Energy storage hierarchical protection scheduling method, system and equipment for deep-buried underground station

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of energy storage layered protection scheduling method, system and equipment of deep-buried underground station, belong to energy storage optimization scheduling technical field, method includes: real-time acquisition energy storage system SOC, discharge depth, cycle number, battery temperature, charge-discharge power variation and battery health state, calculate battery life loss index BLDI;According to BLDI, battery health state and station key load standby power demand division priority discharge interval, limit discharge interval and protection interval;Normal discharge, limit discharge, improve discharge termination SOC, prohibit deep discharge or forced charging and so on layered protection strategy are respectively executed in different intervals, and BLDI is updated and dynamically adjusted protection threshold and control parameter after each scheduling cycle ends.This application will BLDI be converted into energy storage layered protection control variable facing deep-buried underground station operation safety constraint from pure life loss evaluation index, can reduce battery life loss while guaranteeing key load standby power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy management and energy storage optimization scheduling technology for urban rail transit, and in particular to a method, system and equipment for energy storage hierarchical protection scheduling in deeply buried underground stations. Background Technology

[0002] As urban rail transit expands deeper underground, the number of deeply buried underground stations (typically exceeding 120 meters in depth, with some reaching 200–1000 meters) is increasing. These stations are characterized by their great depth, high airtightness, and high dependence on external energy sources. Critical loads such as ventilation, lighting, communication, emergency evacuation, and security monitoring place extremely high demands on power supply reliability. Energy storage systems, as crucial energy backup facilities for these stations, play a vital role in providing backup power for critical loads. Their charging and discharging scheduling strategies directly impact station operational safety and the lifespan of the energy storage equipment.

[0003] Energy storage batteries buried deep in underground railway stations often age rapidly due to deep discharge and frequent cycling during charging and discharging. Existing energy storage dispatching strategies have the following drawbacks: First, it neglects battery life loss. Traditional energy storage dispatch strategies use electricity price differences or peak-valley arbitrage as the sole optimization objective, unilaterally pursuing the economic benefits of a single charge-discharge cycle while ignoring the comprehensive loss of battery life caused by multiple factors such as depth of discharge, number of cycles, temperature deviation, power fluctuations, and health degradation. This leads to the dilemma of "energy saving but not cost saving." Although some existing technologies have publicly calculated energy storage battery life loss based on cycle depth or depth of discharge and incorporated battery life loss costs into the optimal dispatch of energy storage systems, their optimization objective is still mainly economic, and they do not use the life loss index as a direct decision variable for real-time dispatch control.

[0004] Second, there is a lack of quantitative methods for addressing the special operating conditions of deeply buried underground stations. Existing technologies mainly focus on day-ahead optimization scheduling of general energy storage systems or wind-solar-storage combined power plants, emphasizing obtaining the optimal charging and discharging strategy through cycle life decay models and piecewise linearization methods. However, their life loss assessments are mostly limited to the planning stage or day-ahead scheduling level, failing to address the real-time quantification of life loss in deeply buried underground station energy storage systems under the coupled effects of multiple factors such as deep discharge, frequent cycling, temperature deviation, and power fluctuations during actual operation. There is a lack of real-time calculation methods that unify and quantify multiple factors such as discharge depth, cycle count, temperature deviation, power fluctuation, and health status decay.

[0005] Third, there is no tiered protection mechanism for deeply buried underground stations. The operation of energy storage systems in deeply buried underground stations has unique characteristics: on the one hand, these systems bear the long-term responsibility of providing backup power for critical loads such as ventilation, lighting, communication, emergency evacuation, and safety monitoring, requiring reliable backup power reserves; on the other hand, energy storage batteries age rapidly under deep discharge and frequent charge-discharge switching conditions, and when batteries approach their lifespan limit, there is a lack of dynamic protection strategies based on remaining lifespan. Existing technologies do not directly link battery lifespan degradation status with the station's critical load backup power, safe SOC lower limit, discharge power limits, and forced charging strategies, nor do they establish a tiered protection and control mechanism for battery lifespan degradation index to address the operational safety constraints of deeply buried underground stations.

[0006] In summary, existing technologies suffer from problems such as neglecting the overall loss of battery life, lacking quantitative methods for the special working conditions of deeply buried underground stations, and lacking a hierarchical protection mechanism. There is an urgent need for an energy storage dispatching method that can take into account both battery life protection and backup power guarantee for critical loads of stations. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the technical problems existing in the prior art and provide a method, system and equipment for hierarchical protection and scheduling of energy storage in deeply buried underground stations. This invention is not aimed at the day-ahead cost-optimal scheduling of ordinary energy storage systems or wind-solar-storage combined power plants, but at the operating conditions of energy storage systems in deeply buried underground stations that bear critical load guarantees for a long time. The invention uses the depth of discharge, number of cycles, battery temperature, charge and discharge power fluctuations and battery health status to form the Battery Life Loss Index (BLDI). This index is directly correlated with the station's safe SOC lower limit, critical load reserve power, maximum allowable depth of discharge, maximum discharge power and forced charging strategy, thereby achieving coordinated control of battery life protection, station operation safety and energy storage scheduling economy.

[0008] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for energy storage hierarchical protection and scheduling in deeply buried underground railway stations, comprising the following steps: S1. Real-time acquisition of operational status data of the deep-buried underground station energy storage system. The operational status data includes at least the energy storage system's state of charge, current discharge depth, cumulative cycle count, battery temperature, changes in charging and discharging power within adjacent scheduling cycles, battery health status, and the station's critical load reserve power requirements. S2. Calculate the battery life loss index based on the operating status data. The battery life loss index is used to characterize the device-level equivalent life loss of the energy storage battery under the combined effects of deep discharge, frequent cycling, temperature deviation, power fluctuation and health state decay. S3. Based on the battery life loss index, battery health status and the reserve power demand of the station's critical load, determine the first protection threshold and the second protection threshold, and divide the allowable operating range of the energy storage system into a priority discharge range, a restricted discharge range and a protection range, wherein the second protection threshold is higher than the first protection threshold. S4. Generate an energy storage charging and discharging control strategy based on the allowed operating range of the energy storage system: when the energy storage system is in the priority discharge range, discharge commands are allowed to be executed according to scheduling requirements; when the energy storage system is in the restricted discharge range, the maximum allowable discharge power is reduced, the continuous discharge time is shortened, and the discharge termination state of charge is increased; when the energy storage system is in the protection range, deep discharge is prohibited, and the system is forced to switch to charging state when the state of charge is lower than the safe state of charge limit. S5. After each scheduling cycle, the battery life loss index, battery health status, and reserve power demand of the station's critical loads are updated on a rolling basis according to the changes in the operating status data of the deep underground station energy storage system; and the first protection threshold, second protection threshold, maximum allowable discharge depth, maximum allowable discharge power, and discharge termination state of charge are dynamically adjusted according to the updated battery life loss index, battery health status, and reserve power demand of the station's critical loads.

[0009] In some embodiments, in step S3, when the battery life loss index is lower than the first protection threshold, the energy storage system's allowed operating range is divided into a priority discharge range; when the battery life loss index is greater than or equal to the first protection threshold and lower than the second protection threshold, the energy storage system's allowed operating range is divided into a restricted discharge range; when the battery life loss index is greater than or equal to the second protection threshold, the energy storage system's allowed operating range is divided into a protection range.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first protection threshold and the second protection threshold are determined based on the statistical distribution of the historical battery life loss index of the energy storage system. The first protection threshold is taken as the 60th percentile of the historical distribution of the battery life loss index, and the second protection threshold is taken as the 85th percentile of the historical distribution of the battery life loss index.

[0011] In some embodiments, when the battery health status is lower than a preset health threshold, or when the reserve power demand of the station's critical load increases, the first protection threshold and the second protection threshold are reduced.

[0012] In some embodiments, the battery life degradation index is calculated using the following formula: in, BLDI This indicates the battery life degradation index, and DOD represents the current depth of discharge. DOD ref Indicates the reference depth of discharge. Ncycle To accumulate the number of loops,N ref For reference, the number of loops, T bat This is the current battery temperature. T opt This is the optimal operating temperature for the battery. T range For the allowable temperature deviation range, ΔP is the change in charging and discharging power within adjacent scheduling cycles; P rated The rated power of the energy storage system; SOH represents the battery's state of health. a, b, c, d, e For preset weighting coefficients, k This is the depth of discharge index coefficient.

[0013] In some embodiments, the station critical load reserve power is used to ensure the continuous power supply needs of ventilation, lighting, communication, emergency evacuation and safety monitoring loads in deeply buried underground stations.

[0014] In some embodiments, in step S4, when the energy storage system is in the protection zone, the energy storage system prohibits the execution of discharge commands that would cause the state of charge to fall below the safe state of charge limit, and prioritizes the execution of replenishment or charging control strategies.

[0015] A second aspect of the present invention provides an energy storage hierarchical protection and dispatching system for deeply buried underground railway stations, comprising: The operation status data acquisition module is used to collect the operation status data of the deep underground station energy storage system in real time. The operation status data includes at least the energy storage system's state of charge, current discharge depth, cumulative cycle count, battery temperature, change in charging and discharging power in adjacent scheduling cycles, battery health status, and the reserve power demand of the station's critical loads. The battery life loss index calculation module is used to calculate the battery life loss index based on the operating status data. The battery life loss index is used to characterize the device-level equivalent life loss of the energy storage battery under the combined effects of deep discharge, frequent cycling, temperature deviation, power fluctuation and health state decay. The energy storage system allows operating range division module is used to determine the first protection threshold and the second protection threshold based on the battery life loss index, battery health status and the reserve power demand of the station's critical load, and divide the allowable operating range of the energy storage system into a priority discharge range, a restricted discharge range and a protection range, wherein the second protection threshold is higher than the first protection threshold. The energy storage charging and discharging control strategy formulation module is used to generate an energy storage charging and discharging control strategy based on the allowable operating range of the energy storage system: when the energy storage system is in the priority discharge range, the discharge command is allowed to be executed according to the scheduling requirements; when the energy storage system is in the restricted discharge range, the maximum allowable discharge power is reduced, the continuous discharge time is shortened, and the discharge termination state of charge is increased; when the energy storage system is in the protection range, deep discharge is prohibited, and the system is forced to switch to the charging state when the state of charge is lower than the safe state of charge limit. The operation status data update module is used to continuously update the battery life loss index, battery health status, and reserve power demand of the station's critical loads based on the changes in the operation status data of the deep underground station energy storage system after each scheduling cycle. It also dynamically adjusts the first protection threshold, second protection threshold, maximum allowable discharge depth, maximum allowable discharge power, and discharge termination state of charge based on the updated battery life loss index, battery health status, and reserve power demand of the station's critical loads.

[0016] A third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores computer instructions that can be executed on the processor, and the processor executes the energy storage hierarchical protection and scheduling method for a deeply buried underground station as described in the first aspect when executing the computer instructions.

[0017] It should be further noted that the technical features corresponding to the above-mentioned options and embodiments can be combined or substituted with each other to form new technical solutions without conflict.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Real-time Quantification of Equipment-Level Multi-Factor Coupled Lifetime Loss: This invention incorporates discharge depth, cycle count, battery temperature, charge / discharge power fluctuations, and battery health status into the calculation of the battery lifetime loss index. This means the battery lifetime loss index no longer reflects only the lifetime loss caused by a single discharge depth or cycle count, but rather the comprehensive equivalent lifetime loss state of deeply buried underground station energy storage batteries under actual operating conditions due to the coupled effects of multiple factors such as deep discharge, frequent cycling, temperature deviation, power fluctuations, and health status degradation. This invention achieves a more comprehensive and accurate real-time quantification of battery lifetime loss, providing accurate decision-making basis for subsequent hierarchical protection and scheduling.

[0019] 2. Layered Protection for Critical Loads: This invention determines first and second protection thresholds based on battery life loss index, battery health status, and the reserve power demand of critical loads at the station. It directly correlates the battery life loss index with the reserve power demand of critical loads in deeply buried underground stations, the safe state of charge limit, the maximum allowable discharge depth, the maximum discharge power, and the forced charging strategy. The allowable operating range of the energy storage system is divided into priority discharge range, restricted discharge range, and protection range, achieving layered protection scheduling for energy storage to ensure station operational safety. Simultaneously, the protection threshold is dynamically lowered when the battery health status falls below a preset health threshold or when the reserve power demand of critical loads increases. This allows the protection threshold to adaptively adjust with changes in battery aging and station operational safety requirements, avoiding both the insufficient protection of fixed thresholds after battery aging and the safety risk of insufficient reserve power due to excessively high protection thresholds when critical load demand increases.

[0020] 3. Balancing Battery Life and Station Operation Safety: By dynamically adjusting protection thresholds, maximum allowable depth of discharge, maximum allowable discharge power, and discharge termination state of charge, this invention reduces battery life loss caused by deep discharge and frequent cycling, while preserving reserve power for critical loads such as ventilation, lighting, communication, emergency evacuation, and safety monitoring. Furthermore, by adjusting control parameters in real time based on the actual battery aging trajectory and changes in operating conditions, the protection strategy always matches the current battery state, effectively extending battery life. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a layered protection and scheduling method for energy storage in a deeply buried underground railway station, as shown in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that the defects in the solutions in the prior art are all the results of the inventors' practice and careful research. Therefore, the discovery process of the above problems and the solutions proposed by the embodiments of this application in the following text should be the inventors' contributions to this application in the process of invention and creation, and should not be understood as technical content known to those skilled in the art.

[0024] In view of the technical problems pointed out in the background art, the present invention provides the following embodiments: like Figure 1 As shown in an exemplary embodiment, a method for energy storage hierarchical protection scheduling of a deeply buried underground railway station is provided, including the following steps: S1. Real-time acquisition of operational status data of the energy storage system in the deep underground station. The operational status data includes at least the energy storage system's state of charge (SOC), current discharge depth, cumulative cycle count, battery temperature, changes in charge and discharge power within adjacent scheduling cycles, battery health status, and the reserve power requirements of the station's critical loads. S2. Calculate the Battery Life Degradation Index (BLDI) based on the operating status data. The Battery Life Degradation Index is used to characterize the device-level equivalent life loss of the energy storage battery under the combined effects of deep discharge, frequent cycling, temperature deviation, power fluctuation and health state decay. S3. Based on the battery life loss index, battery health status and the reserve power demand of the station's critical load, determine the first protection threshold and the second protection threshold, and divide the allowable operating range of the energy storage system into a priority discharge range, a restricted discharge range and a protection range, wherein the second protection threshold is higher than the first protection threshold. S4. Generate an energy storage charging and discharging control strategy based on the allowed operating range of the energy storage system: when the energy storage system is in the priority discharge range, discharge commands are allowed to be executed according to scheduling requirements; when the energy storage system is in the restricted discharge range, the maximum allowable discharge power is reduced, the continuous discharge time is shortened, and the discharge termination state of charge is increased; when the energy storage system is in the protection range, deep discharge is prohibited, and the system is forced to switch to charging state when the state of charge is lower than the safe state of charge limit. S5. After each scheduling cycle, the battery life loss index, battery health status, and reserve power demand of the station's critical loads are updated on a rolling basis according to the changes in the operating status data of the deep underground station energy storage system; and the first protection threshold, second protection threshold, maximum allowable discharge depth, maximum allowable discharge power, and discharge termination state of charge are dynamically adjusted according to the updated battery life loss index, battery health status, and reserve power demand of the station's critical loads.

[0025] The buried depth of the deep underground station is greater than or equal to 120 meters.

[0026] Specifically, the battery life loss index is calculated using the following formula: in, BLDI This indicates the battery life degradation index, and DOD represents the current depth of discharge. DOD refIndicates the reference depth of discharge. Ncycle To accumulate the number of loops, N ref For reference, the number of loops, T bat This is the current battery temperature. T opt This is the optimal operating temperature for the battery. T range For the allowable temperature deviation range, ΔP is the change in charging and discharging power within adjacent scheduling cycles; P rated The rated power of the energy storage system; SOH represents the battery's state of health. a, b, c, d, e For preset weighting coefficients, k This is the depth of discharge index coefficient.

[0027] This formula shows the battery life loss index. BLDI The BLDI value is directly proportional to the power of the depth of discharge; the greater the depth of discharge, the higher the BLDI value. (Battery Life Degradation Index) BLDI The BLDI value is directly proportional to the number of cycles; the more cycles, the higher the BLDI value. Battery life degradation index. BLDI It also adjusts based on battery temperature, increasing BLDI when the battery temperature deviates from the optimal operating range.

[0028] In step S3, when the battery life depletion index BLDI When the battery life loss index falls below the first protection threshold, the energy storage system's permissible operating range is designated as a priority discharge range; when the battery life loss index... BLDI When the battery life loss index is greater than or equal to the first protection threshold but lower than the second protection threshold, the energy storage system's permissible operating range is classified as a restricted discharge range; when the battery life loss index... BLDI When the value is greater than or equal to the second protection threshold, the energy storage system's permissible operating range is divided into a protection range. The thresholds between the priority discharge range, the limited discharge range, and the protection range are based on the battery life loss index. BLDI Dynamic adjustment: When the battery life degradation index BLDI At higher levels, the discharge limit and protection zones will shift towards lower discharge depths.

[0029] The first and second protection thresholds are based on the historical battery life loss index of the energy storage system. BLDI The statistical distribution is determined, and the first protection threshold is taken as the battery life loss index. BLDI The 60th percentile of the historical distribution, the second protection threshold is taken as the battery life loss index. BLDI The 85th percentile of the historical distribution.

[0030] When the battery's State of Health (SOH) falls below a preset health threshold, or when the reserve power demand of critical loads at the station increases, the first and second protection thresholds are lowered. Specifically, battery aging (decreased SOH) means increased internal resistance and intensified polarization. At the same depth of discharge (DOD), the lifespan loss of an aged battery is far greater than that of a healthy battery. If the original high threshold (e.g., 85th percentile) is still used at this time, the battery may suffer irreversible and severe damage due to deep discharge before even triggering the "protection zone." Lowering the threshold means allowing the aged battery to enter a limited or protected state earlier, avoiding further damage.

[0031] Furthermore, the reserve power for critical loads in the station is used to ensure the continuous power supply needs of ventilation, lighting, communication, emergency evacuation, and safety monitoring loads in deeply buried underground stations. Ventilation and emergency loads in deeply buried underground stations are crucial to life safety; when reserve power demand increases, the energy storage system must reserve more energy. Lowering the threshold means the system's tolerance for "lifespan loss" is reduced, and by entering the protection / limitation zone earlier, the remaining power is forcibly retained to prevent excessive consumption of the State of Charge (SOC).

[0032] Assuming the base value of the first protection threshold is 60% and the base value of the second protection threshold is 85%, this embodiment adjusts the first and second protection thresholds based on dynamic threshold calculation using a correction factor: When the battery health status (SOH) is lower than the preset health threshold, taking the adjustment of the first protection threshold as an example: in, This indicates the adjusted first protection threshold. This represents the base value of the first protection threshold. This indicates a preset health threshold. This represents the attenuation factor.

[0033] When the demand for reserve power for critical loads at a station increases, taking the adjustment of the second protection threshold as an example: in, This represents the base value of the second protection threshold. This indicates the shortfall in reserve power demand for critical loads. This represents the offset coefficient; the larger the coefficient, the more the second protection threshold is lowered.

[0034] Furthermore, in step S4, when the energy storage system is in the protection zone, the energy storage system is prohibited from executing discharge commands that would cause the state of charge to fall below the safe state of charge limit, and priority is given to executing the replenishment or charging control strategy.

[0035] In another exemplary embodiment, based on the same inventive concept as the method embodiment, an energy storage hierarchical protection and dispatching system for deeply buried underground railway stations is provided, comprising: The operation status data acquisition module is used to collect the operation status data of the deep underground station energy storage system in real time. The operation status data includes at least the energy storage system's state of charge, current discharge depth, cumulative cycle count, battery temperature, change in charging and discharging power in adjacent scheduling cycles, battery health status, and the reserve power demand of the station's critical loads. The battery life loss index calculation module is used to calculate the battery life loss index based on the operating status data. The battery life loss index is used to characterize the device-level equivalent life loss of the energy storage battery under the combined effects of deep discharge, frequent cycling, temperature deviation, power fluctuation and health state decay. The energy storage system allows operating range division module is used to determine the first protection threshold and the second protection threshold based on the battery life loss index, battery health status and the reserve power demand of the station's critical load, and divide the allowable operating range of the energy storage system into a priority discharge range, a restricted discharge range and a protection range, wherein the second protection threshold is higher than the first protection threshold. The energy storage charging and discharging control strategy formulation module is used to generate an energy storage charging and discharging control strategy based on the allowable operating range of the energy storage system: when the energy storage system is in the priority discharge range, the discharge command is allowed to be executed according to the scheduling requirements; when the energy storage system is in the restricted discharge range, the maximum allowable discharge power is reduced, the continuous discharge time is shortened, and the discharge termination state of charge is increased; when the energy storage system is in the protection range, deep discharge is prohibited, and the system is forced to switch to the charging state when the state of charge is lower than the safe state of charge limit. The operation status data update module is used to continuously update the battery life loss index, battery health status, and reserve power demand of the station's critical loads based on the changes in the operation status data of the deep underground station energy storage system after each scheduling cycle. It also dynamically adjusts the first protection threshold, second protection threshold, maximum allowable discharge depth, maximum allowable discharge power, and discharge termination state of charge based on the updated battery life loss index, battery health status, and reserve power demand of the station's critical loads.

[0036] Based on the above methods and systems, the following provides a specific example to describe the present invention: a deeply buried underground railway station, approximately 120 meters deep, is equipped with a lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage system with a rated capacity of 500 kWh. Traditional dispatching strategies achieve a depth of discharge (DOD) of 90% per cycle. The energy storage system has a rated power of 100 kW and a safe state of charge (SOC) lower limit of 40%, used to ensure backup power for critical loads such as ventilation, lighting, communication, and emergency evacuation.

[0037] According to step S1 of the present invention, the real-time operating status data of the energy storage system is collected as follows: Current depth of discharge (DOD) = 90%; Total number of loops Ncycle = 3500 times; Current battery temperature T bat = 35℃; The change in charging and discharging power within adjacent scheduling cycles is ΔP = 40kW; Battery state of health (SOH) = 0.85; Rated power of energy storage system P rated = 100kW; The station's critical load reserve power requirement is 40% of its rated capacity.

[0038] The relevant parameters are set as follows: Reference Discharge Depth DOD ref = 80%; Reference loop count N ref = 6000 times; Optimal operating temperature of battery T opt = 25℃; Allowable temperature deviation range T range = 15℃; a=0.35, b=0.20, c=0.15, d=0.15, e=0.15, k=2 ; Substitute the battery life loss index BLDI From the calculation formula, we can obtain that BLDI ≈ 0.710.

[0039] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the first protection threshold is set to 0.50, and the second protection threshold is set to 0.70. Since the current BLDI ≈ 0.710, which is higher than the second protection threshold, the energy storage system enters the protection zone. The system generates the following energy storage protection control strategy: The maximum discharge power is reduced from 80kW to 40kW; the discharge termination SOC is increased from 20% to 40%; the maximum allowable depth of discharge is limited from 90% to 60%; when the SOC is lower than the safe SOC lower limit, deep discharge is prohibited and the system is forced to switch to charging mode; priority is given to reserving reserve power for critical loads such as ventilation, lighting, communication and emergency evacuation.

[0040] After optimization, the relevant parameters changed as follows: DOD = 60%; Ncycle = 3500 times; Tbat = 30℃; ΔP = 15kW; SOH = 0.85.

[0041] Recalculate using the same method: BLDI ≈ 0.377.

[0042] As can be seen, the battery life loss index was significantly reduced after optimized control, decreasing from 0.710 to 0.377, a reduction of 46.9%. The energy storage system returned from the protection zone to the priority discharge zone. Although the method of this invention reduces the amount of discharge per cycle, it improves the battery cycle life, and the total usable discharge capacity over the entire life cycle actually increases, while reducing annual maintenance costs.

[0043] In another exemplary embodiment, based on the same inventive concept as the method embodiment, an electronic device is provided, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores computer instructions that can be executed on the processor. When the processor executes the computer instructions, it performs an energy storage hierarchical protection scheduling method for a deeply buried underground station provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] The processor may be a single-core or multi-core central processing unit or a specific integrated circuit, or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the present invention.

[0045] The embodiments of the subject matter and functional operation described in this specification can be implemented in: tangibly embodied computer software or firmware, computer hardware including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, or combinations thereof. Embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented as one or more computer programs, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a tangible, non-transitory program carrier for execution by a data processing device or for controlling the operation of a data processing device. Alternatively or additionally, the program instructions may be encoded on artificially generated propagation signals, such as machine-generated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signals, which are generated to encode information and transmit it to a suitable receiving device for execution by the data processing device.

[0046] The processing and logic flow described in this specification can be executed by one or more programmable computers that execute one or more computer programs to perform corresponding functions by operating on input data and generating output. The processing and logic flow can also be executed by dedicated logic circuitry—such as FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays) or ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits), and the device can also be implemented as dedicated logic circuitry.

[0047] Suitable processors for executing computer programs include, for example, general-purpose and / or special-purpose microprocessors, or any other type of central processing unit. Typically, the central processing unit receives instructions and data from read-only memory and / or random access memory. The basic components of a computer include a central processing unit for implementing or executing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Typically, a computer will also include one or more mass storage devices for storing data, such as disks, magneto-optical disks, or optical disks, or the computer will be operatively coupled to such mass storage devices to receive data from or transfer data to them, or both. However, a computer is not required to have such devices. Furthermore, a computer can be embedded in another device, such as a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile audio or video player, a game console, a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, or a portable storage device such as a universal serial bus (USB) flash drive, to name a few.

[0048] It should be understood that each block in a flowchart or block diagram can represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those shown in the figures. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, or they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0049] The above detailed embodiments are a description of the present invention. It should not be considered that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions and substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all of these should be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for energy storage hierarchical protection and scheduling in a deeply buried underground railway station, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Real-time acquisition of operational status data of the deep-buried underground station energy storage system. The operational status data includes at least the energy storage system's state of charge, current discharge depth, cumulative cycle count, battery temperature, changes in charging and discharging power within adjacent scheduling cycles, battery health status, and the station's critical load reserve power requirements. S2. Calculate the battery life loss index based on the operating status data. The battery life loss index is used to characterize the device-level equivalent life loss of the energy storage battery under the combined effects of deep discharge, frequent cycling, temperature deviation, power fluctuation and health state decay. S3. Based on the battery life loss index, battery health status and the reserve power demand of the station's critical load, determine the first protection threshold and the second protection threshold, and divide the allowable operating range of the energy storage system into a priority discharge range, a restricted discharge range and a protection range, wherein the second protection threshold is higher than the first protection threshold. S4. Generate an energy storage charging and discharging control strategy based on the allowed operating range of the energy storage system: when the energy storage system is in the priority discharge range, discharge commands are allowed to be executed according to scheduling requirements; when the energy storage system is in the restricted discharge range, the maximum allowable discharge power is reduced, the continuous discharge time is shortened, and the discharge termination state of charge is increased; when the energy storage system is in the protection range, deep discharge is prohibited, and the system is forced to switch to charging state when the state of charge is lower than the safe state of charge limit. S5. After each scheduling cycle, the battery life loss index, battery health status, and reserve power demand of the station's critical loads are updated on a rolling basis according to the changes in the operating status data of the deep underground station energy storage system; and the first protection threshold, second protection threshold, maximum allowable discharge depth, maximum allowable discharge power, and discharge termination state of charge are dynamically adjusted according to the updated battery life loss index, battery health status, and reserve power demand of the station's critical loads.

2. The energy storage layered protection and scheduling method for a deeply buried underground railway station according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, when the battery life loss index is lower than the first protection threshold, the allowable operating range of the energy storage system is divided into a priority discharge range; when the battery life loss index is greater than or equal to the first protection threshold and lower than the second protection threshold, the allowable operating range of the energy storage system is divided into a restricted discharge range. When the battery life loss index is greater than or equal to the second protection threshold, the allowable operating range of the energy storage system is divided into the protection range.

3. The energy storage layered protection and scheduling method for a deeply buried underground railway station according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first protection threshold and the second protection threshold are determined based on the statistical distribution of the historical battery life loss index of the energy storage system. The first protection threshold is taken as the 60th percentile of the historical distribution of the battery life loss index, and the second protection threshold is taken as the 85th percentile of the historical distribution of the battery life loss index.

4. The energy storage layered protection and scheduling method for a deeply buried underground railway station according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the battery health status is lower than the preset health threshold, or when the reserve power demand of the station's critical load increases, the first protection threshold and the second protection threshold are reduced.

5. The energy storage layered protection and scheduling method for a deeply buried underground railway station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery life loss index is calculated using the following formula: in, BLDI This indicates the battery life degradation index, and DOD represents the current depth of discharge. DOD ref Indicates the reference depth of discharge. Ncycle To accumulate the number of loops, N ref For reference, the number of loops, T bat This is the current battery temperature. T opt This is the optimal operating temperature for the battery. T range For the allowable temperature deviation range, ΔP is the change in charging and discharging power within adjacent scheduling cycles; P rated The rated power of the energy storage system; SOH represents the battery's state of health. a, b, c, d, e For preset weighting coefficients, k This is the depth of discharge index coefficient.

6. The energy storage layered protection and scheduling method for a deeply buried underground railway station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reserve power for critical loads at the station is used to ensure the continuous power supply needs of ventilation, lighting, communication, emergency evacuation, and safety monitoring loads in the deeply buried underground station.

7. The energy storage layered protection and scheduling method for a deeply buried underground railway station according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, when the energy storage system is in the protection zone, the energy storage system is prohibited from executing discharge commands that would cause the state of charge to fall below the safe state of charge limit, and priority is given to executing the replenishment or charging control strategy.

8. A layered protection and dispatching system for energy storage in a deeply buried underground railway station, characterized in that, include: The operation status data acquisition module is used to collect the operation status data of the deep underground station energy storage system in real time. The operation status data includes at least the energy storage system's state of charge, current discharge depth, cumulative cycle count, battery temperature, change in charging and discharging power in adjacent scheduling cycles, battery health status, and the reserve power demand of the station's critical loads. The battery life loss index calculation module is used to calculate the battery life loss index based on the operating status data. The battery life loss index is used to characterize the device-level equivalent life loss of the energy storage battery under the combined effects of deep discharge, frequent cycling, temperature deviation, power fluctuation and health state decay. The energy storage system allows operating range division module is used to determine the first protection threshold and the second protection threshold based on the battery life loss index, battery health status and the reserve power demand of the station's critical load, and divide the allowable operating range of the energy storage system into a priority discharge range, a restricted discharge range and a protection range, wherein the second protection threshold is higher than the first protection threshold. The energy storage charging and discharging control strategy formulation module is used to generate an energy storage charging and discharging control strategy based on the allowable operating range of the energy storage system: when the energy storage system is in the priority discharge range, the discharge command is allowed to be executed according to the scheduling requirements; when the energy storage system is in the restricted discharge range, the maximum allowable discharge power is reduced, the continuous discharge time is shortened, and the discharge termination state of charge is increased; when the energy storage system is in the protection range, deep discharge is prohibited, and the system is forced to switch to the charging state when the state of charge is lower than the safe state of charge limit. The operation status data update module is used to continuously update the battery life loss index, battery health status, and reserve power demand of the station's critical loads based on the changes in the operation status data of the deep underground station energy storage system after each scheduling cycle. It also dynamically adjusts the first protection threshold, second protection threshold, maximum allowable discharge depth, maximum allowable discharge power, and discharge termination state of charge based on the updated battery life loss index, battery health status, and reserve power demand of the station's critical loads.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores computer instructions executable by the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes computer instructions, it performs the energy storage hierarchical protection and scheduling method for a deeply buried underground station as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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