Charging and discharging control system, charging and discharging system and electric heating atomization device

Abstract

Disclosed are a charging and discharging control system, a charging and discharging system and an electric heating atomization device. The system comprises: a first switch, a first end of which is used for connecting a first end of a battery, and a second end of which is used for connecting a first end of an inductor; a second switch, a first end of which is connected to a second end of the first switch, and a second end of which is used for connecting a first end of a capacitor and a first end of a charging power supply; a discharging switch, a first end of which is connected to a second end of the second switch, and a second end of which is used for connecting a first end of a load; a charging switch, a first end of which is used for connecting a second end of the battery, a second end of the inductor, a second end of the capacitor and a second end of the load, and a second end of which is used for connecting a second end of the charging power supply; and a control module configured to be capable of working in a charging mode and a discharging mode, wherein in the discharging mode, the control module controls the state of each switch so that the battery discharges to the load; and in the charging mode, the control module controls the state of each switch so that the charging power supply charges the battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of circuits, and more particularly to a charge and discharge control system, a charge and discharge system, and an electric heating atomizing device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, common rechargeable devices include rechargeable batteries, loads, discharge control circuits for controlling the battery's discharge to the load, and charging control circuits for controlling the charging power supply to charge the battery. Summary of the Invention

[0003] A charging and discharging control system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a first switch, the first end of which is connected to a first end of a battery, and the second end of which is connected to a first end of an inductor; a second switch, the first end of which is connected to a second end of the first switch, and the second end of which is connected to a first end of a capacitor and a first end of a charging power supply; a discharging switch, the first end of which is connected to a second end of the second switch, and the second end of which is connected to a first end of a load; a charging switch, the first end of which is connected to a second end of the battery, a second end of the inductor, a second end of the capacitor, and a second end of the load, and the second end of which is connected to a second end of the charging power supply; and a control module configured to operate in a charging mode and a discharging mode, wherein, in the discharging mode, the control module controls the charging switch to remain off and the discharging switch to remain on, and controls the first switch and the second switch to alternately turn on, so that the battery discharges to the load; and in the charging mode, the control module controls the discharging switch to remain off and the charging switch to remain on, and controls the first switch and the second switch to alternately turn on, so that the charging power supply charges the battery.

[0004] The charging and discharging system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a battery, an inductor, a capacitor, and the charging and discharging control system described above.

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an electrically heated atomizing device includes the above-described charging and discharging system and a load, wherein the load includes a heating element exhibiting resistive characteristics. Attached Figure Description

[0006] The invention can be better understood from the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a conventional rechargeable device is shown.

[0007] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a rechargeable device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0008] Figure 3 It shows Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the working circuit structure of a rechargeable device in discharge mode.

[0009] Figure 4 It shows Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the working circuit structure of a rechargeable device in charging mode.

[0010] Figure 5 It shows Figure 2 A waveform diagram of relevant signals in a rechargeable device.

[0011] Figure 6 Another circuit structure diagram of a rechargeable device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0012] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the control module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0013] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the discharge control loop circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0014] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the charging control loop circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0015] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a mode selection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0016] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the anti-current backflow circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0017] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a PWM generation circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described in detail. Numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed description to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced without requiring some of these specific details. The following description of embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the invention by illustrating examples of the invention. The invention is by no means limited to any specific configurations and algorithms presented below, but covers any modifications, substitutions, and improvements to elements, components, and algorithms without departing from the spirit of the invention. Well-known structures and techniques are not shown in the drawings and the following description in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the invention.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a conventional rechargeable device 100 is shown. For example... Figure 1As shown, a conventional rechargeable device 100 includes a rechargeable battery BAT, a load R0, a charging control circuit 101, and a discharging control circuit 102. The charging control circuit 101 controls the charging process of the battery BAT by the charging power supply Ui, and the discharging control circuit 102 controls the discharging process of the battery BAT to the load R0. The charging power supply Ui can be provided through a standard USB A / C port, and the battery BAT can include a single cell or multiple cells. The charging control circuit 101 can be a buck circuit topology, for example... Figure 1 As shown, the charging control circuit 101 may include a switch K1, a diode D1, a capacitor C1, and an inductor L1. When switch K1 is on, diode D1 is off, inductor L1 is magnetized, and energy is stored in inductor L1. Simultaneously, the charging power supply Ui directly transfers energy to the battery BAT. When switch K1 is off, diode D1 is on, inductor L1 is demagnetized, and energy is transferred from the inductor to the battery BAT. Figure 1 As shown, the discharge control circuit 102 can be a buck-boost circuit topology, including a switch K2, a diode D2, a capacitor C2, and an inductor L2. When switch K2 is on, diode D2 is off, inductor L2 is magnetized, and energy is stored in inductor L2. When switch K2 is off, diode D2 is on, inductor L2 is demagnetized, and the inductor energy is transferred to the load R0. Since the charging control circuit 101 and the discharging control circuit 102 each include an energy storage inductor, and energy storage inductors are expensive and bulky, the overall production cost of the rechargeable device is high and it is difficult to miniaturize it.

[0020] According to the charging and discharging control system of the present invention, switching between charging mode and discharging mode is possible. In charging mode, the inductor and switches cooperate to charge the battery, and in discharging mode, the inductor and switches cooperate to discharge the battery to the load. The charging and discharging modes share the same inductor in a time-sharing manner, reducing the number of inductors in the entire system, thereby reducing the overall production cost and enabling implementation in a smaller size.

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a rechargeable device 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2As shown, the rechargeable device 200 includes a charging / discharging system and a load R0. The charging / discharging system includes a battery BAT, an inductor L, a capacitor C, and a charging / discharging control system. The charging / discharging control system includes a first switch Q1, a second switch Q2, a discharge switch Q3, a charging switch Q4, and a control module 202. The load R0 is an example of a load with resistive characteristics. Exemplarily, when the rechargeable device 200 is an electrically heated atomizing device, the load R0 includes a heating element with resistive characteristics. This heating element can be a metal needle or a metal cup, and its resistance can range, for example, from 0.15Ω to 1.2Ω. In this embodiment, the load can also exhibit other impedance characteristics, which can be adapted according to the actual application requirements of the rechargeable device 200, and are not limited here.

[0022] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, and the discharge switch Q3 can be implemented by metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), such as N-channel MOSFETs.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the charging switch Q4 may include two identical MOSFETs connected in series back-to-back. Back-to-back series connection refers to two identical MOSFETs being connected with a common gate, receiving the same signal at both gates, and simultaneously connected with a common source or common drain, for example... Figure 2 The charging switch Q4 includes two common-drain N-channel MOSFETs. When the two MOSFETs are connected back-to-back in series, their body diodes are reverse-connected, and the current in their series path is bidirectionally blocked. Figure 2 As shown, when the charging switch Q4 remains off, no leakage current flows through the body diode inside the charging switch Q4, and the path between the charging power supply Ui and the circuit on the left side of the charging switch Q4 is completely cut off.

[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, the control module 202 can receive the voltage Vbat of battery BAT, the output voltage Vo on load R0, and the voltage signals of ports SW, Vi, and Pmid, and generate signals G1, G2, DCH_en, and CH_en. Signal G1 is generated using the voltage of port SW as a reference voltage and is used to control the on / off state of the first switch Q1. Signal G2 is generated using the voltage of port Pmid as a reference voltage and is used to control the on / off state of the second switch Q2. Signal DCH_en is used to control the on / off state of the discharge switch Q3. Signal CH_en is used to control the on / off state of the charging switch Q4.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the control module 202 is configured to operate in a charging mode and a discharging mode. In the charging mode or the discharging mode, the control module 202 will send different signals to the control terminals of each switch to make each switch be in a corresponding state.

[0026] Figure 3 It shows Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the operating circuit structure of the rechargeable device 200 in discharge mode. (See attached diagram.) Figure 3 As shown, in the discharge mode, the control module 202 controls the charging switch Q4 to remain off and the discharge switch Q3 to remain on, and controls the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 to alternately turn on, so that the battery BAT discharges to the load R0.

[0027] Figure 4 It shows Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the operating circuit structure of the rechargeable device 200 in charging mode. (See attached diagram.) Figure 4 As shown, in the charging mode, the control module 202 controls the discharge switch Q3 to remain off and the charging switch Q4 to remain on, and controls the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 to alternately turn on, so that the charging power supply Ui charges the battery BAT.

[0028] According to embodiments of the present invention, the control module can operate in either a charging mode or a discharging mode. The control module may include a charging control circuit and a discharging control circuit, wherein the charging control circuit controls the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 to conduct alternately according to the charging mode, and the discharging control module controls the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 to conduct alternately according to the discharging mode. In the charging mode, the control module enables the charging control circuit. In the discharging mode, the control module enables the discharging control circuit.

[0029] In some embodiments, the control module can also be in standby mode. Each charging mode and discharging mode has preset judgment conditions. If neither the judgment condition for the charging mode nor the discharging mode is met, the control module is in standby mode. In standby mode, the control module controls the charging switch Q4, the discharging switch Q3, the first switch Q1, and the second switch Q2 to turn off.

[0030] In some embodiments, the control module 202 may be further configured to enter a discharge mode if a discharge command is received, provided that the battery voltage Vbat is not lower than the discharge threshold. The battery voltage Vbat not being lower than the discharge threshold is a prerequisite for entering the discharge mode. To extend the battery BAT's lifespan, it can be set so that battery BAT is not allowed to discharge when the battery voltage Vbat is too low, avoiding over-discharge of the battery BAT. Receiving a discharge command is the trigger condition for entering the discharge mode. For example, the rechargeable device 200 may include an interactive button; when the interactive button is pressed, the control module 202 will receive the discharge command sent by the interactive button.

[0031] In some embodiments, the control module 202 can detect whether a charging power supply Ui is connected by the voltage between port Vi and port Pmid, and enters charging mode when a charging power supply Ui is detected. The conditions for determining charging mode and discharging mode may be met simultaneously, for example, when the rechargeable device 200 receives a discharging command when a charging power supply Ui is connected. However, the control module 202 cannot operate in both discharging mode and charging mode simultaneously. Therefore, the priority relationship between these two modes can be preset: assuming the first mode takes precedence over the second mode, the first mode is entered directly as long as the conditions for the first mode are met; the second mode is entered only when the conditions for the second mode are met if the conditions for the first mode are not met; and the standby mode is maintained if neither condition is met.

[0032] Taking the higher priority of discharge mode as an example, the control module 202 can be further configured as follows: if the battery voltage Vbat is not lower than the discharge threshold and a discharge command is received, it enters the discharge mode; if the battery voltage Vbat is lower than the discharge threshold or no discharge command is received, it enters the charging mode if a charging power supply Ui is detected to be connected to the charging and discharging control system. If neither of the two conditions is met, i.e., the charging and discharging control system is not connected to the charging power supply Ui, and the battery voltage Vbat is lower than the discharge threshold or no discharge command is received, it remains in standby mode.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the charging mode, the charging switch Q4 is turned on and the discharging switch Q3 is turned off; in the discharging mode, the charging switch Q4 is turned off and the discharging switch Q4 is turned on. The charging switch Q4 and the discharging switch Q3 are not allowed to be turned on simultaneously; the action of turning on one switch is usually performed after ensuring that the other is completely turned off. In some cases, there are conditions that cause the switching between the charging mode and the discharging mode. For example, if a discharging command is received in the charging mode, it is necessary to switch from the charging mode to the discharging mode. Another example is that if the discharging command stops in the discharging mode and the charging / discharging control system is connected to a charging power supply Ui, it is necessary to switch from the discharging mode to the charging mode. In some embodiments, the state switching between the charging mode and the discharging mode can be transitioned through a standby mode, and the standby mode must be maintained for a certain duration to ensure that all switches are turned off. Therefore, the control module 202 is further configured to: in the charging mode, enter a standby mode and wait for a preset duration before entering the discharging mode; and in the discharging mode, enter a standby mode and wait for a preset duration before entering the charging mode.

[0034] In some embodiments, after controlling the discharge switch Q3 and the charging switch Q4, a delay can be waited to ensure that the discharge switch Q3 and the charging switch Q4 have been fully switched to their respective operating modes. Then, the discharge control circuit or the charging control circuit is enabled, and the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 are controlled to alternately conduct. Entering the discharge mode at this time includes: turning off the charging switch Q4 and turning on the discharge switch Q3, waiting for a preset time, and then controlling the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 to alternately conduct. Entering the charging mode includes: turning off the discharge switch Q3 and turning on the charging switch Q4, waiting for a preset time, and then controlling the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 to alternately conduct.

[0035] In some embodiments, the control module 202 is further configured to: in standby mode, wait for a preset time before entering discharge mode or charging mode. Waiting for the preset time before entering discharge mode or charging mode ensures that when one of the charging switch Q4 and the discharging switch Q3 is turned on, the other is completely turned off.

[0036] In the above embodiments, it is mentioned multiple times that a preset time is waited before performing the next operation. The preset time can be the same or different each time. The specific value is set according to the actual scenario and is not limited here.

[0037] Figure 5 It shows Figure 2 A waveform diagram of relevant signals in the rechargeable device 200. (See diagram for example.) Figure 5As shown, before time t0, the battery voltage Vbat is lower than the discharge threshold Vth, and the battery is in standby mode with all switches off. At time t0, the voltage between port Vi and port Pmid (denoted as Vi-Pmid) increases, indicating that a charging power supply Ui is connected. After a delay, at time t1, the control module 202 enters charging mode, and the signal CH_en goes high, controlling the charging switch Q4 to turn on. After another delay, at time t2, the control module 202 controls the charging PWM enable signal CH_en_PWM to go high, enabling the charging control circuit in the control module 202. The charging control circuit will control the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 to alternately turn on according to the charging mode. After entering charging mode, the battery BAT is charged, and the battery voltage Vbat begins to gradually rise.

[0038] At times t3~t4, the discharge command signal Strike goes high, indicating that a discharge command has been received. However, since the battery voltage Vbat is lower than the discharge threshold Vth, the control module 202 will not enter the discharge mode at this time, but will continue to work in the charging mode.

[0039] At time t5, the battery voltage Vbat rises to the threshold voltage Vth.

[0040] At time t6, the discharge command signal Strike goes high, indicating that a discharge command has been received. Since the battery voltage Vbat is higher than the threshold Vth, the conditions for switching to discharge mode are met, and the system needs to switch to discharge mode. The specific switching process is from t6 to t7. At time t6, the control module 202 quickly switches from the original charging mode to standby mode, i.e., the control signal CH_en and the charging PWM enable signal CH_en_PWM go low, turning off all switches. In standby mode, the battery voltage Vbat remains unchanged. After a delay, at time t7, the control module 202 enters discharge mode, and the control signal DCH_en goes high, i.e., controlling the discharge switch Q3 to conduct. After a delay, at time t8, the control module 202 controls the discharge PWM enable signal DCH_en_PWM to go high, enabling the discharge control circuit in the control module 202. The discharge control circuit will then control the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 to conduct alternately according to the discharge mode. At this time, the battery BAT discharges, and the battery voltage Vbat begins to decrease.

[0041] At time t9, the discharge command signal Strike goes low, meaning no more discharge commands are received. Since the charging power supply Ui is always connected, it needs to switch to charging mode. The specific switching process is from t9 to t10. At time t9, the control module 202 quickly enters standby mode from the original discharge mode, that is, the control signal DCH_en and the discharge PWM enable signal DCH_en_PWM go low, turning off all switches. During this time, the battery voltage Vbat remains unchanged. After a delay, at time t10, the control module 202 enters charging mode, and the control signal CH_en goes high. After a delay, at time t11, the control charging PWM enable signal CH_en_PWM goes high to enable the charging control circuit. The charging control circuit will control the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 to conduct alternately according to the charging mode. As the battery BAT charges, the battery voltage Vbat gradually rises.

[0042] At time t12, the signal Vi-Pmid goes low, indicating that the charging power supply Ui has been disconnected. The control module 202 enters standby mode, and the control signal CH_en and the charging PWM enable signal CH_en_PWM go low, turning off all switches. The battery voltage Vbat remains unchanged.

[0043] At time t13, the discharge command signal Strike goes high, indicating that a discharge command has been received. Since the battery voltage Vbat is higher than the discharge threshold Vth, the control module 202 enters the discharge mode at time t14 after a delay. At time t14, the control signal DCH_en of the control module 202 goes high, turning on the discharge switch Q3. After a delay until time t15, the control module 202 turns on the discharge PWM enable signal DCH_en_PWM to enable the discharge control circuit. The discharge control circuit will then control the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 to conduct alternately according to the discharge mode. During this time, the battery voltage Vbat gradually decreases.

[0044] At time t16, the discharge command signal Strike goes low, meaning that no more discharge commands are received. The control module 202 enters standby mode, and the control signal DCH_en and the discharge PWM enable signal DCH_en_PWM go low, turning off all switches. At this time, the battery voltage Vbat begins to remain constant.

[0045] like Figure 3As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, in the discharge mode, the magnetizer is the first switch Q1, and the freewheeling diode is the second switch Q2. During the alternating conduction of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2, when the first switch Q1 is on and the second switch Q2 is off, the current flows from the battery BAT through the first switch Q1 to the inductor L, the inductor L is magnetized, and energy is stored in the inductor L. When the first switch Q1 is off and the second switch Q2 is on, since the current in the inductor L cannot change abruptly, the current flows from the inductor L to the capacitor C and the load R0, and then returns to the inductor L through the second switch Q2, the inductor L is demagnetized, and the inductor energy is transferred to the capacitor C and the load R0. Since the current in the inductor L does not change abruptly during the alternating conduction process, when the input voltage Vbat is positive, the output voltage Vo is negative. By adjusting the conduction duration of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2, the output voltage Vo can be made higher or lower than the input battery voltage Vbat. During the charging or discharging process of battery BAT, the voltage fluctuates. Control module 202 can adjust the conduction duration of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 based on the actual value of the battery voltage Vbat to ensure the output voltage reaches the target value. The target output voltage Vo is typically determined based on the function of the load R0 in the rechargeable device 200. For example, in an electrically heated atomizing device, the heating temperature of the load R0 and the voltage across its terminals (i.e.,...) are considered to be... Figure 3 The output voltage Vo is positively correlated with the target temperature. Electric heating atomizing devices typically require the load R0 to reach the target temperature, which in effect requires the voltage across the load R0 to reach the target voltage.

[0046] Figure 6 Another circuit structure diagram of a rechargeable device 600 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 6 Compared to the rechargeable device 600 shown Figure 2 The rechargeable device 200 adds a sampling resistor Rs, and the control module 602 adds a pin to receive the port voltage Vs compared to the control module 202. For example... Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the charging and discharging system may further include a sampling resistor Rs. Here, the voltage across the sampling resistor Rs (in...) Figure 6 The voltage (which can be viewed as port voltage Vs) indicates the magnitude of the current passing through the resistor, and therefore can be called the current sampling voltage.

[0047] In some embodiments, the current sampling voltage of the sampling resistor Rs serves as the basis for monitoring the state of the discharge mode. In the discharge mode, the current flowing through the sampling resistor Rs is the same as the current flowing through the load R0. By comparing the current sampling voltage with a preset reference voltage, it can be determined whether the current flowing through the load R0 meets the requirements, and further, whether the voltage across the load R0 meets the requirements, and whether the rechargeable device is in normal working condition. Figure 6This is just one example of a sampling resistor Rs. For discharge mode, the sampling resistor Rs can be located anywhere in the current loop containing the load when the inductor L demagnetizes in discharge mode, i.e., as shown below. Figure 3 On any of the marked line segments 1-10.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, in the charging mode, the magnetizer is the second switch Q2, and the freewheeling diode is the first switch Q1. At this time, the positive terminal of the charging power supply Ui is connected to the negative terminal of the battery BAT through the charging switch Q4. When the second switch Q2 is turned on and the first switch Q1 is turned off, current flows from the charging power supply Ui to the inductor L, the inductor L is magnetized, and energy is stored in the inductor L. When the second switch Q2 is turned off and the first switch Q1 is turned on, current flows from the inductor L through the first switch Q1 to the battery BAT, thereby charging the battery BAT. In some embodiments, the control module 202 can detect whether the voltage between port Vi and port Pmid is greater than the charging threshold to determine whether a charging power supply Ui is connected. If it is greater than the charging threshold, it is determined that a charging power supply Ui is connected. In some embodiments, the charging power supply Ui can be provided by a USB A port or a USB C port, and in this case, the charging power supply Ui is typically a DC voltage of not less than 5V. Correspondingly, the charging threshold value can range from 1V to 4V.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the charging of battery BAT typically involves first constant power charging followed by constant voltage charging. When the battery BAT has a low charge level, the battery voltage Vbat is low. Constant power charging is performed by controlling the conduction time of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2, thereby replenishing the charge of battery BAT as quickly as possible. The charging power is equal to the product of the voltage of the charging power supply Ui and the charging current. Since the charging power supply Ui is usually a constant voltage, constant power charging can be achieved by controlling the charging current to be constant.

[0050] In some embodiments, the charging current can be achieved through, for example, Figure 6 The sampling voltage is obtained by measuring the current through the sampling resistor Rs. In charging mode, the sampling voltage of the current through the sampling resistor Rs can be used as the basis for controlling the alternating conduction of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2. The control module 602 can control the alternating conduction of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 based on the sampling voltage to maintain the sampling voltage at a specific value, at which point the charging current remains constant. Figure 6 This is just one example of a sampling resistor Rs. For charging mode, the sampling resistor Rs can be connected in series at any point in the current loop when the inductor L is energized, i.e., as shown below. Figure 4 On any of the marked line segments 1-6 and 11-14.

[0051] When battery BAT is nearly fully charged, the battery voltage Vbat is relatively high. Constant voltage charging is achieved by controlling the on-time of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2, meaning the battery voltage Vbat remains constant during charging. Due to the internal resistance of battery BAT, the charging current gradually decreases during constant voltage charging.

[0052] According to embodiments of the present invention, both the charging mode and the discharging mode involve sampling resistors. In some embodiments, two sampling resistors can be set to generate corresponding current sampling voltages in the charging mode and the discharging mode, respectively. In this case, the sampling resistor used for the discharging mode can be located at... Figure 3 On any of the marked line segments 1-10, the sampling resistor for the charging mode can be located at... Figure 4 On any of the marked line segments 1-6 and 11-14.

[0053] Since the discharge and charging modes do not occur simultaneously, in some embodiments, only one sampling resistor can be set and time-division multiplexed for both the charging and discharging modes. In this case, the sampling resistor can be located at... Figure 3 and Figure 4 Of any of the line segments 1-6 that are marked, the line segment 1 or 2 is preferred. Figure 6 This is an example where the sampling resistor Rs is located on the marked line segment 1.

[0054] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the control module 602 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the control module 602 may include a mode selection circuit 701, a discharge control circuit, and a charging control circuit. The discharge control circuit includes a discharge control loop circuit 702, a PWM generation circuit 704, and an anti-current backflow circuit 705. The charging control circuit includes a charging control loop circuit 703, a PWM generation circuit 704, and an anti-current backflow circuit 705.

[0055] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the discharge control loop circuit 702 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the discharge control loop circuit 702 may include voltage sources V1, V2, V3, resistors R1, R2, R3, a transconductance operational amplifier G1, a capacitor C1, and a comparator H1. In discharge mode, when the input voltage Vbat is positive, the output voltage Vo is negative. Voltage source V1 provides a bias voltage Vref1, and resistors R1 and R2 serve as sampling resistors, thereby obtaining the positive sampling voltage Vo_fb corresponding to the output voltage Vo. Voltage source V2 provides the reference voltage Vref_Vo. Transconductance operational amplifier G1 converts the input voltage error into current flowing into the compensation network composed of R3 and C1, which generates the compensation voltage Comp_DCH. Voltage source V3 provides the sawtooth wave voltage Vsaw1. Comparator H1 compares the compensation voltage Comp_DCH and the sawtooth wave voltage Vsaw1, and generates the discharge constant voltage loop PWM control signal Q1.

[0056] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the charging control loop circuit 703 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the charging control loop circuit 703 may include voltage sources V4 and V5, transconductance operational amplifiers G2 and G3, a voltage control source E1, resistors R4-R8, capacitors C2 and C3, and comparators H2 and H3. Resistors R4 and R5 sample the battery voltage Vbat to obtain the sampled battery voltage Vbat_fb. Voltage source V4 provides the reference voltage Vref_BAT for battery sampling. Transconductance operational amplifier G2 converts the input voltage error into current flowing into the compensation network composed of R6 and C2. Voltage source V5 provides a sawtooth wave voltage Vsaw2. Comparator H2 compares the two input voltages to generate the charging constant voltage loop PWM control signal Q2_1. Vs is amplified by voltage control voltage source E1, and noise and clutter are filtered out by the filter network composed of R7 and C3 to finally obtain voltage Vs1. The error between voltage Vs1 and the battery charging constant current threshold Vref_BAT_cc is converted into current by transconductance operational amplifier G3 and flows into the compensation network composed of R8 and C4. Comparator H3 compares the two input voltages to generate the charging constant current (constant power) loop PWM control signal Q2_2.

[0057] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a mode selection circuit 701 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 10As shown, in some embodiments, the mode selection circuit 701 may include a voltage source V6, a voltage control source E2, comparators H4 and H7, buffers U1, U3, and U4, and AND gates U2 and U5. The voltage control source E2 amplifies the voltage difference between the two input terminals. The voltage source V6 provides a charging threshold (e.g., a value of 1V to 4V). When the voltage at port Vi minus the voltage at port Pmid is greater than the charging threshold, a charging power insertion signal USB_plug is generated after a delay by comparator H4. Buffer U1 also functions as an inverter; the discharge command signal Strike is delayed by buffer U1 and outputs a pair of logically opposite signals, which are sent to AND gates U2 and U5 respectively. AND gate U2 performs an AND operation on the two input signals to generate a control signal CH_en. The control signal CH_en is then delayed by buffer U3 and outputs a charging PWM enable signal CH_PWM_en. Comparator H7 compares the battery voltage Vbat with the discharge threshold Vth and outputs the comparison result to AND gate U5. The AND gate U5 performs a bitwise AND operation on the two input signals to generate a control signal DCH_en. This control signal DCH_en is then delayed by the buffer U4 before being output as an amplified PWM enable signal DCH_PWM_en. Based on H7, U2, and U5, the selection between discharge and charging modes can be achieved: when the battery voltage Vbat is not lower than the discharge threshold Vth, if the discharge command signal strike goes high, the system enters discharge mode; when the battery voltage Vbat is lower than the discharge threshold Vth or the discharge command signal strike is low, if a charging power supply Ui is detected, the system enters charging mode.

[0058] In charging and discharging control systems, reverse inductance current may occur during the low current phase of charging mode and under abnormal load conditions during discharging mode. In traditional charging and discharging systems, the freewheeling diode is a unidirectional diode that automatically cuts off the reverse inductance current, preventing backflow. In the charging and discharging system according to this embodiment of the invention, the control module can monitor the current through the freewheeling diode (the first switch Q1 in charging mode and the second switch Q2 in discharging mode) and promptly turn off the freewheeling diode when the current crosses zero to ensure that no reverse inductance current occurs, thus preventing backflow. Here, the current in the freewheeling diode can be detected by a current sensing resistor, which can be a high-power metallized resistor resistant to current surges. Alternatively, the current in the freewheeling diode can be detected by sensing the parasitic on-resistance of the freewheeling diode (first switch Q1 or second switch Q2).

[0059] In some embodiments, the control module may be further configured to: in the charging mode, analyze whether the current through the first switch Q1 crosses zero based on the source-drain voltage of the first switch Q1, and turn off the first switch Q1 when it crosses zero.

[0060] In some embodiments, the control module may be further configured to: in discharge mode, analyze whether the current through the second switch Q2 crosses zero based on the source-drain voltage of the second switch Q2, and turn off the second switch Q2 when it crosses zero.

[0061] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the anti-current backflow circuit 705 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 11 As shown, in some embodiments, the anti-current backflow circuit 705 may include a voltage source V7 and a comparator H5. The source-drain voltage of the first switch Q1 is obtained by subtracting the power supply voltage Vbat from the port SW. In charging mode, the first switch Q1 acts as a freewheeling diode. When the first switch Q1 is turned on, the detected source-drain voltage is positive due to the parasitic impedance at the source and drain of the first switch Q1. The voltage source V7 provides a voltage reference with an amplitude near zero. When the source-drain voltage of the first switch Q1 reaches this voltage reference, the current through the first switch Q1 (i.e., the inductor current) is considered to have crossed zero. The comparator H5 provides a zero-crossing signal CH_ZCD and its NOT signal CH_ZCD_b during charging.

[0062] like Figure 11 As shown, in some embodiments, the anti-current backflow circuit 705 may include a voltage source V8 and a comparator H6. The difference between port Pmid and port SW is the source-drain voltage of the second switch Q2. In discharge mode, the second switch Q2 acts as a freewheeling diode. When the second switch Q2 is turned on, the monitored source-drain voltage is positive due to the parasitic impedance at the source and drain of the second switch Q2. The voltage source V8 provides a voltage reference with an amplitude near zero. When the source-drain voltage of the second switch Q2 reaches this voltage reference, it is considered that the current through the second switch Q2 (i.e., the inductor current) has crossed zero. The comparator H6 provides the zero-crossing signal DCH_ZCD and its NOT signal DCH_ZCD_b during discharge.

[0063] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a PWM generation circuit 704 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 12 As shown, the PWM generation circuit 704 includes AND logic gates U51, U6, U7, U10, U12, U13, U15, U16, or logic gates U8, U11, U14, U17, and buffer U9. The charging constant voltage loop PWM control signal Q2_1 and the charging constant current loop PWM control signal Q2_2 are ANDed to generate the charging PWM control signal Q20. When the charging PWM enable signal CH_PWM_on is high, signal Q3 is the same as signal Q20. When the discharging PWM enable signal DCH_PWM_on is high, signal Q3 is the same as signal Q10. Figure 10It can be seen that signals CH_PWM_on and DCH_PWM_on cannot be high simultaneously. Therefore, signal Q3 is either a choice between signals Q10 and Q20, or it is low. Components U9, U10, and U11 form a complementary signal generation circuit with dead time. Signal Q4 can be considered approximately equal to signal Q3, and signal Q4b can be considered as a complementary signal with dead time within the PWM cycle.

[0064] exist Figure 12 In this circuit, components U12-U17 form the signal selection circuit. When the discharge PWM enable signal DCH_PWM_on is high, the circuit enters discharge mode. The magnetizer acts as the first switch Q1, and its control signal G1 is based on the voltage at port SW. At this time, the freewheeling diode acts as the second switch Q2, and its control signal G2 is based on the voltage at port Pmid. When the inductor current crosses zero, the signal DCH_ZCD_b goes low, the control signal G2 goes low, and the second switch Q2 is turned off. When the charging PWM enable signal CH_PWM_on is high, the circuit enters charging mode. The magnetizer acts as the second switch Q2, and its control signal G2 is based on the voltage at port Pmid. At this time, the freewheeling diode acts as the first switch Q1, and its control signal G1 is based on the voltage at port SW. When the inductor current crosses zero, the signal CH_ZCD_b goes low, the control signal G1 goes low, and the first switch Q1 is turned off.

[0065] This invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit and essential characteristics. For example, the algorithm described in a particular embodiment can be modified without departing from the basic spirit of the invention. Therefore, the present embodiments are to be regarded as exemplary rather than limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents are thus included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A charging and discharging control system, comprising: The first switch (Q1) has a first terminal for connecting to the first terminal of the battery (BAT) and a second terminal for connecting to the first terminal of the inductor (L1). The second switch (Q2) has its first end connected to the second end of the first switch, and the second end is used to connect the first end of the capacitor (C1) and the first end of the charging power supply (Ui); The discharge switch (Q3) has its first terminal connected to the second terminal of the second switch, and the second terminal is used to connect to the first terminal of the load (R1). The charging switch (Q4) has a first terminal for connecting to the second terminal of the battery, the second terminal of the inductor, the second terminal of the capacitor, and the second terminal of the load, and a second terminal for connecting to the second terminal of the charging power supply. as well as The control module is configured to operate in both charging and discharging modes. In the discharge mode, the control module controls the charging switch to remain off and the discharging switch to remain on, and controls the first switch and the second switch to alternately turn on, so that the battery discharges to the load. In the charging mode, the control module controls the discharge switch to remain off and the charging switch to remain on, and controls the first switch and the second switch to alternately turn on, so that the charging power supply charges the battery.

2. The charging and discharging control system according to claim 1, wherein, The charging switch includes two identical MOSFETs connected in series back to back.

3. The charging and discharging control system according to claim 1, wherein, The control module is further configured to: If a discharge command is received while the battery voltage is not lower than the discharge threshold, the battery enters the discharge mode. If the battery voltage is lower than the discharge threshold or no discharge command is received, and the charging control system is detected to be connected to the charging power supply, then the charging mode is entered. as well as When the charging and discharging control system is not connected to the charging power source, and the battery voltage is lower than the discharge threshold or no discharge command is received, the system remains in standby mode. In the standby mode, the control module controls the charging switch, the discharging switch, the first switch, and the second switch to turn off.

4. The charging and discharging control system according to claim 3, wherein, Entering the discharge mode includes: turning off the charging switch and turning on the discharging switch, waiting for a preset time, and then controlling the first switch and the second switch to alternately turn on. Entering the charging mode includes: turning off the discharge switch and turning on the charging switch, and after waiting for a preset time, controlling the first switch and the second switch to alternately turn on.

5. The charging and discharging control system according to claim 3, wherein, The control module is further configured to: In the charging mode, before entering the discharging mode, the system enters the standby mode and waits for a preset duration; and In the discharge mode, before entering the charging mode, the system enters the standby mode and waits for a preset duration.

6. The charging and discharging control system according to claim 3, wherein, The control module is further configured to wait for a preset time in standby mode before entering the discharge mode or the charging mode.

7. The charging and discharging control system according to claim 1, wherein, The control module is further configured to: In the charging mode, the current through the first switch is analyzed based on the source-drain voltage of the first switch to determine whether it crosses zero, and the first switch is turned off when it crosses zero.

8. The charging and discharging control system according to claim 1, wherein, The control module is further configured to: In the discharge mode, the current through the second switch is analyzed based on the source-drain voltage of the second switch to determine whether it crosses zero, and the second switch is turned off when it crosses zero.

9. A charging and discharging system, comprising the battery, the inductor, the capacitor, and a charging and discharging control system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The charging and discharging system according to claim 9, wherein, It also includes a resistor connected between the inductor and the second switch, or between the second switch and the charging power supply, or between the charging power supply and the charging switch, or between the charging switch and the inductor, for generating a current sampling voltage as the basis for controlling the alternating conduction of the first switch and the second switch in the charging mode.

11. The charging and discharging system according to claim 9, wherein, It also includes a resistor connected between the inductor and the second switch, or between the second switch and the discharge switch, or between the discharge switch and the load, or between the load and the inductor, for generating a current sampling voltage as a basis for monitoring the state of the discharge mode.

12. An electrically heated atomizing device, comprising a charge-discharge system as described in any one of claims 9 to 11 and the load, the load comprising a heating element exhibiting resistive characteristics.

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