A power grid reactive voltage comprehensive treatment method and device for a collaborative scenario

Abstract

The application provides a power grid reactive voltage comprehensive treatment method and device for a collaborative scenario, and relates to the technical field of power system optimization control, wherein the method comprises the following steps: constructing a unified power grid comprehensive information model, and dynamically dividing and modeling multiple types of reactive resources; establishing a comprehensive voltage safety index, wherein the comprehensive voltage safety index covers static safety and transient safety; identifying weak nodes in the power grid and performing risk partitioning and dividing a collaborative control area based on the comprehensive voltage safety index; constructing a multi-objective collaborative optimization model, and solving the multi-objective collaborative optimization model by using a preset hierarchical collaborative iteration process to obtain a comprehensive treatment scheme; and the comprehensive treatment scheme comprises reactive power or voltage set values of each adjustable resource in the collaborative control area. Through the application, global collaborative treatment of complex power grid reactive voltage is realized, and voltage stability and economy are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system optimization control technology, and in particular to a method and device for comprehensive management of reactive power and voltage in power grids for collaborative scenarios. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of new power systems, inter-regional ultra-high voltage direct current transmission, centralized grid connection of new energy sources, and distributed resources on the distribution side are jointly changing the reactive power and voltage operation characteristics of the receiving-end power grid. The backbone transmission network, multiple DC feed-in systems, and distribution networks are coupled with each other through power flow distribution, short-circuit capacity, reactive power reserve, and voltage recovery processes, transforming the reactive power and voltage management problem from a local equipment switching issue into a comprehensive management problem that spans multiple levels and time scales.

[0003] Most existing reactive power management methods model and optimize for single scenarios, such as addressing high voltage in the backbone network, commutation failure risks in DC systems, or voltage exceedances in distribution networks. This approach lacks a unified index system for measuring static and transient security, and also lacks cross-level feedback mechanisms. Therefore, the optimal solution obtained for a single scenario may introduce new contradictions in complex, integrated scenarios. For example, local compensation on the distribution side may alter the reactive power flow of the main grid, or independent regulation of centralized renewable energy power plants may cause overlapping control areas and regulation conflicts. This makes it difficult for existing technologies to achieve globally optimal comprehensive reactive power and voltage management. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method and apparatus for comprehensive reactive power and voltage management of power grids in collaborative scenarios, which addresses the shortcomings of existing reactive power and voltage management methods, such as lack of cross-level collaboration, single evaluation indicators, and difficulty in adapting to complex and comprehensive scenarios.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a comprehensive management method for reactive power and voltage in power grids for collaborative scenarios, comprising: Construct a unified integrated information model for the power grid and dynamically classify and model various types of reactive resources; Establish a comprehensive voltage safety index, which covers both static and transient safety. Based on the comprehensive voltage safety index, weak nodes in the power grid are identified and risk zones are divided, as well as collaborative control areas are delineated. A multi-objective collaborative optimization model is constructed, and a preset hierarchical collaborative iteration process is used to solve the multi-objective collaborative optimization model to obtain a comprehensive governance scheme; the comprehensive governance scheme includes the reactive power or voltage setpoint of each adjustable resource within the collaborative control area.

[0006] According to the present invention, a comprehensive reactive power and voltage management method for power grids in collaborative scenarios is provided, which constructs a unified comprehensive information model of the power grid and dynamically classifies and models multiple types of reactive resources, including: Construct a unified integrated information model for the power grid, mapping the main grid topology, DC landing points, new energy power plants, distribution-side resources, reactive power compensation equipment, and typical operating scenarios to the same state space; Reactive resources are divided into steady-state discrete regulation resources, fast dynamic support resources, and power electronic controllable resources, and dynamic reactive power boundaries are established for each.

[0007] According to the present invention, a comprehensive management method for reactive power and voltage in a power grid oriented to a collaborative scenario is provided. The comprehensive voltage safety index is obtained by weighting and summing static voltage operating status index, distribution network equivalent power index, system strength index, DC commutation failure risk index and transient voltage over-limit risk expectation through preset weights. The comprehensive voltage safety index is used to characterize the voltage level under normal operating conditions and the dynamic recovery capability under severe faults.

[0008] According to the present invention, a comprehensive management method for reactive power and voltage in a power grid for collaborative scenarios is provided, which identifies weak nodes in the power grid and performs risk zoning, including: Calculate the partial derivative of the comprehensive voltage safety index with respect to reactive power injection at the node to obtain the reactive power compensation sensitivity; Calculate the expected voltage instability risk of the power grid node under the fault set based on the scenario probability corresponding to each power grid node; The comprehensive priority index of the power grid node is determined based on the equivalent electrical distance from each power grid node to the DC landing point or weak area; Based on the reactive power compensation sensitivity, the expected voltage instability risk, and the comprehensive priority index, the nodes of the entire network are classified into high, medium, and low risk zones.

[0009] According to the present invention, a comprehensive power grid reactive power and voltage management method for collaborative scenarios is provided, which divides the collaborative control area, including: For different renewable energy power plants, the corresponding reactive power regulation influence range is determined; the reactive power regulation influence range is the set of nodes in the power grid whose voltage change exceeds a preset threshold value when the reactive power output of the renewable energy power plant changes by a unit value. Calculate the overlap of the reactive power regulation influence range of any two of the new energy power plants; the overlap is the ratio of the number of intersection elements to the number of union elements of the node sets included in the reactive power regulation influence range of the two new energy power plants. Multiple new energy power stations with an overlap exceeding a preset threshold are grouped into a single collaborative control zone.

[0010] According to the present invention, a comprehensive power grid reactive power and voltage management method for collaborative scenarios is provided, wherein the joint objectives of the multi-objective collaborative optimization model are: minimizing voltage deviation, maximizing the improvement of comprehensive stability margin, and minimizing configuration management cost; The decision variables of the multi-objective collaborative optimization model include reactive power compensation nodes, device type, device capacity, reactive power reference value of centralized new energy power plants, distributed resource control quantity on the distribution side, and adjustment step size for each time period.

[0011] According to the present invention, a comprehensive management method for reactive power and voltage in a power grid for collaborative scenarios is provided, wherein the hierarchical collaborative iterative process is solved in the order of priority for distribution side, supplementation for DC side, and coordination of backbone network.

[0012] According to the present invention, a comprehensive management method for reactive power and voltage of power grids in a collaborative scenario is provided. In the solution prioritizing the distribution side, if the distribution network includes an energy storage system, a reactive power capacity model of the energy storage system is established. The reactive power capacity model expresses the reactive power adjustment range of the energy storage system as a piecewise linear function of its state of charge.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention also provides a power grid reactive power and voltage comprehensive management device for collaborative scenarios, comprising: The module is used to build a unified integrated information model of the power grid and to dynamically partition and model various types of reactive resources. The processing module is used to establish a comprehensive voltage safety index; the comprehensive voltage safety index covers both static safety and transient safety. The partitioning module is used to identify weak nodes in the power grid and perform risk partitioning based on the comprehensive voltage safety index, as well as to partition collaborative control areas. The solution module is used to construct a multi-objective collaborative optimization model and solve the multi-objective collaborative optimization model using a preset hierarchical collaborative iterative process to obtain a comprehensive governance scheme; the comprehensive governance scheme includes the reactive power or voltage setpoint of each adjustable resource within the collaborative control area.

[0014] Thirdly, the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the power grid reactive power and voltage integrated management method for collaborative scenarios as described in the first aspect above.

[0015] Fourthly, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the power grid reactive power and voltage integrated management method for cooperative scenarios as described in the first aspect above.

[0016] Fifthly, the present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the power grid reactive power and voltage integrated management method for collaborative scenarios as described in the first aspect above.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. By constructing a unified integrated information model of the power grid, the backbone transmission network, multiple DC feed-in systems and multi-element distribution networks are incorporated into a unified state space for analysis. This can accurately reflect the electrical coupling and reactive power exchange relationships between different levels, avoid the control conflicts and target fragmentation problems caused by traditional scenario-based optimization, and achieve global collaborative governance.

[0018] 2. By establishing a comprehensive voltage security index that covers both static and transient security, it is possible to fully quantify and evaluate the voltage level of the power grid under normal operating conditions and its dynamic recovery capability under severe faults, providing a scientific basis for the unified evaluation and optimized allocation of various types of reactive power resources.

[0019] 3. By identifying weak nodes and dividing risks based on risk expectation, reactive power sensitivity and electrical distance, and dividing collaborative control areas based on the overlap of influence range, it is possible to accurately locate key governance points and implement collaborative control for new energy power plants with strong coupling relationships, effectively reducing regulation conflicts and improving governance efficiency.

[0020] 4. By constructing a multi-objective collaborative optimization model with voltage deviation, stability margin, and cost as objectives, and using a hierarchical iterative process of prioritizing the distribution side, supplementing the DC side, and coordinating the backbone network for solution, the optimal allocation and hierarchical collaborative control of multiple types of reactive resources are realized, thereby improving the overall voltage management effect of the network while taking into account economic efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the comprehensive management method for reactive power and voltage in power grids for collaborative scenarios provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage instability dynamic process in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a timing curve result diagram of the distributed power supply access end node in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4This is a timing curve result diagram of distributed power supply access to intermediate nodes in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the transient voltage instability risk partitioning of the IEEE39 system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the node voltage before optimized configuration in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the node voltage after optimized configuration in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a contour map of the reactive power adjustment range of node 3 in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the coordinated reactive power optimization control area of ​​multiple new energy power stations in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram comparing the node voltages before and after multi-level scene combination control in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 This application provides a comprehensive reactive power and voltage management method for power grids in collaborative scenarios. It aims to address the technical problem that existing reactive power management methods often target single scenarios, leading to fragmented objectives and control conflicts, and failing to adapt to complex power grid environments with high proportions of renewable energy integration and AC / DC hybrid connections. This method achieves global, collaborative, and efficient management of power grid reactive power and voltage by constructing a unified model, establishing comprehensive indicators, performing risk zoning, and collaborative optimization. The method specifically includes the following steps: Step S101: Construct a unified integrated power grid information model and dynamically classify and model multiple types of reactive resources; Step S102: Establish a comprehensive voltage safety index, which covers both static and transient safety. Step S103: Based on the comprehensive voltage safety index, identify weak nodes in the power grid and divide them into risk zones, as well as define collaborative control areas; Step S104: Construct a multi-objective collaborative optimization model and solve the multi-objective collaborative optimization model using a preset hierarchical collaborative iteration process to obtain a comprehensive governance scheme; the comprehensive governance scheme includes the reactive power or voltage setpoint of each adjustable resource within the collaborative control area.

[0025] In one specific implementation, this method first constructs a unified integrated power grid information model and dynamically partitions and models various types of reactive power resources. This step aims to overcome the shortcomings of previous techniques that treated backbone transmission, multiple DC feeds, and diverse distribution sides as independent, localized governance objects. By mapping power grid elements at different levels to the same state space, their electrical coupling and reactive power exchange relationships can be described from a global perspective. This step solves the problem of inaccurate assessment of cross-level interactions due to model fragmentation, providing a unified data foundation and analytical framework for subsequent global analysis and collaborative optimization.

[0026] Subsequently, this method establishes a comprehensive voltage safety index that covers both static and transient safety. Traditional methods often focus on a single voltage compliance rate, neglecting the system's dynamic recovery capability under severe faults. The purpose of this step is to establish a more comprehensive evaluation system that not only characterizes the voltage level under normal operating conditions but also quantifies the system's ability to withstand disturbances and recover after faults. By establishing this comprehensive index, the problem of the evaluation system being one-sided and unable to guide transient safety improvement is solved, expanding the governance objective from "maintaining static safety" to "improving dynamic safety," thus achieving a comprehensive characterization of power grid voltage safety.

[0027] Next, this method, based on comprehensive voltage safety indicators, identifies weak nodes in the power grid, performs risk zoning, and delineates collaborative control areas. Background technologies often lack targeted reactive power compensation configurations or introduce new problems due to a lack of coordination. The purpose of this step is to accurately locate problems and rationally delineate control units. By identifying weak nodes and risk zoning, valuable reactive power resources can be prioritized for allocation to the most critical locations for system safety; by delineating collaborative control areas, adjustment conflicts between multiple control entities can be avoided. This approach solves the inefficient "sprinkling pepper" configuration of reactive power compensation and the control conflicts caused by "each doing their own thing," achieving precise allocation of governance resources and coordinated action.

[0028] Finally, this method constructs a multi-objective collaborative optimization model and solves it using a pre-defined hierarchical collaborative iterative process to obtain a comprehensive governance scheme. This scheme includes the reactive power or voltage setpoints of each adjustable resource within the collaborative control area. Optimization of a single objective often leads to trade-offs, such as excessively pursuing voltage quality at the expense of economic efficiency. This step aims to find the optimal balance among multiple dimensions, including voltage deviation, stability margin, and economic cost. By constructing a multi-objective model and employing hierarchical iterative solutions, the complex global optimization problem can be decomposed, and governance actions at each level can be coordinated. This step overcomes the limitations and practical difficulties associated with single-objective optimization, ultimately yielding a technically advanced and economically reasonable comprehensive governance scheme.

[0029] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the specific implementation of constructing a unified integrated power grid information model and dynamically classifying and modeling multiple types of reactive power resources includes: constructing a unified integrated power grid information model that maps the main grid topology, DC landing points, new energy power plants, distribution-side resources, reactive power compensation equipment, and typical operating scenarios into the same state space; and classifying reactive power resources into steady-state discrete regulation resources, rapid dynamic support resources, and power electronic controllable resources, and establishing dynamic reactive power capacity boundaries for each. The advantage of this specific implementation is that it not only unifies the model macroscopically but also performs refined classification and modeling of resources microscopically, giving the model both a global perspective and an accurate description of the characteristics of various resources, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent optimization.

[0030] For example, the integrated power grid information model is used to describe the electrical coupling relationships, reactive power exchange relationships, and voltage safety boundaries between different levels, with the specific formulas as follows:

[0031] Where, in the formula, A comprehensive information model representing the power grid to be managed; A set of nodes; For branch set; This is the set of DC feed points; A collection of distributed and centralized new energy grid connection points; A set of adjustable reactive power resources; This represents a set of typical operating scenarios. The specific formula for the model's system state vector is as follows:

[0032] in, Indicates time t The system state vector; and These represent the node voltage magnitude and phase angle, respectively. and These are active and reactive power injections, respectively. , and These are DC operating quantities; and We contribute to new energy sources, whether it's productive or not.

[0033] In this embodiment, the specific formula for the set of governance scenarios is as follows:

[0034] in, This represents the overall set of governance scenarios. , and These represent the sets of scenarios for backbone transmission, multiple DC feeds, and distribution-side voltage management. This set is not a simple combination of three independent scenarios, but rather a unified representation of the same power grid operating state at different electrical levels.

[0035] The specific formula for the adjustable reactive power resource set is as follows:

[0036] in, This refers to discrete reactive resources such as capacitors and reactors. This indicates an on-load tap-changing transformer. and They represent and , This indicates that the new energy converter has no power capability. It refers to flexible DC or other power electronic support resources.

[0037] Through the above formula, the backbone network voltage surplus, DC receiving-end reactive power deficit, and distribution network voltage over-limit under the same operating section are uniformly represented as different projections of the comprehensive state vector, thus providing a unified data entry point for subsequent index calculation, risk zoning, and collaborative optimization.

[0038] Furthermore, in this embodiment, reactive power resources are divided into steady-state discrete regulation resources, rapid dynamic support resources, and power electronic controllable resources according to response speed and control level, and dynamic reactive power capacity boundaries are established for each. The distribution side focuses on describing the remaining reactive power capacity released by distributed power inverters under active power fluctuations; the backbone transmission layer focuses on describing the aggregated reactive power exchange of centralized renewable energy power plants; and the multi-DC feed-in layer focuses on describing the reactive power demand of converter stations and the attenuation of capacitive compensation capability under voltage dips. Specific formulas are as follows:

[0039] in, Indicates the firsti Taiwanese photovoltaic inverters at all times t The maximum available reactive power capacity; The rated apparent capacity of the inverter; The photovoltaic inverter provides active power output. The reactive power output of the photovoltaic inverter satisfies the following constraints:

[0040] in, Indicates the first i The reactive power output of the photovoltaic inverter is 1.5 times that of the distributed generation. This constraint reflects the dynamic reactive power boundary of the distributed generation under changes in active power output.

[0041] Based on this, the specific formula for reactive power output of distributed resource aggregation in power distribution measurement is as follows:

[0042] in, For distributed resource aggregation and reactive power output on the distribution side; For the first j Reactive power output from typhoon power converters or other distributed resources.

[0043] The net reactive power exchange at the grid connection point of a centralized renewable energy power station is as follows:

[0044] in, For the first a Net reactive power exchange at the grid connection point of a centralized new energy power station; For the reactive power of the converter group, Station level No results. Reactive power is used to charge the collector line. This is for losses calculated within the station.

[0045] The active power formula for DC transmission is as follows:

[0046] in, Indicates the first l Active power is transmitted back to DC. and These are DC voltage and current, respectively; To meet the reactive power requirements of the inverter station; The converter power factor angle.

[0047] The formula for the capacitive reactive power output of power distribution network equipment is as follows:

[0048] in, This refers to the capacitive reactive power output of the converter station's filters and capacitors under actual voltage. Rated voltage Below capacitive reactive power output; This is the converter bus voltage.

[0049] The above modeling enables different reactive power resources to participate in unified optimization with comparable output ranges, response characteristics, and constraint boundaries. For scenarios with high voltage, new energy converters and dynamic reactive power devices can absorb inductive reactive power; for scenarios with low voltage recovery after a fault, dynamic reactive power devices and inverters can quickly generate capacitive reactive power to support the recovery of the receiving-end voltage.

[0050] In another preferred embodiment, the comprehensive voltage safety index is obtained by weighting and summing the static voltage operating status index, the distribution network equivalent power index, the system strength index, the DC commutation failure risk index, and the expected transient voltage exceedance risk using preset weights. This comprehensive voltage safety index is used to characterize the voltage level under normal operating conditions and the dynamic recovery capability under severe faults. The advantage of this specific implementation is that it decomposes the abstract concept of "safety" into five quantifiable and specific indicators, covering multiple aspects such as steady-state, transient, and system strength, making the safety assessment more scientific, comprehensive, and operable. Through weight adjustment, it can also be adapted to the specific needs of different power grids, offering high flexibility.

[0051] This comprehensive indicator system describes both the voltage level under normal operating conditions and the dynamic recovery capability under severe faults, so that the governance objectives are not limited to a single voltage qualification rate.

[0052] The specific formulas for the static voltage operating status indicators are as follows:

[0053] In the formula, For nodes i The voltage operating status index is used to characterize the relative position of node voltage within the allowable range. Represents a node i voltage, and These represent the lower voltage limit and the upper voltage limit, respectively.

[0054] The specific formula for the equivalent power index of the distribution network is as follows:

[0055] in, The equivalent power index for the distribution network; For nodes i The equivalent power stability characterization quantity; This is the value corresponding to the critical boundary.

[0056] The specific formula for the multiple feed-in short-circuit ratio at the DC landing point is as follows:

[0057] in, For the first j Multiple feed-in short-circuit ratio at each DC landing point; This is the equivalent short-circuit capacity; This refers to the rated or operating power of DC.

[0058] The specific formula for the system strength index is as follows:

[0059] in, To consider the system strength indicators after the coupling of multiple new energy power stations; For new energy power stations b DC landing point a Electrical influence weight; Contribute to new energy sources Indicates DC landing point a The equivalent short-circuit capacity, Indicates new energy power station b DC rated or operating power.

[0060] The specific formula for the achievable commutation voltage area is as follows:

[0061] in, For the first l The actual commutation voltage area obtainable from DC; This is the commutation voltage; This is the DC-side equivalent voltage; and These represent the start and end times of the commutation process.

[0062] Based on this, the specific formula for the DC commutation failure risk index is as follows:

[0063] in, For the first l Risk indicators for DC commutation failure; The minimum voltage-time area required for reliable turn-off of a thyristor.

[0064] The specific formula for the commutation failure suppression index is as follows:

[0065] in, For the node iIndicators for commutation failure suppression after configuring reactive power compensation; DC weighting; Weights for fault scenarios; and These represent the duration of commutation failure before and after configuration.

[0066] The specific formula for the expected transient voltage exceedance risk is as follows:

[0067] in, For nodes i Expected risk of transient voltage exceeding limit; This is a fault scenario; For scene probabilities; For statistical time windows, and These are the lower voltage limit and the upper voltage limit, respectively. This represents the voltage under fault scenario f.

[0068] In summary, the formula for calculating the comprehensive voltage safety index is as follows:

[0069] in, The static-transient combined voltage safety index; and Normalized index; to These are the weighting coefficients.

[0070] Using the above formula, the high voltage risk of the backbone network, the static voltage stability margin of the distribution network, and the DC transient voltage safety are normalized into a comprehensive voltage safety index. H middle. H The larger the value, the higher the static margin, commutation safety margin, and post-fault recovery capability of the system in multiple scenarios.

[0071] Furthermore, the specific implementation of identifying vulnerable nodes in the power grid and performing risk zoning includes: calculating the partial derivative of the comprehensive voltage security index with respect to reactive power injection at the node to obtain reactive power compensation sensitivity; calculating the expected voltage instability risk of the power grid node under the fault set based on the scenario probability corresponding to each power grid node; determining the comprehensive priority index of the power grid node based on the equivalent electrical distance from each power grid node to the DC landing point or vulnerable area; and finally, classifying all nodes in the network into high, medium, and low risk zones based on these three factors. The advantage of this method is that it comprehensively considers the regulation effect (sensitivity), risk level (risk expectation), and location importance (electrical distance), making the risk assessment of nodes more comprehensive and accurate, and ensuring that governance resources are invested in the most needed and effective locations.

[0072] In one optional implementation, the specific implementation of dividing the collaborative control area includes: for different renewable energy power plants, firstly, determining their corresponding reactive power regulation influence range, i.e., the set of nodes that can significantly affect the voltage when their reactive power output changes; then, calculating the overlap of the reactive power regulation influence ranges of any two renewable energy power plants; finally, merging multiple renewable energy power plants with an overlap exceeding a preset threshold into one collaborative control area. The advantage of this method is that it identifies units requiring collaboration based on data analysis and electrical influence range, rather than administrative or geographical divisions. In this way, it effectively avoids multiple power plants repeatedly or inversely regulating the voltage in the same area, achieving "de-conflictization" at the control level and improving overall regulation efficiency.

[0073] For example, the formula for calculating reactive power compensation sensitivity is as follows:

[0074] in, For nodes i The sensitivity of reactive power compensation to the overall voltage safety index is used to measure the effect of reactive power regulation on improving the system stability margin. This indicates reactive power injection.

[0075] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage instability dynamic process in an embodiment of the present invention. Based on the detailed process of voltage instability, the calculation formula for the expected voltage instability risk is as follows:

[0076] in, Represents a node i Expected voltage instability risk under a fault set; For nodes i In the fault f The results of the quantification of instability risk are as follows. This represents the scenario probability.

[0077] The overall priority index for candidate nodes is as follows:

[0078] in, This serves as a comprehensive priority indicator for candidate nodes. This represents the equivalent electrical distance from the node to the DC landing point or weak area. to For normalized weights.

[0079] The formula for calculating the overlap of control areas between different new energy power stations is as follows:

[0080] in, For new energy power stations a and b The degree of overlap of the control area; and These are the core impact areas of the two stations, respectively.

[0081] The specific formula for the candidate reactive power compensation node set is as follows:

[0082] in, This is the set of candidate reactive power compensation nodes; , and These are the risk, sensitivity, and overall priority thresholds, respectively.

[0083] Candidate Node Set Simultaneously consider the risk level, sensitivity, and electrical distance from the DC landing point or vulnerable area. When the core impact areas of multiple new energy power plants have a high degree of overlap, they are merged into a coordinated control area; when local governance on the distribution side has significantly reduced the reactive power pressure on the upper-level nodes, the compensation weight on the DC side or backbone side is reduced accordingly to form cross-level feedback.

[0084] Furthermore, the joint objectives of the multi-objective collaborative optimization model are specifically set as: minimizing voltage deviation, maximizing the improvement of overall stability margin, and minimizing configuration management costs. Meanwhile, its decision variables specifically include reactive power compensation nodes, device type, device capacity, reactive power reference values ​​for centralized renewable energy power plants, distributed resource control quantities on the distribution side, and adjustment step sizes for each time period. This specific setting makes the optimization objectives and adjustable methods very clear, considering both technical performance (voltage deviation, stability margin) and economic efficiency (cost), covering the entire process of decision-making from planning (site selection, capacity determination) to operation (control quantities, step sizes), making the optimization results more practically instructive.

[0085] For example, the formula for calculating the voltage deviation target is as follows:

[0086] in, The target is the voltage deviation. For reactive power resource allocation and control schemes; Node voltage weights; The target voltage.

[0087] The specific formula for improving the stability margin target is as follows:

[0088] in, To increase the negative of the target for stability margin; This is the baseline plan before governance.

[0089] The specific formula for configuration management cost is as follows:

[0090] in, For configuration and management costs; The unit capacity investment cost For operation and maintenance costs, To adjust the cost of the action, To adjust the number of times.

[0091] The objective function of the model is as follows:

[0092] in, It is a multi-objective optimization function used to balance voltage deviation, stability margin, and economic cost.

[0093] Based on this, the specific formulas for the active and reactive power benefits of distribution network nodes are as follows:

[0094]

[0095] in, , They are nodes i The active power generated and the active power of the load; and Elements of the node admittance matrix; The phase angle difference between nodes; , They are nodes i The reactive power generated by electricity and the reactive power of the load; It provides power to reactive power compensation devices or controllable resources.

[0096] The node voltages and reactive power resources of the distribution network must comply with the following constraints:

[0097] in, and These are the lower and upper limits of the node voltage; and The dynamic output boundary of reactive resources.

[0098] Furthermore, the reactive power resource adjustment step size follows the following constraints:

[0099] in, This is the upper limit of the single adjustment step size for reactive power resources, used to avoid control oscillations caused by frequent and large adjustments.

[0100] The formula for calculating the optimal comprehensive management solution is as follows:

[0101] in, The optimal solution for comprehensive governance; The feasible region to meet constraints on power flow, voltage, equipment capacity, and control step size; To constrain the penalty function for violations.

[0102] The above formulas constitute a full-scenario collaborative optimization model. This model prioritizes the use of distributed resources on the distribution side to provide local support for weak nodes, configures dynamic reactive power support for high-risk nodes on the DC receiving end side, and utilizes centralized renewable energy power plants and necessary compensation devices on the backbone network side to suppress voltage surplus. The optimization results at different levels are iterated through power flow verification, risk indicator updates, and control area corrections.

[0103] In a preferred embodiment, the hierarchical collaborative iterative process solves the problem in the order of prioritizing the distribution side, supplementing the DC side, and coordinating the backbone network. This solution sequence is designed to align with the physical characteristics and management hierarchy of the power grid. Distribution side problems (such as voltage exceeding limits at the end of the grid) should be addressed locally first to prevent escalation; the DC side, as a critical weak link, is supplemented and supported; finally, the backbone network performs global coordination. This "bottom-up, hierarchical governance" process decomposes a large global optimization problem into three ordered sub-problems, significantly reducing the solution complexity and ensuring the coordination of governance measures at each level.

[0104] For example, the specific steps of hierarchical collaborative iterative solution are as follows: Step 1: Input basic data on the backbone network, DC landing point, distribution network and reactive power resources to form a comprehensive information model, and read typical operating modes, load levels, renewable energy output and fault scenario sets.

[0105] Step 2: Calculate the dynamic output boundary of various reactive resources under the current operating mode, and distinguish between steady-state voltage regulation resources, rapid dynamic support resources, and power electronic controllable resources.

[0106] Step 3: Calculate the static-transient integrated voltage security index, and identify the backbone network voltage surplus nodes, high-risk areas of DC commutation failure, and weak nodes of static voltage in the distribution network.

[0107] Step 4: Calculate reactive power compensation sensitivity, risk expectation, control area overlap and candidate compensation node set to form a cross-level candidate governance space.

[0108] Step 5: Prioritize comprehensive local voltage management on the distribution side, and reduce voltage overruns at the end and reactive power exchange fluctuations at the upper level through distributed resource location and capacity setting and multi-agent collaborative control.

[0109] Step 6: Based on the feedback results from the distribution side, conduct severe fault set screening and dynamic reactive power differentiation configuration for multi-DC feed-in systems to improve voltage recovery capability after faults and suppress the risk of commutation failure.

[0110] Step 7: Combining the reactive power flow distribution after the treatment on the DC side and the distribution side, carry out the division of reactive power impact areas of centralized new energy power plants and coordinated optimization control on the backbone transmission layer to suppress light load high voltage and reactive power surplus.

[0111] Step 8: Perform power flow verification, transient simulation verification, and economic verification on the obtained comprehensive governance optimal solution. If the voltage exceeds the limit, the risk of commutation failure, or the cost constraint does not meet the requirements, return to step 4 to update the candidate node set and weight parameters; otherwise, output the final solution.

[0112] Based on the aforementioned hierarchical collaborative iterative process, in the distribution-side priority solution, if the distribution network includes an energy storage system, a non-functional capacity model for the energy storage system is established. This model represents the reactive power regulation range of the energy storage system as a piecewise linear function of its state of charge (SOC). This is because the active / reactive power output capability of the energy storage system is strongly constrained by its SOC. Establishing this model allows for a more accurate assessment and utilization of the voltage regulation potential of the energy storage system at different times, thereby improving the precision and effectiveness of voltage management on the distribution side.

[0113] To verify the effectiveness of this method, a joint simulation case was constructed using the IEEE-144 distribution network system and the modified IEEE-39 main network system. The case simultaneously considers distributed resources on the distribution side, dynamic reactive power compensation at the DC receiving end, and reactive power regulation of centralized renewable energy power plants in the backbone network, forming a comprehensive governance process composed of local support on the distribution side, dynamic support on the DC side, and voltage surplus management in the backbone network.

[0114] At the distribution network level, distributed resource planning and voltage coordination control are carried out using a 141-node distribution network system as an example. Figure 3 This is a timing curve result diagram of the distributed power supply access end node in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a timing curve result diagram of distributed power supply access to intermediate nodes in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 and Figure 4It is known that the location of distributed power supply access significantly affects the voltage support effect of weak nodes. Local configuration of end nodes can directly improve the voltage level at the location with the most severe voltage drop and improve the DEPI index; while configuration of intermediate nodes can improve local voltage, the support for weak end nodes decreases with increasing electrical distance. Therefore, this invention prioritizes identifying weak nodes based on DEPI sensitivity on the distribution side and achieves comprehensive voltage management through iterative location and capacity determination and multi-agent collaborative control.

[0115] After distribution network optimization is completed, the reactive power exchange changes at the upstream interconnection points are fed back to the main grid and the DC receiving-end system. At the multi-DC feed-in level, the expected transient voltage instability risk of each node is calculated based on the severe fault set screening results, and the nodes are divided into high, medium, and low risk areas, such as... Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of transient voltage instability risk partitioning in an IEEE 39 system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Subsequently, dynamic reactive power differentiation is performed on candidate nodes, giving high-risk nodes a higher weighting for compensation effects, while balancing economy and regulation margin for medium- and low-risk nodes.

[0116] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the node voltage before optimized configuration in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the node voltage after optimized configuration in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The node voltage responses before and after the optimized configuration are presented respectively. Without differentiated reactive power compensation, the system exhibits significant voltage drops and recovery oscillations after a three-phase short-circuit fault. After implementing the configuration scheme obtained by the method of this invention, the dynamic reactive power device can quickly inject capacitive reactive power after the fault is cleared, significantly accelerating the voltage recovery speed of all network nodes, shortening the duration of transient voltage exceeding limits, and suppressing the risk of DC commutation failure.

[0117] At the backbone transmission level, this method utilizes an improved fully embedded power flow model and reactive power regulation sensitivity to identify the impact range of centralized new energy power plants on key nodes. Figure 8 This is a contour map of the reactive power adjustment range of node 3 in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the coordinated reactive power optimization control area for multiple renewable energy power plants in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the diagram, the voltage impact of different renewable energy power plants on backbone network nodes exhibits significant regional variations, with some core areas overlapping. Implementing coordinated control in the overlapping areas can prevent multiple power plants from independently adjusting at the same node, thus avoiding reverse or excessive reactive power responses.

[0118] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram comparing node voltages before and after multi-level scenario combination control in an embodiment of the present invention. Compared with relying solely on distribution-side resources or performing DC-side compensation alone, the comprehensive governance method proposed in this invention can make the node voltage curve transition smoother, reduce the degree of voltage overshoot at key nodes in the backbone network, and simultaneously reserve necessary dynamic reactive power reserves for the DC receiving-end system. The calculation results show that a positive feedback loop is formed between local governance on the distribution side, dynamic support at the DC receiving end, and coordinated control of new energy power plants in the backbone network, enabling a unified improvement in static voltage levels, transient recovery capabilities, and configuration economy.

[0119] This invention also provides a power grid reactive power and voltage comprehensive management device for collaborative scenarios. The following describes the power grid reactive power and voltage comprehensive management device for collaborative scenarios provided by this invention. The power grid reactive power and voltage comprehensive management device for collaborative scenarios described below can be referred to in correspondence with the power grid reactive power and voltage comprehensive management method for collaborative scenarios described above. The device includes: The module is used to build a unified integrated information model of the power grid and to dynamically partition and model various types of reactive resources. The processing module is used to establish a comprehensive voltage safety index; the comprehensive voltage safety index covers both static safety and transient safety. The partitioning module is used to identify weak nodes in the power grid and perform risk partitioning based on comprehensive voltage safety indicators, as well as to partition collaborative control areas. The solution module is used to construct a multi-objective collaborative optimization model and solve the multi-objective collaborative optimization model using a preset hierarchical collaborative iteration process to obtain a comprehensive governance scheme. The comprehensive governance scheme includes the reactive power or voltage setpoints of each adjustable resource within the collaborative control area.

[0120] Figure 11 An example is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device, such as... Figure 11 As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 1101, a communication interface 1102, a memory 1103, and a communication bus 1104. The processor 1101, communication interface 1102, and memory 1103 communicate with each other via the communication bus 1104. The processor 1101 can call logic instructions in the memory 1103 to execute a comprehensive reactive power and voltage management method for collaborative scenarios. This method includes: Construct a unified integrated information model for the power grid and dynamically classify and model various types of reactive resources; Establish a comprehensive voltage safety index that covers both static and transient safety. Based on comprehensive voltage safety indicators, weak nodes in the power grid are identified and risk zones are divided, as well as collaborative control areas are delineated. A multi-objective collaborative optimization model is constructed, and a pre-defined hierarchical collaborative iteration process is used to solve the multi-objective collaborative optimization model to obtain a comprehensive governance scheme. The comprehensive governance scheme includes the reactive power or voltage setpoints of each adjustable resource within the collaborative control area.

[0121] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 1103 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0122] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the comprehensive reactive power and voltage management method for power grids in collaborative scenarios provided by the above methods. The method includes: Construct a unified integrated information model for the power grid and dynamically classify and model various types of reactive resources; Establish a comprehensive voltage safety index that covers both static and transient safety. Based on comprehensive voltage safety indicators, weak nodes in the power grid are identified and risk zones are divided, as well as collaborative control areas are delineated. A multi-objective collaborative optimization model is constructed, and a pre-defined hierarchical collaborative iteration process is used to solve the multi-objective collaborative optimization model to obtain a comprehensive governance scheme. The comprehensive governance scheme includes the reactive power or voltage setpoints of each adjustable resource within the collaborative control area.

[0123] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described methods for comprehensive reactive power and voltage management of power grids in collaborative scenarios, the method comprising: Construct a unified integrated information model for the power grid and dynamically classify and model various types of reactive resources; Establish a comprehensive voltage safety index that covers both static and transient safety. Based on comprehensive voltage safety indicators, weak nodes in the power grid are identified and risk zones are divided, as well as collaborative control areas are delineated. A multi-objective collaborative optimization model is constructed, and a pre-defined hierarchical collaborative iteration process is used to solve the multi-objective collaborative optimization model to obtain a comprehensive governance scheme. The comprehensive governance scheme includes the reactive power or voltage setpoints of each adjustable resource within the collaborative control area.

[0124] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0125] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0126] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive management method for reactive power and voltage in power grids for collaborative scenarios, characterized in that, include: Construct a unified integrated information model for the power grid and dynamically classify and model various types of reactive resources; Establish a comprehensive voltage safety index, which covers both static and transient safety. Based on the comprehensive voltage safety index, weak nodes in the power grid are identified and risk zones are divided, as well as collaborative control areas are delineated. A multi-objective collaborative optimization model is constructed, and a preset hierarchical collaborative iteration process is used to solve the multi-objective collaborative optimization model to obtain a comprehensive governance scheme; the comprehensive governance scheme includes the reactive power or voltage setpoint of each adjustable resource within the collaborative control area.

2. The method for comprehensive reactive power and voltage management of power grids in collaborative scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, A unified integrated information model for the power grid is constructed, and dynamic partitioning and modeling of multiple types of reactive resources are performed, including: Construct a unified integrated information model for the power grid, mapping the main grid topology, DC landing points, new energy power plants, distribution-side resources, reactive power compensation equipment, and typical operating scenarios to the same state space; Reactive resources are divided into steady-state discrete regulation resources, fast dynamic support resources, and power electronic controllable resources, and dynamic reactive power boundaries are established for each.

3. The method for comprehensive reactive power and voltage management of power grids in collaborative scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, The comprehensive voltage safety index is obtained by weighting and summing the static voltage operating status index, the distribution network equivalent power index, the system strength index, the DC commutation failure risk index, and the expected transient voltage over-limit risk through preset weights. The comprehensive voltage safety index is used to characterize the voltage level under normal operating conditions and the dynamic recovery capability under severe faults.

4. The method for comprehensive reactive power and voltage management of power grids in collaborative scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, Identifying vulnerable nodes in the power grid and dividing them into risk zones includes: Calculate the partial derivative of the comprehensive voltage safety index with respect to reactive power injection at the node to obtain the reactive power compensation sensitivity; Calculate the expected voltage instability risk of the power grid node under the fault set based on the scenario probability corresponding to each power grid node; The comprehensive priority index of the power grid node is determined based on the equivalent electrical distance from each power grid node to the DC landing point or weak area; Based on the reactive power compensation sensitivity, the expected voltage instability risk, and the comprehensive priority index, the nodes of the entire network are classified into high, medium, and low risk zones.

5. The method for comprehensive reactive power and voltage management of power grids in collaborative scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, Divide the collaborative control area, including: For different renewable energy power plants, the corresponding reactive power regulation influence range is determined; the reactive power regulation influence range is the set of nodes in the power grid whose voltage change exceeds a preset threshold value when the reactive power output of the renewable energy power plant changes by a unit value. Calculate the overlap of the reactive power regulation influence range of any two of the new energy power plants; the overlap is the ratio of the number of intersection elements to the number of union elements of the node sets included in the reactive power regulation influence range of the two new energy power plants. Multiple new energy power stations with an overlap exceeding a preset threshold are grouped into a single collaborative control zone.

6. The method for comprehensive reactive power and voltage management of power grids in collaborative scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, The joint objectives of the multi-objective collaborative optimization model are: minimizing voltage deviation, maximizing the improvement of overall stability margin, and minimizing configuration management cost; The decision variables of the multi-objective collaborative optimization model include reactive power compensation nodes, device type, device capacity, reactive power reference value of centralized new energy power plants, distributed resource control quantity on the distribution side, and adjustment step size for each time period.

7. The method for comprehensive reactive power and voltage management of power grids in collaborative scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hierarchical collaborative iterative process is solved in the order of priority for the distribution side, supplementation for the DC side, and coordination for the backbone network.

8. The method for comprehensive reactive power and voltage management of power grids in collaborative scenarios according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the solution prioritizing the distribution side, if the distribution network includes an energy storage system, a reactive power model of the energy storage system is established; the reactive power model expresses the reactive power regulation range of the energy storage system as a piecewise linear function of its state of charge.

9. A comprehensive reactive power and voltage management device for power grids in collaborative scenarios, characterized in that, include: The module is used to build a unified integrated information model of the power grid and to dynamically partition and model various types of reactive resources. The processing module is used to establish a comprehensive voltage safety index; the comprehensive voltage safety index covers both static safety and transient safety. The partitioning module is used to identify weak nodes in the power grid and perform risk partitioning based on the comprehensive voltage safety index, as well as to partition collaborative control areas. The solution module is used to construct a multi-objective collaborative optimization model and solve the multi-objective collaborative optimization model using a preset hierarchical collaborative iterative process to obtain a comprehensive governance scheme; the comprehensive governance scheme includes the reactive power or voltage setpoint of each adjustable resource within the collaborative control area.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the power grid reactive power and voltage comprehensive management method for collaborative scenarios as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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