Energy-saving power supply and environment linkage device for cultural and museum exhibition hall

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of energy-saving power supply and environmental linkage device of cultural relics museum, it is related to electrical control technical field, device whole is by main control module, multi-source input power supply module, temperature and humidity sensing linkage module, load control module, data monitoring alarm module five hardware modules are connected by standard electrical interface physically formed, the application constructs I2C data path and hardware trigger direct connection path parallel and electrical isolation double-path topological structure on the same temperature and humidity sensing unit, wherein hardware trigger end does not pass any photoelectric coupler or main control module, directly through window comparator and drive buffer circuit connection power supply switching relay, when environmental temperature and humidity is out of limit, can independently complete cultural relics protection power supply priority forced switching, solve the technical problems of protection response interruption when relying on software signal transfer, controller failure in traditional scheme, significantly improve the reliability and security of cultural relics environment control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical control technology, and in particular to an energy-saving power supply and environmental linkage device for cultural and museum venues. Background Technology

[0002] Cultural heritage sites serve both cultural relic preservation and public education functions, resulting in high energy consumption. Existing power supply and control systems have the following deficiencies regarding prioritizing cultural relic preservation and power supply reliability: 1. Simple power supply circuit structure: The environmental equipment for cultural relics (such as constant temperature and humidity machines) and the exhibition lighting equipment share the same power supply branch. The start and stop of the equipment generate electrical interference between each other, resulting in low power supply reliability.

[0003] 2. Environmental monitoring and power supply switching rely on software signal relay: In existing devices, sensor signals must be processed by controller software before control commands are output, lacking a direct hardware-level linkage structure. In the safety protection system disclosed in CN206133256U, environmental detection signals must be processed by the controller before commands are output; the display cabinet in CN204427384U also drives the humidifier by processing sensor signals through an intelligent controller; the general controller for the humidifier in CN205691969U also relies on software relay. All of the above solutions adopt a single-path software relay architecture of "sensor → controller → actuator". When the controller software fails or communication is interrupted, the cultural relic environmental control equipment cannot obtain power supply priority guarantee in a timely manner, posing a risk of damage to the cultural relics.

[0004] 3. Poor load control coverage: The load control in the exhibition area mostly uses single-point sensors and single-channel relays, which cannot meet the requirements of the large-space zoning layout of the exhibition hall, and there are blind spots in the detection.

[0005] 4. Inadequate clean energy access structure: The switching between photovoltaic, energy storage and grid power often adopts a common ground non-isolated structure, which is insufficient in electrical isolation and results in poor power supply stability and security.

[0006] Existing power supply and environmental control devices for cultural heritage venues have long suffered from a triple technical contradiction: safety isolation versus rapid response, software monitoring versus hardware protection, and prioritizing cultural relics versus energy conservation. Furthermore, the industry suffers from a technical bias stemming from the inability of a single sensor to simultaneously achieve electrically isolated software data transmission and unisolated direct hardware linkage. To address this, a new energy-saving power supply and environmental linkage device for cultural heritage venues is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems in the prior art by proposing an energy-saving power supply and environmental linkage device for cultural and museum venues.

[0008] A device for energy-saving power supply and environmental linkage in cultural and museum venues includes: The main control module uses hardware interface circuits to acquire sensor data levels, control port levels for load driving, and drive signals for the alarm module. The multi-source input power supply module includes a photovoltaic input interface, an energy storage unit interface, a mains input interface, a hardware switching relay circuit, a voltage sampling circuit, and an electrically isolated dual-output circuit. The switching logic of the hardware switching relay circuit is implemented by a hardware analog judgment circuit composed of a voltage sampling circuit and a window comparator. The electrically isolated dual-output circuit uses two isolated AC-AC transformers, whose input terminals are connected in parallel to the output terminals of the hardware switching relay circuit. The output terminals respectively form a power supply circuit for the cultural relic environment and a power supply circuit for the exhibition equipment. The live wires and neutral wires of the two output circuits are electrically isolated. A temperature and humidity sensing linkage module includes at least one temperature and humidity sensing unit, which has both a digital communication interface and a hardware trigger terminal. The digital communication interface is electrically connected to the main control module via an optocoupler, forming a first signal path. The hardware trigger terminal is connected to the control terminal of a dual-set independent relay drive unit via a signal conditioning circuit and a drive buffer circuit, forming a second signal path that does not require signal processing by the main control module. The first signal path and the second signal path are electrically isolated. The load control module includes a human body induction sensor array and two sets of independent relays; the two sets of independent relays are respectively connected in series at the output terminals of the cultural relic environment power supply circuit and the exhibition equipment power supply circuit. The data monitoring and alarm module includes an LCD display unit, a communication unit, and an audible and visual alarm unit. Each unit is electrically connected to the main control module to realize local display of the device's operating status and abnormal alarm, as well as remote data transmission.

[0009] Preferably, the drive buffer circuit includes an NPN transistor, a base limiting current resistor, and a freewheeling diode; the output terminal of the window comparator circuit is connected to the base of the transistor via the base limiting current resistor, the emitter of the transistor is grounded, and the collector of the transistor is connected to the control terminal of relay K4 of the dual independent relay drive unit; the freewheeling diode is connected in reverse parallel between the collector of the transistor and the relay coil.

[0010] Preferably, the digital communication interface of the temperature and humidity sensing unit is an I²C bus interface. The first signal path is: the SDA line and SCL line of the I²C bus interface are connected in series with optocouplers and then electrically connected to the main control module; the second signal path is: from the output terminal of the window comparator to the control terminal of relay K4 of the dual independent relay drive unit, without passing through any optocoupler or main control module interface; the response time of the second signal path is ≤40ms.

[0011] Preferably, the ground wires of the two isolated AC-AC transformer output circuits of the electrically isolated dual-output circuit are provided with a creepage distance of ≥8mm, and the isolation withstand voltage is ≥1500V AC.

[0012] Preferably, the hardware switching relay circuit includes three independent relays corresponding to the photovoltaic inverter, energy storage inverter and mains power input respectively. The three relays are interlocked through a hardware analog judgment circuit composed of a voltage sampling circuit and a window comparator to ensure that only one power input is on at any given time.

[0013] Preferably, the human body sensing sensor array is an infrared sensing array, and the output terminals of each sensor are connected in series with diodes and then connected to one GPIO port of the main control module to form a wired-OR logic.

[0014] Preferably, an isolation diode is connected in series between the GPIO port of the main control module and the relay K4 coil of the dual independent relay drive unit. The positive terminal of the isolation diode is connected to the GPIO port, and the negative terminal is connected to the relay coil drive terminal.

[0015] Preferably, the main control module monitors the on / off state of the relay K4 contact output terminal through an optocoupler isolation detection circuit. When it is detected that the second signal path has driven the relay K4 to close, the main control module automatically abandons the GPIO control of the relay K4.

[0016] Preferably, the temperature and humidity sensing linkage module includes multiple temperature and humidity sensing units, and the hardware trigger terminals of each temperature and humidity sensing unit adopt open-drain output lines or connections: all hardware trigger terminal pins are directly connected, share a pull-up resistor connected to VDD, and the common node is connected to the window comparator; when the temperature and humidity of any sensor exceeds the limit, its hardware trigger terminal pin outputs a low level, pulls the common node low, and triggers the window comparator to flip.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are: 1. This invention constructs a dual-path topology on the same temperature and humidity sensing unit, in which the I²C data path and the hardware trigger direct connection path are parallel and electrically isolated. The hardware trigger end does not pass through any optocoupler or main control module, but is directly connected to the power supply switching relay through a window comparator and a drive buffer circuit. When the ambient temperature and humidity exceed the limits, it can independently complete the forced switching of the power supply priority for cultural relic protection. This solves the technical problems of relying on software signal relay and interruption of protection response when the controller fails in traditional solutions, and significantly improves the reliability and safety of cultural relic environmental control.

[0018] 2. This invention uses a voltage sampling circuit and a window comparator to form a pure hardware analog judgment circuit, realizing automatic interlocking switching of photovoltaic, energy storage and mains power inputs without software participation, giving priority to the use of clean energy, and adapting to unattended venue scenarios. At the same time, it uses two isolated AC-AC transformers to form power supply circuits for cultural relics environment and exhibition equipment respectively, eliminating common mode interference paths and effectively improving power supply reliability and safety. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall hardware structure of the device of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a circuit structure diagram of the multi-source input power supply module in this invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a hardware connection topology diagram of the load control module in this invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware linkage wiring for temperature and humidity sensing in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To facilitate understanding of this application and to make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent, the specific embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Reference Figure 1-4 As shown, a power supply and environmental linkage device for cultural and museum venues is constructed by physically connecting five hardware modules through standard electrical interfaces: a main control module, a multi-source input power supply module, a temperature and humidity sensing linkage module, a load control module, and a data monitoring and alarm module.

[0025] Main control module Based on an embedded microcontroller platform, the board features standard electrical interfaces including GPIO, ADC, I²C, and UART, and includes built-in low-level hardware driver firmware (not application-layer software). The main control module uses hardware interface circuits to acquire sensor data levels, control load drive port levels, and drive alarm module signals. All signal processing is completed at the hardware electrical level, without involving software algorithms or host computer application software.

[0026] Multi-source input power supply module It includes a photovoltaic input interface (including an inverter), an energy storage unit interface (including an inverter), a mains input interface, a hardware switching relay circuit, a voltage sampling circuit, and an electrically isolated dual-channel AC output circuit.

[0027] Dual-output circuit: Electrical isolation is achieved using two isolated AC-AC transformers. The input sides of the two isolation transformers are connected in parallel and then connected to the output of the hardware switching relay circuit; the outputs form a power supply circuit (AC220V) for the cultural relics environment and a power supply circuit (AC220V) for the exhibition equipment, respectively. The two isolation transformers achieve magnetic coupling isolation through internal windings. The live and neutral wires at the outputs are completely separated and do not conduct to each other. There is a creepage distance of ≥8mm between the ground wires of the two output circuits, and the isolation withstand voltage is ≥1500V AC.

[0028] Hardware switching relay circuit: The circuit input terminals are electrically connected to the input terminals of the photovoltaic inverter, energy storage inverter, and mains power, respectively, and the output terminal is connected to the dual-channel AC output circuit. The switching logic is implemented by a hardware analog judgment circuit composed of a voltage sampling circuit and a window comparator. When the photovoltaic inverter voltage is higher than a set threshold, photovoltaic power is used first; when photovoltaic power is insufficient, it switches to energy storage inverter or mains power in sequence. No software intervention is required throughout the process. The interlocking control of the three relays is entirely implemented by the window comparator hardware, ensuring that only one power input is conducting at any given time.

[0029] Voltage sampling circuit: Each input power supply is converted into a low-voltage AC signal by a voltage sampling transformer (10:1 ratio). After being converted into a voltage signal by a sampling resistor, it is connected to an RC low-pass filter network composed of resistors and capacitors to filter out high-frequency noise and harmonic interference. The filtered signal is then fed into the ADC port of the main control module after being biased by a DC bias circuit (boosted to the 0-3.3V range) for power source status monitoring and display. A bidirectional limiting protection device (such as a 3.3V TVS diode) is connected in parallel to the ADC input to prevent abnormal overvoltage from damaging the ADC port.

[0030] Temperature and humidity sensing linkage module It includes a temperature and humidity sensing unit, a signal conditioning circuit, a drive buffer circuit, and a dual-path electrical isolation structure. The sensing unit is deployed in key areas such as artifact display cases and artifact storage rooms.

[0031] ( Figure 1 (Taking a single-channel sensor unit as an example) When deploying multiple SHT30 temperature and humidity sensor units, the SDA and SCL lines of each sensor are connected in parallel, then isolated by optocouplers, and connected to the same I²C bus interface of the main control module. Addressing is achieved by configuring different I²C device addresses (0x44 or 0x45) through the ADDR pin. If the number of sensors exceeds two channels, it can be expanded using an I²C multiplexer (such as the TCA9548A).

[0032] The ALERT hardware trigger terminals of each sensor use open-drain output lines or connections: all ALERT pins are directly connected, sharing a single pull-up resistor (4.7kΩ) connected to VDD, and the common node is connected to a window comparator. Under normal conditions, the common node is high; when any sensor exceeds its temperature and humidity limits, its ALERT pin outputs a low level, pulling the common node low, triggering the window comparator to flip, and driving the switching relay K4 via the drive buffer circuit. This scheme achieves hardware-level linkage protection with multiple sensors and a single-line trigger. The circuit is simple, responds quickly, and any over-limit triggers a power supply priority switch.

[0033] Dual-path parallelism and electrical isolation: Two electrically isolated independent working paths exist simultaneously on the same temperature and humidity sensing unit.

[0034] The first path (I²C data path): Optocouplers are connected in series on the I²C bus interfaces (SDA and SCL lines) of the sensing unit and then electrically connected to the main control module for data uploading, display, and alarm in normal environments. The optocouplers provide electrical isolation between this data path and the main control module.

[0035] The second path (hardware direct connection linkage path): The hardware trigger terminal built into the sensing unit, after passing through the signal conditioning circuit (window comparator) and drive buffer circuit, is directly connected to the control terminal of the cultural relic environment power supply switching relay K4 of the dual independent relay drive unit. This path runs from the output terminal of the window comparator to the control terminal of the relay coil, without signal processing through the main control module, and is used solely for forced switching of power supply priority in emergency situations.

[0036] The two paths are electrically isolated via optocouplers, ensuring physical independence, electrical isolation, and functional non-interference, forming a hardware topology of one sensor with two paths. When the ambient temperature and humidity exceed preset thresholds, the output level of the window comparator flips, directly driving the power supply switching relay K4 via the drive buffer circuit. This forces the power supply priority to be given to the environmental power supply circuit of the cultural relic, with a switching response delay of less than 50ms, achieving hardware-level priority for cultural relic protection.

[0037] It should be noted that the entire hardware direct-connection linkage path is a low-voltage DC signal (≤12V DC). The relay coil and control power supply (DC12V) in this path constitute a low-voltage control circuit; the relay contacts are connected to the AC220V high-voltage main circuit. Safety isolation between the hardware direct-connection linkage path and the AC220V high-voltage circuit is achieved through the physical isolation of the relay; there is no direct electrical connection between the two. This high- and low-voltage safety isolation is achieved by the relay itself, without going through the main control module and only targeting the signal processing stage.

[0038] Load control module Infrared sensor array: It consists of multiple sets of human infrared sensors connected in parallel and networked together, with each sensor evenly arranged according to the grid of the exhibition hall.

[0039] Each sensor output is connected in series with a switching diode. The cathodes of the diodes are connected to one GPIO port of the main control module to form a wired-OR logic. When any sensor detects a person, it outputs a high level, and the aggregated node is also high, triggering the main control module to respond and achieve full coverage of the large exhibition area.

[0040] Dual independent relay drive units: The two drive units are electrically isolated from each other and are connected in series at the output terminals of the power supply circuit for the cultural relic environment and the power supply circuit for the exhibition equipment, respectively. The two sets of relays are controlled separately by different GPIO ports of the main control module, realizing independent on / off control of the two types of loads.

[0041] Data monitoring and alarm module It includes an LCD display unit, a communication unit, and an audible and visual alarm unit. Each unit is electrically connected to the main control module to realize local display of the device's operating status and abnormal alarm, as well as remote data transmission.

[0042] Conflict prevention and control mechanisms When the hardware trigger of the temperature and humidity sensing linkage module issues a power supply switching command due to excessive ambient temperature and humidity, this command bypasses the main control module and directly acts on the environmental power supply switching relay K4, forcibly prioritizing the environmental power supply circuit. An isolation diode is connected in series between the main control module's GPIO port and the relay coil. The positive terminal of the isolation diode is connected to the main control module's GPIO port, and the negative terminal is connected to the drive terminal of the relay K4 coil. When the hardware trigger path has driven the relay coil to the closed state, the output level of the main control module's GPIO port is blocked by the isolation diode, preventing level conflict with the hardware trigger. Simultaneously, the main control module continuously monitors the contact status of relay K4 through the GPIO port. When it detects that the hardware trigger has activated, the main control module automatically relinquishes GPIO control of the relay, ensuring that the needs of cultural relic protection are unaffected by the main control module's software state under any circumstances.

[0043] Example The main control module uses an embedded control board based on the STM32F103C8T6, with 32 GPIOs, 10 ADCs, 2 I²Cs, and 3 UART interfaces. The control board has built-in low-level hardware driver firmware, and all ports are used for level signal acquisition and drive signal output.

[0044] Multi-source input power supply module 1) Photovoltaic input interface: Supports AC220V grid-connected inverter connection.

[0045] 2) Energy storage unit interface: Supports AC220V energy storage inverter connection.

[0046] 3) AC power input interface: AC220V / 16A AC power interface.

[0047] 4) Voltage sampling circuit: AC voltage sampling transformer (transformation ratio 10:1), the photovoltaic inverter AC220V is output through the transformer, and after voltage division, it is connected to the first ADC port of the main control module and the non-inverting input terminal of the first window comparator. The comparison threshold is set to 210V; the energy storage inverter voltage adopts the same structure and is connected to the second ADC port and the second window comparator.

[0048] 5) Hardware Switching Relay Circuit: Three independent relays (model JQX-53F, contact capacity 20A / 250V AC) are used, each corresponding to one input power supply (photovoltaic inverter, energy storage inverter, or mains power). One end of the contacts of the three relays is connected to the corresponding input power supply, and the other end of the contacts of the three relays is connected in parallel and then connected to the input of the dual-output circuit. The coils of the three relays are interlocked through a hardware analog judgment circuit composed of a voltage sampling circuit and a window comparator. The interlocking logic is entirely implemented by the window comparator hardware, specifically: when the photovoltaic inverter voltage is >210V, the photovoltaic relay is selected first; when the photovoltaic inverter voltage is <210V and the energy storage inverter voltage is >210V, the photovoltaic relay is deactivated and the energy storage relay is selected; when the energy storage inverter voltage is <210V, the energy storage relay is deactivated and the mains relay is selected.

[0049] 6) Dual-output circuit: Two isolated AC-AC transformers (AC220V / AC220V, isolation voltage 1500VAC) are used.

[0050] Temperature and humidity sensing linkage module 1) Temperature and humidity sensing unit: The SHT30 digital temperature and humidity sensor is selected. This sensor has both an I²C digital communication interface and a hardware trigger terminal (ALERT pin, which can be configured as a threshold trigger output mode).

[0051] 2) First Path (I²C Data Path): The SHT30's I²C interfaces (SDA, SCL) are connected to the main control module's first I²C port via a dual-channel optocoupler TLP281-2. One optocoupler channel of the TLP281-2 is connected in series on each of the SDA and SCL lines to achieve electrical isolation between the I²C data path and the main control module. The main control module reads temperature and humidity data through this path for LCD display and abnormal alarms.

[0052] 3) Second Path (Hardware Direct Connection Path): The ALERT pin of the SHT30 is used as a hardware trigger terminal and is independently led out to the signal conditioning circuit. The signal conditioning circuit includes a window comparator circuit (LM393), which sets the upper limit of the temperature threshold to 30℃ and the upper limit of the humidity threshold to 70%RH. When the temperature and humidity exceed the limits, the ALERT pin outputs a low level, which is connected to the window comparator circuit for shaping and threshold confirmation. The output of the window comparator is connected to the base of an NPN transistor (S8050) via a base limiting current resistor (1kΩ). The emitter of the transistor is grounded, and the collector is connected to one end of the coil of the ambient power supply circuit switching relay K4. The other end of the coil is connected to the drive power supply VDD. A freewheeling diode (1N4007) is connected in reverse parallel between the transistor collector and the relay coil to suppress the back electromotive force when the coil is turned off.

[0053] 4) Dual-path electrical isolation: The hardware direct-connection linkage path (ALERT→LM393→S8050→relay coil) does not pass through any optocouplers or any ports or processing stages of the main control module. The I²C data path (SDA / SCL→TLP281-2→main control module I²C port) is electrically isolated via an optocoupler. The two paths are completely electricalally independent and do not interfere with each other. The hardware linkage path is a pure analog hardware link, which can complete the switching action independently of the main control module in emergency situations.

[0054] The optocoupler used in this invention is TLP281-2, with an isolation voltage ≥2500V AC, which meets the basic requirements for electrical isolation in national standards and can effectively avoid electromagnetic interference between paths.

[0055] Load control module 1) Infrared Sensor Array: HC-SR501 human infrared sensor modules are selected and evenly installed on the ceiling according to a grid layout of the exhibition area. With a total exhibition area of ​​approximately 120m² (approximately 12m × 10m rectangle), 12 sensors are installed in a 4×3 grid layout with an installation spacing of approximately 3.7m, ensuring complete coverage of the entire public area of ​​the exhibition hall without blind spots. Each sensor output is connected in series with a switching diode (1N4148), and the cathodes of all diodes are connected to one GPIO port (PB10) of the main control module, forming a wired-OR logic.

[0056] 2) Dual-set independent relay drive unit: Utilizing two independent relay modules (model JQX-53F, contact capacity 20A / 250V AC). The first set of relays, K4, is connected in series to the output of the cultural relic environment power supply circuit (driven by the main control module's GPIO port PB12). The second set of relays, K5, is connected in series to the output of the exhibition equipment power supply circuit (driven by the main control module's GPIO port PB13). The two sets of relay drive coils are controlled separately by different GPIO ports of the main control module, with electrical isolation between the drive circuits. When the infrared sensor array detects personnel entering, the main control module drives the exhibition equipment power supply circuit via port level to close relay K5, supplying power to lighting, multimedia, and other exhibition equipment. After personnel leave, the main control module starts a delay timer, the delay time of which is configurable (typically 30 minutes). After the delay, K5 is disconnected to save energy.

[0057] Data monitoring and alarm module 1) LCD Display Unit: An LCD1602 character LCD module (with an I²C adapter board integrating a PCF8574 I / O expansion chip) is used, connected to the main control module via an I²C interface. The main control module sends the temperature and humidity values, power supply information, and operating status information to the LCD1602 module via the I²C bus for cyclic display. This module itself is a passive display terminal, without a programmable CPU; all display logic is implemented by the main control module.

[0058] 2) Communication Unit: It adopts a Bluetooth module (HC-05) and an RS485 communication module, which are connected to the corresponding interface of the main control module and can be used for mobile APP or remote data transmission.

[0059] 3) Audible and visual alarm unit: an active buzzer and a red LED indicator light. When the temperature and humidity exceed the limits or the power supply is abnormal, the main control module will drive the audible and visual alarm.

[0060] When the SHT30's hardware trigger pin (ALERT pin) sends a low-level signal due to excessive temperature and humidity, driving the relay K4 coil to close via the LM393 window comparator and S8050 driver buffer circuit, this hardware trigger path has the highest priority. An isolation diode (positive terminal connected to the GPIO port, negative terminal connected to the relay coil drive terminal) is connected in series between the main control module's GPIO port and the relay coil. When the hardware trigger pin has already driven the relay to close, the output level of the main control module port is blocked by the isolation diode, preventing level conflict with the hardware trigger pin.

[0061] Meanwhile, the main control module continuously monitors the on / off state of the relay K4 contact output terminal through an optocoupler isolation detection circuit (composed of an optocoupler, a current-limiting resistor, and a pull-up resistor): when the relay K4 contact is closed, the output AC220V drives the LED on the input side of the optocoupler to conduct, and the phototransistor on the output side conducts accordingly. The main control module reads a low level at the corresponding GPIO port PB11 (configured in digital input mode); when the contact is open, it reads a high level. When it detects that the hardware trigger has closed the relay, the main control module automatically relinquishes GPIO control of the relay K4.

[0062] The optocoupler isolation detection solution has a simple circuit structure, faster response speed (microsecond level), lower cost, and achieves complete electrical isolation between high-voltage and low-voltage circuits.

[0063] This device adopts an integrated enclosure structure made of metal (which also provides shielding and heat dissipation). Internally, it is divided into a high-voltage isolation zone and a low-voltage control zone based on the electrical layout. Physical isolation barriers separate the high-voltage and low-voltage zones to enhance anti-interference capabilities. For easy mounting and maintenance of internal components, the main control module and relay module can be mounted on the bottom of the enclosure using standard 35mm DIN rails, or directly fixed to the PCB board using studs. The specific mounting method depends on the internal layout.

[0064] The device uses standard terminal blocks for electrical connection. During on-site installation, simply connect the existing power distribution lines in the venue to the corresponding terminals; there is no need to modify the original wiring system.

[0065] This device is suitable for all types of cultural and museum venues, including but not limited to museums, memorial halls, art galleries, exhibition halls, science and technology museums, archives, etc., and is especially suitable for cultural and museum exhibition spaces with artifact display cases and requiring strict environmental control.

[0066] The specific experimental test data are as follows: 1) Environmental power supply response test for cultural relics under software failure The threshold configuration for the SHT30 temperature and humidity sensor is as follows: temperature threshold 30℃, hysteresis 2℃; humidity threshold 70%RH, hysteresis 5%RH (hysteresis is set to avoid frequent switching).

[0067] Temperature-triggered switching:

[0068] Humidity-triggered switching:

[0069] Temperature and humidity were verified through 10 tests. When the main control module experiences a software failure or power failure, the hardware direct-connection linkage path of the temperature and humidity sensor SHT30 triggers a reliable switch of the power supply circuit for the cultural relic environment with a success rate of 100% and a response time of ≤40ms (measured by a DS1054Z oscilloscope to measure the energizing delay of the relay K4 coil). This ensures that the cultural relic environment equipment can reliably obtain priority power supply protection in the test scenario.

[0070] 2) Anti-collision mechanism verification test The threshold configuration of the SHT30 temperature and humidity sensor is: 30℃ / 70%RH. Keep the ambient humidity of the test environment constant at 70%RH and change the temperature.

[0071]

[0072] In the above test verification, with the K4 state detection circuit disconnected, the output waveforms of the drive buffer circuit and the main control drive PB12 were simultaneously detected by the DS1054Z oscilloscope. The latter lagged behind the former by 110ms (including the main control's judgment time for temperature exceeding the limit and the time to detect the PB11 state after a 100ms delay to determine whether to output).

[0073] After 10 tests each for exceeding temperature and humidity limits, the results showed consistent performance when ambient humidity changed. When the ambient temperature and humidity exceeded limits, the hardware trigger pin (ALERT pin) of the SHT30 sensor emitted a low-level signal. This signal, driven by the LM393 window comparator and the S8050 driver buffer circuit, closed the coil of relay K4. This hardware trigger path had the highest priority. The main control module's GPIO input detected that relay K4 was engaged and relinquished control of relay K4. Simultaneously, because an isolation diode was connected in series between the main control module's GPIO output and the relay K4 coil, the output level of the main control module's port was blocked by the isolation diode, preventing any level conflict with the hardware trigger pin.

[0074] This invention constructs a dual-path topology on the same temperature and humidity sensing unit, with parallel and electrically isolated I²C data path and hardware trigger direct connection path. The hardware trigger terminal independently completes the forced switching of power supply priority without going through the main control module, with a response time of ≤40ms. At the same time, a window comparator pure hardware circuit is used to realize automatic interlocking switching of photovoltaic, energy storage and mains power inputs without software participation, giving priority to the use of clean energy. Two isolated AC-AC transformers are used to form independent power supply circuits for the cultural relics environment and exhibition equipment, respectively. Combined with infrared sensor array lines or logic, it realizes energy-saving control of personnel sensing zones. This invention solves the three technical contradictions that have long existed in cultural and museum venues: security isolation and rapid response, software monitoring and hardware protection, and cultural relics priority and energy saving.

[0075] As is known from common technical knowledge, this invention can be implemented through other embodiments that do not depart from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments described above are merely illustrative in all respects and are not the only ones. All modifications within the scope of this invention or equivalent to the scope of this invention are included in this invention.

Claims

1. A device for energy-saving power supply and environmental linkage in cultural and museum venues, characterized in that, include: The main control module uses hardware interface circuits to acquire sensor data levels, control port levels for load driving, and drive signals for the alarm module. The multi-source input power supply module includes a photovoltaic input interface, an energy storage unit interface, a mains input interface, a hardware switching relay circuit, a voltage sampling circuit, and an electrically isolated dual-output circuit. The switching logic of the hardware switching relay circuit is implemented by a hardware analog judgment circuit composed of a voltage sampling circuit and a window comparator. The electrically isolated dual-output circuit uses two isolated AC-AC transformers, whose input terminals are connected in parallel to the output terminals of the hardware switching relay circuit. The output terminals respectively form a power supply circuit for the cultural relic environment and a power supply circuit for the exhibition equipment. The live wires and neutral wires of the two output circuits are electrically isolated. A temperature and humidity sensing linkage module includes at least one temperature and humidity sensing unit, which has both a digital communication interface and a hardware trigger terminal. The digital communication interface is electrically connected to the main control module via an optocoupler, forming a first signal path. The hardware trigger terminal is connected to the control terminal of a dual-set independent relay drive unit via a signal conditioning circuit and a drive buffer circuit, forming a second signal path that does not require signal processing by the main control module. The first signal path and the second signal path are electrically isolated. The load control module includes a human body induction sensor array and two sets of independent relays; the two sets of independent relays are respectively connected in series at the output terminals of the cultural relic environment power supply circuit and the exhibition equipment power supply circuit. The data monitoring and alarm module includes an LCD display unit, a communication unit, and an audible and visual alarm unit. Each unit is electrically connected to the main control module to realize local display of the device's operating status and abnormal alarm, as well as remote data transmission.

2. The energy-saving power supply and environmental linkage device for cultural and museum venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive buffer circuit includes an NPN transistor, a base limiting current resistor, and a freewheeling diode; the output terminal of the window comparator circuit is connected to the base of the transistor via the base limiting current resistor, the emitter of the transistor is grounded, and the collector of the transistor is connected to the control terminal of relay K4 of the dual independent relay drive unit; the freewheeling diode is connected in reverse parallel between the collector of the transistor and the relay coil.

3. The energy-saving power supply and environmental linkage device for cultural and museum venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The digital communication interface of the temperature and humidity sensing unit is an I²C bus interface. The first signal path is: the SDA line and SCL line of the I²C bus interface are connected in series with optocouplers and then electrically connected to the main control module; the second signal path is: from the output terminal of the window comparator to the control terminal of relay K4 of the dual independent relay drive unit, without passing through any optocoupler or main control module interface; the response time of the second signal path is ≤40ms.

4. The energy-saving power supply and environmental linkage device for cultural and museum venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical isolation dual-output circuit has a creepage distance of ≥8mm between the ground wires of the two isolated AC-AC transformer output circuits, and the isolation withstand voltage is ≥1500V AC.

5. The energy-saving power supply and environmental linkage device for cultural and museum venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hardware switching relay circuit includes three independent relays corresponding to the photovoltaic inverter, energy storage inverter and mains power input respectively. The three relays are interlocked through a hardware analog judgment circuit composed of a voltage sampling circuit and a window comparator to ensure that only one power input is on at any given time.

6. The energy-saving power supply and environmental linkage device for cultural and museum venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The human body sensing sensor array is an infrared sensing array. The output terminals of each sensor are connected in series with diodes and then connected to one GPIO port of the main control module to form a wired-OR logic.

7. The energy-saving power supply and environmental linkage device for cultural and museum venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: An isolation diode is connected in series between the GPIO port of the main control module and the relay K4 coil of the dual independent relay drive unit. The positive terminal of the isolation diode is connected to the GPIO port, and the negative terminal is connected to the relay coil drive terminal.

8. The energy-saving power supply and environmental linkage device for cultural and museum venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control module monitors the on / off state of the relay K4 contact output terminal through an optocoupler isolation detection circuit. When it is detected that the second signal path has driven the relay K4 to close, the main control module automatically abandons the GPIO control of the relay K4.

9. The energy-saving power supply and environmental linkage device for cultural and museum venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature and humidity sensing linkage module includes multiple temperature and humidity sensing units. The hardware trigger terminals of each temperature and humidity sensing unit are connected via open-drain output lines: all hardware trigger terminal pins are directly connected, sharing a pull-up resistor connected to VDD, and the common node is connected to the window comparator; when the temperature and humidity of any sensor exceeds the limit, its hardware trigger terminal pin outputs a low level, pulling the common node low and triggering the window comparator to flip.

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