A voltage abnormality control protection system and control method

Abstract

The application discloses a voltage abnormality control protection system and a control method, and particularly relates to the technical field of voltage abnormality control protection, and comprises a ripple perception and perturbation impedance identification module which is connected to a power supply distribution node of an industrial precision device, wherein the ripple perception and perturbation impedance identification module comprises a high-frequency voltage sampling channel, a high-frequency current sampling channel, a ripple feature extraction unit and a perturbation injection unit. The application realizes the precursor prediction and accurate early warning of voltage abnormality by actively injecting a micro-sweep disturbance signal, identifying a dynamic impedance spectrum online and matching the dynamic impedance spectrum with a health benchmark in a frequency domain. The application constructs a protection architecture which cooperates with energy routing active shaping and hierarchical safety isolation, dynamically injects compensation energy according to the abnormal type to maintain the power supply quality, and progressively isolates according to the severity when out of control. Meanwhile, the application introduces a rapid deterioration trend judgment and a fault pre-data preservation mechanism to improve the sudden response capability and support fault tracing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of voltage anomaly control and protection technology, and more specifically, to a voltage anomaly control and protection system and control method. Background Technology

[0002] Industrial precision equipment, such as semiconductor lithography machines, medical imaging diagnostic equipment, and high-end CNC machining centers, has extremely high requirements for the quality of power supply voltage. Voltage anomalies in the power supply system, including voltage dips, overshoots, and harmonic distortions, can lead to equipment malfunctions, reduced machining accuracy, data loss, and even hardware damage, causing significant production losses and safety risks. Therefore, effective voltage anomaly control and protection of power supply distribution nodes for industrial precision equipment has been a long-standing technical challenge in this field.

[0003] Most existing voltage protection schemes use passive threshold detection, which only triggers protection when the voltage amplitude exceeds the limit. This is a lagging mode of deterioration before response. Many anomalies, such as filter capacitor aging, connection impedance drift, and load change, have already shown characteristic shifts in dynamic impedance spectrum before the voltage amplitude has deviated significantly. However, existing technologies lack the means to identify impedance spectrum online and compare it with health benchmarks, so they cannot provide early warning. Existing impedance measurement technologies, such as the wideband impedance sweep frequency measurement method disclosed in CN120971813A, only focus on how to accurately obtain the impedance characteristics of the power grid. Its threshold comparison aims to protect the measuring equipment itself when resonance risk is detected, thereby reducing disturbance or stopping the measurement, rather than predicting the precursors of voltage anomalies in downstream electrical equipment. Furthermore, it does not have the collaborative protection capability of active compensation and graded isolation while maintaining power supply. Meanwhile, traditional protection schemes often adopt a one-size-fits-all approach of directly cutting off power supply, which leads to sudden equipment shutdown, process interruption or data loss. They lack an energy routing shaping mechanism that dynamically adjusts compensation strategies according to the type of anomaly, and cannot achieve coordinated protection of active shaping and hierarchical isolation. They cannot intervene gradually while maintaining power supply, nor can they implement progressive isolation according to the severity of intervention failure. Furthermore, existing protection schemes are insufficient in responding to rapidly deteriorating faults and lack the ability to trace data before a fault occurs. When the voltage deteriorates rapidly due to an abnormality, such as when a power device is short-circuited, the response time is extremely short, and traditional threshold protection is difficult to meet the requirements. At the same time, existing devices only record the voltage and current values ​​at the moment of the fault and cannot save the waveform and impedance change trajectory before the fault, resulting in a lack of data support for fault tracing and health assessment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a voltage anomaly control and protection system and control method to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a voltage anomaly control and protection system, comprising: The ripple sensing and perturbation impedance identification module is connected to the power distribution node of industrial precision equipment. The ripple sensing and perturbation impedance identification module includes a high-frequency voltage sampling channel, a high-frequency current sampling channel, a ripple feature extraction unit, and a perturbation injection unit. The high-frequency voltage sampling channel is used to collect the bus voltage waveform of the power supply and distribution node in real time, and the high-frequency current sampling channel is used to collect the loop current waveform of the same node in real time. The perturbation injection unit is configured to: inject a micro-amplitude sweep frequency perturbation signal within a preset frequency range into the circuit where the power distribution node is located through coupling; the high-frequency voltage sampling channel and the high-frequency current sampling channel synchronously acquire the voltage response sequence and current response sequence corresponding to the micro-amplitude sweep frequency perturbation signal; and the ripple feature extraction unit identifies the dynamic impedance spectrum of the distribution node online by the ratio of the perturbation voltage to the perturbation current at each perturbation frequency point. The dynamic impedance spectrum is then compared with a pre-established reference impedance spectrum. Frequency domain offset matching is performed, and the reference impedance spectrum is... The following method is used to pre-establish a perturbation signal: Under known healthy operating conditions of the industrial precision equipment during factory acceptance or periodic calibration, the perturbation injection unit injects a micro-amplitude frequency sweep perturbation signal with the same preset frequency range and similar amplitude. The ratio of perturbation voltage to perturbation current at each frequency point is recorded to form a complex impedance trajectory. ; The frequency domain deviation matching includes: calculating real-time within a preset frequency band of interest. and Amplitude deviation Phase deviation When the root mean square of the amplitude deviation exceeds the first matching threshold or the root mean square of the phase deviation exceeds the second matching threshold, it is determined to be a precursor to voltage anomaly. The energy routing shaping module, connected to the ripple sensing and perturbation impedance identification module and multiple power supply branches, includes a programmable multi-port converter array. When a voltage anomaly precursor is detected, the energy routing shaping module, based on the deviation characteristics of the dynamic impedance spectrum, injects compensation current or compensation voltage from adjacent power supply branches or energy storage buffer units into the distribution node through the programmable multi-port converter array to actively shape the voltage waveform of the node to maintain power supply quality. The hierarchical safety isolation module is electrically connected to the ripple sensing and micro-perturbation impedance identification module, the energy routing shaping module, and the equipment controller of the industrial precision equipment, respectively. The graded safety isolation module is configured to: trigger physical isolation measures according to the severity of the abnormality when the deviation of the dynamic impedance spectrum exceeds the controllable range, or when the energy routing shaping module fails to converge the deviation within the preset shaping window; and send a stop shaping command to the energy routing shaping module before or at the same time as triggering the second or third level of isolation, so as to stop the compensation injection and make the corresponding port enter the high impedance state. The hierarchical security isolation module includes three progressive isolation units: Level 1: Drive control stage soft shutdown, which gradually pulls down the gate drive signal of the power device to enable the power converter at the power distribution node to enter a zero-current or zero-voltage shutdown transition. Second stage: magnetic coupling decoupling, in response to the stop shaping command, the bidirectional switching unit of the corresponding port in the programmable multi-port converter array is switched to a high impedance state, cutting off the electrical direct connection while retaining the weak current side communication link; Level 3: Physical air gap isolation, driving mechanical relays or arc extinguishing devices to disconnect, forming a visible air gap between the power distribution node and the power supply trunk line; Specifically, when the severity of the anomaly exceeds the tolerance threshold of the current level, the hierarchical security isolation module is configured to skip the preset delay of the lower priority and directly jump to the corresponding higher level of isolation.

[0006] Preferably, the ripple sensing and perturbation impedance identification module is based on the dynamic impedance spectrum. The deviation pattern is used to determine the type of precursor to voltage anomalies. when When the capacitive reactance amplitude increases compared to the reference value and the phase shifts towards resistivity in the high-frequency band, it is determined to be a precursor to filter capacitor degradation. when When the real part continues to increase in the low-frequency band and there is no obvious phase shift, it is determined to be a precursor of connection impedance drift. when When a local impedance dip occurs at a non-characteristic subfrequency and is accompanied by a rise in harmonic current, it is identified as a precursor to a nonlinear load abrupt change.

[0007] Preferably, the programmable multiport converter array includes multiple bidirectional switching units composed of SiC MOSFETs or GaN HEMTs. Each bidirectional switching unit is connected between the power supply distribution node and an adjacent power supply branch or energy storage buffer unit to form a reconfigurable power path. Each bidirectional switching unit includes an H-bridge topology. The energy routing shaping module controls and compensates for the direction and magnitude of energy transmission by adjusting the duty cycle and phase shift of each bidirectional switching unit.

[0008] Preferably, it further includes: The electromagnetic compatibility management unit is linked to the energy routing and shaping module; when the switching operation duty cycle of the programmable multi-port converter array or When the preset active threshold is exceeded, the electromagnetic compatibility management unit automatically switches the absorption capacitor and the common mode choke tap to limit the switching noise to outside the preset EMI mask frequency band, so as to avoid crosstalk to the sensor link of the industrial precision equipment.

[0009] A voltage anomaly control and protection method is also provided, based on the above system implementation, including the following steps: S1. Micro-perturbation impedance identification and early warning: At the power supply and distribution node, a micro-amplitude frequency sweep perturbation signal within a preset frequency range is injected through a micro-perturbation injection unit. The voltage / current response pairs are synchronously acquired by the high-frequency voltage sampling channel and the high-frequency current sampling channel, and the dynamic impedance spectrum is calculated online. The dynamic impedance spectrum is then compared with a pre-established reference impedance spectrum. Frequency domain offset matching is performed, and the reference impedance spectrum is... The following method is used to pre-establish a perturbation signal: Under known healthy operating conditions of the industrial precision equipment during factory acceptance or periodic calibration, the perturbation injection unit injects a micro-amplitude frequency sweep perturbation signal with the same preset frequency range and similar amplitude. The ratio of perturbation voltage to perturbation current at each frequency point is recorded to form a complex impedance trajectory. ; The frequency domain deviation matching includes: calculating real-time within a preset frequency band of interest. and Amplitude deviation Phase deviation When the root mean square of the amplitude deviation exceeds the first matching threshold or the root mean square of the phase deviation exceeds the second matching threshold, it is determined to be a precursor to voltage anomaly. S2. Energy routing and voltage waveform shaping: When there are abnormal precursors, the compensation amount and type are calculated based on the deviation characteristics of the dynamic impedance spectrum. Compensation current or compensation voltage is injected into the distribution node through a programmable multi-port converter array to actively shape the voltage waveform of the node. The deviation convergence is monitored with a preset shaping window. S3. Graded Response and Safety Net: If the deviation converges to within the matching threshold, power supply is maintained; if the deviation exceeds the controllable range or fails to converge within the window, physical isolation measures are triggered in stages according to the severity of the anomaly, and a stop-shaping command is sent to the energy routing shaping module before or simultaneously with triggering the second or third level of isolation to stop compensation injection; the graded safety isolation module includes three progressive isolation units: Level 1: Drive control stage soft shutdown, which gradually pulls down the gate drive signal of the power device to enable the power converter at the power distribution node to enter a zero-current or zero-voltage shutdown transition. Second stage: magnetic coupling decoupling, in response to the stop shaping command, the bidirectional switching unit of the corresponding port in the programmable multi-port converter array is switched to a high impedance state, cutting off the electrical direct connection while retaining the weak current side communication link; Level 3: Physical air gap isolation, driving mechanical relays or arc extinguishing devices to disconnect, forming a visible air gap between the power distribution node and the power supply trunk line; When the severity of the anomaly exceeds the tolerance threshold of the current level, the hierarchical security isolation module is configured to skip the preset delay of the lower priority and directly jump to the corresponding higher level of isolation. If the deviation converges to within the matching threshold, power supply is maintained; if the deviation exceeds the controllable range or does not converge within the window, physical isolation measures are triggered according to the severity of the anomaly, and a stop-shaping command is sent to the energy routing shaping module to stop compensation injection before or simultaneously with triggering the second or third level of isolation.

[0010] Preferably, in step S1, the injection amplitude of the micro-amplitude frequency sweep disturbance signal is limited to 0.5%-3% of the rated voltage of the power distribution node, and the disturbance frequency sweep range avoids the operating fundamental frequency and its integer multiple harmonic frequency bands of the industrial precision equipment, so as to reduce the perceptible disturbance to normal operating conditions.

[0011] Preferably, step S2 further includes: fitting the rate of change of the dynamic impedance spectrum deviation along the time series. When the rate of change exceeds a preset deterioration rate threshold, it is determined to be a rapid deterioration condition, skips the progressive shaping, switches the programmable multiport converter array to current limiting mode, and triggers a second or higher level of isolation action.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, before triggering the second or third level of isolation, a data preservation sub-step is also included: sending a pre-alarm interrupt signal to the device controller, and storing the bus voltage waveform segment, loop current waveform segment, and the last identified dynamic impedance spectrum within the preset backtracking time before the fault occurred into a non-volatile buffer storage area for fault tracing.

[0013] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: By setting up ripple sensing and micro-disturbance impedance identification modules, a micro-amplitude frequency sweep disturbance signal is actively injected into the power supply circuit to identify the dynamic impedance spectrum of the distribution node online and perform frequency domain deviation matching with a pre-established healthy reference impedance spectrum. This allows for the identification of anomaly precursors even before voltage anomalies occur, when they are only manifested as impedance characteristic shifts. Based on different deviation modes such as high-frequency capacitive reactance changes, low-frequency real part drift, and non-characteristic sub-frequency impedance dips, it accurately identifies specific precursor types such as filter capacitor degradation, connection impedance drift, and nonlinear load mutations. This impedance spectrum analysis-based predictive mechanism provides a valuable time window for subsequent protection actions, fundamentally solving the problem of traditional voltage protection failing to respond after initial deterioration. After predicting the precursors of voltage anomalies, the energy routing shaping module controls the programmable multi-port converter array to inject compensation current or voltage from adjacent power supply branches or energy storage buffer units to the abnormal node based on the deviation characteristics of the dynamic impedance spectrum. This actively shapes the voltage waveform, effectively suppressing voltage drops or overshoots in the early stages of anomaly development, maintaining the power supply quality of industrial precision equipment, and avoiding equipment downtime or production losses caused by instantaneous voltage disturbances. Through the hierarchical safety isolation module, when the deviation exceeds the controllable range or fails to converge within the shaping window, physical isolation measures are triggered according to the severity of the anomaly. This progressive protection is formed from soft shutdown at the drive control level, magnetic coupling decoupling to physical air gap isolation. Before triggering a higher level of isolation, the hierarchical safety isolation module synchronously sends a stop shaping command to the energy routing shaping module to avoid conflicts between compensation injection and isolation actions, achieving seamless coordination between active shaping and passive isolation. This dual-layer protection strategy not only maximizes power supply continuity but also provides a reliable safety barrier when uncontrollable faults occur. By introducing time evolution trend analysis of dynamic impedance spectrum deviation during the active voltage waveform shaping process, and judging whether it is a rapidly deteriorating condition by fitting the deviation change rate, when a sharp increase in deviation is detected, the system can skip the gradual shaping step, directly switch the programmable multi-port converter array to current limiting mode, and trigger secondary or higher isolation actions. This makes up for the shortcomings of conventional predictive protection in responding to sudden and rapid deterioration faults, and enables the system to have a comprehensive ability to cope with both gradual degradation and sudden deterioration. At the same time, before triggering high-level isolation, a data preservation sub-step is performed, which automatically sends a pre-alarm interrupt signal to the equipment controller and stores the bus voltage waveform, loop current waveform, and the last identified dynamic impedance spectrum within the preset traceback time before the fault occurs in the non-volatile buffer storage area. These completely preserved fault precursor data provide a reliable basis for subsequent fault tracing, equipment health assessment, and protection strategy optimization, which significantly improves the intelligence level and maintainability of the system. In summary, the voltage anomaly control and protection system and control method provided by this invention differ from existing impedance measurement technologies. This invention is not for measurement purposes, but for protection purposes; it does not use a single real gain threshold for over-limit judgment, but establishes a complex reference impedance spectrum under healthy operating conditions, and achieves precursor prediction through amplitude and phase dual deviation matching; it does not passively cut off power supply in case of an anomaly, but achieves a dynamic balance between maintaining power supply continuity and ensuring equipment safety through the synergy of active energy routing shaping and graded progressive isolation. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] As attached Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a voltage anomaly control and protection system, comprising: The ripple sensing and perturbation impedance identification module is connected to the power distribution node of industrial precision equipment. The ripple sensing and perturbation impedance identification module includes a high-frequency voltage sampling channel, a high-frequency current sampling channel, a ripple feature extraction unit, and a perturbation injection unit. The programmable multiport converter array includes multiple bidirectional switching units composed of SiC MOSFETs or GaN HEMTs. Each bidirectional switching unit is connected between the power supply distribution node and the adjacent power supply branch or energy storage buffer unit to form a reconfigurable power path. Each bidirectional switching unit contains an H-bridge topology. The energy routing shaping module controls and compensates for the direction and magnitude of energy transmission by adjusting the duty cycle and phase shift of each bidirectional switching unit. The high-frequency voltage sampling channel is used to acquire the bus voltage waveform of the power supply and distribution node in real time, and the high-frequency current sampling channel is used to acquire the loop current waveform of the same node in real time. The perturbation injection unit is configured to inject a micro-amplitude sweep frequency perturbation signal within a preset frequency range into the circuit where the power distribution node is located via coupling. As one possible implementation, the preset frequency range is 100Hz-10kHz, the sweep frequency step is 100Hz, and each frequency point lasts for 2-5 power frequency cycles to fully acquire the voltage / current response. The high-frequency voltage sampling channel and the high-frequency current sampling channel synchronously acquire the voltage response sequence and current response sequence corresponding to the micro-amplitude sweep frequency perturbation signal. The ripple feature extraction unit identifies the dynamic impedance spectrum of the distribution node online by using the ratio of the perturbation voltage to the perturbation current at each perturbation frequency point. And compare the dynamic impedance spectrum with the pre-established reference impedance spectrum. Perform frequency domain deviation matching; when the deviation exceeds the preset matching threshold, it is determined that there is a precursor to voltage anomaly at the power distribution node; The ripple sensing and perturbation impedance identification module is based on the dynamic impedance spectrum. The deviation pattern is used to determine the type of precursor to voltage anomalies. when When the capacitive reactance amplitude increases compared to the reference value and the phase shifts towards resistivity in the high-frequency band, it is determined to be a precursor to filter capacitor degradation. when When the real part continues to increase in the low-frequency band and there is no obvious phase shift, it is determined to be a precursor of connection impedance drift. when When a local impedance dip occurs at a non-characteristic subfrequency and is accompanied by a rise in harmonic current, it is determined to be a precursor to a nonlinear load abrupt change. Reference impedance spectrum The following method is used to pre-establish a system: Under known healthy operating conditions of industrial precision equipment during factory acceptance or periodic calibration, a micro-amplitude frequency sweeping perturbation signal is injected by a perturbation injection unit at the same preset frequency range and with similar amplitude. The ratio of perturbation voltage to perturbation current at each frequency point is recorded to form a complex impedance trajectory. ; Frequency domain offset matching includes: calculating real-time values ​​within a preset frequency band of interest. and Amplitude deviation Phase deviation When the root mean square of the amplitude deviation exceeds the first matching threshold or the root mean square of the phase deviation exceeds the second matching threshold, it is determined to be a precursor to voltage anomaly. In this embodiment, the preset focus frequency band is 100Hz-5kHz, the first matching threshold is set to 15%, and the second matching threshold is set to 10°. When the root mean square of the amplitude deviation is ≥15% or the root mean square of the phase deviation is ≥10°, it is determined that there is a precursor to voltage anomaly. The energy routing shaping module is connected to the ripple sensing and perturbation impedance identification module and multiple power supply branches, including a programmable multi-port converter array. When a voltage anomaly precursor is detected, the energy routing shaping module injects compensation current or compensation voltage from adjacent power supply branches or energy storage buffer units to the distribution node through the programmable multi-port converter array based on the deviation characteristics of the dynamic impedance spectrum, and actively shapes the voltage waveform of the node to maintain power supply quality. The hierarchical safety isolation module is electrically connected to the ripple sensing and micro-perturbation impedance identification module, the energy routing shaping module, and the equipment controller of industrial precision equipment, respectively. The tiered security isolation module includes three progressive isolation units: Level 1: Drive control stage soft shutdown, which gradually pulls down the gate drive signal of the power device to enable the power converter at the power distribution node to enter a zero-current or zero-voltage shutdown transition. Second stage: magnetic coupling decoupling, in response to the stop shaping command, the bidirectional switching unit of the corresponding port in the programmable multi-port converter array is switched to the high impedance state, cutting off the electrical direct connection while retaining the weak current side communication link; Level 3: Physical air gap isolation, driving mechanical relays or arc extinguishing devices to disconnect, forming a visible air gap between the power distribution node and the power supply trunk line; Specifically, when the severity of the anomaly exceeds the tolerance threshold of the current level, the hierarchical safety isolation module is configured to skip the preset delay of the lower priority and directly jump to the corresponding higher level of isolation. In this embodiment, the tolerance threshold is defined as follows: the first level tolerance threshold corresponds to a voltage deviation that lasts for more than 100ms; the second level corresponds to a deviation that lasts for more than 20% and more than 50ms; and the third level corresponds to a deviation that lasts for more than 30% or a deviation that continues to increase and shows no convergence trend within 1 second. When the deviation of the dynamic impedance spectrum exceeds the controllable range, or when the energy routing shaping module fails to converge the deviation within the preset shaping window, the graded safety isolation module triggers physical isolation measures according to the severity of the abnormality. Before or simultaneously with triggering the second or third level of isolation, the graded safety isolation module sends a stop shaping command to the energy routing shaping module to stop compensation injection and put the corresponding port into a high-impedance state. The controllable range is set, for example, twice the matching threshold, i.e., the root mean square deviation of the amplitude is ≥30% or the phase deviation is ≥20°. The preset shaping window is, for example, 50ms-200ms, corresponding to 2.5 to 10 cycles of the power frequency. If the deviation does not converge to within the matching threshold within this window, the shaping is judged to have failed. It also includes: an electromagnetic compatibility management unit, which works in conjunction with the energy routing and shaping module; and a duty cycle for the switching action of the programmable multi-port converter array. When the preset active threshold is exceeded, the electromagnetic compatibility management unit automatically switches the absorption capacitor and the common mode choke tap to limit the switching noise to outside the preset EMI mask frequency band, so as to avoid crosstalk to the sensor link of industrial precision equipment.

[0017] A voltage anomaly control and protection method is also provided, based on the above system, including the following steps: S1. Perturbation Impedance Identification and Early Warning: At the power supply and distribution nodes, a micro-amplitude frequency sweep perturbation signal within a preset frequency range is injected through a perturbation injection unit. The voltage / current response pairs are synchronously acquired by the high-frequency voltage sampling channel and the high-frequency current sampling channel, and the dynamic impedance spectrum is calculated online. , and the reference impedance spectrum Perform frequency domain deviation matching to determine whether there are any precursors to voltage anomalies and their types; S2. Energy routing and voltage waveform shaping: When there are abnormal precursors, the compensation amount and type are calculated based on the deviation characteristics of the dynamic impedance spectrum. Compensation current or compensation voltage is injected into the distribution node through a programmable multi-port converter array to actively shape the voltage waveform of the node. The deviation convergence is monitored with a preset shaping window. S3. Graded response and safety fallback: If the deviation converges to within the matching threshold, power supply is maintained; if the deviation exceeds the controllable range or fails to converge within the window, physical isolation measures are triggered according to the severity of the anomaly, and a stop-shaping command is sent to the energy routing shaping module to stop compensation injection before or simultaneously with triggering the second or third level of isolation.

[0018] In S1, the injection amplitude of the micro-amplitude frequency sweep disturbance signal is limited to 0.5%-3% of the rated voltage of the power distribution node, and the disturbance frequency sweep range avoids the operating fundamental frequency and its integer multiple harmonic frequency bands of industrial precision equipment, so as to reduce the perceptible disturbance to normal operating conditions.

[0019] S2 also includes: the rate of change of the deviation of the fitted dynamic impedance spectrum along the time series. When the rate of change exceeds the preset deterioration rate threshold, it is determined to be a rapid deterioration condition. The progressive shaping is skipped, the programmable multi-port converter array is switched to current limiting mode, and a second-level or higher isolation action is triggered. In this embodiment, the deterioration rate threshold is set to 20% / ms, that is, when the deviation increases by more than 20% per millisecond, it is determined to be a rapid deterioration.

[0020] In S3, before triggering the second or third level isolation, a data preservation sub-step is also included: sending a pre-alarm interrupt signal to the equipment controller and storing the bus voltage waveform segment, loop current waveform segment and the last identified dynamic impedance spectrum within the preset backtracking time before the fault occurs into the non-volatile buffer storage area for fault tracing; the preset backtracking time is, for example, 200ms, which is sufficient to record the complete waveform of several cycles before the fault.

[0021] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A voltage anomaly control and protection system, characterized in that, include: The ripple sensing and perturbation impedance identification module is connected to the power distribution node of industrial precision equipment. The ripple sensing and perturbation impedance identification module includes a high-frequency voltage sampling channel, a high-frequency current sampling channel, a ripple feature extraction unit, and a perturbation injection unit. The high-frequency voltage sampling channel is used to collect the bus voltage waveform of the power supply and distribution node in real time, and the high-frequency current sampling channel is used to collect the loop current waveform of the same node in real time. The perturbation injection unit is configured to: inject a micro-amplitude sweep frequency perturbation signal within a preset frequency range into the circuit where the power distribution node is located through coupling; the high-frequency voltage sampling channel and the high-frequency current sampling channel synchronously acquire the voltage response sequence and current response sequence corresponding to the micro-amplitude sweep frequency perturbation signal; and the ripple feature extraction unit identifies the dynamic impedance spectrum of the distribution node online by the ratio of the perturbation voltage to the perturbation current at each perturbation frequency point. The dynamic impedance spectrum is then compared with a pre-established reference impedance spectrum. Frequency domain offset matching is performed, and the reference impedance spectrum is... The following method is used to pre-establish a perturbation signal: Under known healthy operating conditions of the industrial precision equipment during factory acceptance or periodic calibration, the perturbation injection unit injects a micro-amplitude frequency sweep perturbation signal with the same preset frequency range and similar amplitude. The ratio of perturbation voltage to perturbation current at each frequency point is recorded to form a complex impedance trajectory. ; The frequency domain deviation matching includes: calculating real-time within a preset frequency band of interest. and Amplitude deviation Phase deviation When the root mean square of the amplitude deviation exceeds the first matching threshold or the root mean square of the phase deviation exceeds the second matching threshold, it is determined to be a precursor to voltage anomaly. The energy routing shaping module, connected to the ripple sensing and perturbation impedance identification module and multiple power supply branches, includes a programmable multi-port converter array. When a voltage anomaly precursor is detected, the energy routing shaping module, based on the deviation characteristics of the dynamic impedance spectrum, injects compensation current or compensation voltage from adjacent power supply branches or energy storage buffer units into the distribution node through the programmable multi-port converter array to actively shape the voltage waveform of the node to maintain power supply quality. The hierarchical safety isolation module is electrically connected to the ripple sensing and micro-perturbation impedance identification module, the energy routing shaping module, and the equipment controller of the industrial precision equipment, respectively. The graded safety isolation module is configured to: trigger physical isolation measures according to the severity of the abnormality when the deviation of the dynamic impedance spectrum exceeds the controllable range, or when the energy routing shaping module fails to converge the deviation within the preset shaping window; and send a stop shaping command to the energy routing shaping module before or at the same time as triggering the second or third level of isolation, so as to stop the compensation injection and make the corresponding port enter the high impedance state. The hierarchical security isolation module includes three progressive isolation units: Level 1: Drive control stage soft shutdown, which gradually pulls down the gate drive signal of the power device to enable the power converter at the power distribution node to enter a zero-current or zero-voltage shutdown transition. Second stage: magnetic coupling decoupling, in response to the stop shaping command, the bidirectional switching unit of the corresponding port in the programmable multi-port converter array is switched to a high impedance state, cutting off the electrical direct connection while retaining the weak current side communication link; Level 3: Physical air gap isolation, driving mechanical relays or arc extinguishing devices to disconnect, forming a visible air gap between the power distribution node and the power supply trunk line; Specifically, when the severity of the anomaly exceeds the tolerance threshold of the current level, the hierarchical security isolation module is configured to skip the preset delay of the lower priority and directly jump to the corresponding higher level of isolation.

2. The voltage anomaly control and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ripple sensing and perturbation impedance identification module is based on the dynamic impedance spectrum. The deviation pattern is used to determine the type of precursor to voltage anomalies. when When the capacitive reactance amplitude increases compared to the reference value and the phase shifts towards resistivity in the high-frequency band, it is determined to be a precursor to filter capacitor degradation. when When the real part continues to increase in the low-frequency band and there is no obvious phase shift, it is determined to be a precursor of connection impedance drift. when When a local impedance dip occurs at a non-characteristic subfrequency and is accompanied by a rise in harmonic current, it is identified as a precursor to a nonlinear load abrupt change.

3. The voltage anomaly control and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The programmable multiport converter array includes multiple bidirectional switching units composed of SiC MOSFETs or GaN HEMTs. Each bidirectional switching unit is connected between the power supply distribution node and an adjacent power supply branch or energy storage buffer unit to form a reconfigurable power path. Each bidirectional switching unit includes an H-bridge topology. The energy routing shaping module controls and compensates for the direction and magnitude of energy transmission by adjusting the duty cycle and phase shift of each bidirectional switching unit.

4. The voltage anomaly control and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The electromagnetic compatibility management unit is linked to the energy routing and shaping module; when the switching operation duty cycle of the programmable multi-port converter array or When the preset active threshold is exceeded, the electromagnetic compatibility management unit automatically switches the absorption capacitor and the common mode choke tap to limit the switching noise to outside the preset EMI mask frequency band, so as to avoid crosstalk to the sensor link of the industrial precision equipment.

5. A voltage anomaly control and protection method, implemented based on the system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Micro-perturbation impedance identification and early warning: At the power supply and distribution node, a micro-amplitude frequency sweep perturbation signal within a preset frequency range is injected through a micro-perturbation injection unit. The voltage / current response pairs are synchronously acquired by the high-frequency voltage sampling channel and the high-frequency current sampling channel, and the dynamic impedance spectrum is calculated online. The dynamic impedance spectrum is then compared with a pre-established reference impedance spectrum. Frequency domain offset matching is performed, and the reference impedance spectrum is... The following method is used to pre-establish a perturbation signal: Under known healthy operating conditions of the industrial precision equipment during factory acceptance or periodic calibration, the perturbation injection unit injects a micro-amplitude frequency sweep perturbation signal with the same preset frequency range and similar amplitude. The ratio of perturbation voltage to perturbation current at each frequency point is recorded to form a complex impedance trajectory. ; The frequency domain deviation matching includes: calculating real-time within a preset frequency band of interest. and Amplitude deviation Phase deviation When the root mean square of the amplitude deviation exceeds the first matching threshold or the root mean square of the phase deviation exceeds the second matching threshold, it is determined to be a precursor to voltage anomaly. S2. Energy routing and voltage waveform shaping: When there are abnormal precursors, the compensation amount and type are calculated based on the deviation characteristics of the dynamic impedance spectrum. Compensation current or compensation voltage is injected into the distribution node through a programmable multi-port converter array to actively shape the voltage waveform of the node. The deviation convergence is monitored with a preset shaping window. S3. Graded Response and Safety Net: If the deviation converges to within the matching threshold, power supply is maintained; if the deviation exceeds the controllable range or fails to converge within the window, physical isolation measures are triggered in stages according to the severity of the anomaly, and a stop-shaping command is sent to the energy routing shaping module before or simultaneously with triggering the second or third level of isolation to stop compensation injection; the graded safety isolation module includes three progressive isolation units: Level 1: Drive control stage soft shutdown, which gradually pulls down the gate drive signal of the power device to enable the power converter at the power distribution node to enter a zero-current or zero-voltage shutdown transition. Second stage: magnetic coupling decoupling, in response to the stop shaping command, the bidirectional switching unit of the corresponding port in the programmable multi-port converter array is switched to a high impedance state, cutting off the electrical direct connection while retaining the weak current side communication link; Level 3: Physical air gap isolation, driving mechanical relays or arc extinguishing devices to disconnect, forming a visible air gap between the power distribution node and the power supply trunk line; When the severity of the anomaly exceeds the tolerance threshold of the current level, the hierarchical security isolation module is configured to skip the preset delay of the lower priority and directly jump to the corresponding higher level of isolation. If the deviation converges to within the matching threshold, power supply is maintained; if the deviation exceeds the controllable range or does not converge within the window, physical isolation measures are triggered according to the severity of the anomaly, and a stop-shaping command is sent to the energy routing shaping module to stop compensation injection before or simultaneously with triggering the second or third level of isolation.

6. The voltage anomaly control and protection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S1, the injection amplitude of the micro-amplitude frequency sweep disturbance signal is limited to 0.5%-3% of the rated voltage of the power distribution node, and the disturbance frequency scanning range avoids the operating fundamental frequency and its integer multiple harmonic frequency bands of the industrial precision equipment, so as to reduce the perceptible disturbance to normal operating conditions.

7. The voltage anomaly control and protection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: S2 further includes: the rate of change of the dynamic impedance spectrum deviation fitted along the time series. When the rate of change exceeds a preset deterioration rate threshold, it is determined to be a rapid deterioration condition, skips the progressive shaping, switches the programmable multiport converter array to current limiting mode, and triggers a second or higher level of isolation action.

8. A voltage anomaly control and protection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, before triggering the second or third level of isolation, a data preservation sub-step is also included: sending a pre-alarm interrupt signal to the device controller and storing the bus voltage waveform segment, loop current waveform segment, and the last identified dynamic impedance spectrum within the preset backtracking time before the fault occurred into a non-volatile buffer storage area for fault tracing.

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