Coordinated frequency control method, device and equipment of power plant energy system and medium

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of power system frequency modulation control, and discloses a power plant energy system cooperative frequency modulation control method, device, equipment and medium. The power plant energy system cooperative frequency modulation control method provided by the application realizes accurate cooperation of the thermal power generating unit and the energy storage device, avoids compensation direction confusion and repeated compensation, can dynamically predict the actual response capability of the thermal power generating unit, accurately calculates the power gap between the automatic power generation control instruction and the thermal power predicted response, realizes cooperative frequency modulation of each regulating unit through multi-time scale decomposition, avoids excessive, insufficient or wrong direction energy storage compensation, and improves system regulation efficiency and power grid stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of frequency regulation control technology in power systems, specifically to a method, device, equipment, and medium for coordinated frequency regulation control of a power plant energy system. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, traditional existing thermal power unit combined with energy storage frequency regulation technology has the problem of failing to accurately predict the actual response capability of thermal power units during frequency regulation control, which may lead to excessive, insufficient, or incorrect energy storage compensation. Furthermore, the ramp-up capability of thermal power units is often treated as a fixed value without adjustment based on real-time operating conditions, causing deviations in energy storage allocation strategies. Unclear targeting of energy storage compensation can easily lead to unclear compensation directions or duplicate compensation between flywheel energy storage, electrically heated solid-state energy storage, and thermal power units. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a method, device, equipment, and medium for coordinated frequency regulation control of a power plant energy system. It can dynamically predict the actual response capability of thermal power units, accurately calculate the power gap between automatic generation control commands and the predicted response of thermal power, and achieve coordinated frequency regulation of each regulation unit through multi-timescale decomposition. This avoids excessive, insufficient, or directional energy storage compensation, thereby improving system regulation efficiency and grid stability.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a coordinated frequency regulation control method for a power plant energy system. The method includes: collecting operating data of various regulating units in the power plant energy system, wherein each regulating unit includes a thermal power unit, a flywheel energy storage, and an electrically heated solid energy storage; predicting the predicted output power of the thermal power unit within a preset step size based on the operating data; calculating the power difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the predicted benchmark equivalent grid-connected power without adding energy storage regulation, and decomposing the power difference according to a preset time scale to obtain multiple power decomposition components; and performing frequency regulation control on each regulating unit in the power plant energy system based on the multiple power decomposition components.

[0005] Based on the aforementioned technical methods, by introducing the predicted output power of thermal power units, the energy storage compensation deviation caused by the lack of prediction of the actual response capability of the units in traditional schemes can be effectively avoided. By clearly calculating the power difference between the target power of the automatic generation control command and the predicted equivalent grid-connected power without the addition of energy storage regulation as the compensation object, the problem of unclear compensation direction or duplicate compensation between energy storage and thermal power units is solved. Furthermore, the power difference is decomposed according to a preset time scale and allocated to different regulation units, realizing the synergy and complementarity of each unit, effectively smoothing the system power output, reducing the frequency of thermal power unit valve operation, and improving the overall frequency regulation performance and operational stability of the power plant energy system.

[0006] In one optional implementation, predicting the output power of a thermal power unit within a preset step size based on operating data includes: predicting the output power based on a thermal power response model with effective ramping capability, or a thermal power prediction model with response lag, or a data-driven model.

[0007] Based on the above technical means, the accuracy and response quality of coordinated frequency regulation control are effectively improved, avoiding problems such as excessive, insufficient, or incorrect compensation direction of energy storage, thereby ensuring the overall stable operation and efficient frequency regulation capability of the power plant's energy system.

[0008] In one alternative implementation, the power difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the predicted baseline equivalent grid-connected power without additional energy storage regulation is calculated using the following formula: ,in, For the kth control cycle, the first... The power difference of each prediction step, To correspond to the target power of the prediction step, To avoid increasing the predicted baseline equivalent grid-connected power for energy storage regulation, ; To predict the flywheel power at the starting point; The electric heating reference power is used to predict the starting point.

[0009] Based on the aforementioned technical methods, the problem of inaccurate power distribution direction or compensation mismatch between energy storage and thermal power units is effectively solved by addressing the lack of precise assessment of the dynamic deviation between the actual response capability of thermal power units and AGC commands in existing technologies. This leads to the system's inability to accurately determine the response gap, resulting in incorrect power distribution direction or compensation mismatch between energy storage and thermal power units. It provides clear and quantifiable power compensation targets and directions for the coordinated frequency regulation control of subsequent regulation units, significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of frequency regulation control for the entire power plant energy system.

[0010] In one optional implementation, the power difference is decomposed according to a preset time scale to obtain multiple power decomposition components, and each power decomposition component satisfies the following power balance relationship: ,in, For rapid energy shortages measured in seconds, flywheel energy storage will be the primary means of compensation. For shortages lasting from seconds to minutes, priority will be given to compensating through electrically heated solid-state energy storage. The slow remaining gap is filled by thermal power units within their effective ramping capacity; multiple power decomposition components are obtained according to a preset time scale by a combination of frequency band filtering, low-pass filtering, or constraint optimization.

[0011] Based on the aforementioned technical means, this application avoids the blind investment and redundant compensation of regulation resources in different frequency bands, significantly improving the overall frequency regulation efficiency and response quality of the power plant's energy system. By obtaining power decomposition components through methods such as band filtering, low-pass filtering combinations, or constraint optimization, the accuracy and real-time nature of the decomposition are ensured, making the coordination of each regulation unit more precise and efficient. Ultimately, this improves the adaptability and stability of the power plant's energy system to grid frequency fluctuations, while reducing the operating losses and resource waste of the regulation units.

[0012] In one optional implementation, frequency regulation control is performed on each regulating unit in the power plant energy system based on multiple power decomposition components, including: constructing a frequency regulation control optimization objective function and control variables; and performing frequency regulation control on thermal power units, flywheel energy storage, and electrically heated solid energy storage based on the frequency regulation control optimization objective function.

[0013] Based on the aforementioned technical means, frequent valve movements were effectively suppressed, mechanical wear and disturbances were reduced, and the stability and economy of thermal power unit operation were improved. Overall, this optimized control method, while meeting the power plant's energy system's requirements for tracking automatic generation control commands, achieved refined coordination between thermal power units, flywheel energy storage, and electrically heated solid-state energy storage, effectively balancing frequency regulation accuracy, equipment lifespan, and operating costs, and significantly improving the overall operating efficiency, stability, and economy of the power plant's energy system.

[0014] In an optional implementation, the method further includes: when the upward or downward adjustment capacity of flywheel energy storage, electrically heated solid energy storage, and thermal power units cannot meet the thermal power response gap in the corresponding direction, calculating the current available upward adjustment capacity, the current available downward adjustment capacity, and the derating factor respectively; and performing frequency regulation control on each regulating unit in the power plant energy system based on the current available upward adjustment capacity, the current available downward adjustment capacity, and the derating factor.

[0015] Based on the above technical means, the robustness and stability of frequency regulation control are significantly improved, effectively solving the control failure problem caused by insufficient regulation capacity, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power plant's energy system.

[0016] In an alternative implementation, the method further includes: when and At that time, the compensation adjustment of the flywheel energy storage is smoothly withdrawn to zero, and the heating power adjustment of the electric heating solid energy storage is restored to zero, so that the actual heating power is restored to the reference value; continue to monitor the equivalent grid power, and execute the steps of collecting the operating data of each regulation unit in the power plant energy system.

[0017] Based on the aforementioned technical methods, by determining whether the equivalent grid power deviation and the power difference are simultaneously within a preset threshold range, it is possible to accurately identify whether the system has entered a steady state, thereby triggering the energy storage exit logic and ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the exit operation. The compensation adjustment amount of flywheel energy storage is gradually reduced using the exit slope, allowing the flywheel output power to smoothly decrease to zero at a controlled rate, avoiding power jumps caused by sudden cessation of energy storage compensation and ensuring the continuity of power output on the grid side. By controlling the heating power adjustment amount of electrically heated solid-state energy storage to zero using the recovery slope, and returning the actual heating power to the reference value, it is ensured that the thermal energy storage system can smoothly return to its initial operating state, reserving sufficient adjustment space for the next frequency regulation requirement.

[0018] Secondly, this application provides a coordinated frequency regulation control device for a power plant energy system. The device includes: a data acquisition module for acquiring operating data of various regulating units in the power plant energy system, wherein each regulating unit includes a thermal power unit, a flywheel energy storage unit, and an electrically heated solid energy storage unit; a prediction module for predicting the predicted output power of the thermal power unit within a preset step size based on the operating data; a decomposition module for calculating the power difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the predicted benchmark equivalent grid-connected power without adding energy storage regulation, and decomposing the power difference according to a preset time scale to obtain multiple power decomposition components; and a control module for performing frequency regulation control on each regulating unit in the power plant energy system based on the multiple power decomposition components.

[0019] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor, which are communicatively connected to each other. The memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform the coordinated frequency regulation control method of the power plant energy system described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment.

[0020] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the coordinated frequency regulation control method for a power plant energy system according to the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment described above.

[0021] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product, including computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the coordinated frequency regulation control method for a power plant energy system described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a first method for coordinated frequency regulation control of a power plant energy system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a second flowchart illustrating the coordinated frequency regulation control method for a power plant energy system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a third flowchart illustrating the coordinated frequency regulation control method for a power plant energy system according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 This is a first example diagram of a coordinated frequency regulation control method for a power plant energy system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a second example diagram of a coordinated frequency regulation control method for a power plant energy system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of a coordinated frequency regulation control device for a power plant energy system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] It is understood that before using the technical solutions disclosed in the various embodiments of this application, users should be informed of the types, scope of use, and usage scenarios of the personal information involved in this application in an appropriate manner in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and user authorization should be obtained.

[0026] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0027] This application proposes a coordinated frequency regulation control method for power plant energy systems, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: Step S101: Collect the operating data of each regulating unit in the power plant's energy system, including thermal power units, flywheel energy storage, and electrically heated solid energy storage.

[0028] Step S102: Based on the operating data, predict the predicted output power of the thermal power unit within a preset step size.

[0029] Step S103: Calculate the power difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the predicted benchmark equivalent grid-connected power without adding energy storage regulation, and decompose the power difference according to a preset time scale to obtain multiple power decomposition components.

[0030] Step S104: Based on multiple power decomposition components, frequency regulation control is performed on each regulating unit in the power plant energy system.

[0031] For ease of understanding, the following explains some key terms in this embodiment: A power plant energy system refers to a comprehensive system that includes various energy conversion and storage devices such as thermal power units, flywheel energy storage, and electrically heated solid-state energy storage. The system aims to achieve stable control and optimization of the power grid frequency through the coordinated operation of its various units.

[0032] A regulating unit refers to equipment in a power plant's energy system that has power regulation capabilities. These mainly include thermal power units, flywheel energy storage, and electrically heated solid-state energy storage. Thermal power units generate electricity through fuel combustion, and their output can be regulated. Flywheel energy storage stores and releases kinetic energy through a high-speed rotating flywheel, providing a rapid power response. Electrically heated solid-state energy storage uses electricity to heat a solid medium for heat storage and releases the heat when needed, or indirectly regulates grid power by reducing the electrical heating load.

[0033] Predicted output power refers to the estimation of the actual power generation capacity that a thermal power unit can achieve within a future period (i.e., within a preset step size) based on its current and historical operating data, using a specific predictive model. This prediction takes into account the unit's dynamic response characteristics and operational constraints.

[0034] The predicted baseline equivalent grid-connected power without additional energy storage regulation refers to the total equivalent power expected to be transmitted to the grid, which is composed of the predicted output power of thermal power units and other fixed or baseline power in the system (such as the flywheel power and electric heating baseline power at the prediction starting point) without considering additional power regulation by flywheel energy storage and electric heating solid energy storage.

[0035] Power decomposition components refer to the power difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the predicted baseline equivalent grid-connected power without additional energy storage regulation, which is then decomposed into multiple sub-power demands based on different time response characteristics or frequency characteristics. These components typically correspond to different time scales, such as fast components on the order of seconds, continuous components on the order of seconds to minutes, and slow residual components, so that they can be compensated in a targeted manner by regulation units with different response characteristics.

[0036] Specifically, the coordinated frequency regulation control method in this embodiment first requires collecting operational data from various regulating units in the power plant's energy system. These regulating units include thermal power units, flywheel energy storage, and electrically heated solid-state energy storage. The collection of operational data can be achieved in various ways. For example, a basic sensor network can be deployed to transmit key operational data from each regulating unit, such as the real-time output of thermal power units, the rotational speed of flywheel energy storage, and the temperature of electrically heated solid-state energy storage, to a central monitoring system for storage via data lines or wireless communication.

[0037] After acquiring operational data, it is necessary to predict the output power of the thermal power unit within a preset step size based on this data. Several methods can be used to predict the output power of the thermal power unit. For example, a simple linear extrapolation method can be used to predict the output power based on the recent power change trend of the thermal power unit. Specifically, if the power of the thermal power unit has shown an upward trend in the past few control cycles, it is predicted that it will maintain a similar trend in the future preset step size. As another approach, a static lookup table based on the current load rate can be established, allowing direct lookup of the corresponding predicted output power according to the current load level of the thermal power unit.

[0038] Subsequently, the power difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the predicted baseline equivalent grid-connected power without additional energy storage regulation is calculated. This power difference is then decomposed according to a preset time scale to obtain multiple power decomposition components. The power difference can be calculated by subtracting the predicted baseline equivalent grid-connected power from the target power. A fixed-ratio allocation method can be used for the decomposition of the power difference. For example, a fixed percentage (e.g., 30%) of the power difference can be allocated to the fast-response component, another fixed percentage (e.g., 40%) to the medium-response component, and the remainder to the slow-response component. Alternatively, a simple power threshold can be set: when the power difference exceeds a certain high threshold, it is entirely considered a fast component; when the power difference is between the high and medium thresholds, it is considered a medium-response component; and when the power difference is below the medium threshold, it is considered a slow component.

[0039] Finally, based on multiple power decomposition components, frequency regulation control is performed on each regulating unit in the power plant's energy system. Frequency regulation control can be implemented using direct command issuance. For example, the fast-speed power component obtained from the decomposition can be directly used as the power command for flywheel energy storage, the medium-speed power component as the heating power command for electrically heated solid-state energy storage, and the slow-speed power component as the power regulation command for thermal power units. Alternatively, each regulating unit can be assigned an independent proportional controller, which adjusts its output power independently according to its assigned power decomposition component to respond to frequency regulation requirements.

[0040] It is understood that the coordinated frequency regulation control method in this embodiment, by introducing the predicted output power of thermal power units, can effectively avoid the energy storage compensation deviation caused by the lack of prediction of the actual response capability of the units in traditional schemes. By clearly calculating the power difference between the target power of the automatic generation control command and the predicted equivalent grid-connected power without the addition of energy storage regulation as the compensation object, the problem of unclear compensation direction or duplicate compensation between energy storage and thermal power units is solved. Furthermore, the power difference is decomposed according to a preset time scale and allocated to different regulation units, realizing the synergy and complementarity of each unit, effectively smoothing the system power output, reducing the frequency of thermal power unit valve operation, and improving the overall frequency regulation performance and operational stability of the power plant energy system.

[0041] In some embodiments, this application further proposes a coordinated frequency regulation control method for power plant energy systems, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the method includes: Step S201: Collect operational data from various regulating units within the power plant's energy system. These regulating units include thermal power units, flywheel energy storage, and electrically heated solid-state energy storage. (See details...) Figure 1 Step S101 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0042] Step S202 involves predicting the output power of the thermal power unit within a preset step size based on operational data. Specifically, this includes: Step S2021: Predict the output power based on the thermal power response model with effective ramping capability, or the thermal power prediction model with response lag, or the data-driven model.

[0043] Among them, the thermal power plant response model for effective ramp-up capability includes: ;in, , and They are respectively the kth control period and the th The effective uphill rate and effective downhill rate for each predicted step; The target power command is issued to the thermal power unit in accordance with the corresponding prediction step; , ; and These are the rated uphill speed and the rated downhill speed, respectively. The dimensionless correction coefficient corresponding to the operating state and satisfying The correction factor is determined by the equipment's rated parameters, historical operating data, or online identification results; For the kth control cycle, the first... The predicted power generation for each prediction step This is the current control cycle number. This refers to the prediction step number; To control cycle duration; For the kth control cycle, the first... Predicted power generation in each prediction step; Thermal power prediction models with lag response include: ,in, This refers to the power command issued to the thermal power unit in the k-th cycle. For the effective response time constant, and The predicted power generation of thermal power units in the k-th and k+1-th periods are respectively. ,in, As the reference response time constant, , , and These are the dimensionless positive correction coefficients corresponding to main steam pressure, main steam temperature, valve status, and boiler combustion status, respectively. Data-driven models include: ,in, , ,in, The predictive model is obtained by training on historical data or online identification. For model parameters, The length of the history input window. To predict the number of steps; , , , , , and These are, respectively, boiler combustion state characteristic quantities, valve operating frequency per unit time, turbine valve real-time opening, unit real-time main steam temperature, unit real-time main steam pressure, thermal power unit generating power, and target power in automatic power generation control commands.

[0044] Step S203: Calculate the power difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the predicted baseline equivalent grid-connected power without additional energy storage regulation, and decompose the power difference according to a preset time scale to obtain multiple power decomposition components. (See details...) Figure 1 Step S103 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0045] Step S204 involves performing frequency regulation control on each regulating unit in the power plant's energy system based on multiple power decomposition components. (See details...) Figure 1 Step S104 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0046] Specifically, for thermal power response models based on effective ramp-up capability, the core lies in introducing multi-dimensional dimensionless correction coefficients. The rated uphill speed of the thermal power unit and rated downhill climbing speed This translates into an effective ramp rate influenced by real-time operating parameters such as main steam pressure, main steam temperature, valve status, and boiler combustion status. and effective downhill / climbing speed Correction factor The determination of the parameters can be achieved through in-depth analysis and modeling of historical operating data accumulated over a long period of time in power plants. For example, machine learning methods such as regression analysis, support vector machines, or neural networks can be used to establish a mapping relationship between operating parameters and actual ramp-up capabilities. Alternatively, online identification technology can be employed to monitor the response of thermal power units to automatic generation control commands P in real time. AGC The response dynamically adjusts the correction coefficient. This is to adapt to slow changes in unit performance or sudden operating conditions. The implementation of the saturation function sat(·) is usually a limiting operation to ensure that the predicted power change does not exceed the current effective ramp rate. and The maximum allowable range is determined to ensure the physical plausibility of the prediction results.

[0047] For thermal power prediction models with lag response, the key lies in introducing an effective response time constant. To accurately characterize the power command of thermal power units Its inertial response characteristics. Effective response time constant. It is not a fixed value, but rather determined by a reference response time constant. With a series of dimensionless positive correction coefficients , , , The product of these correction coefficients ψ is dynamically adjusted. These correction coefficients ψ can be initially determined based on the unit's design parameters, operating manual, or by conducting step response tests on the unit under different operating conditions. In actual operation, parameters such as main steam pressure, main steam temperature, valve status, and boiler combustion status can be monitored online, and these correction coefficients ψ can be calculated and updated in real time using a preset rule base or fuzzy logic system to reflect the unit's true response speed under the current operating condition. For example, when the main steam pressure is lower than the set value, the corresponding correction coefficient will increase, thereby... An increase indicates that the unit's response is slower.

[0048] As for data-driven models, their core lies in predictive models trained or identified online using historical data. This is used to capture the complex nonlinear dynamics of thermal power units during operation. (Model) This can be achieved using various advanced machine learning or deep learning architectures. For example, it could be a recurrent neural network based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) or Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs), which can effectively process time-series data and capture long-term dependencies. Another approach is to use a Transformer-based model, whose self-attention mechanism can better capture the correlations between input features at different time steps. The training process typically involves collecting a large amount of historical running data. Including automatic power generation control commands Thermal power unit power generation Main steam pressure Main steam temperature Real-time opening of turbine control valve Frequency of action of the regulating gate per unit time and boiler combustion state characteristic quantities Then, the model parameters are adjusted using optimization algorithms (such as Adam and SGD). This minimizes prediction errors. Online identification, on the other hand, allows for incremental learning or adaptive adjustments to the model after deployment, using newly acquired real-time data to address changes in unit characteristics over time.

[0049] It is understood that, through the above technical solutions, this application can significantly improve the accuracy of predicted output power of thermal power units. Specifically, by introducing a thermal power response model with effective ramping capability, the system can dynamically correct the ramping rate of the thermal power unit based on real-time operating parameters such as main steam pressure, main steam temperature, valve status, and boiler combustion status. This avoids prediction deviations caused by using fixed ramping values, making the prediction results closer to the actual adjustment capability of the unit under current operating conditions. Simultaneously, the thermal power prediction model with response lag accurately characterizes the inertial lag characteristics of the thermal power unit to commands by dynamically adjusting the effective response time constant, ensuring that the predicted power is consistent with the actual physical response process of the unit in the time dimension. Furthermore, the data-driven model utilizes historical operating data to capture nonlinear characteristics during unit operation that are difficult to express explicitly through physical formulas, providing a powerful supplementary means for power prediction under complex operating conditions. These three prediction models complement and synergize with each other, enabling the system to intelligently select or integrate the most suitable prediction path based on the current operating status and historical data of the thermal power unit. This provides a more accurate benchmark for calculating the power difference between the target power in the subsequent automatic generation control command and the equivalent grid-connected power without additional energy storage regulation. This effectively improves the accuracy and response quality of coordinated frequency regulation control, avoids problems such as excessive, insufficient, or incorrect energy storage compensation, and thus ensures the overall stable operation and efficient frequency regulation capability of the power plant's energy system.

[0050] In some embodiments, this application further proposes to calculate the power difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the predicted baseline equivalent grid-connected power without additional energy storage regulation, which is obtained by the following formula: ,in, For the kth control cycle, the first... The power difference of each prediction step. To correspond to the target power of the prediction step, To avoid increasing the predicted baseline equivalent grid-connected power for energy storage regulation, ; To predict the flywheel power at the starting point; The electric heating reference power is used to predict the starting point.

[0051] Specifically, this power difference For the kth control cycle, the first... The power difference for each prediction step aims to quantify the deviation between the actual response capability of the thermal power unit and the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) command within the future prediction step, without relying on additional energy storage regulation. By calculating this power difference, the system can clearly identify whether the thermal power unit is under-responding (requiring additional power support) or over-outputting (needing to reduce the equivalent grid-connected power), thus providing a precise compensation target and direction for subsequent coordinated frequency regulation control. In implementation, a real-time data acquisition system can be used to obtain the current AGC command and the operating status of the thermal power unit. Combined with the prediction model, the output power of the thermal power unit in the next H prediction steps can be predicted, and the predicted starting power of flywheel energy storage and electrically heated solid-state energy storage can be obtained. Then, these data are substituted into a preset power difference calculation formula for calculation. Alternatively, a prediction module based on historical operating data and machine learning algorithms can be established, which can directly output the power difference within the future prediction step given the AGC command and the thermal power unit status.

[0052] To correspond to the target power of the prediction step, it represents the total target power command issued by the power grid dispatch center to the power plant's energy system through the AGC system, and is the benchmark that the system needs to track. The power plant's control system receives and parses these commands, using them as the target input for coordinated frequency regulation control. In some simulation or test scenarios, It can also be generated from a preset AGC instruction curve or a simulator.

[0053] The predicted baseline equivalent grid-connected power without adding energy storage regulation is expressed as the power plant energy system's power output in the k-th control cycle without introducing additional flywheel energy storage or electrically heated solid-state energy storage regulation. The equivalent grid-connected power that each prediction step can provide. This value comprehensively considers the predicted output of the thermal power unit as well as the baseline power of the flywheel and electric heating at the prediction start point, and serves as a benchmark for evaluating the gap between the thermal power unit's response capability and the AGC command. This predicted baseline equivalent grid-connected power The composition is clearly defined as In the control algorithm, the data obtained from the thermal power unit prediction module will be used. Value, compared to the value obtained from the flywheel energy storage management system Values, and those obtained from the electrically heated solid-state energy storage management system. The values ​​are added or subtracted according to the formula.

[0054] To predict the flywheel power at the starting point, flywheel discharge is positive and charging is negative. This represents the power exchange that the flywheel energy storage system is undergoing at the start of the current control cycle. Its sign convention (positive for discharging, negative for charging) is consistent with the power flow direction of the power grid, i.e., power supplied to the grid is positive, and power absorbed from the grid is negative. This makes... It can be directly involved in the calculation of equivalent grid-connected power. Its value can be measured by the real-time power sensor of the flywheel energy storage system, or determined according to the current operating mode and power command of the flywheel energy storage control system.

[0055] The electric heating reference power is used to predict the starting point, and the electric heating power is defined according to the positive power consumption. This represents the baseline electrical power consumed by the electrically heated solid-state energy storage system at the start of the current control cycle. Its sign convention (positive for power consumption) is opposite to the power flow from the grid; that is, power absorbed from the grid is positive. Therefore, when calculating the equivalent grid-connected power, It needs to be added in negative form to reflect its load effect on the power grid. Its value can be measured by the real-time power metering device of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage system, or determined according to the current operating mode and heating power command of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage control system.

[0056] By analyzing the power difference The judgment, when When the value is greater than 0, it indicates that the predictive response of the thermal power unit is insufficient, and the equivalent on-grid power needs to be increased; when This indicates that the predicted output of the thermal power unit is higher than the target power, and the equivalent grid-connected power needs to be reduced. In the control logic, a conditional statement can be set based on... The positive or negative sign of the value triggers different control strategies or allocation algorithms.

[0057] It is understandable that introducing a predicted baseline equivalent grid power... Based on the concept, this application is able to convert the target power in the automatic power generation control command. With the predicted output power of thermal power units Predict the flywheel power at the starting point And the electric heating reference power at the predicted starting point A comprehensive correlation was established. This correlation constructed an index that reflects the real-time dynamic deviation between the equivalent grid-connected power and the target power of the power plant's energy system without the addition of energy storage for regulation. Through calculation The system can accurately quantify whether thermal power units will experience insufficient response or excessive output within a preset future timeframe. When the value is >0, it clearly indicates that the predictive response of the thermal power unit is insufficient and that the equivalent on-grid power needs to be increased; when When the value is less than 0, it explicitly indicates that the predicted output of the thermal power unit is higher than the target power, requiring a reduction in the equivalent grid-connected power. This effectively solves the problem in existing technologies where the lack of accurate assessment of the dynamic deviation between the actual response capability of the thermal power unit and the AGC command leads to the system's inability to accurately determine the response gap, resulting in incorrect power allocation direction or mismatch in compensation between energy storage and thermal power units. It provides clear and quantifiable power compensation targets and directions for the coordinated frequency regulation control of subsequent regulation units, significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of frequency regulation control of the entire power plant energy system.

[0058] In some embodiments, this application further proposes to decompose the power difference according to a preset time scale to obtain multiple power decomposition components, and each power decomposition component satisfies the following power balance relationship: ,in, For rapid energy shortages measured in seconds, flywheel energy storage will be the primary means of compensation. For shortages lasting from seconds to minutes, priority will be given to compensating through electrically heated solid-state energy storage. The slow remaining gap is filled by thermal power units within their effective ramping capacity; multiple power decomposition components are obtained according to a preset time scale by a combination of frequency band filtering, low-pass filtering, or constraint optimization.

[0059] Specifically, the power difference is decomposed according to a preset time scale to obtain multiple power decomposition components. This technical feature aims to decompose the total power difference calculated in the power plant energy system coordinated frequency regulation control method. The process involves refinement. Because the regulating units within a power plant's energy system, such as thermal power units, flywheel energy storage, and electrically heated solid-state energy storage, have different response speeds and regulation characteristics, directly allocating the total power difference to all units may lead to resource mismatch or inefficiency. Therefore, by decomposing the power difference according to a preset time scale, the corresponding regulation tasks can be assigned to the most suitable regulating units based on the power fluctuation characteristics at different time scales, thereby achieving refined and coordinated frequency regulation control.

[0060] Among them, the power balance switch ensures that at any prediction step The total power difference under control period k It can be completely decomposed into its components. , and Precise coverage. This means that during frequency modulation control, there will be no omissions or double calculations of power gaps, ensuring the integrity and accuracy of system power regulation. This decomposition method provides a theoretical basis for subsequently allocating gaps at different time scales to different regulation units.

[0061] For rapid energy shortages occurring on a second-by-second basis, flywheel energy storage will be the primary means of compensation. This represents rapid power fluctuations or gaps in a power plant's energy system on a timescale of seconds. These gaps are typically characterized by high frequency, short duration, and rapid amplitude changes. Flywheel energy storage, due to its extremely high power density, fast response capability, and long lifespan with frequent charge-discharge cycles, is ideally suited for compensating for these second-scale rapid gaps. This can be achieved by preferentially using flywheel energy storage for compensation. It can effectively suppress high-frequency disturbances in the system and maintain the stability of the power grid frequency.

[0062] For continuous energy shortages ranging from seconds to minutes, electric heating solid-state energy storage will be the primary means of compensation. This represents a persistent power deficit in a power plant's energy system on a timescale ranging from seconds to minutes. While these deficits last longer than rapid deficits, they are still faster than the typical response time of thermal power units. Electrically heated solid-state energy storage offers higher energy density and a relatively faster response time (compared to thermal power units), and its heating power can be flexibly adjusted. Therefore, electrically heated solid-state energy storage is the preferred method for compensation. This can effectively alleviate power imbalance in the mid-frequency band, buy time for the slow adjustment of thermal power units, and reduce the frequent operation of thermal power units.

[0063] The remaining gap due to slow speed will be filled by thermal power units within their effective climbing capacity. This represents the slow, long-term power gap that still exists after compensation by flywheel energy storage and electrically heated solid-state energy storage. Such gaps are typically a major component of long-term power imbalances in the system. While thermal power units have relatively slow response times, they possess enormous capacity and continuous regulation capabilities. Therefore, [the text abruptly ends here, likely due to an incomplete sentence or missing information]. Assigning power to thermal power units and ensuring that they take over within their effective ramping capacity can fully utilize the base load regulation and deep peak shaving capabilities of thermal power units, achieve the final compensation for the slow power gap in the system, and at the same time avoid mechanical losses caused by frequent and rapid adjustments of thermal power units.

[0064] Multiple power decomposition components are obtained according to a preset time scale using a combination of bandpass filtering, low-pass filtering, or constrained optimization. In bandpass filtering, a series of digital filters, such as high-pass, bandpass, and low-pass filters, can be designed to reduce the total power difference. It is decomposed into different frequency components. For example, a high-pass filter can be used to extract... Extract using a bandpass filter Extract using a low-pass filter The filter's cutoff frequency and bandwidth are set according to a preset time scale (e.g., seconds, minutes) to ensure that each component accurately reflects the power fluctuations at the corresponding time scale. In low-pass filter combination methods, low-pass filters with different cutoff frequencies can be used to measure the total power difference. Processing is then performed. For example, a signal containing fast and medium-speed components is obtained by passing it through a low-pass filter with a higher cutoff frequency, and then the slow component is obtained by passing it through a low-pass filter with a lower cutoff frequency. By differentiating or combining the signals, the components can be separated. , and This method can effectively filter out high-frequency noise and distinguish power changes at different speeds based on the time constant. In constrained optimization, an optimization model can be established to... , and As optimization variables, the optimization objective can be to minimize the decomposition error or to satisfy the power balance relationship. Under the premise of considering the response characteristics, capacity limitations, and operating costs of each regulating unit, time-scale-related constraints are introduced, for example, for Apply a rapid rate of change constraint to By imposing a slow rate of change constraint, the optimal power decomposition components can be obtained. Commonly used optimization algorithms include linear programming, quadratic programming, or model predictive control.

[0065] It is understandable that, through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the problem of mismatch between the response speed and regulation capacity of regulation units caused by the lack of clear power allocation logic and time scale division standards during the coordinated frequency regulation of power plant energy systems. Specifically, by decomposing the total power difference into second-level rapid gaps, second-to-minute-level continuous gaps, and slow-speed residual gaps according to a preset time scale, this application achieves refined decoupling of the frequency regulation task. This allows flywheel energy storage, electrically heated solid-state energy storage, and thermal power units to undertake tasks best suited to their response speed and regulation capacity based on their inherent characteristics. Flywheel energy storage, with its rapid response capability, can efficiently compensate for high-frequency, short-term second-level rapid gaps, thereby quickly smoothing out grid frequency fluctuations. Electrically heated solid-state energy storage, with its relatively fast response speed and energy storage capacity, effectively copes with longer-duration second-to-minute-level continuous gaps, reducing the regulation burden on thermal power units. Thermal power units, on the other hand, focus on handling slow-speed residual gaps, fully leveraging their advantages of large capacity and long-term regulation, and smoothly taking over within their effective ramp-up capability range. Therefore, this application avoids the blind investment and redundant compensation of regulation resources in different frequency bands, significantly improving the overall frequency regulation efficiency and response quality of the power plant energy system. By obtaining power decomposition components through methods such as band filtering, low-pass filtering combinations, or constraint optimization, the accuracy and real-time nature of the decomposition are ensured, making the coordination of various regulation units more precise and efficient. Ultimately, this improves the adaptability and stability of the power plant energy system to grid frequency fluctuations, while reducing the operating losses and resource waste of regulation units.

[0066] In some embodiments, this application further proposes a coordinated frequency regulation control method for power plant energy systems, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the method includes: Step S301: Collect operational data from various regulating units within the power plant's energy system. These regulating units include thermal power units, flywheel energy storage, and electrically heated solid-state energy storage. (See details...) Figure 1 Step S101 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0067] Step S302: Based on operating data, predict the predicted output power of the thermal power unit within a preset step size. Specifically, this includes: Step S3021: Predict the output power based on a thermal power response model with effective ramping capability, a thermal power prediction model with response lag, or a data-driven model. See details. Figure 2 Step S2021 in the embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0068] Step S303: Calculate the power difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the predicted baseline equivalent grid-connected power without additional energy storage regulation, and decompose the power difference according to a preset time scale to obtain multiple power decomposition components. (See details...) Figure 1 Step S103 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0069] Step S304 involves performing frequency regulation control on each regulating unit in the power plant's energy system based on multiple power decomposition components. Specifically, this includes: Step S3041: Construct the frequency modulation control optimization objective function and control variables.

[0070] Step S3042: Based on the frequency regulation control optimization objective function, frequency regulation control is performed on the thermal power unit, flywheel energy storage and electric heating solid energy storage respectively.

[0071] The control variables include: ,in, Let be the power regulation of the i-th flywheel energy storage module. For the heating power adjustment of the j-th electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, This represents the overall power adjustment increment for thermal power units; The objective function for frequency modulation control optimization includes: ; in, For the prediction window, the first The equivalent network power tracking error for each prediction step, , , and These are penalties for flywheel state of charge deviation, thermal storage state deviation, thermal power unit operation, and turbine regulating valve disturbance. Non-negative weights; If the system includes a flywheel module, then ,in, This refers to the flywheel compensation weighting coefficient; If the system includes multiple flywheel modules, then ,in, This is the adjustment command for the i-th flywheel relative to the predicted starting point reference power; The total compensation adjustment of flywheel energy storage satisfies the following constraints: Power regulation constraint: ,in, and These represent the available margins for increasing charging power and increasing discharging power for the i-th flywheel under the current base power and state of charge, respectively. State of charge constraints: ; ,in, , and These are discharge efficiency and charging efficiency, respectively. Rated energy, and These are the lower safety limit and the upper safety limit, respectively. Retain a primary frequency modulation reserve constraint: , ; , ;in, and Reserved for discharge and charge power, in MW; and To correspond to sustainable energy; If the system includes an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, then ,in, The weighting coefficient for electric heating energy storage compensation; If the system includes multiple electrically heated solid-state energy storage units, then ,in, This is the power adjustment command for the j-th electric heating unit; The total adjustable power of electric heating solid-state energy storage heating meets the following constraints: Heating power adjustment constraint: ,in, The heating power margin can be increased for the j-th electric heating unit. The heating power margin can be reduced for the j-th set of electric heating units; Predicted temperature constraints: ,in, For the j-th thermal storage body in the first The highest temperature predicted in each step The maximum allowable temperature limit for thermal storage materials; Predicted temperature gradient constraints: ,in, For the j-th thermal storage body in the first The maximum temperature gradient in each prediction step The maximum allowable temperature gradient limit; , , ; ,and ,

[0072] in, Let be the thermal storage state vector. This is the state prediction function identified through a thermal balance model or operating data. For ambient temperature, This is the maximum total heating power that can be allocated to electric heating solid energy storage after deducting other plant power loads; , , in, It is a saturation function; ,in, Let i be the reference target state of charge for the i-th flywheel; ,in, and For dimensionless weights, To allow for temperature deviation; ,in, Rated power of thermal power units; ,in, and For dimensionless weights, As a reference for normalizing the frequency of the regulating gate action, To allow for opening deviation.

[0073] Specifically, this method first constructs the frequency modulation control optimization objective function and control variables. The frequency modulation control optimization objective function is a mathematical expression that measures the quality of the control strategy, typically including multiple interdependent performance indicators, such as tracking error, operating cost, and equipment losses. The control variables are the quantities that the optimization algorithm needs to determine; they directly affect the system's operating state and the value of the objective function. Various mathematical optimization methods can be used to construct the objective function. For example, it can be based on a model predictive control (MPC) framework, incorporating the system's dynamic behavior and constraints over a future period to form a rolling optimization objective function; alternatively, a heuristic algorithm can be used, defining a series of rules and priorities to construct the objective function and control variables to achieve the desired frequency modulation effect under different operating scenarios.

[0074] control variables include , and These control variables are the decision outputs of the optimization algorithm; they represent the decision values ​​at each control cycle k and prediction step. Within this, the power adjustment range that each regulating unit needs to perform.

[0075] The objective function J for frequency modulation control aims to minimize the sum of the following terms. Minimizing J means seeking an optimal sequence of control variables over the entire prediction window H. This results in an equivalent power tracking error E. track Minimize, while the flywheel state of charge D fw Thermal storage state D th Thermal power unit operation D unitAnd turbine control valve disturbance C valve The deviation or penalty is also minimized. Non-negative weights It allows for adjusting the priority and importance of various objectives based on actual operational needs and equipment characteristics.

[0076] In the frequency regulation control of flywheel energy storage, the total compensation regulation of flywheel energy storage must meet a series of constraints to ensure its safe and efficient operation. These constraints include power regulation constraints, which limit the instantaneous charging and discharging power of flywheel energy storage to not exceed its physical limits and the available margin under the current operating state, preventing equipment overload. State of charge (SOC) constraints ensure that the flywheel's SOC is always maintained within the safe operating range, avoiding damage due to over-discharge or efficiency degradation due to overcharging. A primary frequency regulation reserve constraint requires that while participating in coordinated frequency regulation, flywheel energy storage must reserve a portion of power and energy to respond to sudden primary frequency regulation demands, ensuring the stability and reliability of the power grid.

[0077] For frequency regulation control of electrically heated solid-state energy storage, the total adjustment of the heating power also meets a series of constraints to ensure its safe and stable operation. These constraints include a heating power adjustment constraint, which limits the adjustment range of the heating power of the electric heating unit to ensure its operation within physical and electrical limitations. A predicted temperature constraint requires that the maximum temperature of the storage medium cannot exceed the maximum allowable temperature limit of the material, preventing overheating damage or performance degradation of the storage material. A predicted temperature gradient constraint limits the temperature gradient inside the storage medium to not exceed the maximum allowable temperature gradient limit, to avoid cracking of the storage material or structural damage due to excessive thermal stress.

[0078] , , These functions are used to predict the internal state of the thermal reservoir. They can be modeled based on a detailed thermal balance model or identified and trained using historical operating data. ,and , in, Let be the thermal storage state vector. This is the state prediction function identified through a thermal balance model or operating data. For ambient temperature, This is the maximum total heating power that can be allocated to electric heating solid energy storage after deducting other plant power loads.

[0079] After initial compensation from flywheel energy storage and electrically heated solid-state energy storage, the remaining power is calculated. This remaining shortfall needs to be covered by thermal power units. The power regulation increment of thermal power units... The constraint is imposed by the saturation function sat(·), i.e. The saturation function ensures that the adjustment amount of the thermal power unit does not exceed its current control cycle k and predicted step. Effective uphill speed within and effective downhill / climbing speed The permitted range ensures that the adjustment commands of the thermal power unit are executable.

[0080] To further refine and optimize the objective, the objective function also includes specific penalty terms. .

[0081] in, Let be the reference target state of charge for the i-th flywheel. This penalty term quantifies the deviation of the flywheel's energy storage state of charge from its reference target. By incorporating this information into the objective function, the optimizer is guided to select control strategies that bring the flywheel's state of charge as close as possible to the reference value.

[0082] ,in, and For dimensionless weights, To allow for temperature deviations.

[0083] This penalty factor takes into account the degree to which the maximum temperature of electrically heated solid energy storage deviates from the reference temperature, as well as the ratio of the maximum temperature gradient to its limit. By minimizing this factor, damage to the thermal storage material due to excessively high temperature or excessive temperature gradient can be effectively avoided. ,in, The rated power of the thermal power unit. This penalty term quantifies the magnitude of the power regulation increment of the thermal power unit. By incorporating it into the objective function, the optimizer will tend to select strategies that can reduce large power regulation of the thermal power unit. ,in, and For dimensionless weights, As a reference for normalizing the frequency of the regulating gate action, To allow for opening deviation. This penalty is designed to suppress frequent operation and large opening deviations of the turbine control valve, thereby reducing mechanical wear.

[0084] It is understood that, through the above technical solution, this application can effectively solve the problem in existing technologies where coordinated frequency regulation struggles to balance system tracking accuracy, equipment lifespan, and energy storage state of charge balance. Specifically, by constructing a comprehensive optimization objective function that includes equivalent grid power tracking error, flywheel state of charge deviation penalty, thermal storage state of charge deviation penalty, thermal power unit operation penalty, and turbine valve disturbance penalty, and introducing corresponding non-negative weights, frequency regulation control no longer solely pursues power balance but comprehensively considers system performance and equipment health. During the solution process, the optimizer weighs various indicators to generate optimal control variables, namely, the power regulation of the flywheel energy storage module, the heating power regulation of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit, and the overall power regulation increment of the thermal power unit. The power regulation constraints, state of charge constraints, and primary frequency regulation reserve constraints of the flywheel energy storage ensure that while the flywheel can respond quickly to second-level power gaps, its state of charge remains within a safe range, avoiding the impact of overcharging and over-discharging on equipment lifespan, and reserving necessary emergency backup capabilities, thus enhancing system reliability. The constraints on heating power regulation, predicted temperature, and predicted temperature gradient of electrically heated solid-state energy storage, combined with the thermal storage state prediction function, effectively prevent damage to the thermal storage material due to excessively high temperatures or large temperature gradients when compensating for continuous gaps ranging from seconds to minutes, ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment. The power regulation increment of the thermal power unit is limited to its effective ramp-up capability through a saturation function, avoiding issuing commands exceeding its response capacity and reducing frequent large-amplitude unit movements. Simultaneously, by penalizing the frequency and opening deviation of the turbine control valves, frequent valve movements are effectively suppressed, reducing mechanical wear and disturbances, and improving the stability and economy of the thermal power unit operation. Overall, this optimized control method, while meeting the power plant's energy system's tracking requirements for automatic generation control commands, achieves refined coordination among thermal power units, flywheel energy storage, and electrically heated solid-state energy storage, effectively balancing frequency regulation accuracy, equipment lifespan, and operating costs, significantly improving the overall operating efficiency, stability, and economy of the power plant's energy system.

[0085] In some embodiments, this application further proposes that the method also includes: when the upward or downward adjustment capacity of flywheel energy storage, electrically heated solid energy storage, and thermal power units cannot meet the corresponding thermal power response gap, calculating the current available upward adjustment capacity, the current available downward adjustment capacity, and the derating factor respectively; and performing frequency regulation control on each regulating unit in the power plant energy system based on the current available upward adjustment capacity, the current available downward adjustment capacity, and the derating factor; wherein the current available upward adjustment capacity and the current available downward adjustment capacity are calculated in the following manner: ; ; in, and These respectively meet the requirements for backup power and backup energy; When to choose , When to choose Each item is represented by a positive amplitude; The reduction factor is calculated as follows: when hour, ;when hour, ,in, according to Direction selection or The power commands of each regulating unit are in accordance with... Scaling, or reallocation by an optimizer that satisfies available capacity constraints.

[0086] Specifically, when the upward or downward regulation capabilities of flywheel energy storage, electrically heated solid-state energy storage, and thermal power units cannot meet the corresponding thermal power response gap, this conditional judgment aims to identify potential insufficient regulation capabilities in the power plant energy system during coordinated frequency regulation. Thermal power response gap This refers to the power difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the predicted baseline equivalent grid-connected power without additional energy storage regulation. This condition is triggered when this power difference is large and exceeds the combined maximum adjustable range of all regulating units within the system (thermal power units, flywheel energy storage, and electrically heated solid-state energy storage). Its function is to provide early warning and initiate subsequent capacity assessment and derating mechanisms to avoid issuing control commands that exceed physical limits. In practical applications, this can be achieved through real-time monitoring. The absolute value is compared with the preset upper limit of the system's total regulation capacity. If... If the absolute value exceeds this upper limit, the regulation capacity is considered insufficient. Alternatively, within each control cycle, first, based on the current operating status and available margin of each regulation unit, estimate the maximum total available regulation capacity of the system in the current direction (upward or downward), and then compare this total available capacity with... If a comparison is made, If the total available capacity is exceeded, this condition will be triggered.

[0087] Building upon this, this application further proposes calculating the current upward adjustment of available capacity, the current downward adjustment of available capacity, and the reduction factor, respectively. Calculation of the current upward adjustment of available capacity. and the current reduction in available capacity The aim is to quantify the maximum adjustable potential of a system in a specific direction. (Depreciation factor) This is used to reasonably scale or redistribute control commands when the overall regulation capacity is insufficient, ensuring that the commands remain within physical boundaries. For and The calculation can also be performed using more complex optimization models that take into account the dynamic response characteristics, efficiency curves, and lifetime attrition models of each regulating unit to obtain a more accurate assessment of available capacity. Alternatively, methods based on historical operating data and machine learning models can be used to analyze the actual regulating performance of each regulating unit under different operating conditions and predict its available capacity at the current moment. Regarding the derating factor... The calculation can also employ continuous functions, such as the sigmoid function or the exponential decay function, to make the derating process smoother and avoid abrupt changes at the critical point; alternatively, the derating coefficient calculation can be combined with fuzzy logic control, based on... The depreciation factor is dynamically adjusted based on the size and available capacity margin to achieve more precise control.

[0088] Finally, based on the current available capacity for upward adjustment, the current available capacity for downward adjustment, and the derating factor, frequency regulation control is performed on each regulating unit in the power plant's energy system. This step is crucial for the actual execution of frequency regulation control commands. After calculating the system's actual available capacity and derating factor, this information needs to be integrated into the specific frequency regulation control strategy to generate the final power command for each regulating unit. Its purpose is to ensure that the issued control commands are executable and can maximize the utilization of existing regulating resources while avoiding over-limit operation. When the derating factor... When the value is less than 1, the power commands of each regulating unit that were originally calculated can be directly multiplied by 1. Perform proportional scaling to ensure the total instructions match the system's available capacity. Alternatively, adjust the derating factor. When the value is less than 1, a secondary optimizer can be started. This optimizer reallocates the power commands of each regulation unit while satisfying the total available capacity constraint. It also considers factors such as the operating cost, lifespan loss, and response speed of each unit to achieve better resource allocation.

[0089] It is understandable that by introducing capacity assessment and derating control mechanisms, this application can perceive the physical boundaries of the power plant energy system in real time during coordinated frequency regulation and make adaptive adjustments. Specifically, when the system faces extreme load fluctuations or the capacity of the regulating units is limited, resulting in the total regulating capacity of all regulating units not being able to fully cover the thermal power response gap, this application can accurately calculate the current available capacity for upward and downward adjustments. The calculation of these available capacities comprehensively considers the remaining discharge / charging power of flywheel energy storage, the heating / reduction power margin of electrically heated solid energy storage, and the effective ramp-up / ramp-down rates of thermal power units, thereby truly quantifying the maximum adjustable potential of the system in a specific direction. On this basis, this application further introduces a derating factor. When the absolute value of the thermal power response shortfall exceeds the total system availability, the derating factor... The value will be less than 1. At this time, the power commands of each regulating unit will be issued according to... The system scales up or reallocates commands via an optimizer. This mechanism effectively transforms excessive commands beyond physical limits into those within the system's tolerance range, preventing equipment overload or control logic failure. Therefore, even under severe operating conditions, this application ensures that all regulating units work collaboratively within safe boundaries, significantly improving the robustness and stability of frequency regulation control, effectively solving the control failure problem caused by insufficient regulation capacity, and guaranteeing the safe and stable operation of the power plant's energy system.

[0090] In some embodiments, this application further proposes a coordinated frequency regulation control method for a power plant energy system, the method further comprising: when and At that time, the compensation adjustment of the flywheel energy storage is smoothly withdrawn to zero, and the heating power adjustment of the electric heating solid energy storage is restored to zero, so that the actual heating power is restored to the reference value.

[0091] Continue monitoring the equivalent grid-connected power and perform the steps of collecting operating data from each regulating unit in the power plant's energy system.

[0092] The control of flywheel energy storage to exit power compensation is achieved in the following way: ,in, The exit slope is set; during the exit period, the equivalent grid-connected power continues to be monitored, and if the deviation exceeds the limit again, the exit is paused and the rolling allocation is resumed; the heating power adjustment of the electrically heated solid energy storage is controlled to recover to zero and the actual heating power is restored to the reference value, through the following methods: ,in, To restore the slope.

[0093] Specifically, when the judgment condition and When established, it indicates that the power plant's energy system has essentially reached a steady state of power balance, at which point the need for rapid compensation from energy storage units decreases. This condition is crucial for triggering the smooth withdrawal and recovery of energy storage, ensuring that the withdrawal mechanism is only activated when the overall system power balance reaches a preset stable state, thus avoiding premature or unnecessary withdrawal. This condition can be determined by real-time monitoring of the equivalent grid-connected power. Target power in automatic generation control command The deviation between them, and the power difference between the target power and the predicted baseline equivalent grid-connected power without the addition of energy storage regulation. and compare it with a preset threshold. and This is achieved through comparison. These thresholds can be set based on the accuracy requirements of system operation, power grid stability standards, or the results of historical operating data analysis. Alternatively, the statistical characteristics (such as mean and variance) of the aforementioned deviations and power differences can be analyzed, or a fuzzy logic controller can be used to comprehensively determine whether the system has entered a steady state.

[0094] After satisfying the above steady-state conditions, the system will smoothly exit the flywheel energy storage compensation regulation to zero. This process aims to ensure that after completing the frequency regulation task, the power output of the flywheel energy storage unit can gradually decrease to zero in a controlled manner, rather than being suddenly interrupted, thereby avoiding impact on the power grid. Specifically, this can be achieved by introducing a ramp function generator into the control system, based on a preset exit slope. In each control cycle Within, gradually reduce the compensation and adjustment amount of flywheel energy storage. until it becomes zero.

[0095] Simultaneously, the system will control the heating power adjustment of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit to recover to zero, restoring the actual heating power to the reference value. This step ensures that after completing the frequency regulation task, the heating power adjustment of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit can smoothly recover to zero, allowing the actual heating power to return to its reference operating state, thus preparing for subsequent frequency regulation needs. Similar to the exit mechanism of flywheel energy storage, a ramp function generator can be used, based on a preset recovery slope. In each control cycle Within the system, gradually reduce the heating power adjustment amount of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage. This continues until the actual heating power becomes zero, thus restoring the actual heating power to the reference value.

[0096] Throughout the entire exit and recovery process, the system continues to monitor the equivalent grid-connected power and executes steps to collect operational data from various regulating units within the power plant's energy system. This continuous monitoring mechanism ensures that the system maintains real-time awareness of its operating status during energy storage exit and recovery, enabling timely responses to changes in operating conditions and maintaining stable system operation. This can be achieved by continuously calling the data acquisition module within the main loop of the control system to obtain real-time operational data such as power, state of charge, and temperature from thermal power units, flywheel energy storage, and electrically heated solid-state energy storage, and storing or using this data for subsequent judgment and control. Alternatively, independent monitoring threads or tasks can be set up to continuously collect key operating parameters at a higher sampling frequency and interact with the main control logic, ensuring the real-time nature and independence of the monitoring.

[0097] The specific method for controlling the flywheel energy storage to exit power compensation is as follows: ,in, The formula defines the exit slope. It achieves a smooth exit by gradually decreasing the absolute value of the compensation while maintaining its direction. More importantly, during the exit process, the system continues to monitor the equivalent grid power. If the deviation exceeds the limit again, the exit process will be immediately paused and rolled allocation will resume. This demonstrates the robustness of closed-loop control, ensuring that the exit can be stopped and re-engaged in coordinated frequency regulation in a timely manner when system operating conditions change abruptly.

[0098] The specific method for controlling the adjustment of the heating power of electrically heated solid-state energy storage to zero and restoring the actual heating power to the reference value is as follows: ,in, To restore the slope, this formula also gradually reduces the absolute value of the adjustment to smoothly return it to the reference state, avoiding sudden changes in power.

[0099] It is understood that, through the above technical solution, this application introduces a steady-state exit mechanism, enabling the smooth exit of energy storage units after the system's frequency regulation requirements are met, effectively solving the power fluctuation problem that may occur at the end of the frequency regulation process. By judging whether the equivalent grid power deviation and the power difference are simultaneously within a preset threshold range, it is possible to accurately identify whether the system has entered a steady state, thereby triggering the energy storage exit logic and ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the exit operation. By using the exit slope to gradually control the compensation adjustment amount of flywheel energy storage, the flywheel output power can be smoothly reduced to zero at a controlled rate, avoiding the power step caused by the sudden cessation of energy storage compensation and ensuring the continuity of power output on the grid side. By controlling the heating power adjustment amount of electrically heated solid energy storage to zero through the recovery slope control, and returning the actual heating power to the reference value, it is ensured that the thermal energy storage system can smoothly return to the initial operating state, reserving sufficient adjustment space for the next frequency regulation requirement. Furthermore, the continuous monitoring of equivalent grid-connected power during the shutdown period and the inclusion of interruption and return mechanisms in case of deviation exceeding limits demonstrate the robustness of closed-loop control. This ensures that the shutdown process can be immediately stopped and coordinated frequency regulation can be reinstated in the event of sudden changes in system operating conditions, guaranteeing the reliable operation of the power plant's energy system under all operating conditions. Based on accurate prediction, optimized allocation, and dynamic compensation, this scheme further improves the closed-loop management of frequency regulation control, achieving full-process optimization from frequency regulation response to steady-state shutdown, and enhancing the overall performance of coordinated frequency regulation for the entire power plant's energy system.

[0100] In one example, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the above technical solution will be explained in more detail through a more specific example: A power plant energy system includes a thermal power unit, a flywheel energy storage system, and an electrically heated solid-state energy storage system. The power plant needs to respond to automatic generation control (AGC) commands from the power grid to maintain grid frequency stability.

[0101] First, the control system continuously collects operational data from various regulating units in the power plant's energy system. This data includes real-time power generation, main steam pressure, main steam temperature, real-time turbine valve opening, and boiler combustion characteristics of the thermal power units; state of charge and power output of the flywheel energy storage system; and internal temperature and heating power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit.

[0102] Next, based on this operational data, the control system predicts the output power of the thermal power unit within a preset future step. For example, the system uses a thermal power response model with effective ramp-up capability for prediction. This model dynamically corrects the rated ramp-up and rated ramp-down rates of the thermal power unit based on real-time operating parameters such as main steam pressure, main steam temperature, valve opening, and boiler combustion status, to obtain the effective ramp-up rate. and effective downhill / climbing speed For example, when the main steam pressure is low or the regulating valve operates frequently, the correction factor will reduce the effective ramp rate, thereby more accurately predicting the actual responsive power of the thermal power unit under the current operating conditions. This avoids the problems of excessive, insufficient, or incorrect energy storage compensation caused by the lack of prediction of the actual response capability of thermal power units in existing technologies. It also solves the defect of inaccurate energy storage allocation strategy caused by treating the ramp-up capability of thermal power units as a fixed value.

[0103] Then, the control system calculates the target power in the automatic power generation control command. Equivalent grid-connected power based on the forecast baseline without additional energy storage regulation power difference between .in, It is based on the predicted output power of thermal power units. And the predicted flywheel power at the starting point 0 and electric heating reference power Calculated power difference The "gap" of insufficient predictive response or excessive output of thermal power units is clearly defined as the precise target for collaborative compensation between energy storage systems and thermal power units. This differs from existing technologies where energy storage directly follows AGC commands, avoiding problems such as unclear compensation targets, ambiguous compensation directions, or duplicate compensation.

[0104] The system then uses this power difference. The power is decomposed according to a preset time scale, resulting in multiple power decomposition components. For example, Decomposed into a rapid gap on the order of seconds A persistent gap ranging from seconds to minutes and slow remaining gap This decomposition can be obtained through band filtering or constraint optimization, allowing adjustment units with different response characteristics to be compensated in a targeted manner.

[0105] Finally, based on these power decomposition components, the system performs frequency regulation control on each regulating unit in the power plant's energy system. The control process is achieved by constructing a frequency regulation control optimization objective function, which comprehensively considers the equivalent grid power tracking error, flywheel state of charge deviation penalty, thermal storage state of charge deviation penalty, thermal power unit operation penalty, and turbine regulating valve disturbance penalty. Specifically: Flywheel energy storage systems prioritize compensating for rapid energy shortages down to the second level. The system calculates the power regulation command for the flywheel energy storage module based on the power regulation constraints, state of charge constraints, and primary frequency regulation reserve constraints. For example, if the system includes a flywheel module, its adjustment amount... Set as This ensures that the flywheel can respond quickly while maintaining its state of charge within a safe range and reserving necessary backup power.

[0106] The electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit prioritizes compensating for a persistent energy gap P_gap^mid(k,l) ranging from seconds to minutes. The system calculates the electric heating power regulation command based on the heating power regulation constraints, predicted temperature constraints, and predicted temperature gradient constraints of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. For example, if the system includes an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, its regulation amount... Set as By adjusting the heating power, electrical energy is absorbed or released, while ensuring that the temperature of the heat storage body and the temperature gradient do not exceed the allowable limits, thus ensuring the safe operation of the equipment.

[0107] Thermal power units then fill the remaining gap caused by slow operation. And the remaining power after compensation from flywheel and electric heating energy storage Incremental power regulation of thermal power units It is limited to its effective ramping capability. This mechanism enables the gradual replacement of energy storage compensation by thermal power units, solving the problem of neglecting the gradual replacement process of energy storage compensation by thermal power units in existing schemes. At the same time, the turbine control valve disturbance penalty term included in the optimized objective function is used to penalize the frequency and opening deviation of the control valve, thereby prompting the energy storage system to undertake more rapid fluctuation compensation, thus suppressing the mechanical disturbances caused by the frequent operation of the control valve of the thermal power unit.

[0108] Furthermore, when the available capacity of flywheel energy storage, electrically heated solid-state energy storage, and thermal power units cannot meet the corresponding thermal power response gap, the system will calculate whether to increase or decrease the available capacity and calculate a derating factor based on this. This derating factor is used to scale the power commands of each regulating unit to ensure that the actual command does not exceed the overall available capacity of the power plant.

[0109] When the deviation between the equivalent grid-connected power and the AGC target power, as well as the power difference, are both within preset thresholds, the system will initiate a smooth exit mechanism. The compensation adjustment of flywheel energy storage and the heating power adjustment of electrically heated solid energy storage will smoothly recover to zero according to preset exit and recovery slopes. This avoids the problem in existing technologies where sudden exit of energy storage after thermal power tracking leads to abrupt changes in the equivalent grid-connected power, ensuring the stability of system operation. During the exit period, the system will continue to monitor the equivalent grid-connected power. If the deviation exceeds the limit again, the exit will be paused and the system will return to rolling allocation to ensure frequency regulation effectiveness.

[0110] Through the aforementioned coordinated frequency regulation control method, the power plant's energy system can accurately predict the actual response capability of thermal power units, dynamically correct their ramp-up capability, identify the compensation targets of energy storage, and achieve effective replacement between thermal power and energy storage, suppression of regulation disturbances, and smooth withdrawal of energy storage, thereby significantly improving the power plant's frequency regulation performance and operational reliability.

[0111] This embodiment also provides a coordinated frequency regulation control device for a power plant energy system. This device is used to implement the above embodiments and preferred embodiments, and details already described will not be repeated. As used below, the term "module" can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0112] This embodiment provides a coordinated frequency regulation control device for a power plant energy system, such as... Figure 6 As shown, it includes: The data acquisition module 601 is used to acquire the operating data of various regulating units in the power plant energy system, including thermal power units, flywheel energy storage and electrically heated solid energy storage. Prediction module 602 is used to predict the output power of thermal power units within a preset step size based on operating data. The decomposition module 603 is used to calculate the power difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the predicted benchmark equivalent grid-connected power without adding energy storage regulation, and decompose the power difference according to a preset time scale to obtain multiple power decomposition components. The control module 604 is used to perform frequency regulation control on each regulating unit in the power plant energy system based on multiple power decomposition components.

[0113] The coordinated frequency regulation control device for power plant energy systems provided in this application can execute the coordinated frequency regulation control method for power plant energy systems provided in any embodiment of this application, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects for executing the method. Further functional descriptions of the above modules and units are the same as those in the corresponding embodiments described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0114] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0115] The following is a detailed reference. Figure 7 The diagram illustrates a structural schematic suitable for implementing the electronic device described in the embodiments of this application. The electronic device may include a processor (e.g., a central processing unit, graphics processor, etc.) 701, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in read-only memory (ROM) 702 or a program loaded from memory 708 into random access memory (RAM) 703. The RAM 703 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device. The processor 701, ROM 702, and RAM 703 are interconnected via a bus 704. An input / output (I / O) interface 705 is also connected to the bus 704.

[0116] Typically, the following devices can be connected to I / O interface 705: input devices 706 including, for example, touchscreens, touchpads, keyboards, mice, cameras, microphones, accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.; output devices 707 including, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), speakers, vibrators, etc.; memory devices 708 including, for example, magnetic tapes, hard disks, etc.; and communication devices 709. Communication device 709 allows electronic devices to exchange data via wireless or wired communication with other devices. Although Figure 7 Electronic devices with various devices are shown, but it should be understood that it is not required to implement or have all of the devices shown, and more or fewer devices may be implemented or have instead.

[0117] Specifically, according to embodiments of this application, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of this application include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via communication device 709, or installed from memory 708, or installed from ROM 702. When the computer program is executed by processor 701, it performs the functions defined in the coordinated frequency regulation control method for a power plant energy system according to embodiments of this application.

[0118] Figure 7 The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitation on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of this application.

[0119] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The methods described in this application can be implemented in hardware or firmware, or implemented as computer code that can be recorded on a storage medium, or implemented as computer code downloaded via a network and originally stored on a remote storage medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and then stored on a local storage medium. Thus, the methods described herein can be processed by software stored on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory, random access memory, flash memory, hard disk, or solid-state drive, etc.; further, the storage medium can also include combinations of the above types of memory. It is understood that computers, processors, microprocessor controllers, or programmable hardware include storage components capable of storing or receiving software or computer code. When the software or computer code is accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, the coordinated frequency regulation control method for the power plant energy system shown in the above embodiments is implemented.

[0120] A portion of this application can be applied as a computer program product, such as computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, can invoke or provide the methods and / or technical solutions according to this application through the operation of the computer. Those skilled in the art will understand that the forms in which computer program instructions exist in a computer-readable medium include, but are not limited to, source files, executable files, installation package files, etc. Correspondingly, the ways in which computer program instructions are executed by a computer include, but are not limited to: the computer directly executing the instructions, or the computer compiling the instructions and then executing the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reading and executing the instructions, or the computer reading and installing the instructions and then executing the corresponding installed program. Here, the computer-readable medium can be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium accessible to a computer.

[0121] Although embodiments of this application have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of this application, and all such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for coordinated frequency regulation control of a power plant energy system, characterized in that, The method includes: The operation data of each regulating unit in the power plant energy system are collected, wherein each regulating unit includes thermal power units, flywheel energy storage and electrically heated solid energy storage; Based on the operating data, predict the predicted output power of the thermal power unit within a preset step size; Calculate the power difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the predicted benchmark equivalent grid-connected power without adding energy storage regulation, and decompose the power difference according to a preset time scale to obtain multiple power decomposition components; Frequency regulation control is performed on each regulating unit in the power plant energy system based on multiple power decomposition components.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prediction of the thermal power unit's output power within a preset step size based on the operating data includes: The predicted output power is predicted using a thermal power response model based on effective ramping capability, a thermal power prediction model with response lag, or a data-driven model. The thermal power plant response model for effective climbing ability includes: ;in, , and They are respectively the kth control period and the th The effective uphill rate and effective downhill rate for each predicted step; The target power command is issued to the thermal power unit in accordance with the corresponding prediction step; , ; and These are the rated uphill speed and the rated downhill speed, respectively. The dimensionless correction coefficient corresponding to the operating state and satisfying The correction coefficient is determined by the equipment's rated parameters, historical operating data, or online identification results; For the kth control cycle, the first... The predicted power generation for each prediction step This is the current control cycle number. This refers to the prediction step number; To control cycle duration; For the kth control cycle, the first... Predicted power generation in each prediction step; The thermal power prediction model with response lag includes: ,in, This refers to the power command issued to the thermal power unit in the k-th cycle. For the effective response time constant, and The predicted power generation of thermal power units in the k-th and k+1-th periods are respectively. ,in, As the reference response time constant, , , and These are the dimensionless positive correction coefficients corresponding to main steam pressure, main steam temperature, valve status, and boiler combustion status, respectively. The data-driven model includes: ,in, , ,in, The predictive model is obtained by training on historical data or online identification. For model parameters, The length of the history input window. To predict the number of steps; , , , , , and These are, respectively, boiler combustion state characteristic quantities, valve operating frequency per unit time, turbine valve real-time opening, unit real-time main steam temperature, unit real-time main steam pressure, thermal power unit generating power, and target power in automatic power generation control commands.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the predicted baseline equivalent grid-connected power without additional energy storage regulation is obtained by the following formula: ,in, For the kth control cycle, the first... The power difference of each prediction step. To correspond to the target power of the prediction step, To avoid increasing the predicted baseline equivalent grid-connected power for energy storage regulation, ; To predict the flywheel power at the starting point; The electric heating reference power is used to predict the starting point.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power difference is decomposed according to a preset time scale to obtain multiple power decomposition components, and each power decomposition component satisfies the following power balance relationship: ,in, For rapid energy shortages measured in seconds, flywheel energy storage will be the primary means of compensation. For shortages lasting from seconds to minutes, priority will be given to compensating through electrically heated solid-state energy storage. The remaining slow-speed gap is filled by thermal power units within their effective ramping capacity; the multiple power decomposition components are obtained according to a preset time scale by a combination of frequency band filtering, low-pass filtering, or constraint optimization.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frequency regulation control of each regulating unit in the power plant energy system based on multiple power decomposition components includes: Construct the objective function and control variables for frequency modulation control optimization; Based on the frequency regulation control optimization objective function, frequency regulation control is performed on the thermal power unit, the flywheel energy storage and the electrically heated solid energy storage respectively; The control variables include: ,in, Let be the power regulation of the i-th flywheel energy storage module. For the heating power adjustment of the j-th electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, This represents the overall power adjustment increment for thermal power units; The frequency modulation control optimization objective function includes: ； in, For the prediction window, the first The equivalent network power tracking error for each prediction step, , , and These are penalties for flywheel state of charge deviation, thermal storage state deviation, thermal power unit operation, and turbine regulating valve disturbance. Non-negative weights; If the system includes a flywheel module, then ,in, This refers to the flywheel compensation weighting coefficient; If the system includes multiple flywheel modules, then ,in, This is the adjustment command for the i-th flywheel relative to the predicted starting point reference power; The total compensation adjustment of flywheel energy storage satisfies the following constraints: Power regulation constraint: ,in, and These represent the available margins for increasing charging power and increasing discharging power for the i-th flywheel under the current base power and state of charge, respectively. State of charge constraints: ; ,in, , and These are discharge efficiency and charging efficiency, respectively. Rated energy, and These are the lower safety limit and the upper safety limit, respectively. Retain a primary frequency modulation reserve constraint: , ; , ;in, and Reserved for discharge and charge power, in MW; and To correspond to sustainable energy; If the system includes an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, then ,in, The weighting coefficient for electric heating energy storage compensation; If the system includes multiple electrically heated solid-state energy storage units, then ,in, This is the power adjustment command for the j-th electric heating unit; The total adjustable power of electric heating solid-state energy storage heating meets the following constraints: Heating power adjustment constraint: ,in, The heating power margin can be increased for the j-th electric heating unit. The heating power margin can be reduced for the j-th set of electric heating units; Predicted temperature constraints: ,in, For the j-th thermal storage body in the first The highest temperature predicted in each step The maximum allowable temperature limit for thermal storage materials; Predicted temperature gradient constraints: ,in, For the j-th thermal storage body in the first The maximum temperature gradient in each prediction step This is the maximum allowable temperature gradient limit.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the upward or downward adjustment capacity of the flywheel energy storage, the electric heating solid energy storage, and the thermal power unit cannot meet the thermal power response gap in the corresponding direction, the current available upward adjustment capacity, the current available downward adjustment capacity, and the derating factor are calculated respectively. Based on the current available upward adjustment capacity, the current available downward adjustment capacity, and the derating factor, frequency regulation control is performed on each regulating unit in the power plant energy system; The current increase and decrease in available capacity are calculated as follows: ， ； in, and These respectively meet the requirements for backup power and backup energy; When to choose , When to choose Each item is represented by a positive amplitude; The reduction factor is calculated as follows: when hour, ;when hour, ,in, according to Direction selection or The power commands of each regulating unit are in accordance with Scaling, or reallocation by an optimizer that satisfies the available capacity constraints.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: when and At that time, the compensation adjustment of the flywheel energy storage is smoothly withdrawn to zero, and the heating power adjustment of the electric heating solid energy storage is restored to zero, so that the actual heating power is restored to the reference value. Continue to monitor the equivalent grid-connected power and perform the steps of collecting operating data of each regulating unit in the power plant's energy system; The control of flywheel energy storage to exit power compensation is achieved in the following way: ,in, The exit slope is used; during the exit period, the equivalent grid power continues to be monitored, and if the deviation exceeds the limit again, the exit is paused and the system returns to rolling allocation; The heating power regulation of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage is restored to zero, and the actual heating power is restored to the reference value, through the following method: ,in, To restore the slope.

8. A coordinated frequency regulation control device for a power plant energy system, characterized in that, The device includes: The data acquisition module is used to collect the operating data of each regulating unit in the power plant energy system, wherein each regulating unit includes thermal power units, flywheel energy storage and electrically heated solid energy storage. The prediction module is used to predict the output power of the thermal power unit within a preset step size based on the operating data; The decomposition module is used to calculate the power difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the predicted benchmark equivalent grid-connected power without adding energy storage regulation, and decompose the power difference according to a preset time scale to obtain multiple power decomposition components. The control module is used to perform frequency regulation control on each regulating unit in the power plant energy system based on multiple power decomposition components.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory and a processor are interconnected, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform the coordinated frequency regulation control method for the power plant energy system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the coordinated frequency regulation control method for the power plant energy system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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