A multi-time-scale-based source-grid-load-storage optimal scheduling method

Abstract

The application discloses a source network load storage optimal scheduling method based on multiple time scales, relates to the technical field of power system optimal scheduling, and comprises the following steps: collecting source network load storage operation data and scheduling boundary data, establishing a source network load storage operation constraint atlas through time alignment, quality checking and topological version association, acquiring operation state records, scheduling boundary parameter records and multiple time scale adjustable capacity records; acquiring a day-ahead basic scheduling plan, cross-time scale adjustment undertaking records and adjustment recovery responsibility records through day-ahead power balance and network constraint solving; calculating residual adjustable capacity according to intraday update data, and acquiring real-time scheduling instruction packages through rolling scheduling; issuing power adjustment instructions according to a resource execution sequence, and acquiring scheduling execution result records through equipment feedback checking, standby resource switching and power grid state checking. The application realizes continuous undertaking and recovery constraints of multiple time scale adjustment capacity, and closed-loop treatment of scheduling instruction execution deviation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system optimization scheduling technology, and in particular to a source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous integration of new energy generation, energy storage devices, flexible loads, and tie-line regulation resources into the power system, coordinated operation of power generation, grid, load, and storage is gradually becoming an important way to improve supply and demand balance and grid operation flexibility. Existing optimized dispatching methods typically establish power balance, unit operation, energy storage energy, and power flow constraint models based on day-ahead load forecasts, new energy output forecasts, equipment operating boundaries, and network security constraints to form day-ahead dispatching plans. Power commands for various resources are then rolled over and adjusted intraday and in real-time based on forecast updates and operational deviations.

[0003] However, conventional methods tend to focus on independent optimization at each time scale, including day-ahead, intraday, and real-time control. They lack continuous constraints on the acceptance status of reserved adjustment capacity, capacity occupancy, and subsequent recovery responsibilities, which can easily lead to the same adjustment capacity being counted repeatedly or recovery arrangements being delayed. At the same time, the linkage and handling of equipment execution deviations, resource failures, and network status changes after real-time commands are issued are not sufficient, and it is difficult to form a complete closed loop between backup resource switching and safety verification. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the aforementioned existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, this invention provides a source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales to solve the problems of insufficient multi-time scale adjustment capacity and recovery constraints, and inadequate closed-loop handling of scheduling instruction execution deviations in existing technologies.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales, which includes: Data on source-grid-load-storage operation and dispatch boundary are collected. Through time alignment, quality verification, and topology version correlation, an operational constraint map of source-grid-load-storage is established, acquiring operation status records, dispatch boundary parameter records, and multi-timescale adjustable capacity records. Based on these records, the operation constraint map, and the operational constraint map, day-ahead power balance and network constraint solutions are used to obtain the day-ahead basic dispatch plan, cross-timescale adjustment acceptance records, and adjustment recovery responsibility records. Based on intraday updated data and the day-ahead basic dispatch plan, combined with cross-timescale adjustment acceptance records and adjustment recovery responsibility records, the remaining adjustable capacity is calculated, and real-time dispatch instruction packages are obtained through rolling dispatch. According to the real-time dispatch instruction packages, power adjustment instructions are issued to source-side equipment, energy storage equipment, flexible loads, and tie-line equipment in the order of resource execution. Dispatch execution result records are obtained through equipment feedback verification, standby resource switching, and grid status verification.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-timescale source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method described in this invention, the following steps are taken: Source-side operation data, grid-side operation data, load-side operation data, energy storage-side operation data, and scheduling boundary data are collected from the energy management system, distribution automation system, energy storage management system, load management system, trading planning system, and equipment control terminal. The data generation time, data source refresh cycle, and corresponding scheduling period are obtained for each data item. Using the current scheduling calculation time as a unified scheduling reference time, the data items are time-aligned. The time-aligned data items are then subjected to field integrity verification, physical boundary verification, rate of change verification, and correlation consistency verification to generate corresponding data quality tags. The source-grid-load-storage operation data with valid data quality tags are aggregated according to resource node numbers and the unified scheduling reference time to obtain operation status records. The scheduling boundary data with valid data quality tags are associated according to scheduling date and scheduling period to obtain scheduling boundary parameter records.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-timescale source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method described in this invention, the following steps are taken: A current electrical connection table is generated based on the connection relationships and operating status between buses, lines, transformers, and switching equipment; the current electrical connection table is compared with the electrical connection table of the previous scheduling cycle, and the current topology version is determined based on the changed connection relationships and equipment operating status; resource nodes, grid nodes, and electrical connection edges are set according to the current electrical connection table, and the current topology version is associated with the resource nodes, grid nodes, and electrical connection edges to establish a source-grid-load-storage operation constraint graph; adjustable capacity is calculated at the day-ahead timescale, intraday timescale, and real-time control timescale based on the allowable power range, response delay, allowable duration, and energy boundary of each resource node; the adjustable capacity is verified for line capacity, transformer load rate, and bus voltage based on the source-grid-load-storage operation constraint graph, and the verification results are associated with the corresponding resource nodes and the current topology version to obtain multi-timescale adjustable capacity records.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-timescale source-grid-load-storage optimized scheduling method described in this invention, the following steps are taken: First, operational status records, scheduling boundary parameter records, multi-timescale adjustable capacity records, and source-grid-load-storage operational constraint maps with the same scheduling data batch number are acquired. Then, a day-ahead scheduling input data group is established based on the data timestamp and topology version number. The initial operational status of each resource node is determined based on the operational status records. Day-ahead scheduling periods are divided based on the scheduling boundary parameter records, and the predicted net load, equipment operating boundary, and grid safety operating boundary for each day-ahead scheduling period are determined. The upward and downward adjustment demands for each day-ahead scheduling period are determined based on the predicted net load and historical prediction errors. Day-ahead power balance constraints, equipment operating constraints, and energy status constraints are established in conjunction with the multi-timescale adjustable capacity records to obtain day-ahead candidate scheduling plans. The planned power of each resource node in the day-ahead candidate scheduling plan is written into the source-grid-load-storage operational constraint map, and line capacity, transformer load rate, and bus voltage are verified. The planned power of the adjusted sensitive branches and the adjusted sensitive nodes is adjusted based on the adjusted sensitive branch set and the adjusted sensitive node set. The planned power, planned energy status, and network security verification results of each verified resource node are correlated to obtain the day-ahead basic scheduling plan.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-timescale source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method described in this invention, the remaining adjustable capacity of each resource node in each day-ahead scheduling period is determined based on the planned power and multi-timescale adjustable capacity records of each resource node in the day-ahead basic scheduling plan; candidate adjustable capacities for intraday and real-time control time scales are screened based on the adjustment direction, response delay, allowable duration, and network security executable range of the remaining adjustable capacity; candidate adjustable capacities are reserved and allocated based on the upward and downward adjustment demands of each day-ahead scheduling period, and resource nodes, reserved power, reserved electricity, target acceptance time scale, and execution period are associated to obtain cross-timescale adjustment acceptance records; the energy and capacity occupancy generated by energy storage device charging and discharging, flexible load transfer, and continuous adjustment of conventional generator sets in the cross-timescale adjustment acceptance records are determined based on the amount to be restored and the conditions for releasing the adjustable capacity; and adjustment recovery responsibility records associated with the cross-timescale adjustment acceptance records are obtained based on the amount to be restored, allowable recovery period, maximum recovery power, latest recovery time, and adjustable capacity release time.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales described in this invention, the following steps are taken: First, the predicted output of new energy sources, predicted load power, actual operating status of equipment, operating status of the power grid, and the current topology version are obtained to acquire intraday updated data. Second, the intraday updated data is time-aligned according to a unified scheduling reference time, and field integrity checks, physical boundary checks, rate of change checks, and topology version checks are performed. Third, the updated predicted load power and predicted output of new energy sources are compared with the predicted load power and planned utilization power of new energy sources for the corresponding scheduling period in the day-ahead basic scheduling plan to calculate the net load prediction deviation. Fourth, the upward and downward adjustment demands are determined based on the positive and negative directions of the net load prediction deviation, and the intraday adjustment demand is obtained based on the duration, magnitude, and corresponding bus position of the net load prediction deviation.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-timescale source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method described in this invention, the adjustable capacity of each resource node is determined based on the actual operating status of the equipment, power regulation boundary, energy status, and response time. The adjustable capacity is written into the source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map corresponding to the current topology version. The current executable adjustable capacity of each resource node is determined by verifying line capacity, transformer load rate, and bus voltage. The occupancy of adjustable capacity in the cross-timescale adjustment acceptance record (reserved pending acceptance, accepted, executing, and incomplete recovery responsibility) is obtained, and the recovery lock value corresponding to the adjustment recovery responsibility record is read. The occupancy of adjustable capacity, recovery lock value, and safety reserve lock value are deducted from the current executable adjustable capacity to obtain the remaining adjustable capacity upwards and downwards for each resource node. Based on intraday adjustment needs, candidate resources are selected from resource nodes whose remaining adjustable capacity meets the adjustment direction, response delay, allowable duration, and network security boundary, and the execution order of the candidate resources is determined.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-timescale source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method described in this invention, the method establishes intraday incremental power balance constraints, equipment operation constraints, regulation capacity occupancy constraints, regulation recovery responsibility constraints, and network security constraints based on the day-ahead basic scheduling plan, and according to intraday adjustment needs and candidate resource execution order. Within the rolling scheduling scope, the intraday adjustment power of each resource node relative to the day-ahead basic scheduling plan is solved to obtain the intraday rolling scheduling plan. Based on the reserved and newly added regulation capacity called by the intraday rolling scheduling plan, the cross-timescale regulation acceptance record is updated, and the regulation recovery responsibility record is updated based on the energy storage charging and discharging volume, flexible load transfer volume, and unit continuous regulation status. The baseline power, allowable upward adjustment range, allowable downward adjustment range, resource execution order, and reserve resource order of each resource node within the next real-time control window are obtained from the intraday rolling scheduling plan. The network security boundary, allowable equipment execution deviation, execution feedback period, regulation recovery responsibility number, and instruction failure conditions are correlated with the extraction results to obtain a real-time scheduling instruction package.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-timescale source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method described in this invention, the following steps are taken: First, a real-time scheduling instruction package corresponding to the current real-time control cycle is obtained. The validity period of the real-time scheduling instruction package, the version of the source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map, and the execution status of each resource node are verified to determine the resource nodes that are allowed to execute. Second, actual output of source-side equipment, charging and discharging power of energy storage equipment, actual power of flexible loads, switching power of tie lines, and actual grid operation data are obtained. The system active power imbalance is calculated, and the target adjustment direction and target adjustment power are determined. Third, according to the resource execution order in the real-time scheduling instruction package, the target adjustment power is sequentially allocated to the allowed source-side equipment, energy storage equipment, flexible loads, and tie line equipment. Fourth, based on the allocation results, a power adjustment instruction containing the target active power, power change rate, start execution time, allowed duration, and execution feedback period is generated and sent to the control terminal of the corresponding equipment. Fifth, the instruction reception status, instruction execution status, actual active power, and equipment operation status returned by each resource node are received. The actual active power is compared with the target active power to obtain the equipment feedback verification results and the uncompleted adjustment power.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales described in this invention, the following steps are taken: Based on the uncompleted regulation power, standby resource nodes with consistent regulation direction, satisfactory response time, sufficient remaining regulation capacity, and normal operating status are selected from the standby resource sequence of the real-time scheduling instruction package; the regulation-sensitive branch set and regulation-sensitive node set of the standby resource nodes are correlated and verified with the current grid operating status to determine standby resource nodes allowed to undertake the uncompleted regulation power; alternative regulation power is determined based on the uncompleted regulation power and the allowable regulation range of the standby resource nodes, an alternative power regulation instruction is generated and sent to the corresponding standby resource node, and the standby resource switching result is obtained; the line load rate, transformer load rate, bus voltage, energy storage state of charge, tie-line exchange power, and system active power imbalance are obtained after the alternative power regulation, and the grid status is verified; the power regulation instruction, equipment feedback verification result, uncompleted regulation power, standby resource switching result, grid status verification result, and actual execution amount of regulation recovery responsibility are collected to obtain the scheduling execution result record.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By performing time alignment, quality verification, and topology version association on the source-grid-load-storage operation data and scheduling boundary data, and establishing a source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map that includes resource nodes, grid nodes, electrical connection relationships, and regulation impact relationships, a unified organization and network constraint association of operation information from different sources and at different time granularities is achieved, improving the consistency of scheduling input data and the degree of matching between scheduling results and the actual grid topology; by issuing power regulation commands according to the resource execution order and performing feedback verification based on the actual active power, execution status, and operating status returned by the equipment, and switching to standby resources when the original regulation resource has not completed the target power, closed-loop verification of the execution status of scheduling commands and timely compensation for uncompleted regulation power are achieved, improving the reliability of source-side equipment, energy storage equipment, flexible loads, and tie-line equipment in executing scheduling commands. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a flowchart for the day-ahead basic scheduling plan and cross-timescale adjustment.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a flowchart for calculating and rolling scheduling of remaining adjustable capacity.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a flowchart for the execution feedback of scheduling instructions and the switching of standby resources. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0024] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0025] Reference Figures 1-4 This is one embodiment of the present invention, which provides a source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales, including the following steps: S1. Collect source-grid-load-storage operation data and scheduling boundary data. Through time alignment, quality verification and topology version association, establish a source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map and obtain operation status records, scheduling boundary parameter records and multi-time scale adjustable capability records. Furthermore, source-grid-load-storage operation data and dispatch boundary data are collected from energy management systems, distribution automation systems, new energy power prediction systems, energy storage management systems, load management systems, trading planning systems, and equipment control terminals.

[0026] Specifically, the power grid dispatch control terminal associates the data returned by different systems with the corresponding resource nodes and power grid nodes according to the equipment number, access bus, and data generation time.

[0027] Among them, the source-grid-load-storage operation data includes the actual output and operation boundary of conventional generator sets and new energy equipment, the connection relationship and operation value of lines and transformers, the actual power and response boundary of flexible loads, and the charging and discharging power and state of charge of energy storage equipment; the dispatch boundary data includes day-ahead forecast power, historical forecast error, equipment maintenance plan, tie-line transaction plan, operating cost parameters, demand response compensation parameters, and grid safety operation boundary.

[0028] Furthermore, using the current scheduling calculation time as the unified scheduling benchmark time, the source-grid-load-storage operation data and scheduling boundary data are time-aligned, and the quality of the time-aligned data is verified.

[0029] Specifically, data whose generation time is within the corresponding time alignment tolerance is written to the current scheduling time segment; when the time alignment tolerance is exceeded, the most recent valid data within the tolerance range is read and the data reuse flag is set; when no valid data is obtained, the corresponding field is set to missing status.

[0030] Specifically, the following checks are performed in sequence: field integrity check, physical boundary check, rate of change check, and association consistency check. If all checks pass, a valid flag is set; if any check fails, an exception flag is set and the exception type is recorded.

[0031] It should be noted that the time alignment tolerance and the number of consecutive uses of the most recent valid data are determined according to the data source refresh cycle, the corresponding device response time, and the shortest scheduling cycle in which the data participates. The shortest time among the data source refresh cycle, the corresponding device response time, and the shortest scheduling cycle in which the data participates is used as the time reference. When the time reference is no more than 30 seconds, the time alignment tolerance is taken as 1 data source refresh cycle, and the most recent valid data is used for a maximum of 1 refresh cycle. When the time reference is greater than 30 seconds but no more than 300 seconds, the time alignment tolerance is taken as 2 data source refresh cycles, and the most recent valid data is used for a maximum of 2 refresh cycles. When the time reference is greater than 300 seconds, the time alignment tolerance is taken as 3 data source refresh cycles, and the most recent valid data is used for a maximum of 3 refresh cycles. The time alignment tolerance for real-time power and voltage data is determined according to the corresponding level, and the time alignment tolerance does not exceed 60 seconds. The time alignment tolerance for device status and energy storage charge status is determined according to the corresponding level, and 5 seconds is taken when the calculated result is less than 5 seconds, and 300 seconds is taken when the result is greater than 300 seconds. The time alignment tolerance determined according to the above rules shall not exceed the shortest scheduling cycle in which the data participates; if no new valid data is obtained after reaching the upper limit of the number of consecutive uses, the corresponding field shall be set to a missing state and shall no longer be used.

[0032] It should be noted that the physical boundary and the rate of change boundary are derived from the rated parameters of the equipment, the operating procedures, the parameters of the energy storage converter, and the demand response protocol, respectively. The relative deviation between the master station measurement value and the terminal feedback value of the same measurement object is usually no more than 1% to 5% of the rated capacity, and the specific value is determined according to the metering accuracy level and the historical measurement deviation distribution.

[0033] Furthermore, a current electrical connection table is generated based on the connection relationships and operating status between busbars, lines, transformers, and switchgear, and the current topology version is determined.

[0034] Specifically, the current electrical connection table is compared with the electrical connection table of the previous scheduling cycle by combining bus connections, line-end connections, transformer-side connections, and switch open / close states according to the preset field order. If the connection relationships and equipment status remain unchanged, the previous topology version is used; if changes occur, a new topology version is generated.

[0035] The current topology version is associated with the topology effective time, the changed device number, the data timestamp, and the current electrical connection table, which are used to trace the corresponding power grid connection status for subsequent scheduling plans and control commands.

[0036] Furthermore, based on the current electrical connection table, resource nodes, grid nodes, and electrical connection edges are set up to establish a source-grid-load-storage operation constraint diagram.

[0037] Specifically, conventional generator sets, new energy equipment, energy storage equipment, flexible loads, and tie lines are set as resource nodes, while busbars, lines, transformers, and switchgear are set as grid nodes, and electrical connection edges are established according to the actual wiring relationships.

[0038] Among them, resource nodes record the access bus, current power, allowable power range, response delay, allowable duration, energy boundary and control terminal status; grid nodes record rated capacity, actual operating value, safe operating range and operating status; electrical connection edges record connected equipment, switch status, transmission capacity and current power flow.

[0039] Furthermore, based on the changes in branch power and bus voltage before and after the trial active power adjustment of resource nodes, the branch power sensitivity and node voltage sensitivity are calculated.

[0040] Specifically, without changing the current topology version, the active power of a resource node is changed according to a preset tentative adjustment amount, and the line power, transformer power and bus voltage before and after the adjustment are obtained by AC power flow calculation.

[0041] The branch power sensitivity and node voltage sensitivity are calculated and expressed as follows: ; ; in, For the first Branch power sensitivity of the branch circuit. For the first time before and after the trial active power adjustment The change in active power of each branch circuit. For the first The node voltage sensitivity of each bus node For the first time before and after the trial active power adjustment Voltage change at each bus node This represents the tentative active power adjustment for the current resource node. The branches are numbered sequentially. Number the busbar nodes sequentially.

[0042] Furthermore, lines and transformers whose branch power sensitivity reaches the branch influence threshold are written into the regulation-sensitive branch set of the corresponding resource node, and buses whose node voltage sensitivity reaches the node influence threshold are written into the regulation-sensitive node set of the corresponding resource node. Regulation influence edges are established between resource nodes and corresponding lines, transformers and buses.

[0043] The regulation impact edge records the resource node number, grid node number, current topology version, impact type, sensitivity value, and regulation direction. The impact type includes branch power impact and bus voltage impact. Regulation impact edges associated with the same resource node and whose impact type is branch power impact correspond to the regulation sensitive branch set, and regulation impact edges associated with the same resource node and whose impact type is bus voltage impact correspond to the regulation sensitive node set.

[0044] It should be noted that the adjustment impact edge is used to locate the lines, transformers and buses that may be affected based on the power adjustment of resource nodes, and to provide the adjustment impact range for the network constraint verification of the day-ahead candidate scheduling plan, the local power flow verification after intraday topology changes, and the grid state association verification before the switchover of standby resources; when the current topology version changes, the adjustment impact edge corresponding to the resource nodes within the topology change impact range is recalculated.

[0045] It should also be noted that the trial adjustment amount is usually taken as 1% to 5% of the rated power of the resource equipment and does not exceed the current remaining adjustable power; the branch influence threshold is usually taken as the power change of 0.01% to 0.05% of the rated capacity of the branch caused by the adjustment of a unit resource power; the node influence threshold is usually taken as the voltage change of 0.001% to 0.01% of the rated voltage caused by the adjustment of a unit resource power. The specific values ​​are determined based on the measurement resolution, power flow calculation error and historical sensitivity distribution.

[0046] Furthermore, based on the time alignment results, quality verification results, and the current topology version, the running status record and scheduling boundary parameter record are obtained.

[0047] Specifically, valid source-grid-load-storage operation data consistent with the current topology version are aggregated according to resource node numbers to obtain operation status records; valid forecast data, historical forecast errors, maintenance plans, transaction plans, economic parameters, and safety control sequences are correlated according to scheduling dates and scheduling periods to obtain scheduling boundary parameter records. The safety control sequence is read from power grid dispatching regulations, approved accident handling plans, important load classification records, renewable energy grid connection dispatching agreements, and tie-line emergency support authorization records. Based on safety control triggering conditions, the safe load reduction sequence, renewable energy generation restriction sequence, and tie-line emergency support sequence are correlated and generated. The safe load reduction sequence is determined according to load importance levels from low to high and load interruptibility conditions; the renewable energy generation restriction sequence is determined according to the renewable energy equipment dispatching agreement and generation restriction priority; and the tie-line emergency support sequence is determined according to the tie-line authorization scope, available support capacity, and response time limit.

[0048] The operation status record includes the record generation time, topology version, resource node number, access bus, current active power, current energy status, equipment availability status, communication status, and data quality flag; the scheduling boundary parameter record includes the applicable scheduling date, scheduling period, new energy predicted output, load predicted power, prediction error range, maintenance boundary, tie line planned power, economic parameters, and power grid safe operation boundary.

[0049] It should be noted that the historical prediction error range is determined based on the difference between the actual value and the predicted value for the same season, the same day type, and the same scheduling period. It usually adopts a quantile interval covering 90% to 99% of the historical samples. The specific coverage range is determined based on the power supply reliability requirements, the level of new energy fluctuations, and the adequacy of reserve resources.

[0050] Furthermore, based on the operating status records, equipment operating boundaries, and source-grid-load-storage operating constraint diagrams, the adjustable capacity under the day-ahead time scale, intraday time scale, and real-time control time scale is determined respectively.

[0051] Specifically, the adjustable capability of source-side equipment is the minimum value jointly limited by the allowable output boundary and the ramp capability within the corresponding time scale; the adjustable capability of energy storage equipment is the minimum value jointly limited by the converter power boundary and the available power corresponding to the state of charge; the adjustable capability of flexible loads is the minimum value jointly limited by the agreement-allowed power, remaining transferable power, number of responses, and recovery responsibility.

[0052] It should be noted that the daytime scheduling period is usually 15 to 60 minutes, the intraday scheduling period is usually 5 to 15 minutes, and the real-time control cycle is usually 5 seconds to 5 minutes, depending on the scheduling plan cycle, the prediction refresh cycle, and the equipment control response speed.

[0053] Furthermore, the adjustable capabilities of each resource node at different time scales are associated with the access bus, adjustment direction, response delay, allowable duration, set of adjustment-sensitive branches, and set of adjustment-sensitive nodes, and power grid security boundary verification is performed to obtain multi-time scale adjustable capability records.

[0054] Specifically, an exploratory power flow check is performed on the adjustable capacity; when the line power, transformer load rate and bus voltage are all within the safe operating range, and the equipment data is valid and the control terminal is normal, an executable flag is set; otherwise, an unexecutable flag is set and the reason is recorded.

[0055] The multi-timescale adjustable capability record includes resource node number, topology version, timescale, adjustment direction, adjustable power, adjustable quantity, response delay, allowed duration, access bus, set of adjustment-sensitive branches, set of adjustment-sensitive nodes, adjustment recovery requirements, and executable flag.

[0056] It should be noted that the operation status record, scheduling boundary parameter record, multi-timescale adjustable capacity record, and source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map are written with the same scheduling data batch number, and the data timestamp and version number are retained respectively.

[0057] The sets of adjustment-sensitive branches and adjustment-sensitive nodes are not external data temporarily acquired during the day-ahead scheduling solution phase. Instead, they are generated during the establishment of the source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map, based on the changes in branch power and bus voltage before and after the tentative active power adjustment of each resource node under the current topology version. These sets are then written into the multi-timescale adjustable capacity record according to the resource node number and the current topology version. When a day-ahead candidate scheduling plan fails the line capacity, transformer load rate, or bus voltage verification, the corresponding sets of adjustment-sensitive branches and adjustment-sensitive nodes are retrieved from the multi-timescale adjustable capacity record according to the resource node number and the current topology version to screen resource nodes that can reduce the current network from exceeding its limits.

[0058] S2. Based on the operation status record, scheduling boundary parameter record, multi-timescale adjustable capacity record, and source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map, obtain the day-ahead basic scheduling plan, cross-timescale adjustment acceptance record, and adjustment recovery responsibility record through day-ahead power balance and network constraint solution. Furthermore, the system reads the operating status records, scheduling boundary parameter records, multi-timescale adjustable capacity records, and source-grid-load-storage operation constraint maps that have the same scheduling data batch number to establish a day-ahead scheduling input data group.

[0059] Specifically, verify the data timestamp, applicable scheduling date, and topology version of each record; if the record is valid and the topology version is consistent, write it into the previous day's scheduling input data group; if they are inconsistent, reread the record corresponding to the current topology version.

[0060] The day-ahead scheduling input data set includes the initial operating status of resource nodes, the predicted power and operating boundaries for each day-ahead scheduling period, the adjustable capabilities at different time scales, and the adjustment influence sides between resource nodes and grid nodes.

[0061] Furthermore, the initial operating status of each resource node is determined based on the operating status record, the day-ahead scheduling period is divided based on the scheduling boundary parameter record, and equipment maintenance boundaries and tie-line transaction boundaries are set.

[0062] Specifically, the actual output of the generating units, the state of charge of energy storage, the current execution status of flexible loads, and the actual exchange power of the tie lines are used as the initial state for the first day-ahead scheduling period; the equipment during the maintenance period is set to an unschedulable state, and the planned power and allowable deviation of the tie lines are set according to the trading plan.

[0063] It should be noted that the daytime scheduling period is usually 15 to 60 minutes, and the specific duration is determined based on the plan release cycle, the time resolution of the forecast data, and the resource adjustment speed.

[0064] Furthermore, based on the predicted load power, the predicted output of new energy sources, and historical prediction errors, the predicted net load, upward adjustment demand, and downward adjustment demand for each day-ahead dispatch period are determined.

[0065] Specifically, the predicted net load is obtained by subtracting the predicted output of new energy sources from the predicted load power; historical samples are selected according to the same season, the same day type, and the same scheduling period, and the upward and downward adjustment demands are determined based on the upper and lower quantile boundaries of the historical net load prediction error.

[0066] It should be noted that the upper and lower quantile boundaries of historical net load forecasting errors typically cover 90% to 99% of historical samples. When the available reserve capacity for the corresponding day-ahead dispatching period is less than 1.1 times the upward or downward adjustment demand, the 95th percentile of the absolute value of the renewable energy forecasting error for the same historical period exceeds 10% of the renewable energy forecasting output, or the proportion of important load forecasting power to the total load forecasting power is not less than 30%, a historical sample coverage range of 95% to 99% is used. In other cases, a historical sample coverage range of 90% to 95% is used. The available reserve capacity multiple is typically taken as 1.05 to 1.20, the renewable energy forecasting error proportion is typically taken as 8% to 15%, and the important load power proportion threshold is typically taken as 20% to 40%. Specific values ​​are determined based on the power grid dispatching regulations, historical forecasting error distribution, and power supply reliability requirements.

[0067] Furthermore, day-ahead power balance constraints, equipment operation constraints, energy state constraints, and tie-line switching power constraints are established based on the predicted net load, initial state of resource nodes, and multi-timescale adjustable capacity records.

[0068] Specifically, the planned output of conventional generator sets, the planned utilization power of new energy sources, the charging and discharging power of energy storage, the flexible load regulation power, and the switching power of tie lines are configured.

[0069] The active power balance relationship for each day-ahead scheduling period is expressed as follows: ; in, For the first The planned active power of conventional generator units during the dispatch period one day in advance. For the first The planned utilization power of new energy during the dispatch period of the previous day For the first Energy storage discharge power during the dispatch period one day in advance For the first The tie-line input power for the dispatch period one day prior. For the first Load power for the dispatch period one day prior, For the first Energy storage charging power for the scheduled period one day in advance. For the first The output power of the tie line during the dispatch period one day in advance. For the first Active power loss of the power grid during the dispatch period one day in advance This is the day-ahead dispatch period number. The unit is megawatt (MW); when the raw power data provided by different data sources uses kilowatt (kW) or other power units, it is uniformly converted to megawatt (MW) before being written into the day-ahead dispatch input data group and participating in the active power balance calculation.

[0070] It should be noted that the planned utilization power of new energy sources shall not exceed the predicted available output. The load power includes the power of rigid loads, the power of flexible loads after adjustment, and the power consumption for restoration during the restoration period. The active power loss of the power grid shall be determined using the existing AC power flow calculation method.

[0071] Furthermore, the energy storage state of charge is calculated based on the energy storage charging and discharging power during adjacent day-ahead scheduling periods, and the energy storage state of charge is limited to an allowable range.

[0072] The state of charge of energy storage is derived using the following formula: ; in, For the first The state of charge of energy storage at the start of the dispatch period a day prior. The energy storage state of charge at the start of the next scheduled period. and All are dimensionless per-unit values, ranging from 0 to 1; The charging efficiency of energy storage devices. The discharge efficiency of energy storage devices. and All are dimensionless values; For the first Energy storage charging power for the scheduled period one day in advance. For the first Energy storage discharge power during the dispatch period one day in advance and The unit for all values ​​is megawatts; For the first The duration of the scheduled period one day in advance, in hours; The rated energy of the energy storage device, expressed in megawatt-hours (MWH). This is the day-ahead scheduling period number.

[0073] It should be noted that the per-unit value of 0 to 1 is used uniformly in the recursive calculation of energy storage state of charge; when it needs to be expressed as a percentage, the corresponding per-unit value of energy storage state of charge is multiplied by 100%. When the energy storage charging and discharging power, time period duration and rated energy provided by different data sources use other units of measurement, they should be uniformly converted to megawatts, hours and megawatt-hours respectively before participating in the recursive calculation of energy storage state of charge.

[0074] Specifically, when the calculated state of charge of the energy storage exceeds the upper or lower limit of the allowable limit, the charging power or discharging power of the corresponding period is reduced, and the unbalanced power is redistributed to other resource nodes with remaining adjustable capacity.

[0075] It should be noted that the same energy storage device must not perform charging and discharging simultaneously within the same scheduling period. The mutual exclusion constraint between charging and discharging adopts a mature handling method in energy storage scheduling.

[0076] Furthermore, the planned power of each resource node is written into the source-grid-load-storage operation constraint diagram to verify line capacity, transformer load rate and bus voltage.

[0077] Specifically, when any line, transformer, or busbar fails to meet the safe operation boundary, the set of regulation-sensitive branches and the set of regulation-sensitive nodes associated with each resource node are read from the multi-timescale adjustable capacity record.

[0078] The set of sensitive branches is generated based on the comparison between the branch power sensitivity and the branch impact threshold corresponding to the trial active power adjustment of resource nodes. The set of sensitive nodes is generated based on the comparison between the node voltage sensitivity and the node impact threshold corresponding to the trial active power adjustment of resource nodes. Resource nodes that can reduce the amount of exceeding the limit are selected based on the set of sensitive branches and the set of sensitive nodes. The planned power is adjusted in order of the improvement effect of exceeding the limit, response delay and adjustment cost until the network constraint verification is passed.

[0079] It should be noted that when multiple resource nodes have the same improvement effect, response latency, and adjustment cost, the adjustment order should be determined according to the resource node number to ensure that the solution results are repeatable.

[0080] Furthermore, under the conditions of satisfying day-ahead power balance, equipment operation, energy status and network security constraints, the day-ahead basic scheduling plan is obtained through hierarchical solution.

[0081] Specifically, the first solution layer eliminates power imbalance and network overruns, the second solution layer reduces critical load cuts and renewable energy curtailment, and the third solution layer reduces unit operating costs, energy storage losses, demand response compensation costs, and tie-line planning deviation costs.

[0082] It should be noted that the current solution can be obtained using mixed-integer linear programming, mixed-integer quadratic programming, or second-order cone programming, all of which are mature solution methods in power system optimization and scheduling; hierarchical solution is used to ensure that grid security and power supply reliability take precedence over operational economy.

[0083] The day-ahead basic scheduling plan includes the day-ahead basic scheduling plan version, scheduling data batch number, source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map version, day-ahead scheduling period, planned power of resource nodes, planned energy status, plan execution status, and network security verification results.

[0084] Furthermore, based on the planned power and multi-timescale adjustable capacity records of each resource node in the current basic scheduling plan, the remaining adjustable capacity after the planned occupancy is determined, and the acceptance time scale is divided according to the response delay and the allowed duration.

[0085] Specifically, adjustable capabilities with response delays not exceeding the real-time control cycle and allowed durations covering the real-time control window are selected as real-time control candidate capabilities; adjustable capabilities with response delays not exceeding the intraday scheduling period and capable of covering the corresponding period are selected as intraday candidate capabilities; the remaining capabilities are used for day-ahead planning and early start arrangements.

[0086] It should be noted that the same adjustable capability is reserved only for one execution period and one adjustment direction, and will not be counted repeatedly because the response requirements of multiple time scales are met at the same time.

[0087] Furthermore, based on the upward and downward adjustment needs of each day's scheduling period, intraday candidate capacity and real-time control candidate capacity are reserved and allocated to obtain cross-timescale adjustment acceptance records.

[0088] Specifically, resource nodes that are consistent in adjustment direction, meet the response time requirements, have a duration covering the target time period, and have valid executable flags are selected. The allocation order is determined according to network security executability, response latency, sustainability, adjustment and recovery burden, and unit adjustment cost, and reserved power is allocated in sequence.

[0089] The cross-timescale adjustment and acceptance record includes the acceptance record number, day-ahead plan version, resource node number, adjustment direction, source timescale, target acceptance timescale, reserved power, reserved electricity, execution period, response delay, allowed duration, spare resource range, and current acceptance status.

[0090] It should be noted that the acceptance status includes reserved for acceptance, accepted, in progress, recovery responsibility not completed, and released; the same acceptance record retains only one current status at any given time.

[0091] Furthermore, the responsibility for restoring energy storage capacity is determined based on the energy occupancy formed by energy storage discharge in the cross-timescale adjustment and acceptance record.

[0092] The amount of energy to be restored by the energy storage device is expressed as: ; in, This refers to the amount of electricity that needs to be replenished from the grid side for energy storage devices. For the planned discharge power or reserved discharge power of energy storage devices, For the planned duration corresponding to the discharge power, The charging efficiency of energy storage devices. This refers to the discharge efficiency of the energy storage device.

[0093] Specifically, based on the planned state of charge of energy storage, remaining charging capacity, predicted surplus of new energy sources, and network security boundaries for subsequent periods, the allowable recovery period, maximum recovery power, and latest recovery time are determined.

[0094] Furthermore, based on the electricity consumption resulting from the reduction of transferable loads in the cross-timescale adjustment and acceptance records, the responsibility for restoring electricity consumption for transferred loads is determined.

[0095] The amount of electricity to be restored for the transferred load is represented as follows: ; in, For the transfer of load and the power to be restored, The power restoration ratio is as specified in the demand response agreement. Planned power reductions or reserved power reductions for transferable loads. The planned duration for corresponding power reduction.

[0096] It should be noted that the power restoration ratio is between 0 and 1, the transferable load is usually set to 1, the load for which power can be abandoned is determined according to the demand response agreement, and the interruptible load is set to 0 when power restoration is not required.

[0097] Furthermore, based on the constraints of conventional generator set start-up and shutdown, continuous ramp-up, and minimum continuous operation, the release conditions and expected release times of the occupied regulating capacity are determined.

[0098] Specifically, the responsibility for restoring energy storage capacity, the responsibility for restoring electricity consumption of transferred loads, and the responsibility for restoring unit regulation capacity are linked with the corresponding cross-timescale regulation acceptance records to obtain regulation restoration responsibility records.

[0099] The adjustment and recovery responsibility record includes the recovery responsibility number, the undertaking record number, the resource node number, the recovery responsibility type, the amount of electricity to be restored, the allowed recovery period, the maximum recovery power, the latest recovery time, the adjustment capacity release time, and the current completion status.

[0100] It should be noted that reserved adjustments that have not yet been actually implemented correspond to conditional restoration responsibilities. If the adjustment action is not implemented, it will be cancelled. After actual implementation, it will be updated according to the actual power and duration. Before the restoration responsibility is completed, the corresponding energy and adjustment capacity shall not be re-included in the adjustable capacity in the same direction.

[0101] Furthermore, the day-ahead basic scheduling plan, cross-timescale adjustment acceptance record, and adjustment recovery responsibility record are written into the same day-ahead scheduling result batch number, and the version association between them and the preceding records and the source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map is retained.

[0102] S3. Based on the intraday updated data and the day-ahead basic scheduling plan, combined with the cross-timescale adjustment acceptance record and adjustment recovery responsibility record, calculate the remaining adjustable capacity, and obtain real-time scheduling instruction packages through rolling scheduling. Furthermore, it reads the day-ahead basic scheduling plan, cross-timescale adjustment acceptance records, and adjustment recovery responsibility records, and collects intraday updated data.

[0103] Specifically, based on the previous version of the basic dispatch plan and the version of the source-grid-load-storage operation constraint diagram, the updated predicted power, actual equipment operating status, line power flow, transformer load rate, bus voltage, switch status, and current topology version are read from the new energy power prediction system, load prediction system, and equipment control terminal.

[0104] It should be noted that the intraday forecast range is usually 1 to 4 hours in the future, and the rolling scheduling cycle is usually 5 to 15 minutes, depending on the forecast refresh cycle, equipment response time and scheduling plan adjustment cycle.

[0105] Furthermore, the data updated within the day is time-aligned, quality-verified, and topology-version-verified, and the resource nodes that can be used for the current intraday rolling scheduling are determined.

[0106] Specifically, the predicted output of new energy sources, predicted power of load, actual operating status of equipment, power regulation boundary, energy status, line power flow, transformer load rate, bus voltage, switch status, and current topology version within the validity period and after quality verification are written into the daily update status record according to the unified scheduling reference time and resource node number. The current topology version in the daily update status record is compared with the source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map version corresponding to the day-ahead basic scheduling plan. If the two are inconsistent, the resource nodes, lines, transformers, and buses within the scope of the topology change are located according to the adjustment influence edge, and the power flow is re-verified based on the location results. Resource nodes that have not completed the verification will not undertake new adjustment tasks.

[0107] Among them, the intraday updated status record serves as a unified input for the current intraday rolling scheduling cycle after time alignment, quality verification, and topology version verification. It is used for net load forecast deviation calculation, intraday adjustment demand generation, current executable adjustment capacity calculation, and network security boundary verification. Data that fails the quality verification or is inconsistent with the current topology version does not participate in the current intraday rolling scheduling calculation.

[0108] It should be noted that local topology changes only adjust the planned power of resource nodes affected by the topology change in the day-ahead basic scheduling plan, and do not change the planned power of resource nodes not affected by the topology change in the day-ahead basic scheduling plan.

[0109] Furthermore, the updated load forecast power and new energy forecast output are read from the intraday update status record and compared with the data of the corresponding scheduling period in the day-ahead basic scheduling plan to calculate the net load forecast deviation.

[0110] Net load forecast deviation is calculated using the following formula: ; in, For the first Net load forecast deviation for each intraday scheduling period For the updated load forecast power, Contribute to the updated new energy forecasting This refers to the load forecast power used in the current basic dispatch plan. This refers to the power utilization of new energy projects in the current basic dispatch plan. This is the intraday scheduling period number.

[0111] It should be noted that when the net load forecast deviation is greater than zero, an upward adjustment demand is generated, and when it is less than zero, a downward adjustment demand is generated. The allowable range for intraday balance is usually taken as 0.5% to 3% of the current forecast net load, and the specific range is determined based on the forecast error, power measurement error and tie line planning deviation requirements.

[0112] Furthermore, based on the duration of the net load forecast deviation, the change in adjacent time periods, and the corresponding bus position, time duration markers, power ramp-up markers, and network constraint markers are generated.

[0113] Specifically, a time persistence marker is generated when the same deviation direction is maintained for two to four consecutive daily scheduling periods; a power ramp marker is generated when the deviation change between adjacent periods reaches the ramp identification threshold; and a network constraint marker is generated when the predicted line or transformer is close to the allowable upper limit and the bus voltage is close to the allowable boundary.

[0114] It should be noted that the ramp identification threshold is usually taken as the 90% to 97.5% percentile of the absolute change in net load in adjacent historical periods; the network constraint approach range is usually taken as 85% to 95% of the upper limit of allowable range; and the warning distance between the bus voltage and the allowable boundary is usually taken as 0.5% to 2% of the rated voltage, which is determined according to the prediction error and the operational safety level.

[0115] Furthermore, verify the current acceptance status of cross-timescale adjustment acceptance records and the current completion status of adjustment recovery responsibility records to determine the occupied adjustment capacity and the amount of lock-up to be restored.

[0116] Specifically, the effective adjustment capabilities in the reserved, accepted, and executing states are retained; the acceptance failure state is set when the resource node exits operation, communication is interrupted, energy status is insufficient, or network verification fails; and the recovery lock state is set when the power to be restored has not returned to zero or the adjustment capability has not reached the release time.

[0117] It should be noted that failure records are not deleted, but are used to retain the traceability relationship between the pre-reserved results and the actual status within the day; when the recovery responsibility enters the allowed recovery period, the corresponding recovery task will be written into the rolling scheduling mandatory boundary.

[0118] Furthermore, the actual operating status of the equipment, power regulation boundary, energy status, current topology version, and grid operating status are read from the intraday updated status records, and combined with the network security boundary, the current executable adjustment capability of each resource node is determined.

[0119] Specifically, the adjustable capabilities of the source-side equipment, energy storage equipment, and flexible loads are redefined, and the adjustable capabilities of the equipment side are written into the source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map corresponding to the current topology version. The current executable adjustment capabilities are obtained by verifying the line capacity, transformer load rate, and bus voltage.

[0120] Furthermore, the remaining adjustable capacity is calculated by subtracting the amount of adjustable capacity that has not yet been released and the amount of safety reserve locked from the current adjustable capacity.

[0121] The remaining adjustable capacity is calculated using the following formula: ; in, For the first The resource node at the th Remaining adjustable capacity for each scheduling period within a day This refers to the current executable adjustment capabilities after verification of device operating boundaries and network security boundaries. To adjust the amount of regulatory capacity that has not yet been released in the record across time scales. To lock in the backup regulation capacity in accordance with system security requirements, Number the resource nodes. This is the intraday scheduling period number.

[0122] Specifically, the amount of regulation capacity that has not yet been released is aggregated according to the current status of the regulation acceptance record across time scales; when the restoration responsibility is not completed, the regulation capacity that needs to be locked is determined based on the remaining power to be restored, the remaining restoration time, and the equipment power boundary.

[0123] It should be noted that the same receiving record has only one current state at the same time, so the same adjustment capacity is deducted only once; the remaining adjustable capacity upward and the remaining adjustable capacity downward are calculated separately, and no cross-direction deduction is performed.

[0124] Simultaneously, when the current executable adjustment capacity of any resource node is less than the sum of the unreleased adjustment capacity and the safety reserve lock-in amount, the remaining adjustable capacity in the corresponding adjustment direction of the resource node is set to zero, and the adjustment capacity conflict flag, conflict scheduling period, adjustment direction, and excess power are written into the daily update status record, suspending the resource node from undertaking new adjustment tasks. The power grid dispatch control terminal re-verifies the actual operating status of the equipment, cross-timescale adjustment acceptance records, adjustment recovery responsibility records, and safety reserve lock-in amount of the resource node; if it is confirmed that there is a data update lag, the corresponding records are updated and the remaining adjustable capacity is recalculated; if it is still verified that there is an over-occupancy of adjustment capacity, the adjustment capacity conflict flag is maintained and a dispatch alarm is generated, and the corresponding unmet adjustment demand is allocated to other candidate resource nodes with remaining adjustable capacity and whose network security verification has passed.

[0125] Furthermore, based on intraday adjustment needs, candidate resources are selected from resource nodes whose remaining adjustable capacity meets the adjustment direction, response latency, allowed duration, and network security boundaries. The candidate resources are then pre-sorted to obtain the execution order of the candidate resources.

[0126] Specifically, when there is a network constraint marker, only resource nodes that can reduce the corresponding excess amount are retained; when there is a time duration marker, resource nodes whose allowed duration and energy state can cover continuous deviations are selected first; when there is a power ramp marker, resource nodes whose ramping ability meets the deviation change rate are selected first.

[0127] Specifically, candidate resources are ranked in descending order of network constraint improvement effect, response delay from short to long, allowed duration from long to short, adjustment and recovery burden from low to high, and adjustment cost from low to high, thus determining the execution order of candidate resources. When multiple adjustment tasks request the same resource, they are allocated in the following order: network exceeding limits, network approaching, continuous power balance, power ramping, and short-term random deviation. The candidate resource execution order is used to record the calling priority of all candidate resources before the intraday rolling scheduling solution and is not directly used as the order of power adjustment command issuance during the real-time control phase.

[0128] Furthermore, based on the day-ahead basic scheduling plan, intraday incremental power balance constraints, equipment operation constraints, regulation capacity occupancy constraints, regulation recovery responsibility constraints, and network security constraints are established, and intraday rolling scheduling plans are obtained through rolling scheduling.

[0129] Specifically, the first solution layer eliminates power imbalance and network overruns; the second solution layer ensures the recovery responsibility at the latest recovery time and reduces critical load cuts and renewable energy generation restrictions; the third solution layer reduces the adjustment range relative to the day-ahead basic scheduling plan; and the fourth solution layer reduces intraday adjustment costs and new recovery burdens while retaining rapid adjustment capabilities.

[0130] It should be noted that the rolling scheduling adopts a mature solution method among mixed-integer linear programming, mixed-integer quadratic programming, or second-order cone programming; the intraday rolling scheduling plan serves as an intermediate result for generating real-time scheduling instruction packages and does not change the original version of the day-ahead basic scheduling plan.

[0131] Furthermore, based on the reserved and newly added adjustment capacity called up in the intraday rolling scheduling plan, the cross-timescale adjustment acceptance record and adjustment recovery responsibility record are updated.

[0132] Specifically, when reserving capacity, the corresponding acceptance status is set to accepted and the actual acceptance power and time period are written; when using unreserved capacity, a new acceptance record with the source time scale being intraday is generated; when the original acceptance resource fails, the reason for failure is recorded and a new acceptance record is generated for the alternative resource.

[0133] Specifically, the amount to be restored and the timing of the release of regulation capacity are updated based on the planned energy storage charging and discharging, flexible load transfer, and continuous adjustment status of the units within the day; the planned restoration amount is only an expected arrangement, and the actual amount completed is subject to subsequent equipment feedback.

[0134] Furthermore, based on the resource call results of the intraday rolling scheduling plan in the next real-time control window, the resource nodes that actually undertake the target adjustment tasks are extracted from the candidate resource execution order, and a resource execution order is formed according to the allocation order of the corresponding adjustment tasks; among the candidate resource nodes that have not been written into the resource execution order but still meet the adjustment direction, response delay, allowed duration, remaining adjustable capacity and network security boundary, a backup resource order is formed according to the candidate resource execution order; the baseline power, allowed upward adjustment range, allowed downward adjustment range, resource execution order and backup resource order of each resource node are associated to obtain the real-time scheduling instruction packet.

[0135] The resource execution order is used to determine the order in which each resource node is invoked when the target adjustment power is allocated for the first time in the real-time control phase. The backup resource order is used to determine the order in which alternative resource nodes are invoked when resource execution fails, execution is limited, or there is unfinished adjustment power. The same resource node may not have its resource execution order and backup resource order written to it at the same real-time control window.

[0136] Specifically, the daily plan version, source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map version, control window, resource node and control terminal number, acceptance record number, recovery responsibility number, adjustment range, network security boundary, equipment execution allowable deviation, execution feedback period, security control sequence and instruction failure conditions are associated and written into the real-time scheduling instruction package.

[0137] It should be noted that the resource execution order is used during the normal real-time control phase to allocate ordinary power regulation tasks among permitted resource nodes, and is dynamically generated based on network constraint improvement effects, response delays, permitted durations, regulation recovery burdens, and regulation costs. The safety control order is used to determine the execution order of pre-authorized safe load reduction, renewable energy generation restrictions, and tie-line emergency support measures when topology version mismatch occurs, ordinary power regulation commands cease to be issued, or the grid safety operation boundary is threatened. The safety control order does not participate in the arrangement of candidate resource execution order and backup resource order; these are respectively written into the real-time scheduling command package as ordinary regulation constraints and safety handling constraints.

[0138] It should also be noted that the next real-time control window is usually 15 to 30 minutes, and the control cycle within the window is usually 5 seconds to 5 minutes; the real-time scheduling instruction package only limits the execution boundary of the next control window, and each rolling scheduling generates a new intraday plan version and instruction package number.

[0139] S4. Based on the real-time dispatch instruction package, issue power adjustment instructions to source-side equipment, energy storage equipment, flexible loads, and tie-line equipment in the order of resource execution. Obtain dispatch execution result records through equipment feedback verification, backup resource switching, and grid status verification.

[0140] Furthermore, the system reads the real-time scheduling instruction package corresponding to the current real-time control cycle and verifies the validity period of the instruction package, the version of the source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map, and the execution status of resource nodes.

[0141] Specifically, if the current time is within the control window and validity period, the current topology version is consistent with the instruction package version, and the resource node's acceptance status allows execution, the corresponding resource node will be set to the allow-to-issue state; if any of these conditions are not met, the issuance of the corresponding ordinary power adjustment instruction will be stopped.

[0142] It should be noted that the validity period of the real-time dispatch instruction package shall not exceed the corresponding real-time control window; when the topology version is mismatched, only the safety load reduction, new energy generation restriction and tie line emergency support measures preset in the instruction package shall be executed.

[0143] Furthermore, the system collects data on the actual output of source-side equipment, the charging and discharging power of energy storage, the actual power of flexible loads, the switching power of tie lines, and the actual operating status of the power grid to calculate the system's active power imbalance.

[0144] Specifically, real-time data is time-aligned and quality-verified. Devices that have not been updated for more than two data refresh cycles or whose actual operating values ​​exceed physical boundaries are set as real-time status devices awaiting verification, and their confirmation commands are not used to complete the process.

[0145] The system's active power imbalance is calculated using the following formula: ; in, For the first The system active power imbalance in each real-time control cycle This represents the actual power of the load. This refers to the actual charging power of the energy storage. This represents the actual output power of the tie line. This represents the actual active power loss of the power grid. This represents the actual active power of a conventional generator set. To contribute to the actual development of new energy equipment The actual discharge power of the energy storage This represents the actual input power of the tie line. This is used to number the real-time control cycle.

[0146] Among them, the active power loss rate of the power grid is the ratio of the actual active power loss of the power grid in the most recent effective real-time control cycle of the state estimation to the total power supply of the system in that cycle.

[0147] Specifically, based on the current topology version, the bus voltage, active power at both ends of the lines, active power on both sides of the transformers, and switch status are read from the actual operating data of the power grid after time alignment and quality verification. The active power at both ends of each operational line and transformer is obtained through power grid state estimation. For each operational line and each operational transformer, the active power at both ends is algebraically summed according to the power inflow and power outflow directions to obtain the active power loss of the corresponding line or transformer. The active power losses of all operational lines and transformers within the current real-time control cycle are collected to obtain the actual active power loss of the power grid.

[0148] It should be noted that all other power data in the formulas for actual active power loss and system active power imbalance are uniformly expressed in megawatts. When real-time measurement data is insufficient to complete grid state estimation, the grid active power loss rate of the most recent effective real-time control cycle of state estimation is read, and the product of this grid active power loss rate and the current total power supply of the system is taken as the temporary actual active power loss of the grid, while setting a loss estimation flag; if no effective state estimation result is obtained for two consecutive real-time control cycles, the calculation result with the loss estimation flag is not used to confirm the completion of the adjustment task, and the current real-time control state is set to the pending verification state.

[0149] It should also be noted that when the system active power imbalance is higher than the allowable range of the instruction packet, an upward adjustment is performed; when it is lower than the allowable range, a downward adjustment is performed; when it is within the allowable range, no new ordinary adjustment instruction is added. The allowable range is usually 0.1% to 1% of the real-time load power, and its specific value is written into the instruction packet by the preceding rolling scheduling.

[0150] Furthermore, the target regulating power is determined based on the direction of the system's active power imbalance and the power exceeding the allowable range, and then allocated to the source-side equipment, energy storage equipment, flexible loads, and tie-line equipment that are allowed to execute according to the resource execution sequence.

[0151] Specifically, source-side equipment adjusts target output according to reference power and allowable rate of change; energy storage equipment undertakes corresponding directional regulation by increasing discharge, decreasing charging, increasing charging, or decreasing discharge; flexible loads participate in regulation by load reduction, power transfer, power restoration, or adjustment of charging power; and tie-line equipment adjusts switching power within authorized limits.

[0152] The power regulation command includes the control command number, target active power, power change rate, start execution time, allowable duration, allowable deviation of equipment execution, and execution feedback period.

[0153] It should be noted that the switching of energy storage charging and discharging directions should meet the zero-power holding time and direction switching waiting time specified by the converter; flexible loads should not exceed the maximum regulating power, number of responses, holding time and latest recovery time in the demand response agreement; tie-line regulation should not exceed the allowable deviation of the transaction plan and the scope authorized by the superior dispatcher.

[0154] Furthermore, within the feedback period, the system receives the instruction reception status, instruction execution status, actual active power, and equipment operating status returned by each resource node, and obtains the equipment feedback verification results and the power that has not been adjusted.

[0155] Specifically, the actual active power is compared with the target active power, and data is continuously read for 2 to 5 data refresh cycles. If the actual power is within the allowable deviation range of the equipment execution within the specified sampling cycle and the equipment status is normal, the command execution is deemed valid; otherwise, the unexecuted adjustment power is determined based on the difference between the target adjustment power and the actual effective adjustment power.

[0156] It should be noted that the allowable deviation for equipment execution is determined based on the power tracking error ratio specified in the equipment technical specifications, the measurement error ratio corresponding to the metering accuracy level, and the historical power tracking error ratio. The power grid dispatch control terminal calculates the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the actual stable active power and the target active power to the equipment's rated power from the valid command response records of the same resource node under the same control mode, the same control cycle, and similar target power change ranges. The 95th percentile of this ratio is taken as the historical power tracking error ratio. The maximum value among the power tracking error ratio, measurement error ratio, and historical power tracking error ratio specified in the equipment technical specifications is taken as the initial allowable deviation ratio. When the initial allowable deviation ratio is less than 1%, the allowable deviation for equipment execution is set to 1% of the equipment's rated power. When the initial allowable deviation ratio is between 1% and 5%, the allowable deviation for equipment execution is set according to the initial allowable deviation ratio. When the initial allowable deviation ratio is greater than 5%, the validity of the command execution is not confirmed by expanding the allowable deviation for equipment execution; instead, the corresponding resource node is set as a power tracking status node awaiting verification, and it is suspended from undertaking new regulation tasks requiring precise power tracking. When the permissible deviation specified in the equipment technical specifications or scheduling agreement is less than the value determined according to the aforementioned rules, the smaller value shall be used. In the absence of valid historical command response records, the permissible deviation for equipment execution shall be determined based on the equipment's factory technical parameters, grid connection test records, and metering accuracy level.

[0157] The number of data refresh cycles within the execution feedback period is determined based on the number of cycles required for historical stable responses. The power grid dispatch control terminal calculates the number of data refresh cycles required for the actual active power to enter the allowable deviation range and meet the stable sampling ratio after the equipment reaches the expected response time from the valid command response records of the same resource node. The 95th percentile of this number of cycles is rounded up. If the number of cycles is less than 2, 2 is taken; if it is between 2 and 5, the corresponding integer is taken; if it exceeds 5, 5 is taken. If valid historical command response records are missing, the stable response time in the equipment grid connection test or commissioning record is divided by the data refresh cycle and rounded up; if it still cannot be determined, 5 data refresh cycles are taken. The execution feedback period covers the equipment response delay, control terminal communication delay, and the number of data refresh cycles determined according to the aforementioned rules from the start of execution, and is no later than the earlier of the end time of the current real-time control cycle and the validity period of the real-time dispatch command packet. If the earlier time is insufficient to cover the above time, the corresponding resource node is not determined as an allowed execution resource node for the current real-time control cycle. If the allowable deviation and stable sampling ratio requirements for equipment execution are not met by the feedback deadline, the corresponding power adjustment command is deemed incomplete, and the incomplete adjustment power is calculated. The stable sampling ratio is typically 60%–100%, determined based on the equipment's power fluctuation characteristics and the quality of the feedback data.

[0158] Furthermore, based on the uncompleted adjustment power, standby resource nodes with consistent adjustment direction, sufficient response time, adequate remaining adjustment capacity, and passed network security verification are selected from the standby resource sequence, and standby resource switching is performed.

[0159] Specifically, the alternative adjustment power is determined based on the uncompleted adjustment power and the allowable adjustment range of the backup resource node, and only the uncompleted part of the original resource is replaced; when the feedback status of the original resource is unclear, the instruction is set to a pending confirmation lock state, and its adjustment power is not increased.

[0160] It should be noted that the number of backup resource switching times within a single real-time control cycle is usually 1 to 3 times, depending on the control cycle, equipment response time, and number of backup resources; if there are still unadjusted power after the allowed number of switching times is reached, the process will switch to safety control.

[0161] Furthermore, after the main execution resource adjustment and each backup resource switch, the line load rate, transformer load rate, bus voltage, energy storage state of charge, flexible load state and tie line exchange power are collected to perform grid status verification.

[0162] Specifically, when all operating values ​​are within the safety boundaries specified in the real-time dispatch instruction package, the power grid status verification is deemed successful; when a limit is exceeded, the power regulation of resource nodes that would increase the degree of limit exceedance is stopped according to the set of regulation-sensitive branches and the set of regulation-sensitive nodes, and the remaining regulation power is taken over by the standby resources that will not increase the current limit exceedance.

[0163] Furthermore, the system active power imbalance after control is recalculated; if it still exceeds the allowable range and neither ordinary resources nor standby resources can complete the adjustment, safety control is executed according to the safety control sequence in the real-time scheduling instruction package.

[0164] Specifically, when there is a shortage of active power, the power input of the tie line will be increased within the authorized range first. If there is still a shortage, non-critical loads will be reduced in stages according to the load safety control sequence. When there is a surplus of active power, the power of energy storage charging and the power of flexible loads that can be increased will be increased first. If there is still a surplus, the power generation of new energy sources will be restricted in stages according to the new energy generation restriction sequence.

[0165] It should be noted that after each level of safety control is completed, the system active power imbalance is recalculated and the grid status is checked. Once it enters the allowable range, the execution of subsequent levels is stopped. This step does not temporarily change the load importance level, the order of new energy generation restriction, or the authorized scope of tie lines.

[0166] Furthermore, the actual execution amount of adjustment and restoration responsibility is recorded based on the actual power and actual duration of the equipment, and a scheduling execution identifier is generated based on the power balance results, equipment feedback results, backup resource switching results, and grid status verification results.

[0167] Specifically, the actual discharge amount of energy storage, the actual charging recovery amount, the actual transfer amount of flexible load, the actual restored electricity consumption, and the actual adjustment time of the unit are written into the corresponding adjustment and recovery responsibility record; when the system power imbalance enters the allowable range and the grid status verification is passed, an execution completion mark is generated; when resources are insufficient but the grid status is safe, an execution restriction mark is generated; when only safety control is performed, a safety control execution mark is generated; and when there is still a limit exceeding after safety control, an execution abnormality mark is generated.

[0168] Furthermore, it aggregates real-time dispatch instruction packages, power adjustment instructions, equipment feedback verification results, incomplete adjustment power, standby resource switching results, grid status verification results, actual execution amount of adjustment and recovery responsibility, and dispatch execution identifiers to obtain dispatch execution result records.

[0169] The scheduling execution result record includes the result record number, real-time scheduling instruction package number, day-ahead plan version, intraday plan version, source-grid-load-storage operation constraint diagram version, control cycle, acceptance record number, recovery responsibility number, control instruction number, resource node number, baseline power, target power, actual power, equipment feedback status, standby resource node, power imbalance before and after control, network security verification result, actual recovery amount, and scheduling execution identifier.

[0170] It should be noted that this step only executes the instruction issuance, feedback verification, standby switching, power grid status verification, and result recording according to the resource execution order, standby resource order, adjustment range, and safety control order already determined in the real-time dispatch instruction package. It does not re-solve the day-ahead basic dispatch plan, re-execute intraday rolling dispatch, or update the dispatch optimization model.

[0171] In summary, this invention achieves unified organization and network constraint association of operational information from different sources and at different time granularities by: performing time alignment, quality verification, and topology version association on source-grid-load-storage operation data and scheduling boundary data; and establishing a source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map that includes resource nodes, grid nodes, electrical connection relationships, and regulation impact relationships. This improves the consistency of scheduling input data and the degree of matching between scheduling results and the actual grid topology. By issuing power regulation commands according to the resource execution order and performing feedback verification based on the actual active power, execution status, and operating status returned by the equipment, and switching to standby resources when the original regulation resource has not achieved the target power, this invention achieves closed-loop verification of the execution of scheduling commands and timely compensation for unachieved regulation power, thereby improving the reliability of source-side equipment, energy storage equipment, flexible loads, and tie-line equipment in executing scheduling commands.

[0172] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales, characterized in that, include: Collect source-grid-load-storage operation data and scheduling boundary data, and establish a source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map through time alignment, quality verification and topology version association, and obtain operation status records, scheduling boundary parameter records and multi-time scale adjustable capability records; Based on the operation status record, scheduling boundary parameter record, multi-timescale adjustable capacity record, and source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map, the day-ahead power balance and network constraint solution are used to obtain the day-ahead basic scheduling plan, cross-timescale adjustment acceptance record, and adjustment recovery responsibility record. Based on the intraday updated data and the day-ahead basic scheduling plan, combined with cross-timescale adjustment acceptance records and adjustment recovery responsibility records, the remaining adjustable capacity is calculated, and real-time scheduling instruction packages are obtained through rolling scheduling. Based on the real-time dispatch instruction package, power adjustment instructions are issued to source-side equipment, energy storage equipment, flexible loads, and tie-line equipment in accordance with the resource execution order. Through equipment feedback verification, backup resource switching, and grid status verification, the dispatch execution result record is obtained.

2. The source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The collection of source-grid-load-storage operation data and scheduling boundary data, through time alignment, quality verification, and topology version association, establishes a source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map, and obtains operation status records, scheduling boundary parameter records, and multi-time-scale adjustable capability records, including: Data is collected from the energy management system, distribution automation system, energy storage management system, load management system, trading planning system, and equipment control terminals, including source-side operation data, grid-side operation data, load-side operation data, energy storage-side operation data, and dispatch boundary data. The system acquires the data generation time, data source refresh cycle, and scheduling period of each data item, and uses the current scheduling calculation time as the unified scheduling reference time to align the data items in time. After time alignment, each piece of data is sequentially checked for field integrity, physical boundary, rate of change, and correlation consistency, and corresponding data quality tags are generated. Data from the source-grid-load-storage operation, marked with valid data quality, is collected according to resource node number and unified scheduling reference time to obtain operation status records; Associate the scheduling boundary data with valid data quality tags according to the scheduling date and scheduling period to obtain the scheduling boundary parameter records.

3. The source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of collecting source-grid-load-storage operation data and scheduling boundary data, and establishing a source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map through time alignment, quality verification, and topology version association, and obtaining operation status records, scheduling boundary parameter records, and multi-time-scale adjustable capability records also includes: Generate the current electrical connection table based on the connection relationships and operating status between busbars, lines, transformers, and switchgear; The current electrical connection table is compared with the electrical connection table of the previous scheduling cycle, and the current topology version is determined based on the changed connection relationships and equipment operating status. Based on the current electrical connection table, resource nodes, grid nodes, and electrical connection edges are set, and the current topology version is associated with resource nodes, grid nodes, and electrical connection edges to establish a source-grid-load-storage operation constraint graph; Based on the allowable power range, response delay, allowable duration, and energy boundary of each resource node, the adjustable capabilities under the day-ahead time scale, intraday time scale, and real-time control time scale are calculated respectively. Based on the source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map, the line capacity, transformer load rate and bus voltage of each adjustable capacity are verified. The verification results are associated with the corresponding resource nodes and the current topology version to obtain adjustable capacity records at multiple time scales.

4. The source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales as described in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the day-ahead basic scheduling plan by solving day-ahead power balance and network constraints, based on operating status records, scheduling boundary parameter records, multi-timescale adjustable capacity records, and source-grid-load-storage operation constraint maps, includes: Obtain the operation status record, scheduling boundary parameter record, multi-timescale adjustable capacity record, and source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map with the same scheduling data batch number, and establish the day-ahead scheduling input data group based on the data timestamp and topology version number; The initial operating status of each resource node is determined based on the operating status record. The day-ahead scheduling period is divided based on the scheduling boundary parameter record, and the predicted net load, equipment operating boundary, and power grid safe operation boundary are determined for each day-ahead scheduling period. Based on the predicted net load and historical prediction errors, the upward and downward adjustment demands for each day-ahead scheduling period are determined. By combining the adjustable capacity records of multiple time scales, day-ahead power balance constraints, equipment operation constraints, and energy state constraints are established to obtain day-ahead candidate scheduling plans. Write the planned power of each resource node in the candidate scheduling plan into the source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map, and verify the line capacity, transformer load rate and bus voltage. Adjust the planned power that failed the verification based on the set of sensitive branches and the set of sensitive nodes, and associate the planned power, planned energy status and network security verification results of each resource node that passed the verification with the day-ahead basic scheduling plan.

5. The source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The acquisition of the day-ahead basic scheduling plan, cross-timescale adjustment acceptance record, and adjustment recovery responsibility record also includes: Based on the planned power and multi-timescale adjustable capacity records of each resource node in the day-ahead basic scheduling plan, determine the remaining adjustable capacity of each resource node in each day-ahead scheduling period. Based on the adjustment direction of the remaining adjustable capacity, response delay, allowable duration, and network security executable range, candidate adjustable capabilities for intraday time scale and real-time control time scale are screened respectively. Based on the upward and downward adjustment needs of each day's scheduling period, candidate adjustment capacity is reserved and allocated, and resource nodes, reserved power, reserved electricity, target acceptance time scale and execution period are associated to obtain cross-time scale adjustment acceptance records. Based on the energy and capacity occupancy generated by the charging and discharging of energy storage devices, flexible load transfer, and continuous regulation of conventional generator sets in the cross-timescale regulation and acceptance records, the amount to be restored and the conditions for releasing regulation capacity are determined respectively. Based on the amount to be restored, the allowed restoration period, the maximum restoration power, the latest restoration time, and the release time of the regulation capacity, obtain the regulation restoration responsibility record associated with the cross-timescale regulation takeover record.

6. The source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales as described in claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The process of calculating the remaining adjustable capacity based on intraday updated data and the day-ahead basic scheduling plan, combined with cross-timescale adjustment acceptance records and adjustment recovery responsibility records, and obtaining real-time scheduling instruction packages through rolling scheduling includes: Obtain forecasted output of new energy sources, forecasted load power, actual operating status of equipment, operating status of the power grid, and current topology version, and obtain data updated within the day; The data updated within the day is time-aligned according to the unified scheduling benchmark time, and field integrity verification, physical boundary verification, change rate verification, and topology version verification are performed. The updated load forecast power and renewable energy forecast output are compared with the load forecast power and renewable energy planned utilization power for the corresponding scheduling period in the day-ahead basic dispatch plan, and the net load forecast deviation is calculated. The upward and downward adjustment demands are determined based on the positive and negative directions of the net load forecast deviation, and the intraday adjustment demand is obtained based on the duration, magnitude, and corresponding bus position of the net load forecast deviation.

7. The source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The calculation of remaining adjustable capacity by combining cross-timescale adjustment acceptance records and adjustment recovery responsibility records also includes: The adjustable capabilities of each resource node on the equipment side are determined based on the actual operating status of the equipment, power regulation boundary, energy status and response time. The adjustable capabilities of the equipment are written into the source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map corresponding to the current topology version. The current adjustable capabilities of each resource node are determined by verifying the line capacity, transformer load rate and bus voltage. Obtain the adjustment capacity occupancy in the adjustment acceptance records across time scales, including those in the reserved pending acceptance state, accepted state, executing state, and recovery responsibility incomplete state, and read the recovery lock amount corresponding to the adjustment recovery responsibility record; Subtract the adjustment capacity usage, recovery lock amount, and safety reserve lock amount from the current executable adjustment capacity, and obtain the remaining upward adjustment capacity and the remaining downward adjustment capacity of each resource node respectively; Based on intraday adjustment needs, candidate resources are selected from resource nodes whose remaining adjustable capacity meets the adjustment direction, response latency, allowed duration, and network security boundary, and the execution order of the candidate resources is determined.

8. The source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The process of obtaining real-time scheduling instruction packets through rolling scheduling includes: Based on the day-ahead basic scheduling plan, and according to the intraday adjustment demand and the execution order of candidate resources, intraday incremental power balance constraints, equipment operation constraints, adjustment capacity occupancy constraints, adjustment recovery responsibility constraints, and network security constraints are established. Within the rolling scheduling scope, calculate the intraday adjustment power of each resource node relative to the day-ahead basic scheduling plan to obtain the intraday rolling scheduling plan; Based on the reserved and newly added regulation capacity called up in the daily rolling scheduling plan, update the cross-time scale regulation acceptance record, and update the regulation recovery responsibility record based on the energy storage charging and discharging volume, flexible load transfer volume, and unit continuous regulation status. Obtain the baseline power, allowable upward adjustment range, allowable downward adjustment range, resource execution order, and standby resource order of each resource node in the next real-time control window from the intraday rolling scheduling plan; By associating network security boundaries, permissible deviations in device execution, execution feedback deadlines, adjustment and recovery responsibility numbers, and instruction failure conditions with the extraction results, real-time scheduling instruction packages can be obtained.

9. The source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The step of issuing power adjustment commands to source-side devices, energy storage devices, flexible loads, and tie-line devices according to the real-time scheduling command package and the resource execution order, and verifying the data through device feedback, also includes: Obtain the real-time scheduling instruction package corresponding to the current real-time control cycle, verify the validity period of the real-time scheduling instruction package, the version of the source-grid-load-storage operation constraint map, and the execution status of each resource node, and determine the resource nodes that are allowed to execute; Acquire the actual output of source-side equipment, the charging and discharging power of energy storage equipment, the actual power of flexible loads, the switching power of tie lines, and the actual operation data of the power grid; calculate the system's active power imbalance; and determine the target adjustment direction and target adjustment power. According to the resource execution order in the real-time scheduling instruction package, the target regulation power is allocated sequentially to the source-side equipment, energy storage equipment, flexible loads and tie-line equipment that are allowed to execute; Based on the allocation results, a power regulation command is generated, which includes the target active power, power change rate, start time, allowable duration, and execution feedback period, and then sent to the control terminal of the corresponding device. It receives the instruction reception status, instruction execution status, actual active power and equipment operating status returned by each resource node, compares the actual active power with the target active power, and obtains the equipment feedback verification results and the power that has not been adjusted.

10. The source-grid-load-storage optimization scheduling method based on multiple time scales as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The backup resource switching and power grid status verification, and the acquisition of scheduling execution result records include: Based on the uncompleted adjustment power, select standby resource nodes from the standby resource sequence of the real-time scheduling instruction packet that have the same adjustment direction, meet the response time requirements, have sufficient remaining adjustment capacity, and are in normal operating status. The set of regulation-sensitive branches and the set of regulation-sensitive nodes of the standby resource nodes are correlated and verified with the current power grid operating status to determine the standby resource nodes that are allowed to undertake the unfinished regulation power. Based on the uncompleted adjustment power and the allowable adjustment range of the backup resource node, determine the alternative adjustment power, generate the alternative power adjustment command and send it to the corresponding backup resource node, and obtain the backup resource switching result; Obtain the line load rate, transformer load rate, bus voltage, energy storage state of charge, tie line exchange power, and system active power imbalance after alternative power regulation, and perform grid status verification. It collects power regulation commands, equipment feedback verification results, power not regulated, backup resource switching results, grid status verification results, and actual execution of regulation and recovery responsibilities, and obtains dispatch execution result records.

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