A power fast response method, system and electronic device

Abstract

This application discloses a power fast response method, system, and electronic device. The method obtains the power demand value, the current operating power of the energy storage battery, and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in a plurality of fuel cell units. Based on the power demand value and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit, a power deviation value is determined. Based on the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery and its current operating power, it is determined whether the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value and DC bus voltage stability. If met, the energy storage battery is controlled to respond to the power deviation value, and each fuel cell unit is controlled to maintain its current power generation. If not met, the total power demand of the plurality of fuel cell units is determined based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery. The total power demand is then allocated to each fuel cell unit according to its current power generation, and each fuel cell unit is controlled to generate power according to the allocated target power generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a method, system and electronic device for fast power response. Background Technology

[0002] In microgrids that use fuel cells as the power generation method, the grid dispatch cycle is typically on the order of seconds or minutes. In single or multiple fuel cell power generation systems connected in parallel, the focus is usually on system efficiency, stack health, and lifespan management under steady-state operation, without considering the instantaneous response mechanism of power generation.

[0003] Fuel cell units are limited by the electrochemical reaction rate and gas supply lag characteristics, resulting in a slow power boost rate. This makes it difficult to independently meet the rapid response requirements of microgrids to instantaneous power requests, thus affecting the response efficiency of microgrids to instantaneous power requests. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a power fast response method, system, and electronic device, the specific solutions of which are as follows:

[0005] A power fast response method, comprising:

[0006] Obtain the power demand value, the current operating power of the energy storage battery, and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in multiple fuel cell units;

[0007] The power deviation value is determined based on the power demand value and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in the plurality of fuel cell units.

[0008] Based on the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery and its current operating power, determine whether the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value.

[0009] In response to the energy storage battery meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, the system controls the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation value and controls each fuel cell unit to maintain the current power generation.

[0010] In response to the energy storage battery not meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, the total demand power of the multiple fuel cell units is determined based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery. The total demand power is allocated to each fuel cell unit according to the current power generation power of each fuel cell unit, and each fuel cell unit is controlled to generate power according to the allocated target power generation power.

[0011] Furthermore, determining whether the energy storage battery meets the supply requirement for the power deviation value based on the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery and its current operating power includes:

[0012] Based on the open-circuit voltage and DC internal resistance of the energy storage battery under the current state of charge, current operating power, and current operating time, determine the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery when it bears the power deviation value;

[0013] Determine whether the terminal voltage exceeds the target threshold, and obtain the determination result;

[0014] In response to the judgment result indicating that the terminal voltage does not exceed the target threshold, it is determined that the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value;

[0015] In response to the judgment result indicating that the terminal voltage exceeds the target threshold, it is determined that the energy storage battery does not meet the supply requirements for the power deviation value.

[0016] Furthermore, determining the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery when it bears the power deviation value based on the open-circuit voltage and DC internal resistance of the energy storage battery under the current state of charge, current operating power, and current operating duration includes:

[0017] Obtain a pre-established characteristic parameter table of the energy storage battery, which includes the correspondence between the open circuit voltage and DC internal resistance of the energy storage battery under different states of charge, different operating power, and different operating durations and the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery.

[0018] Query the characteristic parameter table to determine the terminal voltage corresponding to the open circuit voltage and DC internal resistance of the energy storage battery under the current state of charge, current operating power, and current operating time.

[0019] Furthermore, the step of allocating the total required power to each fuel cell unit based on the current power generation of each fuel cell unit includes:

[0020] The average power of each fuel cell unit is determined based on the total required power and the number of fuel cell units in operation.

[0021] The target power output of each fuel cell unit is determined based on the ratio of the average power output of each fuel cell unit to the current power output.

[0022] Furthermore, after controlling the energy storage battery to maintain the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in response to the power deviation value in response to the energy storage battery meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, the method further includes:

[0023] The total power demand of the multiple fuel cell units is determined based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery.

[0024] The total required power is allocated to each fuel cell unit based on the current power generation of each fuel cell unit, and each fuel cell unit is controlled to generate power according to the allocated target power generation.

[0025] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0026] After each group of fuel cell units reaches the target power generation, the power generation of each group of fuel cell units is adjusted so that the health status, operating efficiency and power fluctuation of each group of fuel cell units meet the target conditions.

[0027] Furthermore, adjusting the power generation of each fuel cell unit in the plurality of fuel cell units includes:

[0028] Construct an objective function, which includes at least: an efficiency adjustment term, a health state balance term, and a power fluctuation suppression term. The efficiency adjustment term is determined based on the deviation between the real-time power generation and the optimal operating power of each fuel cell unit. The health state balance term is determined based on the health state of each fuel cell unit.

[0029] The power generation of each fuel cell unit is determined based on the objective function.

[0030] Furthermore, determining the power generation of each fuel cell unit based on the objective function includes:

[0031] The constraints are defined as follows: power balance constraint, output power constraint, and load increase / decrease rate constraint. The power balance constraint is that the sum of the power generation of each fuel cell unit in operation is equal to the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery. The output power constraint is that the output power of each fuel cell unit is within the target range. The load increase / decrease rate constraint is that the power change value of each fuel cell unit within the calculation cycle does not exceed the product of the maximum load increase / decrease rate of the fuel cell unit and the calculation cycle.

[0032] Based on the objective function, determine the power generation of each fuel cell unit that satisfies the constraints.

[0033] A power fast response system, comprising:

[0034] The acquisition unit is used to obtain the power demand value, the current operating power of the energy storage battery, and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in multiple fuel cell units;

[0035] The first determining unit is used to determine the power deviation value based on the power demand value and the current power generation power of each of the multiple fuel cell units;

[0036] The second determining unit is used to determine whether the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value based on the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery and the current operating power.

[0037] A first control unit is configured to, in response to the energy storage battery meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, control the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation value and control each fuel cell unit to maintain the current power generation power.

[0038] The second control unit is configured to, in response to the energy storage battery not meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, determine the total demand power of the multiple fuel cell units based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery, allocate the total demand power to each fuel cell unit based on the current power generation power of each fuel cell unit, and control each fuel cell unit to generate power according to the allocated target power generation power.

[0039] An electronic device, comprising:

[0040] Memory, used to store computer programs;

[0041] A processor is configured to execute the computer program to enable the electronic device to perform the following steps:

[0042] Obtain the power demand value, the current operating power of the energy storage battery, and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in multiple fuel cell units;

[0043] The power deviation value is determined based on the power demand value and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in the plurality of fuel cell units.

[0044] Based on the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery and its current operating power, determine whether the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value.

[0045] In response to the energy storage battery meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, the system controls the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation value and controls each fuel cell unit to maintain the current power generation.

[0046] In response to the energy storage battery not meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, the total demand power of the multiple fuel cell units is determined based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery. The total demand power is allocated to each fuel cell unit according to the current power generation power of each fuel cell unit, and each fuel cell unit is controlled to generate power according to the allocated target power generation power.

[0047] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the power fast response method, system, and electronic equipment disclosed in this application directly utilize the fast response characteristics of the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation when the energy storage battery can meet the supply demand of the power deviation value. This enables the power generation system to complete the response to the power demand in a very short time, improving the response efficiency of the microgrid to instantaneous power requests. Secondly, when the energy storage battery cannot bear the power deviation, the corresponding power generation power is allocated to each fuel cell unit, avoiding the problem of some units bearing excessive power and causing abnormalities in the power generation system. This ensures that the power generation system can effectively respond to the power demand under different operating conditions. In addition, before calling the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation, it is first judged whether it can safely bear the power deviation based on the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery and its current operating power. This avoids the risk of blindly calling the energy storage battery and causing its operating parameters to fail to meet the requirements, ensuring the operational safety of the energy storage battery and the entire power generation system. Attached Figure Description

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or related technologies of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a power fast response method disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 2 A flowchart of another power fast response method disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of yet another power fast response method disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 4 A flowchart of another power fast response method disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of yet another power fast response method disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power fast response system disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device disclosed in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The terminology used in the implementation section of this application is for explaining specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0057] The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will recognize that, with technological advancements and the emergence of new scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are equally applicable to similar technical problems.

[0058] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms are interchangeable where appropriate; this is merely a way of distinguishing objects with the same attributes in the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to those processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0059] This application discloses a fast power response method, the flowchart of which is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0060] Step S11: Obtain the power demand value, the current operating power of the energy storage battery, and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in the multiple fuel cell units;

[0061] Step S12: Determine the power deviation value based on the power demand value and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in the multiple fuel cell units;

[0062] Step S13: Based on the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery and the current operating power, determine whether the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value.

[0063] Step S14: In response to the energy storage battery meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, control the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation value and control each fuel cell unit to maintain the current power generation.

[0064] Step S15: In response to the energy storage battery not meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, determine the total demand power of multiple fuel cell units based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery, allocate the total demand power to each fuel cell unit according to the current power generation power of each fuel cell unit, and control each fuel cell unit to generate power according to the allocated target power generation power.

[0065] In microgrids that use fuel cells as the power generation method, the grid dispatch cycle is usually on the order of seconds or minutes, resulting in a slow response speed to instantaneous power requests. To address this issue, this solution sets up two response paths: one is direct response from energy storage batteries, which greatly improves the response efficiency of the microgrid to instantaneous power requests; the other is that each fuel cell unit in multiple fuel cell units distributes the power in the instantaneous power request, so that each fuel cell unit only bears a portion of the power, avoiding the problem of some units bearing excessive power and causing abnormalities in the power generation system.

[0066] The power demand value can be issued by the power grid dispatch center. The power grid dispatch center issues a power demand instruction based on the current load condition of the microgrid. This instruction is received by the power fast response system to obtain the power demand value.

[0067] In addition, the power fast response system will also obtain the current operating power of the energy storage battery and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in multiple fuel cell units. The current operating power of the energy storage battery can be obtained in real time through the battery management system (BMS), and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit can be obtained in real time by the power acquisition module inside each fuel cell unit. The current power generation of different fuel cell units may be the same or different.

[0068] For example, the power generation system includes 12 fuel cell units and 1 energy storage battery. The current power generation of each of the 12 fuel cell units is 30kW, 35kW, 40kW, 30kW, 30kW, 25kW, 30kW, 40kW, 30kW, 30kW, 30kW, 25kW, and the current operating power of the energy storage battery is 0kW. Therefore, the total power generation of the power generation system is 375kW.

[0069] The total current power generation of the fuel cell unit is obtained by adding the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in the multiple fuel cell units. Then, the power demand value is subtracted from the current total power generation value to obtain the power deviation value. This power deviation value represents the additional power value that needs to be added or reduced on the basis of the current total power generation value in order to meet the power demand of the grid.

[0070] For example, if the current total power output of the fuel cell unit is 375kW, and the power demand is 500kW, then the power deviation is 125kW. In this case, the power generation system needs to increase the power output by 125kW.

[0071] After determining the power deviation value, it is necessary to further determine whether the energy storage battery can provide that power deviation value, that is, whether the energy storage battery can meet the supply demand for the power deviation value. When the energy storage battery can meet the supply demand, since the energy storage battery stores a certain amount of electrical energy, the response is carried out through the energy storage battery, which effectively avoids the problem of slow response of fuel cells and improves the response speed to power demand.

[0072] The characteristic parameters of energy storage batteries include, but are not limited to, the inherent electrical characteristic parameters of energy storage batteries, such as voltage characteristics and internal resistance characteristics. By evaluating the changes in the operating parameters of the energy storage battery when it bears the power deviation value under the current working state, it can be determined whether the energy storage battery can safely bear the power deviation value, that is, whether the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value.

[0073] If the energy storage battery meets the power deviation requirement, then when the power deviation is positive (meaning the power generation system needs to increase power), the energy storage battery needs to discharge, providing the power deviation value to the DC bus. When the power deviation is negative (meaning the power generation system needs to decrease power), the energy storage battery needs to charge, absorbing the power deviation value from the DC bus. Simultaneously, each fuel cell unit must maintain its current power output. That is, during the power deviation response phase where the energy storage battery handles the deviation, each fuel cell unit does not adjust its power output to ensure that the power demand is met through the energy storage battery and multiple fuel cell units working together.

[0074] If the energy storage battery cannot meet the power deviation value supply requirement, multiple fuel cell units need to bear the power deviation value supply. In this case, the total power demand of multiple fuel cell units needs to be determined based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery. This total power demand is the power demand value minus the current operating power of the energy storage battery. Then, based on the current power generation of each fuel cell unit, the total power demand is allocated to each fuel cell unit to determine the target power generation of each fuel cell unit, so that each fuel cell unit generates electricity according to the target power generation power allocated to it.

[0075] The allocation of the total demand power to each fuel cell unit can be done in the following ways: the total demand power is evenly distributed to each fuel cell unit, or the total demand power is allocated according to the power generation capacity of each fuel cell unit. Of course, there are other allocation methods as well, which are not specifically limited here.

[0076] In addition, when it is determined that the power deviation value needs to be supplied by multiple fuel cell units, the power deviation value can be directly allocated to each fuel cell unit instead of redistributing the total power demand. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that each fuel cell unit maintains its current power generation capacity and then increases or decreases the corresponding power value allocated to it.

[0077] After determining the target power output of each fuel cell unit, each fuel cell unit responds according to the corresponding power change rate. Each fuel cell unit smoothly adjusts to the target power output with a calibrated loading slope to avoid damage to the fuel cell stack due to step loading. When the total power output of the power generation system reaches the power demand value, the rapid response to the power request command from the grid is completed.

[0078] The power fast response method disclosed in this embodiment directly utilizes the fast response characteristics of the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation when the energy storage battery can meet the supply demand of the power deviation value. This enables the power generation system to complete the response to the power demand in a very short time, improving the response efficiency of the microgrid to instantaneous power requests. Secondly, when the energy storage battery cannot handle the power deviation, the corresponding power generation power is allocated to each fuel cell unit, avoiding the problem of some units bearing excessive power and causing abnormalities in the power generation system. This ensures that the power generation system can effectively respond to power demands under different operating conditions. In addition, before calling the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation, it is first judged whether the energy storage battery can safely handle the power deviation based on its characteristic parameters and current operating power. This avoids the risk of blindly calling the energy storage battery and causing its operating parameters to fail to meet the requirements, ensuring the operational safety of the energy storage battery and the entire power generation system.

[0079] This embodiment discloses a fast power response method, the flowchart of which is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0080] Step S21: Obtain the power demand value, the current operating power of the energy storage battery, and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in the multiple fuel cell units;

[0081] Step S22: Determine the power deviation value based on the power demand value and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in the multiple fuel cell units;

[0082] Step S23: Determine the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery when it bears the power deviation value based on the open circuit voltage and DC internal resistance of the energy storage battery under the current state of charge, current operating power and current operating time.

[0083] Step S24: Determine whether the terminal voltage exceeds the target threshold.

[0084] Step S25: In response to the terminal voltage not exceeding the target threshold, control the power deviation value of the energy storage battery to control each fuel cell unit to maintain the current power generation.

[0085] Step S26: In response to the terminal voltage exceeding the target threshold, determine the total power demand of multiple fuel cell units based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery. Allocate the total power demand to each fuel cell unit according to the current power generation of each fuel cell unit, and control each fuel cell unit to generate power according to the allocated target power generation.

[0086] The State of Charge (SOC) of an energy storage battery represents the percentage of its total capacity that remains uncharged. It is estimated and provided in real-time by the battery management system and is typically expressed as a percentage. The SOC reflects the battery's current state of charge and is a crucial factor affecting its terminal voltage.

[0087] The current operating power of the energy storage battery is the current charging and discharging power value of the energy storage battery, which is collected in real time by the battery management system. A positive current operating power value indicates that the energy storage battery is currently in a discharging state, while a negative value indicates that the energy storage battery is currently in a charging state.

[0088] The current operating time of an energy storage battery represents the cumulative operating time from its initial use to the present moment, reflecting the degree of battery aging. Open-circuit voltage (OCV) refers to the potential difference between the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage battery in an open-circuit state. OCV mainly depends on the battery's state of charge (SOC). For the same model of energy storage battery, there is a definite correspondence between OCV and SOC. DC internal resistance (DCR) refers to the resistance encountered by the current flowing through the energy storage battery during operation, including ohmic internal resistance, electrochemical polarization internal resistance, and concentration polarization internal resistance. The magnitude of DCR directly affects the change in terminal voltage during high-current charging and discharging. DCR is not a fixed value; it varies with factors such as the energy storage battery's state of charge, temperature, and operating time. Generally, the lower the SOC, the larger the DCR; the lower the temperature, the larger the DCR; and the longer the operating time, i.e., the more severe the aging, the larger the DCR.

[0089] Among them, the open-circuit voltage (OCV) and DC internal resistance (DCR) of the energy storage battery can be obtained from the factory calibration parameters of the lithium-ion battery cell. Before the energy storage battery leaves the factory, the cell manufacturer will obtain the OCV and DCR data of the energy storage battery under different SOC, different temperatures and different working times through standardized tests, and provide them to the user as the inherent characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery.

[0090] When the energy storage battery is not bearing the power deviation value, the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery is determined by its current operating power. The decision to determine whether the energy storage battery should bear the power deviation value ∆P is equivalent to determining the energy storage battery's share of the total power ( Terminal voltage at time That is, first determine the total power that the energy storage battery needs to bear after bearing the power deviation value, and then determine the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery when bearing the total power.

[0091] The determined terminal voltage is compared with the target threshold to determine whether the terminal voltage exceeds the target threshold. The target threshold can be set according to the safe operating voltage range of the energy storage battery. The energy storage battery has a rated safe operating voltage range. When the battery terminal voltage is too high or too low, it may cause safety accidents such as battery performance degradation, internal short circuit or even thermal runaway. Therefore, it is necessary to set a target threshold. The target threshold can be determined according to the datasheet of the energy storage battery or the protection parameters of the battery management system (BMS).

[0092] In this embodiment, the target threshold can be represented by the fluctuation range of the DC bus voltage. For example, if the terminal voltage fluctuation is set to not exceed ±2% of the safe voltage fluctuation threshold range, then the target threshold is ±2%. If the fluctuation range of the terminal voltage relative to the rated voltage of the energy storage battery does not exceed ±2%, it is determined that the terminal voltage does not exceed the target threshold, and at this time, it can be determined that the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value. If the fluctuation range exceeds ±2%, it is determined that the terminal voltage exceeds the target threshold, and at this time, it can be determined that the energy storage battery does not meet the supply requirements for the power deviation value. The setting of this target threshold can be adjusted based on the specific application scenario and battery type.

[0093] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery when bearing the power deviation value is determined based on the open-circuit voltage and DC internal resistance of the energy storage battery under the current state of charge, current operating power, and current operating duration. Specifically, it can be as follows:

[0094] Obtain a pre-established characteristic parameter table of the energy storage battery. The characteristic parameter table includes the correspondence between the open circuit voltage and DC internal resistance of the energy storage battery under different states of charge, different operating power, and different operating durations and the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery. Query the characteristic parameter table to determine the terminal voltage in the table corresponding to the open circuit voltage and DC internal resistance of the energy storage battery under the current state of charge, current operating power, and current operating duration.

[0095] When establishing a characteristic parameter table for energy storage batteries, the specific steps are as follows: First, obtain the OCV and DCR parameters of the energy storage battery under different SOC, different temperatures, and different operating times. These data are usually obtained by the cell manufacturers through standardized testing before the energy storage battery leaves the factory, recording the changes in electrical characteristics of the energy storage battery throughout its entire life cycle. Organize these parameters into a table with the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery as the variable and the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery as the estimated parameter. That is, for a given charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery, combined with the current SOC, temperature, operating time, and other conditions of the battery, the corresponding terminal voltage can be obtained by looking up the table.

[0096] When the energy storage battery bears the power deviation, to pre-determine the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery when bearing the power deviation, it is necessary to first obtain the current operating parameters of the energy storage battery, such as: current state of charge, current operating power, open circuit voltage and DC resistance under the current operating time. Then, the power deviation value is added to the current operating power of the energy storage battery to obtain the total power of the energy storage battery after bearing the power deviation value. Using the total power, current state of charge, open circuit voltage and DC resistance under the current operating time as query parameters, the corresponding terminal voltage value can be obtained by querying the characteristic parameter table. This terminal voltage value is the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery when bearing the power deviation value.

[0097] Furthermore, in actual operation, the characteristic parameter table can be updated and corrected based on the real-time operating parameters of the energy storage battery. The actual terminal voltage and actual operating power of the energy storage battery are monitored in real time. If, under the current operating conditions, there is a deviation between the estimated terminal voltage obtained from the existing characteristic parameter table and the actual measured terminal voltage, this deviation may be caused by individual differences in the energy storage battery, inconsistencies between the actual aging rate and the calibration value, etc., then this deviation is recorded and statistically analyzed. When the deviation exceeds a preset correction threshold, the corresponding SOC, temperature, OCV, and DCR parameters within the corresponding operating time in the characteristic parameter table are adjusted to make the estimated terminal voltage consistent with the actual measured value. This online correction mechanism ensures the accuracy and effectiveness of the characteristic parameter table throughout the entire lifespan of the energy storage battery, avoiding prediction errors caused by deviations in battery aging characteristics from the calibration value.

[0098] The power fast response method disclosed in this embodiment obtains the open-circuit voltage and DC internal resistance of the energy storage battery under the current state of charge, current operating power, and current operating duration. It then pre-determines the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery after it bears the power deviation value and compares it with a target threshold. This control logic accurately assesses the safety of the energy storage battery before it is activated, fundamentally avoiding the risk of bus voltage collapse and improving the operational safety and reliability of the power generation system. Furthermore, when it is necessary to determine whether the energy storage battery meets the supply demand for the power deviation value, the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery are obtained in real time. This fully considers the impact of parameter changes on the terminal voltage during actual operation, making the judgment more accurate and reliable, and avoiding misjudgments caused by changes in energy storage battery parameters.

[0099] This embodiment discloses a fast power response method, the flowchart of which is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it includes:

[0100] Step S31: Obtain the power demand value, the current operating power of the energy storage battery, and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in the multiple fuel cell units;

[0101] Step S32: Determine the power deviation value based on the power demand value and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in the multiple fuel cell units;

[0102] Step S33: Based on the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery and the current operating power, determine whether the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value.

[0103] Step S34: In response to the energy storage battery meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, control the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation value and control each fuel cell unit to maintain the current power generation.

[0104] Step S35: In response to the energy storage battery not meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, determine the total demand power of multiple fuel cell units based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery.

[0105] Step S36: Determine the average power of each fuel cell unit based on the total power demand and the number of fuel cell units in operation.

[0106] Step S37: Based on the ratio of the average power of each fuel cell unit to the current power generation, determine the target power generation of each fuel cell unit, and control each fuel cell unit to generate power according to the allocated target power generation.

[0107] When it is determined that the energy storage battery cannot meet the supply demand for the power deviation value, the power deviation value is supplied by multiple fuel cell units. Specifically, the total power demand of multiple fuel cell units can be determined based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery. Then, the total power demand is allocated to each fuel cell unit. During the allocation process, it is necessary to first obtain the number of fuel cell units currently in operation and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in operation.

[0108] Among multiple fuel cell units, some are in operation and some are not. First, it's necessary to determine which fuel cell units are in operation and the number N of these units. For example, if all 12 fuel cell units are in operation, then the number of fuel cell units is N=12. The fuel cell units not in operation may be in a faulty or other state, which is not specifically defined here.

[0109] After determining the number N of fuel cell units in operation, it is also necessary to determine the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in operation. Where X is the serial number of the fuel cell unit in operation, for example: the current power generation of the first fuel cell unit out of 12 in operation is... The current power generation capacity of the second group of fuel cell units is .

[0110] Based on the current power generation of each fuel cell unit that is in operation Determine the current total power generation of the fuel cell unit. ,in, In determining the current total power generation capacity of the fuel cell unit Next, it is necessary to further determine the current actual average power of each fuel cell unit. ,in, The current actual average power reflects the current average power generation level of each fuel cell unit and serves as a benchmark for subsequent power allocation.

[0111] Based on power demand Compared with the current operating power of the energy storage battery The difference determines the total power demand of multiple fuel cell units. ,Right now Then, based on the total power demand... Given the number N of fuel cell units in operation, determine the average power of each fuel cell unit. ,Right now This average power reflects the average power that each fuel cell unit would need to handle if the total power demand were evenly distributed among all operating fuel cell units.

[0112] Then, based on the average power of each fuel cell unit... Based on the ratio with the current power generation capacity, determine the target power generation capacity for each fuel cell unit. ,Right now ,in, This refers to the current ratio of power generation.

[0113] Based on the method for determining the target power output of each fuel cell unit, it can be determined that for units with a current power output higher than the current actual average power output... The target power output allocated to the fuel cell unit will also be higher than the average power output. For current power generation capacity that is lower than the current actual average power generation capacity The target power output allocated to the fuel cell unit will also be lower than the average power output. The power variation ratio of each fuel cell unit remains consistent.

[0114] In this embodiment, we take the example of all 12 fuel cell units being in operation, and assume that the current power demand is... =750kW, the current operating power of the energy storage battery If the power requirement is 0kW, then the total power demand of multiple fuel cell units is... for: .

[0115] The current power generation capacities of the 12 fuel cell units are: 30kW, 35kW, 40kW, 30kW, 30kW, 25kW, 30kW, 40kW, 30kW, 30kW, 30kW, 25kW. What is the current total power generation capacity of the fuel cell units? The actual average power of each fuel cell unit is determined to be 375kW. for: .

[0116] In addition, the average power of each fuel cell unit for: .

[0117] Based on the above data, the target power generation of each fuel cell unit is determined as follows:

[0118]

[0119]

[0120]

[0121]

[0122]

[0123]

[0124]

[0125]

[0126]

[0127]

[0128]

[0129]

[0130] The above analysis confirms that the target power output of fuel cell units with a current output of 40kW, such as fuel cell units 3 and 8, is 80kW, the highest among the 12 fuel cell units. Conversely, the target power output of fuel cell units with a current output of 25kW, such as fuel cell units 6 and 12, is 50kW, the lowest among the 12 fuel cell units. The power increase ratio for each fuel cell unit is 750kW / 375kW = 2 times, meaning all fuel cell units are synchronously loaded at the same ratio, and the power change of each fuel cell unit is directly proportional to its current output level.

[0131] After determining the target power output of each group of fuel cell units, the corresponding fuel cell units are controlled to generate electricity according to the target power output, so that the total power output of the power generation system gradually reaches the power demand value of the grid.

[0132] The power rapid response method disclosed in this embodiment first calculates the average power based on the total required power and the number of fuel cell units in operation. Then, it determines the target power generation based on the ratio between the average power of each fuel cell unit and its current power generation. This embodiment ensures that the target power generation of all fuel cell units maintains the same ratio to their respective current power generation, avoiding the problem of allocating a large amount of power to low-power fuel cell units under the average allocation method. This reduces the mechanical and thermal stress on the fuel cell stack, which is beneficial to extending the service life of the fuel cell units. Furthermore, the simultaneous loading of multiple fuel cell units avoids the impact of delayed response from some fuel cell units on the overall response speed, thus improving the overall response efficiency of the power generation system.

[0133] This embodiment discloses a fast power response method, the flowchart of which is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it includes:

[0134] Step S41: Obtain the power demand value, the current operating power of the energy storage battery, and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in the multiple fuel cell units;

[0135] Step S42: Determine the power deviation value based on the power demand value and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in the multiple fuel cell units;

[0136] Step S43: Based on the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery and the current operating power, determine whether the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value.

[0137] Step S44: In response to the energy storage battery meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, control the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation value and control each fuel cell unit to maintain the current power generation.

[0138] Step S45: Determine the total power demand of multiple fuel cell units based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery;

[0139] Step S46: Allocate the total power demand to each fuel cell unit according to the current power generation of each fuel cell unit, and control each fuel cell unit to generate power according to the allocated target power generation.

[0140] Step S47: In response to the energy storage battery not meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, determine the total demand power of multiple fuel cell units based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery, allocate the total demand power to each fuel cell unit according to the current power generation power of each fuel cell unit, and control each fuel cell unit to generate power according to the allocated target power generation power.

[0141] When it is determined that the energy storage battery meets the supply demand for the power deviation value, the energy storage battery responds to the power deviation value and at the same time controls each fuel cell unit to maintain its current power generation power unchanged.

[0142] For example, if the current power outputs of the 12 fuel cell units are 30kW, 35kW, 40kW, 30kW, 30kW, 25kW, 30kW, 40kW, 30kW, 30kW, 30kW, and 25kW respectively, then the total current power output of the fuel cell units is 375kW, and the current operating power of the energy storage battery is 0kW. If the power demand from the grid is 500kW, then the power deviation is 500kW - 375kW = 125kW. If the energy storage battery can meet the 125kW power deviation demand, then the energy storage battery is controlled to discharge 125kW, while the 12 fuel cell units are controlled to maintain their current power outputs. At this point, the total output power of the power generation system is 375kW + 125kW = 500kW, which meets the grid's power demand.

[0143] When the energy storage battery bears the power deviation, it remains in a discharged state, and its state of charge (SOC) gradually decreases. If the battery continues to bear this power deviation without recovery, it will continuously deplete its power, potentially affecting its health and subsequent power peak-shaving capabilities. This also negatively impacts the long-term stable operation of the power generation system. Therefore, after the energy storage battery responds to the power deviation, a power adjustment operation is necessary to transition the power generation system from the temporary operating state where the battery bears the power deviation to a steady-state operating state where the fuel cell unit is the primary power source.

[0144] Specifically, based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery, the total power demand of multiple fuel cell units is determined. This total power demand is the total power demand that multiple fuel cell units need to undertake under steady-state operation. The total power demand can be allocated to each fuel cell unit according to the current power generation of each fuel cell unit to determine the target power generation of each fuel cell unit. This process is the same as in the above embodiment, that is: based on the total power demand and the number of fuel cell units in operation, the average power of each fuel cell unit is determined, and based on the ratio of the average power of each fuel cell unit to the current power generation, the target power generation of each fuel cell unit is determined. The specific details will not be repeated here.

[0145] Each fuel cell unit needs to be adjusted according to the allocated target power output. During the adjustment process, the load increase / decrease rate can be preset to control each fuel cell unit from its current power output. Gradually adjust to target power generation capacity Each group of fuel cell units is loaded synchronously according to the calibrated loading and unloading rate to ensure that the power ratio of each fuel cell unit remains consistent during the loading process.

[0146] During the adjustment process, the total power of the power generation system must always meet the power demand of the power grid. As the total power generation of multiple fuel cell units gradually increases, the power carried by the energy storage battery gradually decreases accordingly. For every unit of power output of the fuel cell unit, the energy storage battery reduces its power output by one unit.

[0147] Once each group of fuel cell units reaches its target power output, the total power output of the multiple fuel cell units will be: The current operating power of the energy storage battery has been restored to This means that the power is restored to the initial power value before the response power deviation value. At this point, the power generation system has completed a smooth transition from the energy storage battery prioritizing response to multiple fuel cell units as the main power source. The multiple fuel cell units undertake all the grid power demand, and the energy storage battery returns to its initial working state.

[0148] The power fast response method disclosed in this embodiment, after the energy storage battery responds to the power deviation value, redetermines the total power of the fuel cell unit based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery, and controls the fuel cell unit to generate electricity according to the allocated target power, so that the current operating power of the energy storage battery gradually recovers to the power value before the response. This method ensures that the energy storage battery can automatically exit power compensation and return to standby or reserve state after completing the fast response task, which is beneficial to maintaining the state of charge balance of the energy storage battery and extending its service life. Furthermore, after achieving a fast response to the power demand of the grid, a power adjustment operation is then performed to smoothly transition the power output to be undertaken by the fuel cell unit. The control strategy of these two stages takes into account both response speed and operating economy, and achieves an effective connection between the fast response stage and the subsequent steady-state operation stage, ensuring the continuity and stability of power supply.

[0149] This embodiment discloses a fast power response method, the flowchart of which is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, it includes:

[0150] Step S51: Obtain the power demand value, the current operating power of the energy storage battery, and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in the multiple fuel cell units;

[0151] Step S52: Determine the power deviation value based on the power demand value and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in the multiple fuel cell units;

[0152] Step S53: Based on the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery and the current operating power, determine whether the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value.

[0153] Step S54: In response to the energy storage battery meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, control the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation value and control each fuel cell unit to maintain the current power generation.

[0154] Step S55: In response to the energy storage battery not meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, determine the total demand power of multiple fuel cell units based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery, allocate the total demand power to each fuel cell unit according to the current power generation power of each fuel cell unit, and control each fuel cell unit to generate power according to the allocated target power generation power.

[0155] Step S56: After each fuel cell unit reaches the target power generation, adjust the power generation of each fuel cell unit in the multiple fuel cell units so that the health status, working efficiency and power fluctuation of each fuel cell unit meet the target conditions.

[0156] When it is determined that the energy storage battery does not meet the power deviation requirement, the power requirement is borne by each of the multiple fuel cell units in operation, so that each fuel cell unit can generate power according to the allocated target power. When it is determined that the energy storage battery meets the power deviation requirement, the energy storage battery responds to the power deviation, thereby achieving a rapid response to the power requirement. After the rapid response is completed, the supply of the power deviation needs to be switched to the fuel cell units until each of the fuel cell units in operation can generate power according to the allocated target power.

[0157] Regardless of the scenario described above, once it is determined that each operating fuel cell unit has reached its corresponding target power output, the power output of each fuel cell unit needs to be adjusted to ensure that the health status, operating efficiency, and power fluctuations of each fuel cell unit meet the target conditions. Specifically, the power output adjustment is initiated only after it is determined that each operating fuel cell unit has reached its corresponding target power output and entered steady-state operation. This steady-state operation can be defined as follows: if the duration for which each operating fuel cell unit reaches its corresponding target power output reaches the target duration, then it is determined to be in steady-state operation; or, if each operating fuel cell unit reaches its target power output and the fluctuation value of its power output within the target duration is less than a preset fluctuation threshold, then it is determined to be in steady-state operation.

[0158] When each fuel cell unit is in steady-state operation, the current state parameters of each fuel cell unit are acquired. These parameters may include: the current power generation of each fuel cell unit, the health status of each fuel cell unit, the operating efficiency of each fuel cell unit, and the power change value of each fuel cell unit within adjacent calculation cycles. The health status characterizes the degree of performance degradation of the fuel cell stack and can be obtained through comprehensive evaluation using online monitoring parameters such as stack voltage and internal resistance. The operating efficiency is determined by the efficiency characteristic curve of the fuel cell unit, reflecting the fuel utilization efficiency of the fuel cell unit at different power output points. The power change value is used to assess power fluctuations.

[0159] When each fuel cell unit is in steady-state operation, the health status, efficiency, and power fluctuation of each fuel cell unit are used as optimization targets to determine the power generation adjustment scheme of each fuel cell unit. Specifically, under the premise of ensuring that the total power of the power generation system meets the grid demand, the power adjustment direction and adjustment amount of each fuel cell unit need to be determined so that the adjusted power distribution meets the target conditions. The target conditions may include: health status conditions, efficiency conditions, and power fluctuation conditions.

[0160] The health status conditions are as follows: power allocation should be conducive to the balanced health status of each fuel cell unit. Units with better health status can appropriately bear more power, while units with poor health status should appropriately reduce their power burden to avoid the problem of accelerated degradation of aging fuel cell units due to overload. The operating efficiency condition is that power allocation should enable as many fuel cell units as possible to operate near their optimal efficiency point. Each fuel cell unit has an optimal operating power point, which is the power value corresponding to the highest efficiency point. Power allocation should make the actual power generation of each fuel cell unit as close as possible to its optimal operating power point. The power fluctuation condition is that power allocation should avoid frequent or drastic power fluctuations in each fuel cell unit during the adjustment process. The power changes of each unit should be smooth and continuous.

[0161] An optimization algorithm can be used to determine the power allocation scheme for each fuel cell unit that meets the above objective conditions. Using the current power generation of each fuel cell unit as the initial value, iterative calculations are used to find the power allocation scheme that comprehensively optimizes health status, operating efficiency, and power fluctuations. The determined optimal power allocation scheme is then distributed to each fuel cell unit, controlling each unit to operate at the corresponding power generation capacity within the optimal power allocation scheme.

[0162] Taking the example of all 12 fuel cell units being in operation, the power demand of the grid being 500kW, and the current operating power of the energy storage battery being 0kW, the sum of the power generation of the 12 fuel cell units must be equal to 500kW. If the current power generation of the 12 fuel cell units is 41.67kW each, that is, 500kW is evenly distributed among the 12 fuel cell units, then each fuel cell unit is operating at the same power point.

[0163] Obtain the health status data of each fuel cell unit. If the health status SOH of fuel cell unit 3 is good (e.g., SOH=0.98), the health status of fuel cell unit 6 is poor (e.g., SOH=0.88), and the health status of other fuel cell units is at a medium level, then during adjustment, the power generation of fuel cell unit 3 can be appropriately increased, while the power generation of fuel cell unit 6 can be appropriately reduced, so that the power allocation can be tilted towards the fuel cell unit with the better health status.

[0164] Meanwhile, the working efficiency of each fuel cell unit is also considered. If the optimal operating power point of all fuel cell units is 50kW, then the power generation of each fuel cell unit should be made as close as possible to 50kW during adjustment. In addition, since the total power is 500kW, the average power of the 12 fuel cell units is 41.67kW, which cannot meet the requirement that all fuel cell units reach 50kW. At this time, through optimization calculation, under the premise of meeting the total power constraint, as many fuel cell units as possible can be made close to the optimal operating power point.

[0165] In addition, the power fluctuation of each fuel cell unit must be considered. During the adjustment process, it is necessary to ensure that the power change of each fuel cell unit is gradual and to avoid large power fluctuations in some fuel cell units.

[0166] During the steady-state operation of the power generation system, it is necessary to continuously monitor the health status, operating efficiency, and power fluctuations of each fuel cell unit, and continuously fine-tune the power allocation of each fuel cell unit based on the monitoring results. When the health status of a fuel cell unit changes, its power allocation is adjusted accordingly. For example, if the health status deteriorates, the power it undertakes is reduced.

[0167] Furthermore, in the power fast response method disclosed in this embodiment, adjusting the power generation of each fuel cell unit in multiple fuel cell units can be specifically as follows:

[0168] Construct an objective function, which includes at least: an efficiency adjustment term, a health state balance term, and a power fluctuation suppression term. The efficiency adjustment term is determined based on the deviation between the real-time power generation and the optimal operating power of each fuel cell unit, and the health state balance term is determined based on the health state of each fuel cell unit. Determine the power generation of each fuel cell unit according to the objective function.

[0169] The efficiency adjustment is determined based on the deviation between the real-time power generation and the optimal operating power of each fuel cell unit. Each fuel cell unit has an optimal operating power point. This refers to the output power value corresponding to the highest efficiency of the fuel cell unit. This optimal operating power point is usually determined by the efficiency characteristic curve of the fuel cell unit, which can be obtained through the efficiency diagram provided by the stack manufacturer or through on-site efficiency testing. When the actual power generation of the fuel cell unit deviates from its optimal operating power point, the efficiency of the fuel cell unit will decrease and the fuel consumption rate will increase. Therefore, the operating efficiency adjustment term is: the closer the actual power generation of each fuel cell unit is to its optimal operating power point, the smaller the value of this term, thereby guiding each fuel cell unit to operate towards its best efficiency point.

[0170] The health status balancing term is determined based on the health status of each fuel cell unit. The health status (SOH) is a parameter characterizing the degree of performance degradation of the fuel cell units. During power allocation, to extend the lifespan of the entire power generation system, fuel cell units with better health should receive more power, while those with poorer health should receive less power. This prevents aging fuel cell units from accelerating their degradation due to overload. When more power is allocated to fuel cell units with better health, the value of this term is smaller; when more power is allocated to fuel cell units with poorer health, the value of this term is larger, thus guiding power flow towards units with better health during the optimization process.

[0171] The power fluctuation suppression term is used to characterize the power fluctuation of each fuel cell unit during the power adjustment process. During the steady-state adjustment process, if the power of each fuel cell unit changes frequently or the change range is too large, it will cause additional thermal and mechanical stress to the stack, accelerate the performance degradation of the stack, and also affect the quality of the output power. The smoother the power change and the smaller the fluctuation of each fuel cell unit, the smaller the value of the power fluctuation suppression term, thereby suppressing unnecessary power fluctuations during the optimization process.

[0172] The objective function J is obtained by weighted summation of the efficiency adjustment term, the health state equilibrium term, and the power fluctuation suppression term. The weight coefficients in objective function J are used to adjust the relative importance of each term. For example, if the user is more concerned with the fuel economy of the power generation system, the weight coefficient for the efficiency adjustment term can be set larger, making the optimization result more inclined to improve the efficiency of the power generation system. If the user is more concerned with the lifespan balance of each fuel cell unit and the durability of the power generation system, the weight coefficient for the health state equilibrium term can be set larger, making the optimization result more inclined to provide more power from fuel cell units with better health states. If the user is more concerned with operational stability and output power quality, the weight coefficient for the power fluctuation suppression term can be set larger, making the optimization result more inclined to suppress power fluctuations. The specific values ​​of each weight coefficient can be determined through on-site debugging or simulation optimization.

[0173] Specifically, the objective function J can be defined as follows:

[0174]

[0175] Where J is the objective function, For a fuel cell unit in operation, α is the weighting coefficient of the efficiency adjustment term, and β is the weighting coefficient of the health state equilibrium term. The weighting factor is used to prioritize the output power of fuel cell units with high SOH (State of Harmony). The weighting coefficients for the power fluctuation suppression term are... Let j be the real-time power of the j-th fuel cell unit. For the j-th fuel cell unit, For the health status of the j-th fuel cell unit, This represents the power change value of the j-th fuel cell unit within two operation cycles.

[0176] Using the current power generation of each fuel cell unit as the initial value, the power value of each fuel cell unit is found by iteratively searching through numerical optimization algorithms to minimize the objective function J. This power value is the power generation that satisfies the optimal combination of health status, operating efficiency, and power fluctuation. The numerical optimization algorithm can be, for example, gradient descent or sequential quadratic programming.

[0177] When calculating the minimum value of the objective function, it is necessary to determine the constraints to ensure that the power generation of each fuel cell unit obtained from the solution can be safely and reliably executed in the actual power generation system. That is, the constraints are determined, including power balance constraints, output power constraints, and load increase / decrease rate constraints. The power balance constraint is that the sum of the power generation of each fuel cell unit in operation is equal to the difference between the power demand and the current operating power of the energy storage battery. The output power constraint is that the output power of each fuel cell unit is within the target range. The load increase / decrease rate constraint is that the power change of each fuel cell unit within the calculation period does not exceed the product of the maximum load increase / decrease rate of the fuel cell unit and the calculation period. Based on the objective function, the power generation of each fuel cell unit that meets the constraints is determined.

[0178] Power balance constraints are designed to ensure the real-time power balance of a power generation system. This means that the total power output of multiple operating fuel cell units plus the power currently supplied by energy storage batteries must always equal the power required by the grid. There must be no power surplus or shortage at any time; otherwise, the DC bus voltage will deviate from its rated value, affecting the stable operation of the system. The mathematical expression for power balance constraints is: .

[0179] The output power constraint requires that the output power of each fuel cell unit be within the target range, and each fuel cell unit has a minimum allowable output power. and a maximum allowable output power The minimum permissible output power is determined by the low-power operation stability of the fuel cell stack. When the operating power of the fuel cell unit is too low, problems such as water flooding and uneven fuel supply may occur inside the stack, affecting the stability and lifespan of the fuel cell unit. The maximum permissible output power is determined by the rated power of the stack or the system design capacity. Exceeding this power may lead to safety issues such as stack overheating and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) damage. Therefore, the output power of the fuel cell unit must be within the target range consisting of the minimum and maximum permissible output power. That is, the maximum value of this target range is the maximum permissible output power, and the minimum value of this target range is the minimum permissible output power. Furthermore, the target range may be the same or different for different fuel cell units.

[0180] In actual operation, as the fuel cell unit is used for a longer period of time, its stack will experience performance degradation and the State of Health (SOH) will gradually decrease. Therefore, the actual maximum usable power of the fuel cell unit should decrease accordingly with the decline in its SOH; that is, the maximum allowable output power should be multiplied by the SOH coefficient of the fuel cell unit. The mathematical form of the power output constraint is: .

[0181] The load ramp-up / ramp-down rate constraint requires that the absolute value of the power change of each fuel cell unit within an adjacent operating cycle does not exceed the product of the maximum load ramp-up / ramp-down rate of the fuel cell unit and the operating cycle. Fuel cell units are limited by the electrochemical reaction rate and the response speed of the gas supply system; their power output cannot change abruptly but must rise or fall smoothly at a certain rate. If the power change rate is too fast, the gas supply system may not be able to keep up in time, resulting in insufficient fuel inside the stack, causing a sudden voltage drop or even damage to the membrane electrode assembly. The mathematical form of the load ramp-up / ramp-down rate constraint is: ,in, Δt represents the maximum allowable load increase / decrease rate for each fuel cell unit, and Δt represents the calculation period.

[0182] After determining the above three constraints, the objective function needs to be calculated under the premise of satisfying all constraints. The power output of each fuel cell unit when the objective function is minimized is obtained. Specifically, in each calculation cycle, the following needs to be done: obtain the current state parameters, which may include: the power demand of the power grid, the current operating power of the energy storage battery, the current power output of each fuel cell unit in operation, the health status of each fuel cell unit, and the maximum load increase / decrease rate of each fuel cell unit; use the current power output of each fuel cell unit as the initial value, and search for the power values ​​of each group that minimize the objective function within the feasible region that satisfies the power balance constraint, output power constraint, and load increase / decrease rate constraint; finally, send the solved power values ​​to the corresponding fuel cell units for execution.

[0183] The power rapid response method disclosed in this embodiment, during the steady-state operation of multiple fuel cell units at their respective target power outputs, uses the health status, operating efficiency, and power fluctuations of each fuel cell unit as optimization targets to guide each fuel cell unit to operate in its optimal health state. This avoids accelerated degradation of aging fuel cell units due to overload, achieves balanced utilization of the health status of each fuel cell unit, and effectively extends the service life of the entire power generation system. It guides each fuel cell unit closer to its optimal efficiency operating point, and through continuous optimization, ensures that as many fuel cell units as possible operate within their optimal efficiency range, improving the fuel utilization efficiency of the entire power generation system and reducing operating costs. Furthermore, it ensures that the power of each fuel cell unit changes smoothly and continuously during power adjustment, avoiding the thermal and mechanical stress impacts on the fuel cell stack caused by frequent power fluctuations, which is beneficial for extending the stack's lifespan and ensuring the quality of the output power.

[0184] This embodiment discloses a power fast response system, the structural schematic diagram of which is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, it includes:

[0185] The system includes an acquisition unit 61, a first determination unit 62, a second determination unit 63, a first control unit 64, and a second control unit 65.

[0186] The obtaining unit 61 is used to obtain the power demand value, the current operating power of the energy storage battery, and the current power generation power of each fuel cell unit in the multiple fuel cell units.

[0187] The first determining unit 62 is used to determine the power deviation value based on the power demand value and the current power generation power of each fuel cell unit in the multiple fuel cell units;

[0188] The second determining unit 63 is used to determine whether the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value based on the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery and the current operating power.

[0189] The first control unit 64 is used to control the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation value in response to the power deviation value, and to control each fuel cell unit to maintain the current power generation.

[0190] The second control unit 65 is used to respond to the energy storage battery not meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, determine the total demand power of multiple fuel cell units based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery, allocate the total demand power to each fuel cell unit according to the current power generation power of each fuel cell unit, and control each fuel cell unit to generate power according to the allocated target power generation power.

[0191] The power fast response system disclosed in this embodiment is implemented based on the power fast response method disclosed in the above embodiments, and will not be described again here.

[0192] The power fast response system disclosed in this application directly utilizes the fast response characteristics of the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation when the energy storage battery can meet the power deviation supply demand. This enables the power generation system to respond to the power demand in a very short time, improving the response efficiency of the microgrid to instantaneous power requests. Secondly, when the energy storage battery cannot handle the power deviation, the system allocates corresponding power generation to each fuel cell unit, avoiding the problem of some units bearing excessive power and causing abnormalities in the power generation system. This ensures that the power generation system can effectively respond to power demands under different operating conditions. In addition, before calling the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation, the system first judges whether it can safely handle the power deviation based on the energy storage battery's characteristic parameters and current operating power. This avoids the risk of blindly calling the energy storage battery, causing its operating parameters to fail to meet requirements, and ensures the operational safety of the energy storage battery and the entire power generation system.

[0193] This embodiment discloses an electronic device, the structural schematic diagram of which is shown below. Figure 7 As shown, it includes:

[0194] Memory 71 and processor 72.

[0195] Among them, memory 71 is used to store computer programs;

[0196] Processor 72 is used to execute computer programs to enable the electronic device to perform the following steps:

[0197] Obtain the power demand value, the current operating power of the energy storage battery, and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in multiple fuel cell units;

[0198] The power deviation value is determined based on the power demand value and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in multiple fuel cell units.

[0199] Based on the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery and its current operating power, determine whether the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value.

[0200] In response to the energy storage battery meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, the control is made to control the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation value and control each fuel cell unit to maintain the current power generation capacity;

[0201] In response to the energy storage battery not meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, the total demand power of multiple fuel cell units is determined based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery. The total demand power is allocated to each fuel cell unit according to the current power generation of each fuel cell unit, and each fuel cell unit is controlled to generate power according to the allocated target power generation.

[0202] The electronic device disclosed in this embodiment is implemented based on the power fast response method disclosed in the above embodiments, and will not be described again here.

[0203] The electronic device disclosed in this application, when the energy storage battery can meet the power deviation supply demand, directly utilizes the fast response characteristics of the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation, enabling the power generation system to respond to the power demand in a very short time, thus improving the response efficiency of the microgrid to instantaneous power requests. Secondly, when the energy storage battery cannot handle the power deviation, it allocates corresponding power generation to each fuel cell unit, avoiding the problem of some units bearing excessive power and causing abnormalities in the power generation system, ensuring that the power generation system can effectively respond to power demands under different operating conditions. In addition, before calling the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation, it first judges whether the energy storage battery can safely handle the power deviation based on its characteristic parameters and current operating power, avoiding the risk of blindly calling the energy storage battery and causing its operating parameters to fail to meet the requirements, thus ensuring the operational safety of the energy storage battery and the entire power generation system.

[0204] This application embodiment also provides a readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon. The computer program is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the steps of the above-described power fast response method. The specific implementation process can be referred to the description of the corresponding part of the above embodiment, and will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0205] This application also proposes a computer program product or computer program including computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of an electronic device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the electronic device to perform the methods provided in the various optional implementations of the above-described power fast response method. Specific implementation processes can be referred to the descriptions of the corresponding embodiments above, and will not be repeated here.

[0206] It should also be noted that the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. In addition, in the device embodiment drawings provided in this application, the connection relationship between modules indicates that they have a communication connection, which can be implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines.

[0207] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that this application can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware, or it can be implemented by special-purpose hardware including application-specific integrated circuits, special-purpose CPUs, special-purpose memory, special-purpose components, etc. Generally, any function performed by a computer program can be easily implemented by corresponding hardware, and the specific hardware structure used to implement the same function can also be diverse, such as analog circuits, digital circuits, or special-purpose circuits. However, for this application, software program implementation is more often the preferred implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a readable storage medium, such as a computer floppy disk, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, or optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, training equipment, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0208] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product.

[0209] The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, training device, or data center to another website, computer, training device, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can store or a data storage device such as a training device or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., DVDs), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state drives (SSDs)).

Claims

1. A fast power response method, characterized in that, include: Obtain the power demand value, the current operating power of the energy storage battery, and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in multiple fuel cell units; The power deviation value is determined based on the power demand value and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in the plurality of fuel cell units. Based on the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery and its current operating power, determine whether the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value. In response to the energy storage battery meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, the system controls the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation value and controls each fuel cell unit to maintain the current power generation. In response to the energy storage battery not meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, the total demand power of the multiple fuel cell units is determined based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery. The total demand power is allocated to each fuel cell unit according to the current power generation power of each fuel cell unit, and each fuel cell unit is controlled to generate power according to the allocated target power generation power.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining whether the energy storage battery meets the supply requirement for the power deviation value based on the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery and its current operating power includes: Based on the open-circuit voltage and DC internal resistance of the energy storage battery under the current state of charge, current operating power, and current operating time, determine the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery when it bears the power deviation value; Determine whether the terminal voltage exceeds the target threshold, and obtain the determination result; In response to the judgment result indicating that the terminal voltage does not exceed the target threshold, it is determined that the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value; In response to the judgment result indicating that the terminal voltage exceeds the target threshold, it is determined that the energy storage battery does not meet the supply requirements for the power deviation value.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery when it bears the power deviation value based on the open-circuit voltage and DC internal resistance of the energy storage battery under the current state of charge, current operating power, and current operating duration includes: Obtain a pre-established characteristic parameter table of the energy storage battery, which includes the correspondence between the open circuit voltage and DC internal resistance of the energy storage battery under different states of charge, different operating power, and different operating durations and the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery. Query the characteristic parameter table to determine the terminal voltage corresponding to the open circuit voltage and DC internal resistance of the energy storage battery under the current state of charge, current operating power, and current operating time.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of allocating the total required power to each fuel cell unit based on the current power generation of each fuel cell unit includes: The average power of each fuel cell unit is determined based on the total required power and the number of fuel cell units in operation. The target power output of each fuel cell unit is determined based on the ratio of the average power output of each fuel cell unit to the current power output.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After controlling the energy storage battery to maintain the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in response to the power deviation value in response to the energy storage battery meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, the method further includes: The total power demand of the multiple fuel cell units is determined based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery. The total required power is allocated to each fuel cell unit based on the current power generation of each fuel cell unit, and each fuel cell unit is controlled to generate power according to the allocated target power generation.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, Also includes: After each group of fuel cell units reaches the target power generation, the power generation of each group of fuel cell units is adjusted so that the health status, operating efficiency and power fluctuation of each group of fuel cell units meet the target conditions.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adjustment of the power generation of each fuel cell unit in the plurality of fuel cell units includes: Construct an objective function, which includes at least: an efficiency adjustment term, a health state balance term, and a power fluctuation suppression term. The efficiency adjustment term is determined based on the deviation between the real-time power generation and the optimal operating power of each fuel cell unit. The health state balance term is determined based on the health state of each fuel cell unit. The power generation of each fuel cell unit is determined based on the objective function.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Determining the power generation of each fuel cell unit based on the objective function includes: The constraints are defined as follows: power balance constraint, output power constraint, and load increase / decrease rate constraint. The power balance constraint is that the sum of the power generation of each fuel cell unit in operation is equal to the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery. The output power constraint is that the output power of each fuel cell unit is within the target range. The load increase / decrease rate constraint is that the power change value of each fuel cell unit within the calculation cycle does not exceed the product of the maximum load increase / decrease rate of the fuel cell unit and the calculation cycle. Based on the objective function, determine the power generation of each fuel cell unit that satisfies the constraints.

9. A power fast response system, characterized in that, include: The acquisition unit is used to obtain the power demand value, the current operating power of the energy storage battery, and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in multiple fuel cell units; The first determining unit is used to determine the power deviation value based on the power demand value and the current power generation power of each of the multiple fuel cell units; The second determining unit is used to determine whether the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value based on the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery and the current operating power. A first control unit is configured to, in response to the energy storage battery meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, control the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation value and control each fuel cell unit to maintain the current power generation power. The second control unit is configured to, in response to the energy storage battery not meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, determine the total demand power of the multiple fuel cell units based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery, allocate the total demand power to each fuel cell unit based on the current power generation power of each fuel cell unit, and control each fuel cell unit to generate power according to the allocated target power generation power.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor is configured to execute the computer program to enable the electronic device to perform the following steps: Obtain the power demand value, the current operating power of the energy storage battery, and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in multiple fuel cell units; The power deviation value is determined based on the power demand value and the current power generation of each fuel cell unit in the plurality of fuel cell units. Based on the characteristic parameters of the energy storage battery and its current operating power, determine whether the energy storage battery meets the supply requirements for the power deviation value. In response to the energy storage battery meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, the system controls the energy storage battery to respond to the power deviation value and controls each fuel cell unit to maintain the current power generation. In response to the energy storage battery not meeting the supply demand for the power deviation value, the total demand power of the multiple fuel cell units is determined based on the difference between the power demand value and the current operating power of the energy storage battery. The total demand power is allocated to each fuel cell unit according to the current power generation power of each fuel cell unit, and each fuel cell unit is controlled to generate power according to the allocated target power generation power.

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