A high-efficiency wind-solar complementary intelligent power supply system applied to a communication base station

Abstract

The application relates to a high-efficiency wind-solar complementary intelligent power supply system applied to a communication base station, and relates to the cross field of new energy and communication technology, and aims to provide a high-efficiency wind-solar complementary intelligent power supply system applied to a communication base station, which can fully utilize wind energy and solar energy, realizes complementary and optimized configuration of energy, improves energy utilization efficiency, and ensures stable operation of the communication base station. The application solves one of the schemes for supplying power to the communication base station in remote areas, has high energy conversion efficiency, and is stable and reliable in power supply, can realize unattended operation and remote monitoring, and the equipment can be exempted from daily maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the intersection of new energy and communication technologies, specifically to a high-efficiency wind-solar hybrid intelligent power supply system for communication base stations. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread use of communication equipment, high demands have been placed on the coverage of communication signals. Achieving comprehensive signal coverage in grasslands and mountainous areas requires the construction of numerous base stations, most of which are located in areas not covered by the national power grid. Using municipal power to activate base stations and achieve wireless signal coverage would require substantial investment, and would also incur significant annual electricity costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a high-efficiency wind-solar hybrid intelligent power supply system for communication base stations. This system can make full use of wind and solar energy to achieve energy complementarity and optimized configuration, improve energy utilization efficiency, and ensure the stable operation of communication base stations.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The power supply system includes a photovoltaic array, photovoltaic conversion modules, a wind turbine generator, a wind turbine control module, mains power, a diesel generator, a rectifier module, a battery bank, an outdoor battery insulation box, a load distribution unit, a controller area network bus, a -48V DC bus, and a hybrid energy intelligent management unit. The integrated hybrid energy controller for communication adopts a modular design, fully meets communication power standards, supports hot-swapping and hot-backup of the photovoltaic control module, wind turbine control module, and rectifier module, includes a hybrid full power monitoring module, and provides a communication interface that meets communication requirements.

[0005] The electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array is further converted and regulated by the photovoltaic conversion module, then converted into DC power by the rectifier module, and then connected to the -48V DC bus.

[0006] Furthermore, the electrical energy generated by the wind turbine is monitored and controlled by the wind turbine control module, and then converted into DC power by the rectifier module and connected to the -48V DC bus.

[0007] Furthermore, municipal electricity and diesel generators are used as backup power sources. After being converted to DC power by a rectifier module, they are also connected to the -48V DC bus.

[0008] Furthermore, the battery pack is connected to a -48V DC bus to store electrical energy and release it when needed.

[0009] Furthermore, the load distribution unit obtains power from the -48V DC bus and distributes it to various load devices within the communication base station.

[0010] Furthermore, the controller local area network bus enables communication and data transmission between modules within the system, ensuring intelligent management and optimized operation of the system.

[0011] Furthermore, the hybrid energy intelligent management unit intelligently schedules and manages various energy sources based on wind and solar power generation, load demand, and battery bank capacity. For example, when wind and solar power are abundant, these two energy sources are prioritized for power supply; when wind and solar power are insufficient, mains power or a diesel generator is used; and at night or during inclement weather, the battery bank is used for power supply. Simultaneously, the hybrid energy intelligent management unit can also perform real-time monitoring and protection of the system to ensure stable operation. Beneficial effects

[0012] Make full use of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power to reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution.

[0013] To achieve complementary and optimized energy allocation and improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0014] Provide a stable and reliable power supply to ensure the stable operation of communication base stations.

[0015] It has intelligent management and optimized operation functions, improving the system's automation level and operating efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a system flowchart. The structure shown in the diagram includes 1 photovoltaic array, 2 photovoltaic conversion module, 3 wind turbine generator, 4 wind turbine control module, 5 mains power, 6 diesel generator, 7 rectifier module, 8 battery pack, 9 load distribution unit, 10 hybrid energy intelligent management unit, 11 controller local area network bus, and 12 -48V DC bus. Detailed Implementation

[0017] 1. System Working Principle

[0018] The power supply system includes a photovoltaic array, photovoltaic conversion modules, a wind turbine generator, a wind turbine control module, mains power, a diesel generator, a rectifier module, a battery bank, a load distribution unit, a controller area network bus, a -48V DC bus, and a hybrid energy intelligent management unit. The integrated hybrid energy controller for communication uses a modular design, fully meets communication power standards, supports hot-swapping and hot-backup of the photovoltaic control module, wind turbine control module, and rectifier module, includes a hybrid full power monitoring module, and provides a communication interface that meets communication requirements.

[0019] The electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array is further converted and regulated by the photovoltaic conversion module, then converted into DC power by the rectifier module, and then connected to the -48V DC bus.

[0020] Furthermore, the electrical energy generated by the wind turbine is monitored and controlled by the wind turbine control module, and then converted into DC power by the rectifier module and connected to the -48V DC bus.

[0021] Furthermore, municipal electricity and diesel generators are used as backup power sources. After being converted to DC power by a rectifier module, they are also connected to the -48V DC bus.

[0022] Furthermore, the battery pack is connected to a -48V DC bus to store electrical energy and release it when needed.

[0023] Furthermore, the load distribution unit obtains power from the -48V DC bus and distributes it to various load devices within the communication base station.

[0024] Furthermore, the controller local area network bus enables communication and data transmission between modules within the system, ensuring intelligent management and optimized operation of the system.

[0025] Furthermore, the hybrid energy intelligent management unit intelligently schedules and manages various energy sources based on wind and solar power generation, load demand, and battery bank capacity. For example, when wind and solar power are abundant, these two energy sources are prioritized for power supply; when wind and solar power are insufficient, mains power or a diesel generator is used; and at night or during inclement weather, the battery bank is used for power supply. Simultaneously, the hybrid energy intelligent management unit can also perform real-time monitoring and protection of the system to ensure stable operation.

[0026] 2. Hardware equipment selection and installation (1) Photovoltaic array Based on the solar radiation conditions of the area where the communication base station is located, select appropriate specifications and quantities of monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon solar panels. For example, in areas with abundant sunlight, use 400W monocrystalline silicon panels, connected in series and parallel to form a photovoltaic array that meets the system's power requirements. Install the photovoltaic array on the roof of the communication base station building or in an open area nearby, ensuring the panels face due south (adjust slightly according to the actual geographical location) to obtain maximum sunlight. During installation, ensure the panels are securely fixed and have good wind, lightning, and waterproof performance.

[0027] (2) Photovoltaic conversion module A photovoltaic inverter with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) capability should be selected as the photovoltaic conversion module, and its power output should match the output power of the photovoltaic array. For example, for a photovoltaic array with a total power of 10kW, an inverter with a rated power of approximately 10kW should be selected. The photovoltaic inverter should be installed in an indoor equipment room close to the photovoltaic array, ensuring good ventilation and heat dissipation. Electrical connections and parameter settings should be performed according to the instruction manual to convert the DC power output from the photovoltaic array to AC power and track the maximum power output of the photovoltaic cells.

[0028] (3) Wind turbine Based on the wind energy resources at the location of the communication base station, select a wind turbine of appropriate power and model, such as a horizontal-axis or vertical-axis wind turbine. For example, in areas with high average annual wind speeds, a horizontal-axis wind turbine with a rated power of 5kW should be selected. The wind turbine should be installed at a high location at a certain distance from the communication base station (generally 10-50 meters) with no obvious obstacles in the vicinity to ensure good wind energy capture. Strict foundation construction must be carried out during installation to ensure the stability of the turbine, and proper grounding measures must be implemented.

[0029] (4) Fan control module A wind turbine control module compatible with the wind turbine generator is used in conjunction with the system. This module has functions such as wind speed and direction monitoring, turbine start-up and stop control, and overspeed protection. The wind turbine control module is installed in a control box inside or near the wind turbine tower and connected to the wind turbine generator via cable to monitor the turbine's operating status in real time and perform corresponding control.

[0030] (5) Mains power connection and (6) Diesel generator The mains power distribution box connected to the communication base station should be equipped with appropriate capacity circuit breakers, residual current devices (RCDs), and other protective devices to ensure the safety of the mains power supply. The diesel generator should be selected with a power output sufficient to meet the maximum load requirements of the communication base station, typically 10-20kW. The diesel generator should be installed in a dedicated machine room with good ventilation, sound insulation, and fire prevention measures. An automatic transfer switch should connect the generator to the mains power supply to achieve automatic switching between mains and generator power.

[0031] (7) Rectifier module Based on the total power requirements of the system, select multiple rectifier modules of suitable specifications to form a rectifier group. For example, each rectifier module has a rated output current of 50A, and calculate the required number of modules based on the actual load current. Install the rectifier modules in the power cabinet of the communication base station, with the input side connected to the output of the photovoltaic inverter, wind turbine generator, mains power, and diesel generator, respectively, and the output side connected to a unified -48V DC bus.

[0032] (8) Battery pack Lead-acid batteries are selected to form a battery pack. The capacity and quantity of batteries are determined based on the power outage protection requirements of the communication base station. For example, if the communication base station needs to operate for 8 hours after a power outage, a battery pack with a total capacity of 500Ah is required. This can be achieved by using multiple 12V, 100Ah lead-acid batteries connected in series and parallel. The battery pack is installed on a dedicated battery rack in a dry, well-ventilated indoor environment, and proper charging and discharging management is implemented.

[0033] (9) Load distribution unit Based on the power and electricity requirements of various load devices within the communication base station, a load power distribution unit is designed. Multiple air switches and fuses are installed in the power cabinet to distribute the power from the -48V DC bus to each load branch, and overload and short-circuit protection is provided for each load. Simultaneously, corresponding monitoring devices are installed to monitor the current, voltage, and other parameters of each load branch in real time.

[0034] (10) Hybrid Energy Intelligent Management Unit and (11) Controller Area Network Bus Using appropriately sized controller area network (CNN) bus cables, the CNN communication interfaces of various modules, including the photovoltaic conversion module, wind turbine control module, rectifier module, battery pack monitoring device, and load distribution unit, are connected to form a CNN bus network. The hybrid energy intelligent management unit uses an industrial controller or dedicated power management chip with powerful data processing capabilities and intelligent control algorithms. It is installed in the monitoring room or control center of the communication base station and communicates with other modules via the CNN bus to achieve centralized management and intelligent control of the entire power supply system.

[0035] 3. System parameter settings and debugging (1) Parameter settings for hybrid energy intelligent management unit Energy priority settings: Based on local energy supply and costs, different energy usage priorities are set. For example, solar and wind power are given priority, followed by grid power, and diesel generators are used last.

[0036] Battery capacity threshold setting: Set the upper limit for charging and the lower limit for discharging the battery pack. For example, if the upper limit for charging is set to 95% and the lower limit for discharging is set to 20%, the hybrid energy intelligent management unit will control the charging or discharging process when the battery capacity reaches the corresponding threshold.

[0037] Load demand forecasting parameter settings: Based on the historical load data of communication base stations and service characteristics, set the relevant parameters of the load demand forecasting model so as to adjust the energy allocation strategy in advance.

[0038] (2) Parameter debugging of each module Photovoltaic conversion module: Through the inverter's operation panel or background monitoring software, parameters such as the type of photovoltaic cells, array voltage, and current are set to ensure that the inverter can accurately track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array.

[0039] Fan control module: Sets parameters such as fan start-up speed, rated speed, and shutdown speed, and adjusts fan blade angle control parameters to ensure efficient and stable operation of the fan under different wind speed conditions.

[0040] Rectifier Module: Based on the input power supply voltage range and output requirements, adjust the output voltage and current parameters of the rectifier module to ensure a stable and reliable -48V DC output. Simultaneously, set the current sharing parameters of the rectifier modules to ensure that the load current is evenly distributed among multiple rectifier modules.

[0041] (3) Joint system debugging After completing the parameter settings for each module, the system was jointly debugged. First, the photovoltaic array, wind turbine, mains power, and diesel generator were started respectively, and the voltage and current input to the rectifier module of each power source were checked to see if they were normal, and whether the voltage and current output from the rectifier module to the -48V DC bus were stable within the specified range.

[0042] Different load devices are connected sequentially to check whether the power distribution of the load distribution unit is normal and whether the voltage and current of each load branch meet the equipment requirements. At the same time, the communication between each module is monitored through the controller local area network bus to check whether the hybrid energy intelligent management unit can obtain the operating status information of each module in real time.

[0043] Simulating different energy supply scenarios, such as abundant sunshine, strong winds, and mains power outages, the system tests the correctness of the energy dispatch strategy of the hybrid energy intelligent management unit and whether the system can achieve automatic switching and optimized operation. For example, when there is abundant sunshine and strong winds, the system should prioritize the use of photovoltaic and wind power generation to meet load demand and charge the battery pack; when the mains power fails, the system should automatically switch to power supply from the battery pack or diesel generator.

[0044] This system not only requires an investment comparable to or slightly lower than that of introducing grid power, effectively solving the problem of the great difficulty of grid power introduction, but also saves a lot of electricity expenses every year and reduces carbon dioxide emissions, achieving the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction, and making due contributions to building a low-carbon society.

[0045] Therefore, this system is one of the solutions for powering communication base stations in remote areas. It boasts high energy conversion efficiency, stable and reliable power supply, and enables unattended operation and remote monitoring, requiring no routine maintenance. Furthermore, the system provides different base station power supply solutions based on specific needs, such as: wind power complementarity, solar power complementarity, wind-solar complementarity, wind-solar-diesel complementarity, wind-solar-diesel hybrid power supply modes, and wind-solar-diesel-electric hybrid energy supply modes, as well as new energy power supply system solutions for communication base stations in high-altitude and cold regions.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency wind-solar hybrid intelligent power supply system for communication base stations, characterized in that: The power supply system includes a photovoltaic array (1), a photovoltaic conversion module (2), a wind turbine generator (3), a wind turbine control module (4), mains power (5), a diesel generator (6), a rectifier module (7), a battery pack (8), a load distribution unit (9), a hybrid energy intelligent management unit (10), a controller area network bus (11), and a -48V DC bus (12).

2. The high-efficiency wind-solar hybrid intelligent power supply system for communication base stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array (1) is converted and regulated by the photovoltaic conversion module (2), then converted into DC power by the rectifier module (7), and then connected to the -48V DC bus (12).

3. The high-efficiency wind-solar hybrid intelligent power supply system for communication base stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical energy generated by the wind turbine (3) is monitored and controlled by the wind turbine control module (4), and then converted into DC power by the rectifier module (7) and connected to the -48V DC bus (12).

4. The high-efficiency wind-solar hybrid intelligent power supply system for communication base stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mains power (5) and the diesel generator (6) are used as backup power sources. After being converted into DC power by the rectifier module (7), they are also connected to the -48V DC bus (12).

5. A high-efficiency wind-solar hybrid intelligent power supply system for communication base stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack (8) is connected to the -48V DC bus (12) for storing electrical energy and releasing it when needed.

6. The high-efficiency wind-solar hybrid intelligent power supply system for communication base stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load distribution unit (9) obtains electrical energy from the -48V DC bus (12) and distributes it to various load devices within the communication base station.

7. A high-efficiency wind-solar hybrid intelligent power supply system for communication base stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller local area network bus (11) enables communication and data transmission between modules within the system, ensuring intelligent management and optimized operation of the system.

8. A high-efficiency wind-solar hybrid intelligent power supply system for communication base stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hybrid energy intelligent management unit (10) intelligently schedules and manages various energy sources based on the power generation of wind and solar energy, load demand, and the power status of the battery pack.

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