A system and method for monitoring the consumption of power by a new energy photovoltaic power generation power load client

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a system and method for monitoring power consumption of a new energy photovoltaic power generation power supply load client, which is suitable for three types of consumption scenarios, namely, photovoltaic full net metering, self-generation and self-use with surplus electricity net metering, and off-grid self-generation and self-use, and comprises a photovoltaic power generation unit, a photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet, a low-voltage bus, a consumption user load branch, a multifunctional independent metering electric meter, an edge collection and processing unit, and a remote monitoring platform; the photovoltaic power generation unit is connected to the low-voltage bus through the photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet, and the low-voltage bus is connected to each consumption user load branch in a branched manner; each consumption user load branch is independently configured with a multifunctional independent metering electric meter with a national legal metering qualification, and relies on a built-in homologous signal physical isolation collection module to adopt a mutual inductor differential + optical coupling hardware isolation architecture; the signals on the power generation side of the photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet and the load side of each branch are independently sampled in a channel, and the source and load current flow crosstalk is isolated at the hardware level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, specifically relating to a system and method for monitoring the electricity consumption of new energy photovoltaic power generation load clients. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, distributed photovoltaic (PV) power generation projects generally adopt three types of grid connection operation modes: full grid connection, self-consumption with surplus power fed to the grid, and off-grid self-consumption without grid connection. Among these, self-consumption and surplus power fed to the grid are the mainstream modes in industrial and commercial parks with multiple user loads. Existing metering schemes uniformly adopt a single-gate master meter reverse metering architecture: only one master meter is installed at the outgoing gate of the PV grid-connected cabinet. By collecting the total power generation of the PV power generation unit and the reverse grid connection power at the grid gateway, the total self-consumption power of the PV power generation of all users in the park is indirectly calculated by mathematical subtraction. The metering logic formula is: Total self-consumption power of the whole station = Total PV power generation - Surplus power fed to the grid at the gate; Traditional solutions rely solely on the main meter at the gateway to calculate the overall power consumption of the park. They fail to install independent metering equipment with legally mandated metering qualifications at the incoming end of each branch of the load, making it impossible to collect and calculate the dedicated photovoltaic power consumption of each branch in real time. Project operators can only allocate the total power consumption based on fixed proportions such as user installed capacity, building area, and equipment power. This allocation method is based on manual estimation and is severely out of sync with the actual time-of-use load of each user.

[0003] There are significant differences in peak and off-peak electricity consumption periods among users on different branches: during the day, high-load enterprises consume a large amount of photovoltaic power, while at night, production enterprises consume almost no photovoltaic power. The fixed-ratio allocation model will result in a mismatch problem where "high-consumption users pay less and low-consumption users pay more." Consumption users generally question the allocated electricity, and there are frequent cases of electricity bill refusal and disputes between supply and demand sides, which seriously hinders the implementation of the distributed photovoltaic market-based energy performance contracting model. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a system and method for monitoring the electricity consumption of new energy photovoltaic power generation load clients. This aims to solve the problem that high-load enterprises consume a large amount of photovoltaic power during the day, while production enterprises consume almost no photovoltaic power at night. The fixed-ratio allocation model results in a mismatch problem where "high-consumption users pay less and low-consumption users pay more." As a result, users who consume photovoltaic power often question the allocated electricity, leading to frequent electricity bill refusals and disputes between supply and demand sides, which seriously hinders the implementation of the distributed photovoltaic market-based energy performance contracting model.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a system for monitoring the electricity consumption of new energy photovoltaic power generation load clients, applicable to three types of consumption scenarios: full grid connection of photovoltaic power, self-consumption with surplus electricity fed to the grid, and off-grid self-consumption. The system includes a photovoltaic power generation unit, a photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet, a low-voltage busbar, a load branch for consuming users, a multi-functional independent metering electricity meter, an edge acquisition and processing unit, and a remote monitoring platform. The photovoltaic power generation unit is connected to the low-voltage busbar via a photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet, and the low-voltage busbar is branched to each load branch of the user. Each multi-functional independent metering electricity meter is installed independently at the incoming end of each branch line that consumes user load. The multi-functional independent metering electricity meter has the national mandatory metering instrument qualification and integrates a physical isolation acquisition module for the same source signal, a real-time metering module for multiple parameters, a fault full-quantity traceability storage module, and a two-way communication upload module. The same source signal physical isolation acquisition module is used to synchronously acquire the original electrical signals of voltage, current, active power, reactive power and power factor of photovoltaic transmission side and customer load side, and to perform hardware electrical isolation on the mixed cross electrical signals of generation side and power consumption side. The edge acquisition and processing unit has a built-in power consumption differentiation and analysis algorithm. It establishes data interaction with all multi-functional independent metering electricity meters through a two-way communication upload module. It receives multiple original electrical data after being isolated by the same source signal physical isolation acquisition module. It adopts "physical acquisition + differentiation algorithm" coupled operation and coupled operation logic to split the photovoltaic household self-consumption power, grid-purchased power, and surplus power fed into the grid into three independent power data. It then sends the original metering data of power consumption by user and time period to the local solid storage of the corresponding multi-functional independent metering electricity meter. The fault full-volume tracing and storage module is used to capture and record in real time, abnormal events such as voltage loss, phase loss, power sudden change, abnormal power factor, and abnormal metering of harmonic distortion sudden change, and synchronously store complete tracing evidence such as fault start and end time, fault electrical difference, and corresponding user load branch number. The remote monitoring platform and the edge acquisition and processing unit establish a standard communication link for the power system, which receives, summarizes and visualizes the photovoltaic power consumption and fault tracing data of each user in real time, serving as evidence for electricity bill settlement between the power generator and the user, and as the basis for tracing and determining the source of metering disputes.

[0006] As a system for monitoring the power consumption of a new energy photovoltaic power generation load client according to the present invention, preferably, the physical isolation acquisition module of the same source signal adopts an independent transformer differential sampling + optocoupler electrical isolation architecture. The total electrical signal of the photovoltaic grid connection point and the load signal of each load branch of the user are sampled independently in separate channels. The electrical isolation withstand voltage between each sampling channel is ≥2kV, eliminating the metering deviation caused by the crosstalk of the source-load mixed power flow signal.

[0007] As a system for monitoring the power consumption of a new energy photovoltaic power generation load client according to the present invention, preferably, the power consumption differentiation and analysis algorithm execution logic built into the edge acquisition and processing unit includes the following steps: Step S1: Simultaneously acquire the total power generation time-series curve of the photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet and the load active time-series curve of a single user load branch at the millisecond level; Step S2: Using the instantaneous active power output of the photovoltaic power generation unit as the positive benchmark threshold, compare the active power of the branch load time-by-time: when the active power of the branch load is less than or equal to the instantaneous active power output of the photovoltaic power generation unit, the entire branch load during that time period is determined to be the photovoltaic self-consumption power; when the active power of the branch load is greater than the instantaneous active power output of the photovoltaic power generation unit, the difference is determined to be the power purchased from the grid; the remaining power after deducting the total self-consumption of all branches from the total power generation of the photovoltaic power generation unit is determined to be the surplus power fed into the grid. Step S3: Accumulate the dedicated photovoltaic power consumption of each user load branch by day / month / year, and generate a tamper-proof sub-metering certificate with timestamp, branch number, and no alteration. The fault full-volume traceability storage module adopts a local non-volatile storage partition isolation design. The sub-metering power consumption data and fault event data are stored independently in partitions, and fault records are retained for at least 18 months. Each fault record is synchronously bound to a snapshot of the power consumption during the fault period, which serves as the original objective evidence for electricity bill disputes.

[0008] As a system for monitoring the electricity consumption of a new energy photovoltaic power generation load client according to the present invention, preferably, the multi-functional independent metering electricity meter has obtained the national metrological instrument type approval certificate and mandatory verification authorization; the bidirectional communication upload module is compatible with DL / T645 and MQTT power Internet of Things dual communication protocols, and supports local offline caching of edge acquisition and processing units and network breakpoint resume transmission of household consumption metering data.

[0009] A method for monitoring the electricity consumption of new energy photovoltaic power generation load clients, implemented based on any of the monitoring systems described in the above technical solutions, includes the following steps: Step 1: Hardware deployment for individual branch metering: Install a multi-functional independent metering electricity meter with legal metering qualifications at the low-voltage incoming line of each branch of the user load. Collect the original electrical data of the photovoltaic power generation unit's total power generation side and the load side of each branch of the user load through the physical isolation acquisition module of the built-in multi-functional independent metering electricity meter. Step 2: Source-load mixed signal isolation acquisition: The physical isolation acquisition module of the same source signal performs hardware isolation differential sampling on the two same source cross electrical signals of power flow sent out by the photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet and power flow of each user load branch, and outputs multi-channel synchronous voltage, current and power timing data without crosstalk; Step 3: "Physical acquisition + algorithm coupling" household consumption power differentiation and analysis: The edge acquisition and processing unit calls the built-in consumption differentiation and analysis algorithm to match the instantaneous power generation of the photovoltaic power generation unit with the instantaneous load power consumption of a single consumption user load branch every millisecond. It accurately splits the self-generated consumption power of a single user's photovoltaic power, the power purchased from the grid, and the surplus power fed into the grid by the whole station in different time periods, and distributes and solidifies the household consumption power to the local storage of the corresponding multi-functional independent metering electricity meter; Step 4: Real-time capture and full traceability of metering faults: The multi-functional independent metering electricity meter relies on the fault full traceability storage module (53) to monitor voltage, current, power and harmonic operation indicators in real time; After identifying metering anomalies, the fault type, start and end time, power difference during the fault period, and corresponding user load branch number are recorded synchronously, and a fault source tracing snapshot is permanently stored locally. Step 5: Real-time monitoring and dispute settlement evidence collection on the platform: The edge acquisition and processing unit uploads the electricity consumption of each household and the fault tracing certificate to the remote monitoring platform in real time via the two-way communication upload module; The remote monitoring platform provides a visual display of photovoltaic consumption details for each client. Power generators, users, and the power grid can access the locally stored original metering data from multi-functional independent metering meters, which serves as an objective and legal basis for electricity bill settlement and the determination of metering disputes.

[0010] As a system and method for monitoring the electricity consumption of new energy photovoltaic power generation load clients according to the present invention, preferably, step 3 involves differentiated calculations for three types of photovoltaic consumption modes: Scenario A: Full grid connection mode: All power generated by the photovoltaic power generation unit is included in the grid-connected power, and the power consumption of each user load branch is determined to be purchased power from the grid. Scenario B: Self-consumption and surplus power grid connection mode: The photovoltaic power consumption of a single user load branch is split according to the time sequence. The remaining power after deducting all the self-consumption power of the photovoltaic power generation unit is used as the surplus power grid connection settlement. Scenario C: Off-grid self-consumption mode: There is no power interaction with the grid side. The total power generation of the photovoltaic power generation unit is allocated according to the real-time load ratio of each user's load branch, and is used as the exclusive power consumption of each user.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system and method for monitoring the electricity consumption of a new energy photovoltaic power generation load client includes a metering dispute resolution step: when a user has a dispute over the electricity consumption of a single household, the remote monitoring platform retrieves the isolated original electrical timing data, fault tracing snapshots, and time-segmented household electricity consumption snapshots stored locally on the corresponding user's load branch's multi-functional independent metering electricity meter, fully restoring the entire process of matching the photovoltaic power generation unit's power generation timing with the user's load timing, generating an objective metering certificate with legal metering validity, and eliminating disputes over electricity consumption between the generation end and the consumption end.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention configures each branch of the photovoltaic load-absorbing user independently with a multi-functional independent metering electricity meter with national legal metrological qualifications. Relying on the built-in physical isolation acquisition module for the same source signal, it adopts a hardware isolation architecture of transformer differential + optocoupler. The signals on the photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet generation side and the load side of each branch are sampled independently through separate channels, isolating source-load power flow crosstalk at the hardware level. In addition, with the millisecond-level timing matching and differentiation algorithm of the edge acquisition and processing unit, it can directly and accurately separate the photovoltaic self-consumption power, the power purchased from the grid, and the surplus power fed into the grid for a single user, without relying on the global total amount to back-calculate. This invention features a multi-functional independent electricity meter with a built-in fault full-source tracing and storage module. It employs partitioned non-volatile storage to synchronously retain original voltage / current / power time-series snapshots, fault types such as undervoltage / phase loss / harmonic distortion, fault start and end times, and corresponding user load branch numbers output by the isolated acquisition module. Fault records are retained for at least 18 months. Data is synchronized to a remote monitoring platform via a two-way communication upload module, ensuring that local storage is not lost and data is tamper-proof during network outages. This invention relies on a standardized hardware link consisting of photovoltaic power generation units, photovoltaic grid-connected cabinets, low-voltage busbars, and individual multi-functional independent metering electricity meters. Combined with edge acquisition and processing units that incorporate differentiated scenario-based computational logic, it can adapt to three types of power consumption modes simply by switching algorithm parameters: When all photovoltaic power is fed into the grid, all user load is recorded as grid-purchased electricity; for self-consumption with surplus power fed into the grid, the individual household consumption and surplus power are split according to time sequence; and in off-grid operation, there is no grid interaction, and photovoltaic power consumption is allocated according to load ratio. Simultaneously, the bidirectional communication upload module is compatible with both DL / T645 and MQTT power protocols, enabling seamless connection to the power grid and third-party energy management platforms. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process structure of the present invention.

[0014] In the diagram: 1. Photovoltaic power generation unit; 2. Photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet; 3. Low-voltage busbar; 4. Multiple sets of user load absorption branches; 5. Multifunctional independent metering electricity meter; 51. Physical isolation acquisition module for co-source signals; 52. Multi-parameter real-time metering module; 53. Fault full-volume tracing and storage module; 54. Two-way communication upload module; 6. Edge acquisition and processing unit; 7. Remote monitoring platform. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides the following technical solution: a system for monitoring the electricity consumption of new energy photovoltaic power generation load clients, applicable to three types of consumption scenarios: full grid connection of photovoltaic power generation, self-consumption with surplus electricity grid connection, and off-grid self-consumption. The system includes a photovoltaic power generation unit 1, a photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet 2, a low-voltage busbar 3, a user load branch 4, a multi-functional independent metering electricity meter 5, an edge acquisition and processing unit 6, and a remote monitoring platform 7. Photovoltaic power generation unit 1 is connected to low-voltage bus 3 via photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet 2. Low-voltage bus 3 is branched to each user load branch 4. Each multi-functional independent metering electricity meter 5 is installed independently at the inlet of each branch line 4 that consumes user load. The multi-functional independent metering electricity meter 5 has the national mandatory metering instrument qualification and integrates a physical isolation acquisition module 51 for the same source signal, a real-time metering module for multiple parameters 52, a full fault traceability storage module 53, and a two-way communication upload module 54. The same source signal physical isolation acquisition module 51 is used to synchronously acquire the original electrical signals of voltage, current, active power, reactive power and power factor of photovoltaic transmission side and customer load side, and to perform hardware electrical isolation on the mixed cross electrical signals of generation side and power consumption side. The edge acquisition and processing unit 6 has a built-in power consumption differentiation and analysis algorithm. It establishes data interaction with all multi-functional independent metering electricity meters (5) through the bidirectional communication upload module (54). It receives multiple original electrical data after isolation by the same source signal physical isolation acquisition module (51). It adopts "physical acquisition + differentiation algorithm" coupling operation and coupling operation logic to split the photovoltaic household self-consumption power, grid purchased power, and surplus power grid-connected power into three categories of independent power data. It also sends the original metering data of power consumption by user and time period to the corresponding multi-functional independent metering electricity meter (5) for local solid storage. The fault full-volume traceability storage module 53 is used to capture and record in real time and locally anomaly events such as voltage loss, phase loss, power sudden change, power factor abnormality, and harmonic distortion sudden change in metering. It also synchronously stores the fault start and end time, fault electrical difference, and complete traceability certificate of the corresponding user load branch number 4. The remote monitoring platform 7 and the edge acquisition and processing unit 6 establish a standard communication link for the power system, and receive, summarize and visualize the photovoltaic power consumption and fault tracing data of each user in real time, which can be used as evidence for electricity bill settlement between the power generation party and the user, and as the basis for tracing and judging disputes over power consumption metering.

[0017] Preferred: The same source signal physical isolation acquisition module 51 adopts an independent transformer differential sampling + optocoupler electrical isolation architecture. The total electrical signal of the photovoltaic grid connection point and the load signal of each user load branch 4 are sampled independently in separate channels. The electrical isolation withstand voltage between each sampling channel is ≥2kV, eliminating the metering deviation caused by the crosstalk of the source and load mixed power flow signals.

[0018] In practical use, the module hardware acquisition and basic electrical parameter calculation formulas are as follows: Formula for collecting instantaneous active power of a branch: ; In the formula ——No. Branch line (4) for absorbing user load Instantaneous active power at a millisecond: kW; —Instantaneous voltage of branch isolation sampling: V; —Instantaneous current of branch isolation sampling: A; — Real-time power factor of the branch circuit.

[0019] Formula for instantaneous active power generation on the total photovoltaic side: ; In the formula: —Photovoltaic power generation unit 1 in Total active power output at milliseconds: kW; , , The total side voltage, current, and power factor are collected for the photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet 2 in isolation.

[0020] Formula for determining crosstalk suppression in isolated sampling channels: ; In the isolated naked sampling method: —Signal crosstalk error rate; Isolation —Active power of the branch after optocoupler isolation; Bare sampling —Active power of the branch directly sampled without isolation; Hardware architecture guarantee <0.2%, eliminating mixed power flow measurement distortion at the hardware level.

[0021] Implementation process: The same source signal physical isolation acquisition module 51 arranges independent current / voltage transformers on the main outgoing line of photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet 2 and the incoming line of each user load branch 4. The output end of the transformer is connected in series with a 2kV withstand voltage optocoupler isolation chip, and the multi-parameter real-time metering module 52 synchronously outputs millisecond-level time-series electrical parameters through channels. The isolation effect is verified in real time by the above crosstalk judgment formula. Once the crosstalk error rate exceeds the limit, an alarm is immediately uploaded to the edge acquisition and processing unit 6 to ensure that the original data is free from cross interference and to provide hardware support for accurate metering of individual households. Preferred: The execution logic of the power consumption differentiation and analysis algorithm built into the edge acquisition and processing unit 6 includes the following steps: Step S1: Simultaneously acquire the total power generation time-series curve of photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet 2 and the load active time-series curve of a single user load branch 4 at millisecond level; Step S2: Using the instantaneous active power output of photovoltaic power generation unit 1 as the positive benchmark threshold, compare the active power of the branch load time sequence: when the active power of the branch load is less than or equal to the instantaneous active power output of photovoltaic power, the entire branch load during that time period is determined to be the photovoltaic self-consumption power; when the active power of the branch load is greater than the instantaneous active power output of photovoltaic power, the difference is determined to be the power purchased from the grid; the remaining power after deducting the total self-consumption of all branches from the total power generation of photovoltaic power generation unit 1 is determined to be the surplus power fed into the grid. Step S3: Accumulate the dedicated photovoltaic power consumption of each user load branch 4 by day / month / year period, and generate a household metering certificate with timestamp, branch number and tamper-proof.

[0022] In practical use, the formula for calculating the total energy consumption throughout the entire process is as follows: (1) Formula for self-consumption power of individual photovoltaic power in a single millisecond time period ; In the formula ——No. branch road Real-time photovoltaic self-consumption active power: kW; This is a function that takes the minimum value.

[0023] (2) Formula for purchased power of household power grid in a single millisecond time period ; In the formula: ——No. branch road Active power purchased from the grid at any time: kW; This is a function that takes the maximum value; if the result is less than 0, it is set to 0.

[0024] (3) Formula for the remaining Internet power of the entire site in one millisecond ; In the formula: —— Real-time surplus power available for grid connection: kW; This refers to the total number of user load-absorbing branch lines 4 under low-voltage busbar 3.

[0025] (4) Integral formula for household photovoltaic power consumption during the statistical period (duration T, unit h) ; Discretization and accumulation implementation in engineering (millisecond step) =0.001 / 3600 h): ; Unit: kWh, representing the number of... Dedicated photovoltaic power consumption during the branch circuit cycle.

[0026] (5) Electricity purchased by individual households in the power grid during the statistical period ; (6) Total surplus electricity fed into the grid during the statistical period ; (7) Verification formula for total photovoltaic power generation during the statistical period (data closed-loop verification to prevent calculation anomalies) ; Implementation process: The edge acquisition and processing unit 6 synchronously receives data from all the isolated multi-functional independent metering electricity meters 5 every 1ms. , The parameters are substituted into the power formula above to distinguish the instantaneous power consumption / purchase of each branch; the periodic household power consumption is obtained by accumulating and integrating with an off-step length of 1ms; the calculation results are verified by the closed-loop verification formula of the total photovoltaic power generation. If the equation error is >0.1kWh, the data for that period is marked as abnormal and simultaneously stored in the fault full-volume traceability storage module 53; finally, the household power consumption is calculated. , The data is stored locally in the corresponding branch of the multi-functional independent metering electricity meter 53, which is non-volatile. Preferred: The fault full-source traceability storage module 53 adopts a local non-volatile storage partition isolation design, with household metering power data and fault event data stored independently in partitions, and fault records are retained for at least 18 months; a single fault record is synchronously bound to a snapshot of the power consumption during the fault occurrence period, serving as the original evidence for objective proof in electricity bill disputes.

[0027] In practical application, the formula for calculating the error power during the fault period is as follows: Theoretical standard power consumption during the fault period: reference value without fault ; In the formula: ——No. The average electricity consumption per household during the same season and normal load cycle of the branch line; This represents the number of normal statistical periods in history.

[0028] Actual electricity consumption during the fault period

[0029] , This is the timestamp in milliseconds representing the start and end times of the fault.

[0030] Fault power difference ; In the formula: Under- or over-metered electricity consumption for faults: kWh; positive values ​​represent over-metered consumption, negative values ​​represent under-metered consumption. Implementation process: The fault full-data tracing and storage module 53 monitors voltage, current, power, and harmonic indicators in real time. After identifying faults such as voltage loss, phase loss, sudden power fluctuations, and harmonic distortion, it automatically captures the fault start and end timestamps. , Retrieve all original electrical timing data for the fault period and substitute them into the above formula to calculate the fault difference. ; Branch number Fault type + start and end timestamps + original U / I / P timing snapshot + + + The data is packaged into an unalterable fault evidence data package and stored in an independent partition; the storage period is at least 18 months. When resolving disputes, the complete set of traceability parameters can be exported to generate evidence of electricity difference with legal metering effect. Preferred features: The multi-functional independent metering electricity meter 5 has obtained the national metrological instrument type approval certificate and mandatory verification authorization; the two-way communication upload module 54 is compatible with DL / T645 and MQTT power Internet of Things dual communication protocols, and supports local offline caching and network breakpoint resume transmission of household consumption metering data by the edge acquisition and processing unit 6.

[0031] In practical use, the offline cache breakpoint resume transmission process is as follows: When the communication between the edge acquisition and processing unit 6 and the remote monitoring platform 7 is interrupted, the bidirectional communication upload module 54 caches the household electricity consumption and fault certificate data to the local storage area of ​​the multi-functional independent metering electricity meter 5; after the communication is restored, all cached data packets are resumed in ascending order according to the timestamp, and a local backup is retained after the upload is completed without deletion; the DL / T645 protocol is connected to the power grid master station, and the MQTT protocol is connected to the third-party energy contract management platform, so one set of hardware can simultaneously adapt to the data interaction needs of power grid supervision and market-based transactions. A method for monitoring the electricity consumption of new energy photovoltaic power generation load clients, implemented based on any of the monitoring systems in the above technical solutions, includes the following steps: Step 1: Hardware deployment for individual branch metering: Install a multi-functional independent metering electricity meter 5 with legal metering qualifications at the low-voltage incoming line of each user load branch 4. Collect the original electrical data of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 and each user load branch 4 load side through the physical isolation acquisition module 51 of the same source signal built into the multi-functional independent metering electricity meter 5 in separate channels. Step 2: Source-load mixed signal isolation acquisition: The physical isolation acquisition module 51 performs hardware isolation differential sampling on the two sources of cross electrical signals of the power flow sent out by the photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet 2 and the power flow of each user load branch 4, and outputs multi-channel synchronous voltage, current and power timing data without crosstalk; Step 3: "Physical acquisition + algorithm coupling" household consumption power differentiation and analysis: The edge acquisition and processing unit 6 calls the built-in consumption differentiation and analysis algorithm to match the instantaneous power generation of photovoltaic power generation unit 1 with the instantaneous load power consumption of a single consumption user load branch 4 in millisecond time sequence. It accurately splits the self-generated consumption power of photovoltaic power generation of a single user, the power purchased by the grid, and the surplus power fed into the grid of the whole station in time period, and distributes and solidifies the household consumption power to the corresponding multi-functional independent metering electricity meter 5 for local storage. Step 4: Real-time capture and full traceability of metering faults: The multi-functional independent metering electricity meter 5 relies on the full traceability and storage module 53 to monitor voltage, current, power, and harmonic operation indicators in real time. After identifying metering anomalies, the fault type, start and end time, power difference during the fault period, and corresponding user load branch number 4 are recorded synchronously, and a fault source tracing snapshot is permanently stored locally. Step 5: Real-time monitoring and dispute settlement evidence collection on the platform: The edge acquisition and processing unit 6 uploads the individual household power consumption and fault tracing certificates to the remote monitoring platform 7 in real time via the two-way communication upload module 54; The remote monitoring platform 7 provides a visual display of photovoltaic consumption details for each client. Power generators, users, and the power grid can access the locally fixed original metering data from the multi-functional independent metering meter 5, which serves as an objective and legal basis for electricity bill settlement and the determination of metering disputes.

[0032] In practical use, the method relies on the system collection formula, household electricity integration formula, and fault difference calculation formula mentioned above to complete the quantitative calculation. Hardware isolation sampling eliminates crosstalk errors, algorithm timing matching accurately divides households, and the fault module retains a complete set of traceability parameters. The three core technologies are superimposed to achieve accurate metering of households, complete dispute evidence collection, and universal adaptation for all scenarios. Preferred: Step 3 performs differentiated calculations for the three types of photovoltaic grid integration modes: Scenario A: Full grid connection mode: All power generated by photovoltaic power generation unit 1 is counted as grid-connected power, and all power consumption of each user load branch 4 is determined as power purchased from the grid. Supporting operational constraint formulas: ; Scenario B: Self-consumption and surplus power grid connection mode: The photovoltaic power consumption of a single user load branch 4 is split according to the time sequence. The remaining power after deducting all the self-consumption power of the households from the total power generation of photovoltaic power generation unit 1 is used as the surplus power grid connection settlement. Supporting operational constraint formulas: Fully enable the above. , , The full household points formula satisfies Closed-loop verification; Scenario C: Off-grid self-consumption mode: There is no power interaction with the grid side. All the power generated by photovoltaic power generation unit 1 is allocated according to the real-time load ratio of each user's load branch 4, and is used as the exclusive power consumption of each user.

[0033] The formula for calculating the load distribution ratio is as follows: ; ; In the formula: for Time of the first Branch load as a percentage of total load; Off-grid mode Power purchased without grid connection .

[0034] In practical use, the remote monitoring platform 7 sends a scene switching command to the edge acquisition and processing unit 6. The unit automatically switches to the corresponding scene constraint formula. It can adapt to three types of engineering scenarios—full internet access, self-generated and self-consumed surplus power internet access, and off-grid—without changing hardware equipment, which greatly reduces the transformation and procurement costs of multi-scenario projects. Preferred: It also includes a metering dispute resolution step: When a user has a dispute about the electricity consumption of a single household, the remote monitoring platform 7 retrieves the isolated collection of original electrical timing data, fault source snapshots, and time-segmented household electricity consumption snapshots stored locally on the corresponding user's load branch 4 and the multi-functional independent metering electricity meter 5, so as to completely restore the entire process of matching the power generation timing of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 with the user's load timing, generate an objective metering certificate with legal metering effect, and eliminate the dispute between the power generation end and the consumption end over electricity consumption.

[0035] In practical application, the complete operational logic for dispute evidence collection is as follows: Retrieve all original data from the disputed period , Millisecond time series data; Reproduce the household consumption points formula and recalculate the disputed period. ; Retrieve fault evidence data package, retrieve Fault difference, fault timestamp; The platform automatically generates a PDF evidence report with branch number, timestamp, formula calculation process, and original sampling curve. The report embeds the calibration number of the measuring instrument, which has the legal effect of electricity transaction settlement. There is no need for manual on-site verification and data reproduction, which greatly shortens the dispute resolution cycle. The working principle of this invention in specific use: This system operates in a complete four-layer chain: hardware isolation acquisition layer, edge algorithm measurement layer, local fault storage layer, and remote platform application layer. All quantitative calculations are implemented based on the reproducible mathematical formulas mentioned above. The complete workflow is as follows: Hardware isolation acquisition layer: The output power of photovoltaic power generation unit 1 is fed into the low-voltage bus 3 via photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet 2, and then distributed to each user load branch 4; the same source signal physical isolation acquisition module 51 in the multi-functional independent metering electricity meter 5 of each branch adopts the transformer differential +2kV optocoupler isolation architecture, and synchronously acquires millisecond-level parameters of the photovoltaic total side and the branch load side through different channels, and substitutes them into the instantaneous active power formula to obtain crosstalk-free data. , Time-series curves eliminate cross-branch crosstalk measurement errors in traditional single-master meter calculations; Edge Algorithm Metering Layer: Edge acquisition and processing unit 6 receives all isolated power time-series data, switches the constraint formulas corresponding to the three scenarios according to the project operation mode, substitutes the power formulas for household self-consumption, grid purchase, and surplus power grid connection every millisecond, and accumulates them through discrete integral formula to obtain the daily / monthly / yearly household consumption power. At the same time, it enables the closed-loop verification formula for total photovoltaic power generation to prevent abnormal algorithm calculation logic; the household power data is sent to the corresponding multi-functional independent metering energy meter 5 for local solidification. Local fault evidence storage layer: The fault full-source traceability storage module 53 monitors electrical indicators in real time, identifies metering faults, captures the fault start and end timestamps, and substitutes them into the fault difference calculation formula to obtain the error electricity. The original sampling time sequence, fault type, power snapshot, and difference parameters are packaged and stored in an independent partition for a period of no less than 18 months, forming an immutable and complete metering evidence chain. Remote platform application layer: The two-way communication upload module 54 is compatible with dual power protocols, and transmits individual household electricity consumption and fault evidence data to the remote monitoring platform 7 in real time / with breakpoint continuation; the platform visualizes the individual household consumption details, and electricity bill settlement directly retrieves the legal meter data for each household; in the event of an electricity dispute, the platform can retrieve the complete set of local evidence data with one click, reproduce the entire metering calculation formula process, automatically generate a legal evidence report, and quickly resolve disputes between the power generator and the user.

[0036] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for monitoring the electricity consumption of new energy photovoltaic power generation load clients, characterized in that, It is applicable to three types of photovoltaic power generation scenarios: full grid connection, self-consumption with surplus power grid connection, and off-grid self-consumption. It includes a photovoltaic power generation unit (1), a photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet (2), a low-voltage busbar (3), a user load branch (4), a multi-functional independent metering electricity meter (5), an edge acquisition and processing unit (6), and a remote monitoring platform (7). The photovoltaic power generation unit (1) is connected to the low-voltage bus (3) via the photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet (2), and the low-voltage bus (3) is branched to each load-consuming user branch (4). The multi-functional independent metering electricity meter (5) is installed one-to-one with each incoming line of each user load branch (4). The multi-functional independent metering electricity meter (5) has the national mandatory metering instrument qualification and integrates a physical isolation acquisition module (51) for the same source signal, a real-time metering module for multiple parameters (52), a fault full-quantity traceability storage module (53) and a two-way communication upload module (54). The same source signal physical isolation acquisition module (51) is used to synchronously acquire the original electrical signals of voltage, current, active power, reactive power and power factor of photovoltaic transmission side and customer load side, and to perform hardware electrical isolation on the mixed cross electrical signals of generation side and power consumption side. The edge acquisition and processing unit (6) has a built-in power consumption differentiation and analysis algorithm. It establishes data interaction with all multi-functional independent metering electricity meters (5) through the bidirectional communication upload module (54). It receives multiple original electrical data after isolation by the same source signal physical isolation acquisition module (51). It adopts "physical acquisition + differentiation algorithm" coupling operation and coupling operation logic to split the photovoltaic household self-consumption power, grid purchased power, and surplus power grid-connected power into three categories of independent power data. It also sends the original metering data of power consumption by user and time period to the corresponding multi-functional independent metering electricity meter (5) for local solid storage. The fault full-volume traceability storage module (53) is used to capture and record in real time the metering abnormal events of voltage loss, phase loss, power change, power factor abnormality, and harmonic distortion change, and synchronously store the fault start and end time, fault electrical difference, and the complete traceability certificate of the corresponding user load branch (4) number. The remote monitoring platform (7) and the edge acquisition and processing unit (6) establish a standard communication link for the power system, and receive, summarize and visualize the photovoltaic power consumption and fault tracing data of each user in real time, which can be used as evidence for the settlement of electricity fees between the power generation party and the user, and as the basis for tracing and judging disputes over power consumption metering.

2. The system for monitoring the electricity consumption of new energy photovoltaic power generation load clients according to claim 1, characterized in that: The same source signal physical isolation acquisition module (51) adopts an independent transformer differential sampling + optocoupler electrical isolation architecture. The total electrical signal of the photovoltaic grid connection point and the load signal of each user load branch (4) are sampled independently in separate channels. The electrical isolation withstand voltage between each sampling channel is ≥2kV, eliminating the metering deviation caused by the crosstalk of the source-load mixed power flow signal.

3. The system for monitoring the electricity consumption of new energy photovoltaic power generation load clients according to claim 1, characterized in that: The execution logic of the power consumption differentiation and analysis algorithm built into the edge acquisition and processing unit (6) includes the following steps: Step S1: Millisecond-level synchronous acquisition of photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet (2) outputs total power generation active time sequence curve and single user load branch (4) load active time sequence curve; Step S2: Using the instantaneous active power output of the photovoltaic power generation unit (1) as the positive benchmark threshold, compare the active power of the branch load time sequence: when the active power of the branch load is less than or equal to the instantaneous active power output of the photovoltaic power generation unit (1), the entire branch load during that time period is determined to be the photovoltaic self-consumption power; when the active power of the branch load is greater than the instantaneous active power output of the photovoltaic power generation unit (1), the difference is determined to be the power purchased from the grid; the remaining power after deducting the total self-consumption of all branches from the total power generation of the photovoltaic power generation unit (1) is determined to be the surplus power fed into the grid. Step S3: Accumulate the dedicated photovoltaic power consumption of each user load branch (4) by day / month / year period, and generate a household metering certificate with timestamp, branch number and tamper-proof.

4. The system for monitoring the electricity consumption of new energy photovoltaic power generation load clients according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault full-source tracing storage module (53) adopts a local non-volatile storage partition isolation design, with household metering power data and fault event data stored independently in partitions, and fault records are retained for at least 18 months; Each fault record is synchronously linked to a snapshot of the electricity consumption during the fault period, serving as original evidence for objective proof in electricity bill disputes.

5. The system for monitoring the electricity consumption of new energy photovoltaic power generation load clients according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-functional independent metering electricity meter (5) has obtained the national metrological instrument type approval certificate and mandatory verification authorization; the bidirectional communication upload module (54) is compatible with DL / T645 and MQTT power Internet of Things dual communication protocols, and supports the local offline caching and network breakpoint resume transmission of household consumption metering data of the edge acquisition and processing unit (6).

6. A method for monitoring the electricity consumption of new energy photovoltaic power generation load clients, characterized in that, The implementation of the monitoring system based on any one of claims 1–5 includes the following steps: Step 1: Hardware deployment for metering branch circuits: Install a multi-functional independent metering electricity meter (5) with legal metering qualifications at the low-voltage input end of each load-consuming branch circuit (4). Collect the original electrical data of the photovoltaic power generation unit (1) on the main power generation side and each load-consuming branch circuit (4) on the load side through the physical isolation acquisition module (51) of the same source signal built into the multi-functional independent metering electricity meter (5) in separate channels. Step 2: Source-load mixed signal isolation acquisition: The physical isolation acquisition module (51) performs hardware isolation differential sampling on the two sources of the same source cross electrical signals of the power flow sent out by the photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet (2) and the power flow of each user load branch (4), and outputs multi-channel synchronous voltage, current and power timing data without crosstalk; Step 3: "Physical acquisition + algorithm coupling" household consumption power differentiation and analysis: The edge acquisition processing unit (6) calls the built-in consumption differentiation and analysis algorithm to match the instantaneous power generation of the photovoltaic power generation unit (1) and the instantaneous load power consumption of a single consumption user load branch (4) in millisecond time sequence, and accurately splits the single user photovoltaic self-generation consumption power, grid purchase power, and the surplus power grid connection power of the whole station in time period, and distributes the household consumption power to the corresponding multi-functional independent metering electricity meter (5) for local storage; Step 4: Real-time capture and full traceability of metering faults: The multi-functional independent metering electricity meter (5) relies on the full traceability of faults storage module (53) to monitor voltage, current, power and harmonic operation indicators in real time; After identifying metering anomalies, the fault type, start and end time, power difference during the fault period, and corresponding load branch number of the user (4) are recorded synchronously, and a fault source tracing snapshot is permanently stored locally. Step 5: Real-time monitoring and dispute settlement evidence collection on the platform: The edge acquisition and processing unit (6) uploads the electricity consumption of each household and the fault tracing certificate to the remote monitoring platform (7) in real time through the two-way communication upload module (54); The remote monitoring platform (7) displays the photovoltaic consumption details of each client in a visual manner. The power generation party, the consumption user, and the power grid can access the original metering data of the multi-functional independent metering meter (5) locally, which serves as the objective legal basis for electricity bill settlement and determination of consumption metering disputes.

7. A method for monitoring the electricity consumption of a new energy photovoltaic power generation load client according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step 3 involves differentiated calculations for the three types of photovoltaic grid integration modes: Scenario A: Full grid connection mode: All power generation of photovoltaic power generation unit (1) is included in the grid connection power, and the power consumption of each load branch of each user (4) is determined to be the power purchased from outside the grid; Scenario B: Self-consumption and surplus power grid connection mode: According to the time sequence, the single user load branch is split (4) photovoltaic power consumption, and the photovoltaic power generation unit (1) total power generation minus the total self-consumption power of all households is used as surplus power grid connection settlement; Scenario C: Off-grid self-consumption mode: There is no power interaction on the grid side. The total power generation of the photovoltaic power generation unit (1) is allocated according to the real-time load ratio of each user's load branch (4) as the exclusive power consumption of each user.

8. A method for monitoring the electricity consumption of a new energy photovoltaic power generation load client according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes the metering dispute resolution steps: when a user has a dispute over the electricity consumption of a household, the remote monitoring platform (7) retrieves the original electrical timing data, fault source snapshot, and time-segmented household electricity consumption snapshot stored locally by the corresponding user load branch (4) and the multi-functional independent metering electricity meter (5), and fully restores the entire process of matching the photovoltaic power generation unit (1) power generation timing with the user load timing, generates an objective metering certificate with legal metering effect, and eliminates the dispute over electricity consumption between the power generation end and the consumption end.

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