of the lightning protection window, the target demand capacity, the load-bearing deviation, the load-bearing redundancy ratio, and the result of the expansion or shrinkage determination.

[0074] Specifically, in some embodiments of this application, the total load-bearing capacity of the conduction window can be determined based on the structural load-bearing status, historical health status, current thermal load status, and recovery status of each lightning protection layer within the current conduction window. Each conduction window at time Total load capacity It can be written as:

[0075] in, Indicates the first Energy conversion coefficient for each lightning protection layer Indicates the first The equivalent thermal capacity of each lightning protection layer. This total load-bearing capacity takes into account the health status, equivalent thermal capacity, current thermal margin, and recovery adequacy, thus more accurately reflecting the remaining load-bearing space of the current conduction window.

[0076] Based on this, the target required capacity can be determined according to the real-time status parameters corresponding to the surge event and the operating status of each lightning protection layer within the current conduction window. The target required capacity can be written as:

[0077] in, Indicates time Target requirements capabilities This represents the immediate demand capacity estimated based on the current lightning strike intensity. Furthermore, by comparing the total carrying capacity of the conduction window with the target demand capacity, the carrying capacity deviation and carrying capacity redundancy ratio can be obtained, which can be written as:

[0078] in, Indicates time The load-bearing deviation, Indicates the first Each conduction window at time The load-bearing redundancy ratio. Therefore, the result of determining whether to expand or shrink the floor can be based on the load-bearing deviation and the load-bearing redundancy ratio.

[0079] Furthermore, when the load-bearing deviation continuously meets the layer expansion condition, lightning protection layers adjacent to the current conduction window can be sequentially introduced from the candidate standby layers, and the conduction window width can be increased; when the load-bearing redundancy ratio continuously meets the layer contraction condition, lightning protection layers can be sequentially withdrawn from the tail of the current conduction window, and the conduction window width can be decreased. Furthermore, to suppress tail-end jitter, a hysteresis interval can be set between the layer expansion condition and the layer contraction condition, and the current conduction window width can be kept constant within the hysteresis interval. For example, the layer expansion condition can correspond to... And for three consecutive sampling periods, the layer shrinkage condition can be corresponding to And for a continuous 5 sampling periods, the hysteresis interval can be limited to and ,in, Indicates the load-bearing deviation layer expansion threshold. This represents the load-bearing redundancy ratio threshold for layer reduction. With this processing, the load-bearing capacity can be rapidly increased by expanding the layers in the area before a lightning strike, while the loss from ineffective actions can be reduced by shrinking the layers in the area after a lightning strike.

[0080] Thus, step S4 completes the expansion or contraction control based on the closed-loop comparison of the total carrying capacity of the conduction window and the target demand capacity, forming a segmented adjustment mechanism with dual thresholds and hysteresis intervals. This enables the conduction window width to change continuously with the dynamic process of lightning strikes, providing a stable carrying boundary for replacement reconstruction and post-lightning state write-back under abnormal conditions.

[0081] In step S5, the core task is to maintain the current chain unbroken even when an anomaly occurs in an individual lightning protection layer within the current conduction window, and to smoothly replace the anomaly layer from the current conduction window. The inputs to this step include conduction delay, temperature rise status, residual voltage, recovery time, the current conduction window, and candidate standby layers. The outputs include the anomaly determination result, the anomaly layer, the replacement layer, and the reconstructed conduction window.

[0082] Specifically, in some embodiments of this application, the anomaly determination result can be determined based on conduction delay, temperature rise state, residual voltage, and recovery time. Each lightning protection layer is constantly Anomaly detection quantity It can be written as:

[0083] in, Indicates the first Each lightning protection layer is constantly The conduction delay, Indicates the maximum allowable conduction delay. Indicates the first Each lightning protection layer is constantly The residual voltage, Indicates the upper limit of residual voltage. Indicates the first Each lightning protection layer is constantly Recovery time This indicates the maximum allowed recovery time. , , and These represent the weighting coefficients for conduction delay, thermal load, residual voltage, and recovery time, respectively. When the anomaly determination value is not lower than the anomaly threshold, the anomaly determination result can be considered to meet the anomaly conditions.

[0084] In some embodiments of this application, when the anomaly determination result meets the anomaly conditions, the corresponding lightning protection layer can be marked as an anomaly layer. At this time, a replacement layer that meets the access conditions can be selected from the candidate standby layers adjacent to the current conduction window. The replacement layer must simultaneously meet the following conditions: its health status is above the lower limit, its current thermal load status is below the replacement threshold, and its recovery status meets the access requirements. After meeting the above conditions, the replacement layer can be connected to the current conduction window; once the replacement layer reaches stable conduction conditions, the anomaly layer is removed from the current conduction window and transferred to the deferred call layer.

[0085] It should be further explained that the replacement action follows the timing requirement of replacement first and then exit. This ensures that the conduction window width does not suddenly decrease, the discharge channel remains continuous during reconstruction, and the abnormal layer does not continue to drag down the current window. For example, when a surge protection layer experiences a combination of increased conduction delay and high residual voltage under high-frequency impacts, the system can first connect a candidate layer with high recovery adequacy and low current thermal load at its adjacent tail. Once the replacement layer stabilizes and conducts, the abnormal layer is then removed, ensuring that the window width remains consistent before and after reconstruction.

[0086] Thus, step S5 completes the non-disruptive reconfiguration control from anomaly determination, anomaly layer marking, replacement layer selection to replacement before exiting, forming an anomaly replacement mechanism with the goal of maintaining a stable conduction window width. This ensures that local anomalies in individual lightning protection layers do not evolve into instability of the entire discharge chain, providing a reliable transition for the smooth shutdown of the lightning tail section and the post-lightning state update.

[0087] In step S6, the core task is to determine whether the current lightning strike has ended, and after the lightning strike ends, to write the results of this round of actions back to the long-term status of each lightning protection layer, so as to complete the priority sequence rearrangement and layer adjustment before the next round of scheduling. The inputs of this step include surge voltage, surge current, voltage change rate, number of new actions in this round, new throughput energy in this round, peak temperature rise, recovery time increment, and abnormal event flags and continuous high load flags. The outputs include the updated health status, the next round priority sequence, and the adjusted candidate standby layers and deferred call layers.

[0088] In this embodiment, multiple joint termination criteria can be constructed at the tail end of the lightning strike. The termination criteria can be written as:

[0089] in, Indicates time The end judgment quantity, , and These represent the weighting coefficients for voltage amplitude, current amplitude, and voltage change rate, respectively. When the termination determination quantity remains continuously below the termination threshold for a preset confirmation duration, the current lightning strike is considered complete, and each lightning protection layer in the current conduction window gradually exits in reverse or low-disturbance order. After exiting, the number of new actions, new throughput energy, peak temperature rise, and recovery time increment of each lightning protection layer during this lightning strike can be recorded. Simultaneously, the abnormal event markers and continuous high-load markers for each lightning protection layer during this lightning strike can be recorded.

[0090] Based on this, the health status of each lightning protection layer can be updated according to the number of new actions, new throughput energy, peak temperature rise, recovery time increment, abnormal event markers, and continuous high load markers. The updated health status can be written as:

[0091] in, Indicates the first The updated health status of each lightning protection layer after the current lightning strike ends. Indicates the first The number of additional actions taken by each lightning protection layer in this round of lightning strikes. Indicates the first The additional energy throughput of each lightning protection layer in this round of lightning strikes. Indicates the first The peak temperature rise of the lightning protection layer in this round of lightning strikes Indicates the first The increase in recovery time of each lightning protection layer in this round of lightning strikes Indicates the first The lightning protection layer is marked with anomalies during this round of lightning strikes. Indicates the first The continuous high load markings of the lightning protection layer in this round of lightning strikes. to These represent the attenuation coefficients for motion loss, energy loss, temperature rise loss, recovery loss, abnormal penalty, and continuous high load penalty, respectively. Priority scores can be recalculated based on the updated health status.

[0092] It should be noted that after updating the health status, the updated health status of each lightning protection layer can be used as a historical status parameter. Furthermore, the priority sequence for the next round can be rearranged based on the updated health status of each lightning protection layer, and the candidate standby layer and the deferred call layer can be adjusted accordingly. During the rearrangement process, lightning protection layers with a significant decline in health status and abnormal event markers can be moved to the deferred call layer; lightning protection layers with stable health status, sufficient recovery status, and current heat load status that has decreased can be restored to the candidate standby layer. For example, when a certain lightning protection layer adds 2 new actions and adds [amount missing] throughput energy in this round of lightning strikes... Peak temperature rise is Recovery time increment is Furthermore, when an abnormal event is marked, its updated health will decrease significantly, and its priority score in the next round will also decrease accordingly, thereby reducing its probability of being the first to be connected in subsequent lightning strikes.

[0093] Thus, step S6 completes the post-lightning closed-loop write-back from lightning strike termination determination, action result recording to health status update, next round priority sequence rearrangement, and adjustment of candidate standby layer and deferred call layer, forming a coherent hierarchical rotating discharge control chain, enabling the multi-gap lightning protector to maintain high thermal balance capability, lifespan balance capability, and scheduling stability under continuous multi-round lightning strike scenarios.

[0094] In summary, this method jointly characterizes the structural load-bearing state, current thermal load state, recovery state, and historical health state of each lightning protection layer. Combined with dynamic activation base calculation, priority sequence construction, conduction window sliding, layer expansion or contraction adjustment, and non-disruption-filling reconstruction of abnormal layers under surge events, it realizes layered rotational discharge control of multi-gap lightning protectors during lightning strikes. This method can disperse single-layer thermal and energy shocks while ensuring continuous discharge capacity, reduce the risk of local overload and failure, and improve the thermal balance capacity, life balance capacity, and operational stability under multi-strike scenarios. In turn, it improves the protection reliability, service life, and continuous operation capability of multi-gap lightning protectors.

[0095] It should be noted that, although the embodiments in this application are based on... Figure 1 The steps are described sequentially, but this does not mean that the steps must be performed in a strict order. The reason this embodiment follows this order is... Figure 1 The order in which each step is described is intended to facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application by those skilled in the art. In other words, the step numbers are only used to distinguish different steps and do not constitute a limitation on the execution order of the steps; the specific execution order of each step can be appropriately adjusted according to actual needs, functional requirements, and the inherent logic in actual application scenarios.

[0096] In some embodiments of this application, a hierarchical rotating discharge control method for a multi-gap surge protector is applied to a multi-gap surge protector at the front end of a distribution cabinet. This multi-gap surge protector has eight lightning protection layers arranged sequentially along the main discharge direction. Each lightning protection layer is equipped with an inter-layer voltage acquisition branch, a discharge current acquisition branch, and a temperature acquisition branch, and stores historical action records of nearly 30 surge events. A complete implementation process includes both an offline training phase and an online operation phase. The offline training phase is used to build a current lightning strike demand prediction model, and the online operation phase is used to complete the hierarchical rotating discharge control under the current surge event.

[0097] The complete implementation process may include the following steps: Step 1: Initial parameter calibration is performed on the 8 lightning protection layers, and an initial layer status table is established.

[0098] In this embodiment, the effective thicknesses of the first to eighth lightning protection layers are respectively , , , , , , and The number of gap elements are 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3 and 3 respectively, and the equivalent working gaps are respectively , , , , , , and For the first The structural bearing capacity index for each lightning protection layer can be calculated as follows:

[0099] in, Indicates the first The structural load-bearing index of each lightning protection layer Indicates the first The effective thickness of each lightning protection layer Indicates the first Number of gap units in each lightning protection layer Indicates the first The equivalent working gap of each lightning protection layer. Substituting the data from this embodiment, the structural load-bearing indices of the first to eighth lightning protection layers are 6.00, 8.00, 8.50, 10.29, 9.71, 7.75, 5.80, and 6.00, respectively. It can be seen that the fourth and fifth lightning protection layers have higher structural load-bearing capacities and are suitable for priority participation in the first round of conduction.

[0100] Step 2: Train a current lightning strike demand prediction model based on historical surge data and simulated surge data.

[0101] In this embodiment, the current lightning demand prediction model is used to output immediate demand capacity within a short time window before the surge enters the discharge control. and risk coefficient This is so that the dynamic activation cardinality can be calculated subsequently. The model determines the initial conduction window and whether layer expansion is needed during the lightning strike. The input to the model is a 128-bit time sequence with a sampling interval of [missing information]. The corresponding total duration is There are 5 input channels in total, namely surge voltage. Surge current Surge voltage change rate Surge current change rate and the average heat load coefficient of the candidate standby layer Among them, surge voltage is calculated as follows: Normalization is performed, and the surge current is calculated according to... Normalization is performed, and the surge voltage change rate is calculated according to... Normalization is performed, and the surge current change rate is calculated according to... Normalization was performed, with the average heat load coefficient of the candidate standby layer maintained between 0 and 1. The training samples consisted of 9600 sets of on-site surge records and 12000 sets of electromagnetic transient simulation waveforms, totaling 21600 sets, which were divided into training, validation, and test sets at ratios of 70%, 15%, and 15%, respectively. To improve the model's adaptability to different lightning strike conditions, amplitude scaling, time stretching, noise superposition, and tail-end perturbation enhancement were applied to the samples before training. The amplitude scaling factor was set to 0.90 to 1.10, the time stretching factor to 0.85 to 1.15, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the superimposed Gaussian noise was set to [value missing]. to The tail segment perturbation length is set to to This enhances the model's ability to identify biphasic lightning strikes, multipulse lightning strikes, and long-tailed lightning currents.

[0102] In this embodiment, the current lightning strike demand prediction model adopts a network structure of "residual one-dimensional convolution - bidirectional gated recurrent network - attention aggregation - dual-output regression head". The residual one-dimensional convolution part has three convolutional blocks: the first convolutional block uses 32 convolutional kernels with a kernel length of 5; the second convolutional block uses 64 convolutional kernels with a kernel length of 3 and an expansion coefficient of 2; and the third convolutional block uses 64 convolutional kernels with a kernel length of 3 and an expansion coefficient of 4. Each convolutional block is followed by a batch normalization layer and a SiLU activation layer, and the core information of the original impact waveform is preserved through residual connections to extract the surge front steep change characteristics, main peak energy characteristics, and tail attenuation characteristics. The bidirectional gated recurrent network part has two layers, each with a hidden dimension of 64, to describe the temporal correlation before and after the peak, so that the model does not only focus on the size of a single peak, but can simultaneously utilize the front rise velocity, main peak duration, and tail recovery trend. The attention aggregation part employs a 4-head multi-head attention mechanism to weighted aggregate temporal features across 128 sampling points, enabling the model to allocate primary weights to the leading-edge rise region, main peak region, and secondary pulse recovery region during inference. The dual-output regression heads include an immediate demand capability regression head and a risk coefficient regression head, with the immediate demand capability regression head outputting non-negative values. The risk coefficient regression head output is between 0 and 1. During training, the batch size was set to 64, the initial learning rate to 0.001, the optimizer to AdamW, and the number of training epochs to 90. The loss function could be:

[0103] in, Indicates the total loss. This indicates the predicted loss in immediate demand capacity. This indicates the risk coefficient, which predicts the loss. This represents the smoothing constraint loss of outputs from adjacent time segments. After training, the mean squared error of the instantaneous demand capability on the test set is 0.014, and the mean squared error of the risk coefficient is 0.010, meeting the requirements for online deployment.

[0104] In this embodiment, the peak surge voltage corresponding to a certain input window is Peak surge current is The peak voltage change rate is The peak value of the current change rate is The peak average heat load coefficient of the candidate standby layer is 0.21. After normalization and model inference, the immediate demand capacity is output. Risk coefficient Subsequently, the immediate demand capability will be... and risk coefficient The dynamic activation base is calculated by inputting data from the current lightning strike demand intensity, the average thermal pressure of all lightning protection layers, and the average health margin. Therefore, the first set of conduction windows is connected to three lightning protection layers. Thus, this model can directly serve the layered rotation discharge control process of this application, and is used to map the surge waveform characteristics and the thermal state of the lightning protection layers together as the control basis for the number of subsequent conduction layers and the scheduling rhythm.

[0105] Step 3: Before the surge event occurs, complete the online state initialization and divide the current conduction layer, the candidate standby layer, and the deferred call layer.

[0106] In this embodiment, before a surge event occurs At that time, the current temperature rise of each lightning protection layer is as follows: , , , , , , and uniformly adopted As the upper limit of peak temperature rise, the current heat load coefficient The values ​​are 0.225, 0.150, 0.188, 0.125, 0.113, 0.175, 0.275, and 0.200, respectively. The recovery times after the most recent disconnection are... , , , , , , and The corresponding thermal recovery time constants are respectively , , , , , , and Based on this, the degree of restoration is calculated. The values ​​were 0.771, 0.831, 0.800, 0.854, 0.875, 0.817, 0.506, and 0.715, respectively. Combined with the cumulative number of actions, cumulative energy throughput, historical peak temperature rise, and average recovery time, the historical health of the eight lightning protection layers was obtained. The values ​​are 0.597, 0.650, 0.628, 0.682, 0.690, 0.630, 0.504, and 0.562, respectively. Because the current heat load coefficient of the 7th lightning protection layer is too high and its recovery adequacy is too low, it is temporarily classified as a deferred activation layer; the remaining lightning protection layers are first classified as candidate standby layers; the current conductive layer is empty.

[0107] Step 4: After detecting a surge event, perform a joint trigger determination and determine the first set of conduction windows.

[0108] In this embodiment, the surge voltage is detected when the surge leading edge arrives. Surge current is Surge voltage change rate The surge current change rate The upper limit of the reference voltage is taken as... The upper limit of the reference current is taken as The normalization coefficient for the rate of change of voltage is taken as The normalization coefficient for the rate of change of current is taken as The joint trigger decision variable can be written as:

[0109] After substituting the values, we get The value exceeds the threshold of 1.00, thus triggering the discharge control phase. At this point, the most recent 128 sampling points are input into the current lightning strike demand prediction model, and the model outputs the immediate demand capacity. Risk coefficient Then calculate the current required lightning strike intensity. By combining the average heat load coefficient and average health of the candidate standby layers, the dynamic activation baseline is obtained. Subsequently, priority scores are determined based on structural load-bearing index, historical health status, current heat load coefficient, and recovery adequacy. Among them, the 4th, 5th, 3rd, and 2nd lightning protection layers have the highest priority scores. Since the first set of conduction windows requires physical continuity, the total score is compared among all three consecutive layer combinations. Ultimately, the 3rd, 4th, and 5th lightning protection layers are selected to establish the first set of conduction windows. At this point, the current conduction layer is updated to... .

[0110] Step 5: Execute adjacent successive window sliding during the lightning strike duration.

[0111] In this embodiment, the first set of conductive windows is conductive. Subsequently, the cumulative throughput energy of the third, fourth, and fifth lightning protection layers in this round reached [number missing]. , and The highest heat load coefficient within the window rises to 0.68. Based on the continuous conduction duration, cumulative throughput energy, and the highest heat load coefficient within the window, a slip decision value is calculated. The slip decision result is greater than the switching threshold of 1.00, thus triggering window slippage. At this time, the 6th lightning protection layer is connected from the adjacent candidate standby layer at the tail of the current conduction window. The 6th lightning protection layer... After the internal circuit reaches a stable conduction state, the third lightning protection layer, which has the highest priority for overall deactivation, is then deactivated, thus changing the conduction window from [previous state]. Translation After this treatment, the conduction window width remains unchanged, the connection direction is continuous, the discharge path is not broken, the third lightning protection layer gains recovery time, and the sixth lightning protection layer begins to share the subsequent current load.

[0112] Step 6: Execute layer expansion control when the second peak of the lightning strike occurs.

[0113] In this embodiment, after the main pulse A second peak appeared at that point, and the surge current increased to [value missing]. After inputting the new 128-point time series segment into the current lightning strike demand forecasting model, the model outputs the real-time demand capacity. Risk coefficient At this time, the window is activated. The total bearing capacity calculation result is The target required capability is Then the bearing deviation Because the load-bearing deviation exceeded the layer expansion threshold for three consecutive sampling periods. Therefore, a seventh lightning protection layer is introduced from the adjacent position of the current conduction window, expanding the conduction window to... Although the 7th lightning protection layer was initially on a suspended deployment phase, after the recovery process of the previous phase, its current heat load coefficient has decreased to 0.19, and its recovery sufficiency has increased to 0.79, thus meeting the connection conditions again and qualifying for expansion. After the expansion is completed, the real-time load-bearing capacity will increase to [value missing]. The second peak was released smoothly, exceeding the target demand capacity.

[0114] Step 7: When an anomaly occurs in the 6th lightning protection layer, perform a non-disruptive reconfiguration that first fills the gap and then exits.

[0115] In this embodiment, the sixth lightning protection layer exhibits conduction hysteresis and localized overheating after expansion, with its conduction delay increasing to [value missing]. The residual voltage rises to Peak temperature rise reached The estimated recovery time is The anomaly determination quantity is calculated based on the anomaly determination model. The value is higher than the abnormal threshold of 1.00, therefore the 6th lightning protection layer is marked as an abnormal layer. At this time, the 8th lightning protection layer is selected as the replacement layer from the adjacent position of the current conduction window. The current heat load coefficient of the 8th lightning protection layer is 0.34, the recovery sufficiency is 0.81, and the historical health is 0.562, which meets the replacement conditions. The control process first connects to the 8th lightning protection layer, and waits for the 8th lightning protection layer to... After internal stabilization and conduction, the sixth lightning protection layer is deactivated, and the sixth lightning protection layer is transferred to the deferred activation layer. Thus, the conduction window changes from... Reconstructed Throughout the process, the window width remains at 4, and the discharge channel is continuous, avoiding the interruption of discharge caused by the direct exit of the abnormal layer.

[0116] Step 8: After the lightning strike ends, update the health status of each lightning protection layer and rearrange the priority sequence for the next round.

[0117] In this embodiment, when the joint termination determination quantity is continuous Once the threshold is reached, the current lightning strike cycle is considered complete. The actions of each lightning protection layer in this cycle are then recorded. Specifically, the fourth lightning protection layer added 1 action and added [amount missing] energy throughput. Peak temperature rise is The recovery time increment is Continuous high load is marked as 1; the 6th lightning protection layer has 1 new action and 1 new throughput energy. Peak temperature rise is The recovery time increment is Abnormal events are marked as 1, and continuous high load is also marked as 1. Health status updates can be performed using:

[0118] in, This indicates the updated health status. Indicates the number of new actions. This indicates the increase in energy throughput. This indicates the peak temperature rise in this round. Indicates the increment of recovery time. Indicates an exception event marker, This indicates a continuous high load. After substituting the data from the 6th lightning protection layer, the updated health status decreased from 0.630 to 0.432; after substituting the data from the 4th lightning protection layer, the updated health status decreased from 0.682 to 0.557. Therefore, in the next priority sequence, the 5th and 3rd lightning protection layers remain at the forefront, while the 6th lightning protection layer is moved to the deferred call layer, waiting for its recovery status to meet the requirements before re-entering the candidate standby layer.

[0119] Through the complete implementation process described above, this method can dynamically establish the first set of conduction windows based on the structural bearing status, current thermal load status, recovery status, and historical health status of each lightning protection layer after a surge. During the continuous lightning strike phase, it maintains the continuity of the discharge chain through window sliding, layer expansion or contraction, and abnormal layer replacement and reconstruction, so that a single lightning protection layer is no longer under fixed pressure for a long time, reducing the risk of failure caused by local ablation, overheating accumulation, and insufficient recovery. At the same time, by using the current lightning strike demand prediction model to estimate the real-time demand capacity and risk coefficient online, the number of conduction layers and the rotation rhythm can maintain a higher consistency with the actual lightning strike intensity, thereby improving the thermal balance capability, life balance capability, and overall protection stability of multi-gap lightning protection devices under continuous lightning strikes, long-tailed lightning currents, and multi-pulse superposition conditions.

[0120] It should be noted that the step numbers identified as "Step One," "Step Two," etc., in the above embodiments are only used to distinguish different processing stages and do not limit the steps to be executed sequentially according to these numbers. The specific execution order of each step can be adjusted according to the surge waveform morphology, layer state changes, and the operating conditions of the protected object, and does not constitute a limitation on the implementation process of this application. The number of layers, parameter values, thresholds, number of network layers, number of training rounds, and sample size given in this embodiment are all a set of feasible implementation guidelines. In other embodiments, corresponding adjustments can be made without changing the concept of layered rotating discharge control.

[0121] like Figure 2As shown, the following is an embodiment of a layered rotating discharge control system for a multi-gap surge protector provided in this disclosure. This layered rotating discharge control system for a multi-gap surge protector belongs to the same inventive concept as the layered rotating discharge control method for a multi-gap surge protector in the above embodiments. For details not described in detail in the embodiments of the layered rotating discharge control system for a multi-gap surge protector, please refer to the embodiments of the layered rotating discharge control method for a multi-gap surge protector described above.

[0122] Based on the same concept, another embodiment of this application provides a layered rotating discharge control system for a multi-gap surge protector, comprising: Parameter acquisition module 1 is used to acquire the structural parameters, real-time status parameters and historical status parameters of each lightning protection layer, and to determine the current conductive layer, candidate standby layer and deferred call layer. Activate window building module 2, which is used to determine the dynamic activation base number and priority sequence based on structural parameters, real-time status parameters, historical status parameters, candidate standby layers and current lightning strike characteristics after a surge event is detected, and to establish the first set of conduction windows from the candidate standby layers according to the priority sequence; Window sliding module 3 is used to perform adjacent successive window sliding from the candidate waiting layer according to priority sequence; The expansion / shrinking layer module 4 is used to expand or shrink the current conduction window based on the deviation between the total capacity of the current conduction window and the target demand capacity. The reconstructing module 5 is used to perform a non-disruption reconstructing process from the candidate standby layers when any lightning protection layer in the current conduction window experiences a conduction abnormality, temperature rise abnormality, or recovery abnormality. The status update module 6 is used to exit each lightning protection layer in the current conduction layer after the lightning strike ends, update the health status of each lightning protection layer according to the results of this round of actions, use the updated health status of each lightning protection layer as historical status parameters, and rearrange the priority sequence for the next round, adjusting the candidate standby layers and the deferred call layers.

[0123] In some embodiments of this application, the reconstruction processing module 5 includes: The anomaly determination submodule is used to determine the anomaly determination result based on the conduction delay, temperature rise status, residual voltage, and recovery time. The anomaly marking submodule is used to mark the corresponding lightning protection layer as an anomaly layer when the anomaly determination result meets the anomaly conditions; The filler access submodule is used to select a filler layer that meets the access conditions from the candidate standby layers adjacent to the current conduction window and access the current conduction window; The Exit Transition Submodule is used to remove the exception layer from the current conduction window and transfer the exception layer to the deferred call layer after the filler layer reaches the stable conduction condition.

[0124] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Any non-creative variations that can be conceived by those skilled in the art, as well as any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention, should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the layered rotating current discharge of a multi-gap surge protector, characterized in that, include: Obtain the structural parameters, real-time status parameters, and historical status parameters of each lightning protection layer, and determine the current active layer, candidate standby layer, and deferred call layer; After a surge event is detected, the dynamic activation base number and priority sequence are determined based on structural parameters, real-time state parameters, historical state parameters, candidate standby layers and current lightning strike characteristics. The first set of conduction windows is established from the candidate standby layers according to the priority sequence. Perform adjacent successive window sliding from the candidate waiting layer according to priority; The current control window is expanded or contracted based on the deviation between its total capacity and the target demand capacity. If any lightning protection layer in the current conduction window experiences a conduction anomaly, temperature rise anomaly, or recovery anomaly, a non-disruption reconstructing process is performed from the candidate standby layers, filling in the gaps and then exiting. After the lightning strike ends, exit each lightning protection layer in the current conduction layer, update the health status of each lightning protection layer according to the results of this round of actions, use the updated health status of each lightning protection layer as historical status parameters, and rearrange the priority sequence for the next round, adjusting the candidate standby layers and the deferred call layers.

2. The layered rotating discharge control method for multi-gap surge protectors as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for obtaining the structural parameters, real-time status parameters, and historical status parameters of each lightning protection layer, and determining the current active layer, candidate standby layers, and deferred call layers include: Obtain the effective thickness, number of gap units, and equivalent working gap of each lightning protection layer to determine the structural load-bearing state of each lightning protection layer; Acquire the interlayer voltage, leakage current, absolute temperature, conduction duration and recovery time after disconnection of each lightning protection layer to determine the current thermal load status and recovery status of each lightning protection layer. The cumulative number of actions, cumulative energy throughput, historical peak temperature rise, and average recovery time of each lightning protection layer are obtained to determine the historical health status of each lightning protection layer. Based on the structural bearing capacity, current thermal load, recovery status, and historical health status, the lightning protection layers involved in the discharge are divided into the current conduction layer, the candidate standby layer, and the temporarily suspended call layer. The temporarily suspended call layer includes lightning protection layers that have conduction anomalies, temperature rise anomalies, recovery anomalies, or do not meet the conditions for the establishment of the first set of conduction windows, window sliding, layer expansion, or supplementary access.

3. The layered rotating discharge control method for multi-gap surge protectors as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for determining the dynamic activation base and priority sequence, and establishing the first set of activation windows from the candidate waiting layer according to the priority sequence, include: A joint triggering determination result is formed based on surge voltage, surge current, and rate of change; When the joint triggering judgment result meets the lightning strike entry conditions, the dynamic activation base number is determined based on the current lightning strike demand intensity, the heat load status distribution of the candidate standby layer, and the historical health status distribution of the candidate standby layer. A priority sequence is formed based on the structural load-bearing status, historical health status, current heat load status, and recovery status of each lightning protection layer; Based on the dynamic activation base number, consecutively arranged candidate standby layers are selected from the front of the priority sequence to establish the first set of conduction windows. Lightning protection layers that do not enter the first set of conduction windows are retained in the candidate standby layer or the deferred call layer according to the access conditions.

4. The layered rotating discharge control method for multi-gap surge protectors as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The steps of performing adjacent successive window sliding from the candidate waiting layer according to priority include: The slip determination result is determined based on the continuous conduction duration of the current conduction window, the cumulative throughput energy, and the highest heat load state within the window; When the sliding determination result meets the switching condition, the candidate standby layer immediately adjacent to the tail of the current conduction window is selected from the priority sequence and connected to the current conduction window. After the candidate standby layer is connected, the lightning protection layer with the highest overall exit priority corresponding to the current heat load status and recovery time is selected from the current conduction window to exit. Throughout the sliding process, the width of the conducting window remains constant, and the connection direction, window arrangement, and potential transition remain continuous.

5. The layered rotating discharge control method for multi-gap surge protectors as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the deviation between the current total capacity of the current conduction window and the target demand capacity, the steps of expanding or shrinking the current conduction window are executed, including: The total load-bearing capacity of the current conduction window is determined based on the structural load-bearing status, historical health status, current thermal load status, and recovery status of each lightning protection layer within the current conduction window. The target required capacity is determined based on the real-time status parameters corresponding to the surge event and the operating status of each lightning protection layer within the current conduction window. By comparing the total carrying capacity of the current conduction window with the target demand capacity, the carrying capacity deviation and carrying capacity redundancy ratio are obtained; The determination of whether to expand or shrink a layer is based on the load-bearing deviation and the load-bearing redundancy ratio.

6. The layered rotating discharge control method for multi-gap surge protectors as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The steps of expanding or shrinking the current conduction window based on the deviation between the current total capacity of the conduction window and the target demand capacity also include: When the load-bearing deviation continues to meet the expansion conditions, lightning protection layers adjacent to the current conduction window are sequentially introduced from the candidate standby layers to expand the width of the current conduction window; When the load redundancy ratio continuously meets the shrinkage condition, the lightning protection layer exits sequentially from the tail of the current conduction window, thus reducing the width of the current conduction window. A hysteresis interval is set between the expansion and contraction conditions, and the current conduction window width is kept unchanged within the hysteresis interval.

7. The layered rotating discharge control method for multi-gap surge protectors as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of performing a non-disruptive reconstruction from the candidate waiting layer, which involves filling in the gaps and then exiting, include: The anomaly determination result is determined based on the conduction delay, temperature rise status, residual voltage, and recovery time; When the anomaly determination result meets the anomaly conditions, the corresponding lightning protection layer is marked as an anomaly layer; Select a replacement layer that meets the access conditions from the candidate standby layers adjacent to the current access window and connect it to the current access window; After the filler layer reaches the stable conduction condition, the exception layer will be removed from the current conduction window and transferred to the deferred call layer.

8. The layered rotating current discharge control method for multi-gap surge protectors as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The health status of each lightning protection layer is updated based on the results of this round of actions. The updated health status of each lightning protection layer is used as historical status parameters. The priority sequence for the next round is rearranged, and the steps for adjusting the candidate standby layers and the deferred call layers are adjusted, including: Record the number of new actions, new energy throughput, peak temperature rise, and recovery time increment of each lightning protection layer in this round of lightning strike; Record the abnormal event markers and continuous high load markers for each lightning protection layer during this round of lightning strikes; The health status of each lightning protection layer is updated based on the number of new actions, the new throughput energy, the peak temperature rise, the recovery time increment, the abnormal event markers, and the continuous high load markers. The updated health status of each lightning protection layer is used as the historical status parameter. The priority sequence for the next round will be reordered based on the updated health status of each lightning protection layer, and the candidate standby layers and the deferred call layers will be adjusted.

9. A layered rotating discharge control system for a multi-gap surge protector, characterized in that, include: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the structural parameters, real-time status parameters and historical status parameters of each lightning protection layer, and to determine the current conductive layer, candidate standby layer and deferred call layer. The activation window module is used to determine the dynamic activation base and priority sequence based on structural parameters, real-time status parameters, historical status parameters, candidate standby layers and current lightning strike characteristics after a surge event is detected, and to establish the first set of conduction windows from the candidate standby layers according to the priority sequence. The window sliding module is used to perform adjacent successive window sliding from the candidate waiting layer according to priority sequence; The expansion / shrinking layer module is used to expand or shrink the current conduction window based on the deviation between the total capacity of the current conduction window and the target demand capacity. The reconstructing module is used to perform a non-disruption reconstructing process from the candidate standby layers when any lightning protection layer in the current conduction window experiences a conduction anomaly, temperature rise anomaly, or recovery anomaly. The status update module is used to exit each lightning protection layer in the current conduction layer after the lightning strike ends, update the health status of each lightning protection layer according to the results of this round of actions, use the updated health status of each lightning protection layer as historical status parameters, and rearrange the priority sequence for the next round, adjusting the candidate standby layers and the deferred call layers.

10. The layered rotating discharge control system for the multi-gap surge protector as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The refactoring module includes: The anomaly determination submodule is used to determine the anomaly determination result based on the conduction delay, temperature rise status, residual voltage, and recovery time. The anomaly marking submodule is used to mark the corresponding lightning protection layer as an anomaly layer when the anomaly determination result meets the anomaly conditions; The filler access submodule is used to select a filler layer that meets the access conditions from the candidate standby layers adjacent to the current conduction window and access the current conduction window; The Exit Transition Submodule is used to remove the exception layer from the current conduction window and transfer the exception layer to the deferred call layer after the filler layer reaches the stable conduction condition.

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