An energy storage system and an energy storage tank
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610869098.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-27
Smart Images
Figure CN122992905A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to an energy storage system and an energy storage box. Background Technology
[0002] The energy storage system includes a prefabricated substation and multiple energy storage boxes. The AC terminal of each energy storage box is connected to the low-voltage side of the prefabricated substation via an AC busbar, while the medium-voltage side of the prefabricated substation is used to connect to the power grid. The prefabricated substation is used to convert the electrical energy provided by the multiple energy storage boxes and then supply it to the power grid.
[0003] Each energy storage box includes a controller, and the energy storage system also includes a smart array control unit (SACU). The communication port of the SACU is connected to the communication port of the controller in each energy storage box. Specifically, the communication port of the SACU is connected to the communication port of the controller in each energy storage box via underground cables, so that the SACU and the controllers in multiple energy storage boxes can communicate through the communication links between the corresponding communication ports to control the energy storage boxes.
[0004] However, in actual construction, the wiring between the SACU and the controllers in the multiple energy storage boxes requires on-site operations such as wiring, trenching, and connection, which will result in a long construction period and high operational difficulty. At the same time, due to the harsh on-site environment and the non-standard manual wiring construction, wiring problems are prone to occur, thereby reducing the reliability of the energy storage system. Summary of the Invention
[0005] This application provides an energy storage system and an energy storage box, which solves the problem of long construction period and high difficulty caused by on-site buried wiring between the subarray controller and the controllers in multiple energy storage boxes, and can also avoid reducing the reliability of the energy storage system.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions: A first aspect of this application provides an energy storage system comprising multiple energy storage boxes and a prefabricated substation. The multiple energy storage boxes output electrical energy to a low-voltage interface of the prefabricated substation, which then boosts the voltage of the received electrical energy before transmitting it to the power grid. Each of the multiple energy storage boxes includes a controller, and the prefabricated substation includes a subarray controller. The communication ports of the controllers within the multiple energy storage boxes are connected in series, and the communication port of one of the energy storage boxes is connected to a communication port of the subarray controller. The subarray controller communicates with the controllers in the multiple energy storage boxes through a communication link between the corresponding connected communication ports.
[0007] Based on this scheme, the spacing between adjacent energy storage tanks is fixed during the design phase, and the controllers of multiple energy storage tanks adopt a series connection architecture. Connecting cables between controllers in adjacent energy storage tanks, as well as connecting cables between controllers and subarray controllers, can be prefabricated before actual construction. During actual construction, the prefabricated connecting cables are connected to the corresponding communication ports, thus completing the connection between the controllers in multiple energy storage tanks and between the controllers in the energy storage tanks and the subarray controllers. This allows communication between the subarray controllers and the controllers in multiple energy storage tanks through the communication links between the corresponding communication ports. This method eliminates the need for on-site trenching, wiring, and cabling, reducing on-site construction work, shortening the installation cycle, and thus lowering construction costs. Furthermore, this method is not affected by harsh on-site environments or non-standard manual wiring, avoiding wiring problems and improving the reliability of the energy storage system. In addition, since the controllers in multiple energy storage tanks are connected to the subarray controllers in series, the subarray controllers do not need to be configured with a separate communication port for each energy storage tank, reducing the number of communication ports occupied by the subarray controllers and lowering the hardware cost of the subarray controllers.
[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, each energy storage box includes an AC busbar, a battery cluster, and an energy storage converter. The energy storage converter is used to convert the electrical energy of the battery cluster into power and output it to the AC busbar. The AC busbars of multiple energy storage boxes are connected in series. The AC busbar of the energy storage box at the end of the series path of multiple energy storage boxes is used to output electrical energy to the low-voltage interface of the prefabricated substation.
[0009] Based on this solution, the AC busbars of multiple energy storage boxes are connected in series and the power is uniformly output from the terminal energy storage box to the prefabricated substation, thereby realizing the collection and unified output of power from multiple energy storage boxes, simplifying the wiring structure between the energy storage boxes and the prefabricated substation, and reducing the amount of on-site wiring construction.
[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the energy storage system includes at least two sets of energy storage boxes, and each set of energy storage boxes includes multiple energy storage boxes. The low-voltage interface of the prefabricated substation includes at least two sets of low-voltage interfaces, and the AC busbar of the energy storage box at the end of the series path of each of the at least two sets of energy storage boxes is connected one-to-one with the at least two sets of low-voltage interfaces of the prefabricated substation.
[0011] Based on this scheme, the AC busbar of the energy storage box located at the end of the series path in each group of energy storage boxes is connected one-to-one with the low-voltage interface of the prefabricated substation, so that multiple groups of energy storage boxes can be connected to the prefabricated substation independently and in parallel, realizing electrical isolation between multiple groups of energy storage boxes, preventing a fault in a single group of energy storage boxes from spreading to other groups of energy storage boxes through a common junction point, thereby improving the operational reliability of the energy storage system.
[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the communication network port of the subarray controller includes at least two communication network ports. The communication network port of the controller of the energy storage box at the end of the series path of each of the at least two sets of energy storage boxes is connected one-to-one with the at least two communication network ports of the subarray controller, and the communication network ports of the controllers of the energy storage boxes at the beginning of the series path of any two sets of energy storage boxes are connected in series.
[0013] Based on this scheme, the communication port of the controller in the end energy storage box in each energy storage box series path is connected to one communication port of the subarray controller. Furthermore, the communication ports of the controllers in the beginning energy storage boxes in every two energy storage box series paths are interconnected, achieving redundant communication paths between the subarray controller and the controllers in the energy storage boxes. When one communication port of the subarray controller or a communication port of a controller in a certain energy storage box fails, communication can be maintained through the other communication port, thereby improving communication reliability. In addition, multiple energy storage boxes in two energy storage boxes share two communication ports of the subarray controller. The subarray controller does not need to configure a separate pair of communication ports for each energy storage box branch to form redundant communication paths, reducing the number of communication ports occupied by the subarray controller and lowering the hardware cost and interface resource pressure on the subarray controller.
[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the communication network port of the subarray controller includes at least two communication network ports. The communication network ports of the controllers of multiple energy storage boxes in at least two sets of energy storage boxes are connected in series, and the communication network ports of the controllers of the energy storage boxes located at the beginning and end of the series path of at least two sets of energy storage boxes are connected one-to-one with the two communication network ports of the subarray controller.
[0015] Based on this scheme, the communication ports of the controllers in all energy storage boxes are connected in series, and the communication ports at both ends of the series connection are respectively connected to different communication ports of the subarray controller. In this way, each energy storage box achieves redundant communication through different communication ports of the subarray controller. If any communication port fails, the other communication port can continue communication, improving communication reliability. In addition, multiple energy storage box branches share two communication ports of the subarray controller. The subarray controller does not need to configure a separate pair of communication ports for each energy storage box branch to form a redundant communication path, reducing the number of communication ports occupied by the subarray controller and reducing the hardware cost and interface resource pressure of the subarray controller.
[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, if the communication network port of the controller in any one of the multiple energy storage boxes fails, the controller in any one energy storage box is used to disconnect the communication connection with the communication network port of the controller in the adjacent energy storage box.
[0017] Based on this scheme, when a communication port of a controller in an energy storage tank fails, the communication connection with the energy storage tank adjacent to the failed communication port is disconnected. The single series communication link is split into two independent series communication links, each maintaining communication with the controllers of the normally functioning energy storage tanks on either side through its own two communication ports. In this way, the controllers on either side of the controller corresponding to the failed communication port can still communicate with the subarray controller from their respective ends, preventing the entire link from being interrupted due to a single communication port failure. This achieves communication path reconstruction under fault conditions, further improving the fault tolerance and communication reliability of the energy storage system.
[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, if the controller in any one of the multiple energy storage boxes fails, the controller in any one energy storage box is used to bypass the communication network port of the controller in any one energy storage box according to the bypass command received from the subarray controller.
[0019] Based on this scheme, when the controller of a certain energy storage box fails, for example, the controller in the energy storage box cannot communicate with the subarray controller, the faulty controller is disconnected from the series path to avoid the faulty node affecting the communication between the subarray controller and the controllers in other normal energy storage boxes. This allows the upstream and downstream controllers of the faulty controller to still maintain communication with the subarray controller, achieving fault isolation and improving the fault tolerance of the energy storage system.
[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, the subarray controller communicates with controllers in multiple energy storage boxes via broadcast communication.
[0021] Based on this scheme, the subarray controller communicates with the controllers in each energy storage box via broadcast. A broadcast message can be received by the controllers in all energy storage boxes on the serial link at the same time, without having to send the same data to each controller in each energy storage box individually. This reduces the number of communication interactions and bus occupancy time, thereby improving communication efficiency.
[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the subarray controller is further configured to: communicate with the controllers in the multiple energy storage boxes when the controllers in the multiple energy storage boxes are not faulty and the communication network ports of the controllers in the multiple energy storage boxes are not faulty.
[0023] Based on this solution, when all controllers and their communication ports in the energy storage boxes are functioning normally, the serial communication link between the subarray controller and the controllers in each energy storage box is fully connected. The subarray controller can communicate with the controllers in each energy storage box along the serial path, and the data reported by the controllers in each energy storage box can also be transmitted back to the subarray controller along the serial path, realizing uninterrupted bidirectional communication across the entire link and ensuring the reliability of the energy storage system's communication.
[0024] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, each of the plurality of energy storage boxes further includes a first port and a second port; the first port and second port of each energy storage box are respectively connected in series with the first port and second port of the adjacent energy storage box. In each energy storage box, the communication network port of the controller is connected to the first port and the second port respectively.
[0025] Based on this scheme, each energy storage box is connected in series with adjacent energy storage boxes via a first port and a second port. The controller's communication network port is connected to both the first and second ports. This method allows each energy storage box to be cascaded with adjacent energy storage boxes via the first and second ports, enabling series connection of the controller. Furthermore, during actual construction, prefabricated connection cables are inserted between adjacent energy storage boxes in the order of the first and second ports, reducing the amount of on-site wiring, trenching, and connection work, and shortening the construction period.
[0026] A second aspect of this application provides an energy storage box for outputting electrical energy to the low-voltage interface of a prefabricated substation. The prefabricated substation then boosts the voltage of the electrical energy received at the low-voltage interface before transmitting it to the power grid. The energy storage box includes a controller, whose communication port is used to connect in series with the communication ports of controllers in other energy storage boxes. Furthermore, the communication port of one controller in the series path is also used to connect to a subarray controller. The controller communicates with the subarray controllers via a communication link between their corresponding connected communication ports.
[0027] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the energy storage box includes an AC busbar, a battery cluster, and an energy storage converter. The energy storage converter is used to convert the electrical energy of the battery cluster into power and output it to the AC busbar. The AC busbar of the energy storage box is also used to connect in series with the AC busbars of other energy storage boxes. The AC busbar of the energy storage box located at the end of the series path of the energy storage boxes is used to output electrical energy to the low-voltage interface of the prefabricated substation.
[0028] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the communication ports of the controllers located at the beginning and end of the energy storage tank in the series path of the energy storage tank are used to connect the two communication ports of the subarray controller.
[0029] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one implementation, in the event of a communication port failure of the controller, the controller is used to disconnect the communication link with the communication port of the controller in the adjacent energy storage box.
[0030] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one implementation, in the event of a controller failure, the controller is configured to bypass the controller's communication network port according to a bypass command received from the subarray controller.
[0031] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the energy storage box further includes a first port and a second port; the first port and the second port of the energy storage box are respectively connected in series with the first port and the second port of an adjacent energy storage box. The controller's communication network port is connected to the first port and the second port respectively.
[0032] The description of the second aspect in this application can be referred to the detailed description of the first aspect; and the beneficial effects of the second aspect can be referred to the analysis of the beneficial effects of the first aspect, which will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description
[0033] Figure 1 A circuit topology diagram of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another energy storage system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 4 A circuit topology diagram of another energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating another application scenario of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 A circuit topology diagram of another energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 A circuit topology diagram of another energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 8 A circuit topology diagram of another energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 9 A circuit topology diagram of another energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a communication transmission architecture provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of another communication transmission architecture provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 A schematic diagram of another communication transmission architecture provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a communication process architecture provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0034] The following sections will discuss the fabrication and use of various embodiments in detail. However, it should be understood that many applicable inventive concepts provided in this application can be implemented in a variety of specific environments. The specific embodiments discussed are merely illustrative of specific ways of implementing and using this description and technology, and do not limit the scope of this application.
[0035] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0036] Each circuit or other component may be described or referred to as "for" performing one or more tasks. In this context, "for" is used to imply a structure by indicating that the circuit / component includes a structure (e.g., a circuit system) that performs one or more tasks during operation. Therefore, even when the specified circuit / component is currently inoperable (e.g., not turned on), it can still be referred to as "for performing that task." Circuits / components used with the term "for" include hardware, such as circuits that perform operations.
[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this application, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "more than one" refers to two or more. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship. In addition, in the embodiments of this application, the words "first," "second," etc., do not limit the quantity or order.
[0038] In this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or illustration. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.
[0039] Before introducing the embodiments of this application, the application scenarios involved in this application will be introduced first.
[0040] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a circuit topology of an energy storage system 100 according to an embodiment of this application. The energy storage system 100 includes a prefabricated substation 110 and multiple energy storage boxes (121, 122, ...). The multiple energy storage boxes are used to output electrical energy to the low-voltage interface of the prefabricated substation 110, and the prefabricated substation 110 is used to boost the electrical energy received by the low-voltage interface and transmit it to the power grid 200.
[0041] Each energy storage box includes an AC busbar (BUS), a power conversion system (PCS), and a battery cluster (BC). The PCS converts the electrical energy from the battery cluster (BC) into power and outputs it to the AC busbar (BUS). The AC busbars of multiple energy storage boxes are connected in series. The AC busbar of the energy storage box at the end of the series path is used to output electrical energy to the low-voltage interface of the prefabricated substation 110.
[0042] Specifically, energy storage boxes 121 and 122 can be a group of energy storage boxes; similarly, energy storage boxes 123 and 124 can be a group of energy storage boxes, and so on, with energy storage boxes 127 and 128 forming a group of energy storage boxes. The AC busbars of multiple energy storage boxes in each group are connected in series, and the AC busbar of the energy storage box at the end of the series path is used to output electrical energy to the low-voltage interface of the prefabricated substation 110.
[0043] In one implementation, reference is made to Figure 1 The transformer T in the prefabricated substation 110 is a low-voltage double-split three-winding transformer. This transformer T includes one medium-voltage winding and two low-voltage windings coupled to this medium-voltage winding. The medium-voltage winding is the medium-voltage side of the prefabricated substation 110, and the two low-voltage windings are the two low-voltage sides of the prefabricated substation 110. Four energy storage boxes are connected to these two low-voltage windings respectively. Each energy storage box may include multiple energy storage converters (PCS) and multiple battery clusters (BC) connected to the DC terminals of the multiple energy storage converters (PCS).
[0044] In one implementation, continue to refer to Figure 1 The energy storage system 100 may further include a subarray controller 130, which may be referred to as an SACU, and the subarray controller 130 is exemplified by being installed in a prefabricated substation 110. Additionally, each energy storage unit may also include a controller. Multiple communication ports of the subarray controller 130 are respectively connected to the controller inside each energy storage unit to communicate with the controller in each energy storage unit, thereby obtaining the operating status of the energy storage unit and issuing control commands to it, to achieve status monitoring, charging and discharging control, coordinated scheduling, and safety protection of the entire energy storage system 100.
[0045] The aforementioned communication port specifically refers to the physical interface on the subarray controller 130 or the controller in the energy storage box used for sending and receiving data. Communication cables are connected through this interface to enable data interaction between devices.
[0046] Specifically, such as Figure 2The diagram shown is a schematic representation of an energy storage system 100 provided in this application embodiment. The output of the subarray controller 130 is connected to the communication port of the controller in each energy storage box via buried cables, enabling communication with the controller inside each energy storage box. Buried cables refer to cables laid underground. The controllers in the energy storage boxes are located within the auxiliary equipment (AE) of the energy storage boxes. The auxiliary equipment (AE) may also include liquid cooling units, fire protection systems, lighting equipment, or monitoring equipment.
[0047] However, during the actual construction of the aforementioned system architecture, the wiring between the subarray controller 130 and the controllers in each energy storage box requires on-site operations such as wiring, trenching, and connection, resulting in a long construction period and high operational difficulty. Furthermore, the harsh on-site environment and non-standardized manual wiring can easily lead to wiring defects, thereby reducing the reliability of the energy storage system. Therefore, how to solve the problem of long construction periods and high difficulty caused by on-site buried wiring between the subarray controller 130 and the controllers in multiple energy storage boxes, and how to avoid reducing the reliability of the energy storage system, has become an urgent technical problem to be solved.
[0048] Based on this, this application provides an energy storage system in which the spacing between adjacent energy storage boxes is fixed during the design phase, and the controllers of multiple energy storage boxes adopt a series connection architecture. Before actual construction, connection cables between controllers in adjacent energy storage boxes, as well as connection cables between controllers and subarray controllers, can be prefabricated. During actual construction, the prefabricated connection cables are connected to the corresponding communication network ports, thereby completing the connection between controllers in multiple energy storage boxes and between controllers in energy storage boxes and subarray controllers. This allows communication between the subarray controllers and controllers in multiple energy storage boxes through communication links between corresponding communication network ports. This method eliminates the need for on-site trenching, wiring, and cabling, reducing on-site construction work, shortening the installation cycle, and thus lowering construction costs. Furthermore, this method is not affected by harsh on-site environments or non-standard manual wiring, avoiding wiring problems and improving the reliability of the energy storage system.
[0049] like Figure 3 The diagram shown is a circuit topology diagram of another energy storage system 300 provided in an embodiment of this application. The energy storage system 300 includes a prefabricated substation 310 and multiple energy storage boxes (321, 322, ...).
[0050] Multiple energy storage boxes (321, 322, etc.) are used to output electrical energy to the low-voltage interface of the prefabricated substation 310. The prefabricated substation 310 is used to step up the electrical energy received by the low-voltage interface and transmit it to the power grid 200.
[0051] Each of the multiple energy storage boxes includes a controller, and the prefabricated substation 310 includes a subarray controller 330. The communication ports of the controllers in the multiple energy storage boxes are connected in series, and the communication port of one of the energy storage boxes is connected to a communication port of the subarray controller 330.
[0052] The subarray controller 330 is used to communicate with the controllers in multiple energy storage boxes through communication links between corresponding connected communication ports.
[0053] The aforementioned subarray controller 330 is installed on the prefabricated substation 310. Specifically, the subarray controller 330 can be mounted on the enclosure of the prefabricated substation 310, or it can be integrated inside the prefabricated substation 310. This installation of the subarray controller 330 on the prefabricated substation minimizes the communication distance between the subarray controller 330 and each energy storage box branch, reducing cable length and line loss. Simultaneously, utilizing the existing installation infrastructure of the prefabricated substation 310 facilitates centralized deployment and unified management, eliminating the need for additional installation locations and reducing installation costs.
[0054] In one embodiment, the controller of the energy storage box can be a cell monitoring unit (CMU). The CMU collects operating status data such as voltage, current and temperature of the battery cluster BC in the energy storage box and reports them to the subarray controller 330. It also receives scheduling instructions from the subarray controller 330 and controls the energy storage converter PCS in the energy storage box to charge or discharge the battery cluster BC.
[0055] In one implementation, see further. Figure 3 Each energy storage box includes an AC busbar (BUS), a battery cluster (BC), and an energy storage converter (PCS). The energy storage converter (PCS) is used to convert the electrical energy of the battery cluster (BC) into power and output it to the AC busbar (BUS). The AC busbars (BSU) of multiple energy storage boxes are connected in series. The AC busbar (BUS) of the energy storage box at the end of the series path of multiple energy storage boxes is used to output electrical energy to the low-voltage interface of the prefabricated substation 310.
[0056] The above Figure 1 and Figure 2 The descriptions of the prefabricated substation 110 and multiple energy storage boxes in the energy storage system 100 can all be referenced from [reference needed]. Figure 3 The box-type substation 310 and multiple energy storage boxes in the energy storage system 300 will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
[0057] In this way, by connecting the AC busbars of multiple energy storage boxes in series and outputting them uniformly to the prefabricated substation 310 from the terminal energy storage box, the power of multiple energy storage boxes can be collected and output uniformly, thereby simplifying the wiring structure between the energy storage boxes and the prefabricated substation 310 and reducing the amount of on-site wiring construction.
[0058] In one implementation, the subarray controller 330 communicates with controllers in multiple energy storage boxes via broadcast communication. In this way, the subarray controller 330 communicates with the controllers in each energy storage box via broadcast, and a single broadcast message can be received simultaneously by the controllers in all energy storage boxes on the serial link. This eliminates the need to send the same data to each controller individually, reducing the number of communication interactions and bus occupancy time, thereby improving communication efficiency.
[0059] In another embodiment, the subarray controller 330 can also communicate with controllers in multiple energy storage boxes via unicast communication, which is not a limitation of this application.
[0060] The energy storage system 300 provided in this application embodiment has a fixed spacing between adjacent energy storage boxes in the same energy storage box branch during the design phase. Furthermore, the controllers of multiple energy storage boxes in the same branch adopt a daisy-chain serial architecture. Before actual construction, connecting cables between controllers in adjacent energy storage boxes, as well as connecting cables between controllers and subarray controllers, can be prefabricated. During actual construction, the prefabricated connecting cables are connected to the corresponding communication network ports to complete the connection between controllers in multiple energy storage boxes, and between controllers in energy storage boxes and subarray controllers 330. This allows communication between subarray controllers 330 and controllers in multiple energy storage boxes through communication links between corresponding communication network ports. This method eliminates the need for on-site trenching, wiring, and cabling, reducing on-site construction work, shortening the installation cycle, and thus lowering construction costs. Moreover, this method is not affected by harsh on-site environments or non-standard manual wiring, avoiding wiring problems and improving the reliability of the energy storage system. In addition, the controllers in multiple energy storage boxes in the same energy storage box branch are connected to the subarray controller 330 in a daisy-chain manner. The subarray controller 330 does not need to be configured with a separate communication network port for each energy storage box, which reduces the number of communication network ports occupied by the subarray controller 330 and lowers the hardware cost of the subarray controller 330.
[0061] In one implementation, Figure 4This is a circuit topology diagram of another energy storage system 300 provided in an embodiment of this application. The energy storage system 300 includes at least two sets of energy storage boxes, and each set of energy storage boxes includes multiple energy storage boxes (321, 322, ...). The low-voltage interface of the prefabricated substation 310 includes at least two sets of low-voltage interfaces. The AC busbar of the energy storage box at the end of the series path of each of the at least two sets of energy storage boxes is connected one-to-one with the at least two sets of low-voltage interfaces of the prefabricated substation 310. Here, four sets of energy storage boxes are used as an example of at least two sets of energy storage boxes; see [link to example]. Figure 4 The numbers 3201, 3202, 3203, and 3204 are listed in the original text.
[0062] The energy storage system 300 provided in this application embodiment has its AC busbar BUS at the end of the series path of each energy storage box connected one-to-one with the low-voltage interface of the prefabricated substation 310. This allows multiple energy storage boxes to be connected to the prefabricated substation 310 independently and in parallel, achieving electrical isolation between multiple energy storage boxes and preventing a single energy storage box fault from spreading to other energy storage boxes through a common junction point, thereby improving the operational reliability of the energy storage system 300.
[0063] like Figure 5 The diagram shown illustrates an application scenario of another energy storage system 300 provided in this embodiment. Figure 5 In this system, the subarray controller 330 is mounted on the prefabricated substation 310. During the design phase of the energy storage system 300, the distances between adjacent energy storage boxes and between the energy storage box and the prefabricated substation 310 are fixed. Therefore, before actual construction, connecting cables between controllers in adjacent energy storage boxes and between controllers in energy storage boxes and subarray controllers 330 can be prefabricated. For example, cable a between controllers in energy storage boxes 321 and 322, and cable b between the controller in energy storage box 321 and subarray controller 330. During actual construction, the prefabricated connecting cables are connected to the communication ports between controllers in adjacent energy storage boxes and between controllers in energy storage boxes and subarray controllers. This enables the connection between controllers in adjacent energy storage boxes and between controllers in energy storage boxes and subarray controllers 330, allowing subarray controllers 330 to communicate with controllers in multiple energy storage boxes through corresponding communication links.
[0064] In actual engineering deployments, AC busbars are typically laid in cable trenches or cable trays as cables or busbar ducts. A certain amount of cable channel or space can be reserved along this laying path to allow the connecting cables between controllers in adjacent energy storage boxes within the same group of energy storage boxes, as well as the connecting cables between controllers in an energy storage box and subarray controllers 330, to be laid along the same route of the AC busbar. In this way, the communication connection cables of the controllers in the energy storage boxes can share the same cable trench or cable tray as the AC busbar, eliminating the need to excavate new trenches and further reducing on-site construction work.
[0065] In one embodiment, the subarray controller 330 has at least two communication ports. The communication port of the controller of the energy storage box at the end of the series path of each of the at least two sets of energy storage boxes is connected one-to-one with the at least two communication ports of the subarray controller 330, and the communication ports of the controllers of the energy storage boxes at the beginning of the series path of any two sets of energy storage boxes are connected in series.
[0066] exist Figure 4 Based on the energy storage system 300 shown, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 The diagram shown is a circuit topology schematic of another energy storage system 300 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 In the case of the prefabricated substation 310, the communication ports of the controllers of energy storage boxes 331 in the two sets of energy storage boxes (3201 and 3203, and 3202 and 3204) located on the same low-voltage side are connected in series. Figure 7 In this system, the communication ports of the controllers of the two sets of energy storage boxes (3201 and 3202, and 3203 and 3204) located on different low-voltage sides of the prefabricated substation 310 are connected in series. That is, the two sets of energy storage boxes located on the same low-voltage side of the prefabricated substation 310 or the two sets of energy storage boxes located on different low-voltage sides of the prefabricated substation 310 can be connected in series with the two communication ports of the subarray controller to form a communication loop. In this way, the subarray controller 330 can communicate with the controllers in the two sets of energy storage boxes through the two correspondingly connected communication ports.
[0067] The energy storage system 300 provided in this application embodiment has a communication network port of the controller in the end energy storage box in each group of energy storage boxes connected to a communication network port of the subarray controller 330. Furthermore, the communication network ports of the controllers in the beginning energy storage boxes in every two groups of energy storage boxes are connected in series, achieving redundant communication paths between the subarray controller 330 and the controllers in the energy storage boxes. When one communication network port of the subarray controller 330 or a communication network port of a controller in a certain energy storage box fails, communication can be maintained through the other communication network port, thereby improving communication reliability. In addition, multiple energy storage boxes in two groups of energy storage boxes share two communication network ports of the subarray controller 330. The subarray controller 330 does not need to configure a separate pair of communication network ports for each group of energy storage boxes to form a redundant communication path, reducing the number of communication network ports occupied by the subarray controller 330 and lowering the hardware cost and interface resource pressure on the subarray controller 330.
[0068] In one implementation, such as Figure 8 The diagram shows a circuit topology of another energy storage system 300 provided in this application embodiment. The subarray controller 330 has at least two communication ports. The communication ports of the controllers of multiple energy storage tanks in at least two sets of energy storage tanks are connected in series, and the communication ports of the controllers of the energy storage tanks located at the beginning and end of the series path of at least two sets of energy storage tanks are connected one-to-one with the two communication ports of the subarray controller 330. That is, the controllers in all energy storage tanks and the subarray controller are connected in series to form a communication loop.
[0069] The energy storage system 300 provided in this application embodiment has its controllers' communication ports connected in series in all energy storage boxes, with the communication ports at both ends of the series connection connected to different communication ports of the subarray controller 330. This allows each energy storage box to achieve redundant communication through different communication ports of the subarray controller, ensuring communication transmission can proceed even if one communication port fails, thus improving communication reliability. Furthermore, multiple energy storage box branches share two communication ports of the subarray controller 330, eliminating the need for the subarray controller 330 to configure a separate pair of communication ports for each energy storage box branch to form redundant communication paths. This reduces the number of communication ports occupied by the subarray controller 330, lowering its hardware cost and reducing interface resource pressure.
[0070] In one implementation, Figure 4 On the basis of, such as Figure 9 The diagram shows a circuit topology of another energy storage system 300 provided in an embodiment of this application. Each of the multiple energy storage boxes further includes a first port c1 and a second port c2; the first port c1 and the second port c2 of each energy storage box are connected in series with the first port c1 and the second port c2 of the adjacent energy storage box, respectively. In each energy storage box, the communication network port of the controller is connected to the first port c1 and the second port c2, respectively.
[0071] In the series connection of multiple energy storage boxes, the communication port of the controller in the end energy storage box is also connected to the subarray controller 330 through the first port c1. In addition, when there are multiple energy storage boxes including at least three energy storage boxes, the communication port of the controller in energy storage box 322 is also connected to the communication port of the controller in energy storage box 323 (not shown in the figure) through the second port c2.
[0072] The energy storage system 300 provided in this application embodiment involves each energy storage box being connected in series with adjacent energy storage boxes via a first port c1 and a second port c2. The communication network ports of the controller are connected to the first port c1 and the second port c2 respectively. This method allows each energy storage box to be cascaded with adjacent energy storage boxes via the first port c1 and the second port c2, enabling series connection of the controller. Furthermore, during actual construction, prefabricated connecting cables are inserted between adjacent energy storage boxes in the order of the first port c1 and the second port c2, reducing the amount of on-site wiring, trenching, and connection work, and shortening the construction cycle.
[0073] In one embodiment, the subarray controller 330 is further configured to communicate with the controllers in the multiple energy storage boxes when the controllers in the multiple energy storage boxes are not faulty and the communication network ports of the controllers in the multiple energy storage boxes are not faulty.
[0074] by Figure 6 Taking the energy storage system 300 shown as an example, as Figure 10 The diagram shows a communication transmission architecture provided in an embodiment of this application. When the controller in the energy storage tank is functioning correctly and its communication port is working properly, the subarray controller 330 communicates with the energy storage tank along communication links. For example, the subarray controller 330 communicates with the controllers of multiple energy storage tanks in the two energy storage phases corresponding to 3201 and 3203 along communication link c, and with the controllers of multiple energy storage tanks in the two energy storage phases corresponding to 3202 and 3204 along communication link d.
[0075] The energy storage system 300 provided in this application embodiment, under the condition that the controllers and their communication ports in all energy storage boxes are normal, the serial communication link between the subarray controller 330 and the controllers in each energy storage box is completely connected. The subarray controller 330 can communicate with the controllers in each energy storage box along the serial path, and the data reported by the controllers in each energy storage box can also be transmitted back to the subarray controller 330 along the serial path, realizing uninterrupted bidirectional communication across the entire link and ensuring the reliability of the energy storage system's communication.
[0076] In one implementation, if the controller in any one of the multiple energy storage boxes fails, the controller in any one of the energy storage boxes is used to bypass the communication network port of the controller in any one of the energy storage boxes according to the bypass command received from the subarray controller 330.
[0077] When the subarray controller 330 detects a fault in the controller of a certain energy storage box, it sends a bypass command to the faulty controller. Although the controller is faulty, it can bypass its corresponding communication network port.
[0078] exist Figure 10 Based on the communication transmission architecture shown, such as Figure 11 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of another communication transmission architecture provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 11 The following example illustrates the problem of a controller failure in energy storage box 322 within a group of energy storage boxes corresponding to 3201. The controller of energy storage box 322 bypasses its communication network port, disconnecting communication with the subarray controller 330, while maintaining communication between the controllers of other energy storage boxes and the subarray controller 330.
[0079] The energy storage system 300 provided in this application embodiment can disconnect the faulty controller from the series path when the controller of a certain energy storage box fails, for example, the controller in the energy storage box cannot communicate with the subarray controller 330. This avoids the faulty node affecting the communication between the subarray controller 330 and the controllers in other normal energy storage boxes, so that the upstream and downstream controllers of the faulty controller can still maintain communication with the subarray controller 330, thereby achieving fault isolation and improving the fault tolerance of the energy storage system 300.
[0080] In one implementation, if the communication port of the controller in any one of the multiple energy storage boxes fails, the controller in any one energy storage box is used to disconnect the communication connection with the communication port of the controller in the adjacent energy storage box.
[0081] Hardware damage to the communication port, such as poor soldering of pins, or problems with the network cable connecting to the communication port, such as broken wires, poor contact of the RJ45 connector, or signal interference, can all lead to communication port failure. When a communication port on the controller fails, it will cause data congestion on that port. The subarray controller 330 can still communicate with the controller in the second target energy storage box through this communication port, but the communication quality will be degraded, and it will also affect the communication between the subarray controller 330 and the controllers in other energy storage boxes. Therefore, this situation needs to be addressed to avoid affecting communication with the controllers in other energy storage boxes.
[0082] exist Figure 10 Based on the communication transmission architecture shown, such as Figure 12 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of another communication transmission architecture provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 12 The following example illustrates the situation where the communication port of the controller for energy storage box 322 in the energy storage box group corresponding to energy storage box 3201 fails. When the communication port of the energy storage box controller is functioning normally, the subarray controller 330 communicates with the controllers of the energy storage boxes in the two energy storage boxes corresponding to energy storage boxes 3201 and 3203 via communication link c-1. If the communication port of the controller for energy storage box 322 in the energy storage box group corresponding to energy storage box 3201 fails, the communication connection with the controller in the adjacent energy storage box is disconnected. Then, the subarray controller communicates with the controller of energy storage box 321 in the energy storage box group corresponding to energy storage box 3201 via communication link c-1, and with the controller of the energy storage box in the energy storage box group corresponding to energy storage box 3203 via communication link c-2.
[0083] The energy storage system 300 provided in this application embodiment, when a communication port of a controller in an energy storage tank fails, disconnects the communication connection with the energy storage tank adjacent to the failed communication port, splitting the single serial communication link into two independent serial communication links. These links maintain communication with the controllers of the normally functioning energy storage tanks on both sides through the two communication ports of the subarray controller 330. In this way, the controllers on both sides of the controller corresponding to the failed communication port can still communicate with the subarray controller 330 from their respective ends, avoiding the interruption of the entire link due to the failure of a single communication port. This achieves communication path reconstruction under fault conditions, further improving the fault tolerance and communication reliability of the energy storage system 300.
[0084] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the subarray controller 330 communicates and interconnects with the controllers in multiple energy storage boxes, and adjusts and adapts according to the status of the controllers and their communication ports in each energy storage box. Specifically, when the controllers in multiple energy storage boxes are working normally, the serial communication links of the controllers in multiple energy storage boxes are normally connected, and the subarray controller 330 communicates with the controllers in multiple energy storage boxes via broadcast. When a controller in a certain energy storage box fails, the subarray controller 330 identifies the anomaly and disconnects the communication port of the failed controller in that energy storage box, while the normal controllers in the remaining energy storage boxes maintain normal communication. When the communication port of a controller in a certain energy storage box is abnormal, the subarray controller identifies the abnormal communication port, disconnects the abnormal communication port, and switches the original serial communication link to two independent communication links, thereby providing communication reliability.
[0085] In one implementation, such as Figure 13The diagram shown is an architectural representation of a communication process according to an embodiment of this application. Each energy storage box also includes a battery control system (BCU), a battery management unit (BMU), and a cluster control switch. Figure 13 The CMU shown is the controller in the energy storage box described in the above embodiment.
[0086] Among them, Figure 13 The example described uses a single energy storage box, which includes a battery cluster BC and an energy storage converter PCS. This application's embodiments are also applicable to energy storage system architectures containing multiple energy storage boxes, each containing multiple battery clusters BC and energy storage converter PCS. Figure 13 In the middle, the bold dashed lines represent communication lines.
[0087] Within an energy storage unit, the BMU collects operational status data such as voltage and temperature from each individual cell in the battery cluster BC and reports this data to the BCU. The BCU then aggregates the operational status data reported by the BMU and further reports it to the CMU within the same energy storage unit. The CMU transmits this operational status data to the subarray controller 330 via a series-connected communication link. Upon receiving the data reported by each CMU, the subarray controller 330 aggregates the data and reports it to the energy management system (EMS) for scheduling and management of the energy storage system 300, a process referred to as "station-level scheduling."
[0088] Based on the dispatching needs of the grid 200 or the operating strategy of the energy storage system 300, the EMS issues dispatching commands regarding charging and discharging to the subarray controller 330. Upon receiving the dispatching commands from the EMS, the subarray controller 330 performs power allocation and strategy decisions based on the operating status data reported by each energy storage unit, and then issues specific control commands to the CMU of each energy storage unit. Upon receiving the control commands from the subarray controller 330, the CMU controls the energy storage converter PCS within its respective energy storage unit to perform corresponding charging and discharging operations, i.e., controlling the PCS to convert the DC power from the battery cluster to AC power to feed back to the grid 200, or to convert the AC power from the grid 200 to DC power to charge the battery cluster BC. Simultaneously, the BCU and BMU collaboratively execute the internal equalization management and protection logic of the battery cluster according to the commands from the CMU.
[0089] In addition, during the charging and discharging process of battery cluster BC, BCU summarizes the operating status data reported by BMU and reports it to sub-array controller 330. Sub-array controller 330 judges based on the operating status data. When a single cell in battery cluster BC is in a normal state, sub-array controller 330 issues a closing command to cause BCU to control the cluster control switch to close, allowing bidirectional energy flow between the energy storage converter PCS and battery cluster BC. When a single cell in battery cluster BC is in an abnormal state, such as overcurrent or overvoltage, sub-array controller 330 issues a disconnect command to cause BCU to control the cluster control switch to open, cutting off the electrical connection between battery cluster BC and energy storage converter PCS, thereby stopping the charging and discharging of battery cluster BC. The cluster control switch can be called a distribution switch.
[0090] Based on the above embodiments, referring to Figures 3 to 12 Taking energy storage box 321 as an example, this application embodiment also provides an energy storage box 321. The energy storage box 321 is used to output electrical energy to the low-voltage interface of the prefabricated substation 310, which then boosts the voltage of the electrical energy received at the low-voltage interface before transmitting it to the power grid 200. The energy storage box 321 includes a controller, whose communication network port is used to connect in series with the communication network ports of controllers in other energy storage boxes. Furthermore, the communication network port of one controller in the series path is also used to connect to a subarray controller 330. The controller communicates with the subarray controller 330 through a communication link between the corresponding connected communication network ports.
[0091] In one embodiment, the energy storage box 321 includes an AC busbar BUS, a battery cluster BC, and an energy storage converter PCS. The energy storage converter PCS is used to convert the electrical energy of the battery cluster into power and output it to the AC busbar BUS. The AC busbar BUS of the energy storage box is also used to connect in series with the AC busbar BUS of other energy storage boxes. The AC busbar BUS of the energy storage box located at the end of the series path of the energy storage box is used to output electrical energy to the low-voltage interface of the box-type substation 310.
[0092] In one embodiment, the communication ports of the controllers located at the beginning and end of the series path of the energy storage box are used to connect to the two communication ports of the subarray controller 330.
[0093] In one implementation, in the event of a communication port failure of the controller, the controller is used to disconnect the communication link with the communication port of the controller in the adjacent energy storage box.
[0094] In one implementation, in the event of a controller failure, the controller is configured to bypass the controller's communication network port according to a bypass command received from the subarray controller 330.
[0095] In one embodiment, the energy storage box further includes a first port c1 and a second port c2; the first port c1 and the second port c2 of the energy storage box are connected in series with the first port c1 and the second port c2 of adjacent energy storage boxes, respectively. The controller's communication network port is connected to the first port c1 and the second port c1, respectively.
[0096] The above detailed description of the energy storage system 300 and the analysis of its beneficial effects can be applied to the energy storage box, and will not be repeated here in the embodiments of this application.
[0097] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. An energy storage system, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes multiple energy storage boxes and prefabricated substations; The plurality of energy storage boxes are used to output electrical energy to the low-voltage interface of the prefabricated substation, and the prefabricated substation is used to step up the electrical energy received by the low-voltage interface and transmit it to the power grid. Each of the plurality of energy storage boxes includes a controller, the box-type substation includes a subarray controller, the communication ports of the controllers in the plurality of energy storage boxes are connected in series, and the communication port of one of the plurality of energy storage boxes is connected to one of the communication ports of the subarray controller. The subarray controller is used to communicate with the controllers in the plurality of energy storage boxes through communication links connected to corresponding communication ports.
2. The energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each energy storage box includes an AC busbar, a battery cluster, and an energy storage converter. The energy storage converter is used to convert the electrical energy of the battery cluster into power and output it to the AC busbar. The AC busbars of the multiple energy storage boxes are connected in series. The AC busbar of the energy storage box at the end of the series path of the multiple energy storage boxes is used to output electrical energy to the low-voltage interface of the box-type substation.
3. The energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes at least two sets of energy storage boxes, and each set of energy storage boxes includes the plurality of energy storage boxes. The low-voltage interface of the prefabricated substation includes at least two sets of low-voltage interfaces. The AC busbar of the energy storage box at the end of the series path of each of the at least two sets of energy storage boxes is connected to the at least two sets of low-voltage interfaces of the prefabricated substation in a one-to-one correspondence.
4. The energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The subarray controller has at least two communication ports. In the series path of each of the at least two sets of energy storage boxes, the communication network port of the controller of the energy storage box at the end of the series path is connected one-to-one with at least two communication network ports of the subarray controller. In the series path of any two sets of energy storage boxes, the communication network ports of the controllers of the energy storage boxes at the beginning of the series path are connected in series.
5. The energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The subarray controller has at least two communication ports. The communication ports of the controllers of multiple energy storage boxes in the at least two sets of energy storage boxes are connected in series, and the communication ports of the controllers of the energy storage boxes located at the beginning and end of the series path of the at least two sets of energy storage boxes are connected one-to-one with the two communication ports of the subarray controller.
6. The energy storage system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, In the event of a communication port failure of the controller in any one of the plurality of energy storage boxes, the controller in that energy storage box is used to disconnect the communication connection with the communication port of the controller in the adjacent energy storage box.
7. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, In the event of a controller failure in any one of the plurality of energy storage boxes, the controller in the specified energy storage box is configured to bypass the communication network port of the controller in the specified energy storage box according to the bypass command received from the subarray controller.
8. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The subarray controller communicates with the controllers in the multiple energy storage boxes via broadcast communication.
9. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The subarray controller is also used for: Under the condition that the controllers in the plurality of energy storage boxes are not faulty and the communication network ports of the controllers in the plurality of energy storage boxes are not faulty, communication is performed with the controllers in the plurality of energy storage boxes.
10. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Each of the plurality of energy storage boxes further includes a first port and a second port; the first port and the second port of each energy storage box are respectively connected in series with the first port and the second port of the adjacent energy storage box. In each energy storage box, the controller's communication network port is connected to the first port and the second port, respectively.
11. An energy storage box, characterized in that, The energy storage box is used to output electrical energy to the low-voltage interface of the prefabricated substation, and the prefabricated substation is used to step up the electrical energy received by the low-voltage interface and transmit it to the power grid. The energy storage box includes a controller, the communication port of which is used to connect in series with the communication ports of controllers in other energy storage boxes, and the communication port of one of the controllers in the series path is also used to connect to the subarray controller. The controller is used to communicate with the subarray controller through a communication link connected to a corresponding communication port.
12. The energy storage box according to claim 11, characterized in that, The energy storage box includes an AC busbar, a battery cluster, and an energy storage converter. The energy storage converter is used to convert the electrical energy of the battery cluster into power and output it to the AC busbar. The AC busbar of the energy storage box is also used to connect in series with the AC busbars of other energy storage boxes. The AC busbar of the energy storage box located at the end of the series path of the energy storage boxes is used to output electrical energy to the low-voltage interface of the box-type substation.
13. The energy storage box according to claim 12, characterized in that, The communication ports of the controllers in the energy storage boxes located at the beginning and end of the series path of the energy storage box are used to connect the two communication ports of the subarray controller.
14. The energy storage box according to claim 13, characterized in that, In the event of a communication port failure in the controller, the controller is used to disconnect the communication link with the communication port of the controller in the adjacent energy storage box.
15. The energy storage box according to any one of claims 11-14, characterized in that, In the event of a controller failure, the controller is configured to bypass the controller's communication network port according to the bypass command received from the subarray controller.
16. The energy storage box according to any one of claims 11-15, characterized in that, The energy storage box also includes a first port and a second port; the first port and the second port of the energy storage box are respectively connected in series with the first port and the second port of the adjacent energy storage box. The controller's communication network ports are connected to the first port and the second port, respectively.