A method and device for operation and maintenance management of a photovoltaic power station

Abstract

The present application relates to photovoltaic power generation operation and maintenance control technical field, especially in kind of photovoltaic power station's operation and maintenance management method and device thereof.The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the operation of photovoltaic equipment basic physical data;Based on the operation of basic physical data calculation characteristic curve distortion rate and abnormal temperature rise slope, generate equipment efficiency loss rate and the expected remaining life length;Build photovoltaic power station electrical topology matrix and locate the affected electrical correlation branch;Using equipment efficiency loss rate, the expected remaining life length and the preset expected light intensity data calculation two-dimensional power generation loss data, generate the optimal downtime maintenance time window.The present application through multi-dimensional physical characteristic evaluation hidden fault, meteorological topology collaborative optimization downtime window and transition period bottom electrical self-adaptive pressure limiting current limiting intervention, reached the beneficial effect of reducing the equipment with disease operation heat runaway hidden danger, reduce the power failure maintenance loss and improve the comprehensive photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation operation and maintenance control technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for operation and maintenance management of a photovoltaic power station. Background Technology

[0002] Existing photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance technologies struggle to capture minute changes in electrical parameters that occur in photovoltaic equipment during the early stages of aging or when wiring terminals become slightly loose. This passive monitoring method relies solely on fixed voltage or current thresholds to trigger alarms. By the time the system issues an alarm, the equipment has often already suffered severe thermal damage or completely shut down, leading to frequent unplanned outages and failing to detect underlying physical faults early on.

[0003] Meanwhile, traditional maintenance scheduling mechanisms typically treat each power generation device in isolation, failing to consider the hierarchical series and parallel relationships between devices and real-time weather conditions in maintenance scheduling. Once a maintenance task is generated, maintenance personnel often directly perform power outage operations during the peak power generation period with the strongest solar radiation, causing a large number of healthy devices in the same electrical circuit to be forced to lose power, resulting in a serious waste of grid-connected power generation.

[0004] Furthermore, existing systems lack automated, low-level intervention mechanisms before personnel arrive on-site after detecting equipment malfunctions and dispatching maintenance tasks. During the waiting period for maintenance, potentially hazardous photovoltaic equipment continues to operate under its original maximum power point tracking logic. This not only exacerbates device heating, making it highly susceptible to thermal breakdown or electrical fires, but also continuously reduces the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the entire associated branch due to the local bottleneck effect.

[0005] In summary, existing technologies suffer from problems such as delayed detection of latent faults, maintenance and scheduling being detached from the physical environment leading to wasted power generation, and a lack of underlying electrical power supply intervention during maintenance downtime, all of which urgently need to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method and apparatus for the operation and maintenance management of a photovoltaic power station to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, a method for the operation and maintenance management of a photovoltaic power station includes the following steps: Step S1: Obtain the physical physical status of the photovoltaic equipment to generate basic physical data for operation; calculate the characteristic curve distortion rate and abnormal temperature rise slope based on the basic physical data for operation, and generate the equipment efficiency loss rate and expected remaining lifespan; Step S2: Obtain the construction drawings of the photovoltaic power station, construct the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station, and locate the affected electrical related branches; calculate the two-dimensional power generation loss data using the equipment efficiency loss rate, the expected remaining lifespan, and the preset expected light intensity data, and generate the optimal downtime maintenance time window; Step S3: When the optimal downtime maintenance time window has not been reached at the current time, the distortion maximum power point tracking curve is reconstructed using the basic physical data of operation, the extreme value range data of the working voltage and the absolute value of the DC current limit are calculated, an adaptive efficiency improvement control command is generated and sent to the target inverter controller. Step S4: When the current time reaches the optimal downtime maintenance time window and the acquired real-time meteorological data meets the triggering conditions, send a trip command to the DC circuit breaker to perform physical isolation and discharge residual charge; perform task splicing based on the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station to generate merged operation and maintenance dispatch data.

[0008] This invention extracts characteristic curve distortion and abnormal temperature rise through deep analysis of underlying physical data, enabling early and accurate detection of minor hidden faults within photovoltaic equipment. This effectively avoids unplanned sudden shutdowns caused by fault escalation. Combining the power station's digital topology matrix with weather forecasts for dual-dimensional power loss calculation, it breaks away from the traditional scheduling model of blindly cutting off power during peak power generation periods. It precisely identifies the optimal shutdown and maintenance time window with the least impact on overall power generation, significantly reducing unnecessary power loss. Simultaneously, this invention fills the management gap during maintenance waiting periods. By issuing adaptive efficiency-enhancing control commands from the underlying layer, it reconstructs voltage and current operating boundaries, proactively suppressing the risk of overheating and breakdown of faulty equipment, and maximizing power generation efficiency during the transition period within a safe range. Finally, during low-irradiance safe periods, it coordinates automated unloaded physical isolation, residual charge discharge, and task dispatching within the same area, constructing an intelligent closed-loop management system integrating hazard detection, adaptive power protection, low-loss isolation, and efficient task dispatching. This comprehensively improves the safety management capabilities and life-cycle photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power stations.

[0009] Preferably, the present invention also provides an operation and maintenance management device for a photovoltaic power station, including an operation and maintenance control server, a field data acquisition terminal, a meteorological data receiving interface, and an equipment control interface. The field data acquisition terminal is connected to the operation and maintenance control server via a communication network, and the meteorological data receiving interface and the equipment control interface are connected to the operation and maintenance control server to execute the operation and maintenance management method for the photovoltaic power station as described above. The operation and maintenance control server of the photovoltaic power station operation and maintenance management device includes: The operational status assessment module is used to acquire the physical physical status of photovoltaic equipment and generate basic operational physical data; based on the basic operational physical data, it calculates the characteristic curve distortion rate and abnormal temperature rise slope to generate the equipment efficiency loss rate and estimated remaining lifespan. The topology mapping and loss optimization module is used to obtain the construction drawings of the photovoltaic power station, construct the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station, and locate the affected electrical related branches; it uses the equipment efficiency depreciation rate, the expected remaining lifespan, and the preset expected light intensity data to calculate the two-dimensional power generation loss data and generate the optimal downtime maintenance time window; The adaptive intervention control module is used to reconstruct the distorted maximum power point tracking curve using the basic physical data of operation, calculate the extreme value range data of the working voltage and the absolute value of the DC current limit, generate adaptive efficiency improvement control commands and send them to the target inverter controller when the current time has not reached the optimal downtime maintenance time window. The physical isolation and dispatch module is used to send a trip command to the DC circuit breaker to perform physical isolation and discharge residual charge when the current time reaches the optimal downtime maintenance time window and the acquired real-time meteorological data meets the triggering conditions; it also performs task splicing based on the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station to generate merged operation and maintenance dispatch data.

[0010] The photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance management device provided by this invention integrates on-site data acquisition terminals, multi-source communication interfaces, and operation and maintenance control servers to construct a highly collaborative modular integrated management and control architecture. The operating status assessment module, relying on high-frequency data acquired from on-site terminals, achieves real-time online quantitative perception and lifespan warning of underlying hidden electrical faults. The topology mapping and loss optimization module, fused with meteorological data interfaces, provides powerful overall decision-making computing power, accurately locking the optimal downtime window with the lowest power consumption. The adaptive intervention control module establishes a control link directly to the underlying hardware, ensuring the rapid and stable issuance and execution of proactive voltage and current limiting intervention commands during maintenance downtime, effectively avoiding the risk of equipment thermal breakdown. The physical isolation and dispatch module, linked with the underlying control interface, realizes automated no-load power outages triggered by meteorological coordination, safe discharge of residual charge, and intelligent splicing and dispatching of work tasks within the same area. The interconnected and progressively integrated data of the various internal modules of this device provides photovoltaic power plants with a physical digital operation and maintenance solution that boasts high automation, high operational safety, and significantly improves the photovoltaic conversion efficiency throughout its entire lifecycle. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a photovoltaic power station operation and maintenance management method and apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a block diagram of a photovoltaic power station operation and maintenance management device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The technical method of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0013] Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of the invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted. Some block diagrams shown in the drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities. These functional entities can be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor methods and / or microcontroller methods.

[0014] It should be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated items listed.

[0015] In this embodiment of the invention, reference Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating the operation and maintenance management method for a photovoltaic power station according to the present invention. In this example, the operation and maintenance management method for the photovoltaic power station includes the following steps: Step S1: Obtain the physical physical status of the photovoltaic equipment to generate basic physical data for operation; calculate the characteristic curve distortion rate and abnormal temperature rise slope based on the basic physical data for operation, and generate the equipment efficiency loss rate and expected remaining lifespan; In one embodiment, voltage, current, and temperature values ​​of the photovoltaic equipment are collected. The actual contact resistance value is extracted using the AC impedance method, and current-voltage characteristic curves are fitted and summarized as basic physical data for operation. The current-voltage characteristic curves are aligned and compared with standard healthy curves to generate the characteristic curve distortion rate. Combined with ambient temperature to eliminate heat transfer variables, the abnormal temperature rise slope is extracted. When the indicators exceed a preset threshold, the characteristic curve distortion rate is converted into the maximum output power reduction ratio using the impedance equivalent transformation relationship as the equipment efficiency loss rate. Based on the temperature difference between the material's ultimate safe operating temperature and the current temperature, combined with the abnormal temperature rise slope, the estimated remaining lifespan is generated.

[0016] Step S2: Obtain the construction drawings of the photovoltaic power station, construct the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station, and locate the affected electrical related branches; calculate the two-dimensional power generation loss data using the equipment efficiency loss rate, the expected remaining lifespan, and the preset expected light intensity data, and generate the optimal downtime maintenance time window; In one embodiment, an electrical node connection diagram is established based on the wiring layout of the photovoltaic power station's construction drawings to construct an electrical topology matrix for the photovoltaic power station. When the equipment efficiency loss rate is greater than zero, the faulty node is located, and the affected electrical associated branches are generated by bidirectionally searching and aggregating series and parallel nodes along the current transmission path. The operating loss due to the fault within the estimated remaining lifespan is calculated by combining preset expected light intensity data, and the downtime maintenance loss corresponding to line disconnection at different future time periods is calculated, summarizing to generate two-dimensional power generation loss data. A comprehensive power generation loss cost function is established to draw a comprehensive loss correlation curve, and a one-dimensional extreme value optimization algorithm is used to extract the continuous time interval corresponding to the global minimum value as the optimal downtime maintenance time window.

[0017] Step S3: When the optimal downtime maintenance time window has not been reached at the current time, the distortion maximum power point tracking curve is reconstructed using the basic physical data of operation, the extreme value range data of the working voltage and the absolute value of the DC current limit are calculated, an adaptive efficiency improvement control command is generated and sent to the target inverter controller. In one embodiment, before the optimal downtime maintenance window is reached, a distorted maximum power point tracking curve is generated based on real-time voltage and real-time power data interpolation. A suboptimal maximum power point avoiding the low-voltage side overheating fault region is extracted using numerical differentiation. Based on this, the lower limit of the voltage scan and the upper limit of the operating voltage are calculated to generate operating voltage extreme value range data. A preliminary DC safe current value is calculated by combining the heat dissipation balance limit and the actual contact resistance value. The smaller term is extracted from the operating attenuation current value to generate the absolute value of the DC current limit. The operating voltage extreme value range data and the absolute value of the DC current limit are mapped and converted into underlying configuration parameters, encapsulated, and used to generate adaptive efficiency-enhancing control commands, which are then sent to the target inverter controller.

[0018] Step S4: When the current time reaches the optimal downtime maintenance time window and the acquired real-time meteorological data meets the triggering conditions, send a trip command to the DC circuit breaker to perform physical isolation and discharge residual charge; perform task splicing based on the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station to generate merged operation and maintenance dispatch data; In one embodiment, upon reaching the start time of the optimal shutdown maintenance time window, image data of cloud movement and real-time irradiance are acquired. A meteorological coordinated trigger signal is generated when the cloud cover rate exceeds a threshold and the real-time irradiance is below a threshold. A shutdown and load reduction command is issued to the target inverter controller to reduce active power to zero, and a tripping command is sent to the DC circuit breaker to separate the contacts and perform physical isolation. After receiving tripping status feedback, a conduction command is sent to the discharge circuit in the combiner box to close the switching element and dissipate residual charge. When the residual voltage is below a preset safety voltage, the photovoltaic power station electrical topology matrix is ​​used to retrieve the pending maintenance tasks within the isolation area, and the coordinates, numbers, and bill of materials are combined to generate merged maintenance dispatch data.

[0019] Preferably, the specific process of generating the basic physical data for operation in step S1 includes: Acquire electrical characteristic data and temperature data of photovoltaic equipment nodes; The actual contact resistance value of the terminals inside the combiner box is measured and calculated using the AC impedance method. Obtain the device temperature values ​​of the power devices inside the inverter and calculate the temperature rise slope inside the inverter. Adjust the DC side voltage and obtain the corresponding current, then fit and generate the current-voltage characteristic curve of the photovoltaic string; The actual contact resistance value, the slope of the internal temperature rise of the inverter, and the current current and voltage characteristic curves are summarized to generate basic physical data for operation.

[0020] In one embodiment, electrical characteristic data and temperature data of the photovoltaic equipment nodes are acquired. Voltage and current sensors, arranged at the output terminals of the photovoltaic modules, the input and output terminals of the combiner box, and the AC / DC sides of the inverter, synchronously collect real-time voltage and current values ​​at a fixed sampling period, which are then used as electrical characteristic data. Thermistors, arranged on the back of the photovoltaic panels and the surface of the inverter heat sink, synchronously collect real-time temperature values ​​of the equipment surface, which are then used as temperature data.

[0021] Furthermore, the actual contact resistance value of the terminals inside the combiner box is measured and calculated using the AC impedance method. A high-frequency AC small excitation signal is continuously superimposed onto the DC bus circuit of the combiner box by a control signal generation circuit. The AC voltage drop value corresponding to both ends of the terminal and the AC current amplitude flowing through that terminal are simultaneously acquired. The complex impedance is calculated by dividing the AC voltage drop value by the AC current amplitude, and the real part of this complex impedance is extracted as the actual contact resistance value.

[0022] Extract the device temperature values ​​from the surface of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inside the inverter. Continuously record the initial and final device temperature values ​​within a preset time window. Based on the formula... The slope of the temperature rise inside the inverter is calculated. In the formula, This indicates the slope of the temperature rise inside the inverter. Indicates the temperature value of the termination device. Indicates the initial device temperature value. This indicates the duration value of the preset time window.

[0023] In another embodiment, the inverter is controlled to adjust the DC-side voltage and acquire the corresponding current, and a current-voltage characteristic curve of the photovoltaic string is generated by fitting the curve. The DC-side input voltage of the inverter is gradually reduced from the open-circuit voltage point to the short-circuit point of the photovoltaic string according to a fixed voltage step size. At each voltage step point, the voltage is maintained for a fixed duration, and the DC current value after the state stabilizes is collected. Multiple sets of discrete voltage and current coordinate points acquired during the scanning process are summarized, and the least squares method is used to perform smooth continuous curve fitting on the discrete coordinate points to establish a functional mapping relationship between voltage and current, thereby generating the current-voltage characteristic curve.

[0024] The actual contact resistance value, the slope of the internal temperature rise of the inverter, and the current current and voltage characteristic curves are summarized, and the corresponding physical location identification code and sampling timestamp of the corresponding equipment node are uniformly added to each value to generate basic physical data for operation.

[0025] Preferably, the specific process of calculating the characteristic curve distortion rate and the slope of the abnormal temperature rise in step S1 includes: The current current and voltage characteristic curves in the basic physical data of operation are extracted and aligned with the preset standard health curves. The open-circuit voltage deviation, short-circuit current deviation, and geometric deformation distance at the maximum power point are calculated. The characteristic curve distortion rate is generated by weighted summation. Extract the inverter's internal temperature rise slope from the basic physical data of operation, obtain the ambient temperature, and subtract the change caused by the ambient temperature rise using a preset temperature rise compensation formula to generate an abnormal temperature rise slope.

[0026] In one embodiment, the current current-voltage characteristic curve is extracted. The current real-time ambient irradiance and panel temperature values ​​are obtained, and a factory test curve that perfectly matches these values ​​is retrieved as a standard health curve. The current current-voltage characteristic curve and the standard health curve are overlapped and aligned in a two-dimensional coordinate system. The absolute difference between the two curves at the zero current intercept on the horizontal axis is calculated as the open-circuit voltage deviation, and the absolute difference between the two curves at the zero voltage intercept on the vertical axis is calculated as the short-circuit current deviation. The coordinate points on the two curves with the largest product of voltage and current values ​​are extracted, and the two-dimensional Euclidean distance between these two maximum power coordinate points is calculated as the geometric deformation distance. Based on the formula... Calculate the distortion rate of the characteristic curve. In the formula, Indicates the distortion rate of the characteristic curve. This represents the preset open-circuit voltage weighting coefficient. Indicates open-circuit voltage deviation. This represents the preset short-circuit current weighting coefficient. Indicates short-circuit current deviation. This represents the preset maximum power point weighting coefficient. This represents the distance of geometric deformation.

[0027] Furthermore, the slope of the internal temperature rise of the inverter is extracted. The initial and final ambient temperatures within the same time period are obtained and recorded using an external ambient temperature sensor, and the slope of the internal temperature rise is calculated. Since the internal temperature rise of the inverter includes both electrical losses and heat transfer from the external environment, the heat transfer variable caused by the increase in ambient temperature needs to be subtracted using a temperature rise compensation formula. Based on the formula... Generate the slope of the abnormal temperature rise. In the formula, Indicates the slope of abnormal temperature rise. This indicates the slope of the temperature rise inside the inverter. This indicates the preset thermal conductivity coefficient of the inverter casing. This indicates the slope of the ambient temperature rise. The abnormal temperature rise slope reflects the true abnormal heating rate caused entirely by internal component failures of the equipment, after eliminating external climatic interference.

[0028] Preferably, the specific process for generating the equipment efficiency depreciation rate and estimated remaining lifespan in step S1 includes: The distortion rate of the characteristic curve, the slope of the abnormal temperature rise, and the rate of change of the actual contact resistance value extracted from the basic physical data of operation are compared with the preset distortion threshold, the preset temperature rise slope threshold, and the preset resistance variation threshold, respectively. When the characteristic curve distortion rate, abnormal temperature rise slope, or continuous change rate exceeds the corresponding threshold, the implicit fault judgment result containing the physical identifier code of the faulty equipment is output. Based on the results of the latent fault determination, the preset impedance equivalent transformation relationship is retrieved to process the characteristic curve distortion rate, and the maximum output power reduction ratio of the faulty equipment is calculated as the equipment efficiency loss rate. The temperature difference between the power device and the preset material limit safe operating temperature is calculated based on the abnormal temperature rise slope. The temperature difference is then divided by the abnormal temperature rise slope to generate the expected remaining lifetime.

[0029] In one embodiment, the actual contact resistance values ​​of multiple consecutive sampling periods are extracted, and the ratio of the resistance difference between adjacent sampling periods to the time interval is calculated to generate a continuous rate of change. A comparison and judgment logic is established, comparing the characteristic curve distortion rate to a preset distortion threshold, the abnormal temperature rise slope to a preset temperature rise slope threshold, and the continuous rate of change to a preset resistance variation threshold. When at least one of these three values ​​is detected to be greater than the corresponding preset threshold, it is determined that the associated device has experienced component aging or electrical loose connection. The hardware communication address code of the device exhibiting the abnormal indicator is extracted as the physical identifier code of the faulty device. This physical identifier code of the faulty device is combined and encapsulated with an abnormal status label, and the latent fault judgment result is output.

[0030] In another embodiment, the characteristic curve distortion rate associated with the latent fault determination result is extracted. The system's built-in impedance equivalent transformation relationship is retrieved. The impedance equivalent transformation relationship is a preset mapping relationship table characterizing the geometric distortion of the current and voltage curves and the increase in the equivalent series resistance inside the equipment. Based on the impedance equivalent transformation relationship, the equivalent internal resistance increase value corresponding to the characteristic curve distortion rate is found. The heat loss power caused by the increase in equivalent internal resistance is calculated in conjunction with the equipment's rated operating current. The heat loss power is divided by the equipment's rated total output power to calculate the maximum output power reduction ratio, which is then determined as the equipment efficiency loss rate.

[0031] Extract the material limit safe operating temperature value specified in the datasheet of the power device under test, and obtain the current actual surface operating temperature value of the device. Based on the formula... Calculate the temperature difference. In the formula, Indicates temperature difference. This indicates the material's maximum safe operating temperature. This represents the actual operating surface temperature. Based on the formula... Generate the estimated remaining lifetime. In the formula, Indicates the estimated remaining lifespan. Indicates temperature difference. This represents the slope of the abnormal temperature rise. The estimated remaining lifetime, at the physical level, quantifies the time boundary parameter by which a device evolves from its current state of thermal accumulation to complete thermal breakdown.

[0032] Preferably, the specific process of constructing the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station and locating the affected electrical associated branches in step S2 includes: Based on the physical wiring routing in the construction drawings, the cascading relationship between individual photovoltaic modules, combiner boxes, inverter DC input channels, inverter AC grid-connected terminals and grid-connected transformers is transformed into an electrical node connection diagram containing current transmission paths, and an electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station is constructed. When the equipment efficiency loss rate is not zero, locate the physical node of the faulty equipment in the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station; Search along the current transmission path in the electrical node connection diagram, aggregate and lock the healthy photovoltaic modules that are in the same series circuit as the faulty equipment and the electrical circuits that are connected in parallel to the same combiner box branch, and generate the affected electrical associated branches.

[0033] In one embodiment, the physical wiring information is extracted from the construction drawings. Individual photovoltaic modules, combiner boxes, inverter DC input channels, inverter AC grid-connected terminals, and grid-connected transformers within the photovoltaic power station are abstracted as node elements, and the DC and AC cables connecting these node elements are abstracted as directed edge elements. Following the unidirectional transmission direction of current flowing from the photovoltaic modules to the grid-connected transformer, an association mapping relationship between node elements and directed edge elements is established, generating an electrical node connection graph containing the current transmission path. A two-dimensional adjacency matrix is ​​constructed based on the electrical node connection graph, where rows and columns correspond to each node element, and the matrix element values ​​indicate whether there is a physical wire connection between node elements. This constructs the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station. The electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station realizes the digital representation of the on-site hardware wiring relationships.

[0034] Continuously monitor the equipment efficiency loss rate. If a value greater than zero is detected, extract the physical identifier code of the corresponding equipment. Use the physical identifier code to perform indexing and matching in the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station, locate the corresponding row and column coordinate points, and complete the physical node location of the faulty equipment.

[0035] After locating the physical node of the faulty device, a bidirectional search is performed along the current transmission path in the electrical node connection diagram, starting from that physical node. Searching upstream against the current transmission direction, all healthy photovoltaic module nodes directly connected in series with the faulty device within the same physical string loop are extracted and recorded. Searching downstream along the current transmission direction, the main combiner node inside the combiner box to which the faulty device is ultimately connected is located. Then, starting from the main combiner node, a reverse search is performed to extract and record all other electrical loop nodes connected in parallel to the branches of that combiner box. Since the current limiting effect caused by the faulty device will affect the entire series string, and subsequent physical power-off isolation will inevitably cut off all parallel branches under that combiner box node, the data of the healthy photovoltaic module nodes in the same series loop obtained above, along with the parallel branch nodes, are combined and aggregated into a minimum cascading impact isolation unit, generating the affected electrical associated branch.

[0036] Of particular importance is the specific process for calculating the two-dimensional power generation loss data in step S2, which includes: Based on the affected electrical associated branches, the estimated remaining lifespan, the preset estimated light intensity data, and the equipment efficiency depreciation rate, calculate the operating loss with defects if the affected electrical associated branches are not repaired within the estimated remaining lifespan; The system sets a timeframe for disconnecting affected electrical branches and calculates downtime maintenance losses based on preset predicted light intensity data. By combining losses from operating with defects and losses from downtime for maintenance, two-dimensional power generation loss data is generated.

[0037] In one embodiment, hourly projected irradiance data is obtained as preset projected irradiance data. The total effective light-receiving area of ​​all photovoltaic modules within the affected electrical associated branch is extracted. Using the total effective light-receiving area and a preset photoelectric conversion efficiency coefficient, combined with the preset projected irradiance data, the theoretical power generation of the affected electrical associated branch under healthy conditions within its estimated remaining lifespan is calculated. The theoretical power generation is multiplied by the equipment efficiency loss rate to calculate the operating loss due to defects. Due to the series characteristics of photovoltaic strings, the confined current of locally faulty equipment will reduce the output current of the entire branch. The operating loss due to defects represents the cumulative energy loss caused by continued operation before the equipment is completely damaged.

[0038] Furthermore, on the time axis corresponding to the expected remaining lifespan, multiple future specific time periods with durations equal to the preset standard maintenance time are sequentially defined according to fixed time steps. For each future specific time period, preset expected light intensity data within the corresponding time range is extracted. Using the total effective light-receiving area and the preset photoelectric conversion efficiency coefficient, the theoretical grid-connected power generation of the affected electrical associated branch within that time range is calculated. Since the DC power supply to the entire branch needs to be cut off due to the need to replace on-site components, the theoretical grid-connected power generation is taken as the downtime maintenance loss corresponding to that future specific time period. The downtime maintenance loss reflects the blank value of power generation directly caused by physical isolation power outage.

[0039] Each defined future time period is treated as an independent time node. The cumulative loss due to malfunctioning operation is calculated from the current moment up to the start time of the corresponding time node. This cumulative loss is then paired with the corresponding downtime / maintenance loss for that time node. All time nodes and their paired loss values ​​are aggregated to generate two-dimensional power generation loss data. This two-dimensional power generation loss data provides a data foundation for subsequently balancing the impact of inefficient operation due to malfunctions with power outages.

[0040] Of particular importance is the specific process of generating the optimal downtime maintenance time window in step S2, which includes: Using dual-dimensional power generation loss data, with different future time periods as independent variables and the sum of accumulated operating losses with defects before the corresponding time of the independent variable and the downtime maintenance losses at that time as dependent variables, a comprehensive power generation loss cost function is established and a correlation curve between operating and downtime comprehensive losses is plotted. The global minimum point on the correlation curve of the combined operation and downtime losses is retrieved using a one-dimensional extreme value optimization algorithm. The future time period corresponding to the lowest global value is determined as the optimal downtime maintenance time window.

[0041] In one embodiment, the time nodes, accumulated losses from operating with defects, and losses from downtime for maintenance are extracted from the dual-dimensional power generation loss data. The start times of different future time periods are used as independent variables. Based on the formula Establish a comprehensive power generation loss cost function. In the formula, Indicates time The corresponding comprehensive loss value of the dependent variable, Indicates time The cumulative value of losses from previous operations with defects. Indicates time The corresponding downtime and maintenance losses are plotted. In a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system with time on the horizontal axis and the comprehensive loss value on the vertical axis, all time points and their corresponding dependent variable comprehensive loss values ​​are connected to form a continuous curve relating operation and downtime comprehensive losses. Since the accumulated loss from operating with defects increases monotonically over time, while the downtime and maintenance loss value fluctuates periodically due to the influence of day and night and weather conditions, the curve resulting from the superposition of these two values ​​exhibits a continuous, undulating, non-monotonic shape.

[0042] Furthermore, the starting point of the optimization interval is set as the current time, and the ending point is the cutoff time of the estimated remaining lifespan. Within the optimization interval, a one-dimensional extreme value optimization algorithm is applied to calculate the correlation curve between the overall operation and downtime losses. All minimum coordinate points on the curve whose slope changes from negative to positive are extracted. The overall loss values ​​corresponding to each extracted minimum coordinate point are compared, and the coordinate point with the smallest overall loss value is selected and locked as the global minimum point. This global minimum point numerically represents the theoretical lower limit node of the sum of the equipment's waiting losses while faulty and the losses from power-off isolation.

[0043] Extract the horizontal axis time value corresponding to the lowest global value. Using this horizontal axis time value as the starting point, extend it forward by combining it with the preset standard maintenance time to generate a continuous time interval with a clear start and end time. Determine this continuous time interval as the optimal downtime maintenance time window, which will serve as the time basis for triggering subsequent physical power-off isolation operations.

[0044] Preferably, the specific process for calculating the extreme value range data of the working voltage in step S3 includes: Extract real-time voltage and real-time current from the basic physical data of operation, and reconstruct the distortion maximum power point tracking curve of the faulty equipment under the current sunlight. Numerical differentiation is used to extract the suboptimal maximum power point that avoids the low-voltage side heating fault peak from the distortion maximum power point tracking curve. Calculate the lower limit of voltage scan and the upper limit of operating voltage within the suboptimal maximum power point operating range, and generate operating voltage extreme value range data.

[0045] In one embodiment, real-time voltage and real-time current values ​​are extracted. Based on the formula... Calculate the real-time power value corresponding to each sampling time. In the formula, This indicates the real-time power value. This represents the real-time voltage value. This represents the real-time current value. A two-dimensional mapping grid is established with the real-time voltage value as the horizontal axis and the real-time power value as the vertical axis. Discrete data points containing multiple sets of real-time voltage and power values ​​are projected onto the two-dimensional mapping grid. Adjacent discrete data points are connected using an interpolation algorithm to generate a distorted maximum power point tracking curve that characterizes the coupling pattern between the current actual solar radiation and the fault state. Local series mismatch caused by latent faults will cause this curve to exhibit a multi-peak wave shape containing multiple local power peaks.

[0046] Furthermore, numerical differential calculations are performed on the distorted maximum power point tracking curve. The first derivative values ​​of the curve at each voltage coordinate point are calculated, and all power peak coordinate points with a first derivative value of zero and a second derivative value less than zero are extracted. The standard open-circuit voltage value of the faulty equipment in a healthy state is extracted, and the boundary voltage value is determined by combining it with a preset low-voltage judgment coefficient. The interval with the horizontal axis below the boundary voltage value is defined as the low-voltage side heating fault region. The equipment operating in the low-voltage side heating fault region will generate a large output current, and the high current flowing through the latent faulty component with contact resistance will generate high heat dissipation. Among all extracted power peak coordinate points, coordinate points with the horizontal axis located within the low-voltage side heating fault region are removed. Among the remaining coordinate points, the vertical axis power values ​​are compared, and the coordinate point with the largest power value is determined as the suboptimal maximum power point. The suboptimal maximum power point can maintain the highest power output within a local range while limiting current heating.

[0047] Extract the voltage x-axis value corresponding to the suboptimal maximum power point. Subtract the preset optimization offset parameter from the voltage x-axis value to calculate the lower limit of the voltage scan. Add the optimization offset parameter to the voltage x-axis value to calculate the upper limit of the operating voltage. Concatenate the lower limit of the voltage scan value and the upper limit of the operating voltage to generate the operating voltage extreme value range data. The operating voltage extreme value range data defines the physical boundary parameters for subsequent hardware control and adjustment, and is used to limit the equipment to operate within a specified high voltage and low current safe range.

[0048] Preferably, the specific process of calculating the absolute value of the DC current limit and generating the adaptive efficiency improvement control command in step S3 includes: Retrieve the equipment efficiency loss rate and extract the actual contact resistance value from the basic physical data of operation; The actual contact resistance value is processed using the preset heat dissipation balance limit, the maximum safe DC current value that the faulty equipment can withstand is calculated, and the absolute value of the DC current limit is generated. The extreme value range data of the working voltage and the absolute value of the DC current limit are logically encapsulated to generate adaptive efficiency-enhancing control instructions.

[0049] In one embodiment, the actual contact resistance value is extracted. Based on the formula... Calculate the preliminary DC safe current value. In the formula, This indicates the initial DC safe current value. This indicates the preset heat dissipation balance limit. This represents the actual contact resistance value. The preset heat dissipation balance limit characterizes the maximum heat power that the faulty component can continuously dissipate without triggering thermal runaway. The equipment efficiency reduction rate is retrieved. The rated output current value of the faulty equipment is obtained. The rated output current value is subtracted from the product of the rated output current value and the equipment efficiency reduction rate to calculate the operating attenuation current value. In the numerical comparison logic, the preliminary DC safe current value and the operating attenuation current value are compared, and the smaller value is extracted to generate the absolute value of the DC current limit. The absolute value of the DC current limit sets the maximum current operating boundary that the underlying hardware is allowed to flow during the equipment's waiting period for maintenance, preventing large currents from causing localized burnout.

[0050] Acquire the extreme value range data of the operating voltage. Following the industrial standard communication protocol frame format supported by the target inverter controller, map the extreme value range data of the operating voltage to the maximum power point tracking range configuration parameters, and map the absolute value of the DC current limit to the duty cycle limiting configuration parameters of the internal DC chopper boost circuit. Combine the maximum power point tracking range configuration parameters and the duty cycle limiting configuration parameters into data bits, append a cyclic redundancy check code to the end of the data, append the corresponding hardware physical address identifier to the beginning of the data, and encapsulate to generate an adaptive efficiency improvement control command. This adaptive efficiency improvement control command, as a machine identification code, is used to trigger the target inverter controller to directly change the underlying electrical operating range.

[0051] Preferably, the specific process of satisfying the triggering condition and sending the tripping command in step S4 includes: Acquire moving cloud image data and real-time irradiance as real-time meteorological data; When the moving image data of the sky cloud indicates cloud coverage and the real-time irradiance is lower than the preset irradiance threshold, the triggering conditions are met and a meteorological coordinated triggering signal is generated. Based on the meteorological coordinated trigger signal, a shutdown and load reduction command is sent to the target inverter controller, and a trip command is sent to the DC circuit breaker corresponding to the affected electrical associated branch to disconnect the mechanical contacts.

[0052] In one embodiment, a fisheye camera deployed at the photovoltaic power station periodically captures images of the sky's hemispherical region to collect cloud movement image data. A photoelectric radiation sensor measures the solar radiation energy density of the current plane as the real-time irradiance. The cloud movement image data and real-time irradiance are combined to form real-time meteorological data. The cloud movement image data is then processed for grayscale and binarization to extract the total number of cloud pixels. The ratio of the total number of cloud pixels to the total number of image pixels is calculated to generate the cloud cover rate. The cloud cover rate is compared with a preset cloud cover threshold. If the cloud cover rate is greater than the preset cloud cover threshold and the real-time irradiance is lower than the preset irradiance threshold, the current meteorological environment is determined to be in a low-power generation state, triggering the system and generating a meteorological coordinated triggering signal.

[0053] In another embodiment, a meteorological coordinated trigger signal is extracted. A shutdown and load reduction command is issued to the target inverter controller. Upon receiving the shutdown and load reduction command, the target inverter controller adjusts the pulse width modulation duty cycle of its internal insulated gate bipolar transistor to smoothly reduce the output active power fed into the grid from the affected electrical associated branch to zero. After detecting that the output active power has dropped to zero, a tripping level pulse is generated as a tripping command. The tripping command is sent to the drive coil of the corresponding DC circuit breaker via the communication bus. The drive coil is energized to generate electromagnetic attraction, which drives the mechanical operating mechanism inside the DC circuit breaker to actuate, separating the DC bus main contacts and cutting off the DC power transmission path to achieve physical isolation. Disconnecting the DC main contacts after the AC power returns to zero avoids arcing under load.

[0054] Preferably, the specific process of releasing residual charge and generating merged maintenance dispatch data in step S4 includes: Receives feedback on the tripping status of the DC circuit breaker, sends a conduction command to the discharge circuit in the combiner box, controls the discharge switch element to close to short-circuit the positive and negative poles, and discharges residual charge; When the residual voltage is lower than the preset safety voltage, retrieve the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station and search for the maintenance tasks to be processed within the physical isolation area; Spatially merge the maintenance tasks to be processed on the corresponding affected electrical associated branches, splice together the physical coordinates of the faulty equipment, the electrical branch number and the bill of materials, and generate merged operation and maintenance dispatch data.

[0055] In one embodiment, the tripping status feedback is obtained by monitoring the auxiliary contact level of the DC circuit breaker. After determining that the physical connection of the DC circuit breaker is broken, a conduction level signal is generated as a conduction command and sent to the discharge circuit in the combiner box. After receiving the conduction command, the discharge circuit drives the internal power semiconductor field-effect transistor to close, so that the DC positive bus and the negative bus are connected through a series dissipation resistor. The residual charge stored inside the device is converted into heat energy and dissipated through the connected resistive circuit.

[0056] Continuously acquire real-time voltage values ​​between the DC positive and negative buses as residual voltage. When the residual voltage is lower than the preset safety voltage, confirm that the corresponding area is safe for personnel contact. Extract the nodes within the outage area managed by the DC circuit breaker as physical isolation zones, and extract the corresponding node mapping coordinates based on the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station. Use the node mapping coordinates to perform location comparison in the daily maintenance database to retrieve all pending maintenance tasks within the physical isolation zones.

[0057] Extract the affected electrical branch identifiers associated with all pending maintenance tasks. Group and aggregate the pending maintenance tasks corresponding to the same identifier to achieve spatial merging. Extract the physical coordinates of the faulty equipment, the electrical branch number used for line location, and the spare parts list for each pending maintenance task. Concatenate the physical coordinates of the faulty equipment, the electrical branch number, and the parts list according to a preset data structure format to generate merged maintenance dispatch data. The merged maintenance dispatch data includes guidance data for all work items within a single power outage zone.

[0058] Please see Figure 2 The diagram shows a block diagram of the photovoltaic power station operation and maintenance management device of the present invention. The device consists of four main parts: a field data acquisition terminal, a meteorological data receiving interface, an operation and maintenance control server, and an equipment control interface.

[0059] The on-site data acquisition terminal is used to collect on-site operating data such as operating voltage, current, temperature, IV curve, and wiring contact resistance of various equipment in the photovoltaic power station, and transmit the collected data to the operation and maintenance control server; the meteorological data receiving interface is used to receive meteorological forecast data such as solar irradiance and cloud cover, and transmit it synchronously to the operation and maintenance control server.

[0060] The operation and maintenance control server integrates four major functional modules: an operation status assessment module, used to identify hidden equipment faults by combining collected data and calculate equipment efficiency loss rate and remaining service life; a topology mapping and loss optimization module, used to construct the power plant electrical topology matrix, calculate power generation losses during different time periods by combining meteorological forecast data, and solve for the optimal downtime maintenance time window; an adaptive intervention control module, used to generate MPPT control commands for voltage and current limiting during the waiting maintenance period, to impose safe power constraints on faulty branches, and to avoid the risk of thermal runaway; and a physical isolation and work order dispatch module, used to issue power outage isolation control commands during the optimal maintenance window, to complete the discharge of residual charge on the bus, and to integrate fault information to generate a merged operation and maintenance work order.

[0061] After processing, the operation and maintenance control server outputs control and shutdown instructions to downstream photovoltaic equipment such as inverters and DC circuit breakers through the equipment control interface, realizing intelligent operation and maintenance management of the entire photovoltaic power station fault process.

[0062] Therefore, the embodiments should be considered as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the application are intended to be included within the invention.

[0063] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the invention herein.

Claims

1. A method for operation and maintenance management of a photovoltaic power station, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Obtain the physical physical status of the photovoltaic equipment to generate basic physical data for operation; calculate the characteristic curve distortion rate and abnormal temperature rise slope based on the basic physical data for operation, and generate the equipment efficiency loss rate and expected remaining lifespan; Step S2: Obtain the construction drawings of the photovoltaic power station, construct the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station, and locate the affected electrical related branches; calculate the two-dimensional power generation loss data using the equipment efficiency loss rate, the expected remaining lifespan, and the preset expected light intensity data, and generate the optimal downtime maintenance time window; Step S3: When the optimal downtime maintenance time window has not been reached at the current time, the distortion maximum power point tracking curve is reconstructed using the basic physical data of operation, the extreme value range data of the working voltage and the absolute value of the DC current limit are calculated, an adaptive efficiency improvement control command is generated and sent to the target inverter controller. Step S4: When the current time reaches the optimal downtime maintenance time window and the acquired real-time meteorological data meets the triggering conditions, send a trip command to the DC circuit breaker to perform physical isolation and discharge residual charge; perform task splicing based on the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station to generate merged operation and maintenance dispatch data.

2. The operation and maintenance management method for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of generating the basic physical data for operation in step S1 includes: Acquire electrical characteristic data and temperature data of photovoltaic equipment nodes; The actual contact resistance value of the terminals inside the combiner box is measured and calculated using the AC impedance method. Obtain the device temperature values ​​of the power devices inside the inverter and calculate the temperature rise slope inside the inverter. Adjust the DC side voltage and obtain the corresponding current, then fit and generate the current-voltage characteristic curve of the photovoltaic string; The actual contact resistance value, the slope of the internal temperature rise of the inverter, and the current current and voltage characteristic curves are summarized to generate basic physical data for operation.

3. The operation and maintenance management method for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of calculating the characteristic curve distortion rate and the slope of abnormal temperature rise in step S1 includes: The current current and voltage characteristic curves in the basic physical data of operation are extracted and aligned with the preset standard health curves. The open-circuit voltage deviation, short-circuit current deviation, and geometric deformation distance at the maximum power point are calculated. The characteristic curve distortion rate is generated by weighted summation. Extract the inverter's internal temperature rise slope from the basic physical data of operation, obtain the ambient temperature, and subtract the change caused by the ambient temperature rise using a preset temperature rise compensation formula to generate an abnormal temperature rise slope.

4. The operation and maintenance management method for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of generating the equipment efficiency depreciation rate and estimated remaining lifespan in step S1 includes: The distortion rate of the characteristic curve, the slope of the abnormal temperature rise, and the rate of change of the actual contact resistance value extracted from the basic physical data of operation are compared with the preset distortion threshold, the preset temperature rise slope threshold, and the preset resistance variation threshold, respectively. When the characteristic curve distortion rate, abnormal temperature rise slope, or continuous change rate exceeds the corresponding threshold, the implicit fault judgment result containing the physical identifier code of the faulty equipment is output. Based on the results of the latent fault determination, the preset impedance equivalent transformation relationship is retrieved to process the characteristic curve distortion rate, and the maximum output power reduction ratio of the faulty equipment is calculated as the equipment efficiency loss rate. The temperature difference between the power device and the preset material limit safe operating temperature is calculated based on the abnormal temperature rise slope. The temperature difference is then divided by the abnormal temperature rise slope to generate the expected remaining lifetime.

5. The operation and maintenance management method for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of constructing the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station and locating the affected electrical associated branches in step S2 includes: Based on the physical wiring routing in the construction drawings, the cascading relationship between individual photovoltaic modules, combiner boxes, inverter DC input channels, inverter AC grid-connected terminals and grid-connected transformers is transformed into an electrical node connection diagram containing current transmission paths, and an electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station is constructed. When the equipment efficiency loss rate is not zero, locate the physical node of the faulty equipment in the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station; Search along the current transmission path in the electrical node connection diagram, aggregate and lock the healthy photovoltaic modules that are in the same series circuit as the faulty equipment and the electrical circuits that are connected in parallel to the same combiner box branch, and generate the affected electrical associated branches.

6. The operation and maintenance management method for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process for calculating the extreme value range data of the working voltage in step S3 includes: Extract real-time voltage and real-time current from the basic physical data of operation, and reconstruct the distortion maximum power point tracking curve of the faulty equipment under the current sunlight. Numerical differentiation is used to extract the suboptimal maximum power point that avoids the low-voltage side heating fault peak from the distortion maximum power point tracking curve. Calculate the lower limit of voltage scan and the upper limit of operating voltage within the suboptimal maximum power point operating range, and generate operating voltage extreme value range data.

7. The operation and maintenance management method for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of calculating the absolute value of the DC current limit and generating the adaptive efficiency improvement control command in step S3 includes: Retrieve the equipment efficiency loss rate and extract the actual contact resistance value from the basic physical data of operation; The actual contact resistance value is processed using the preset heat dissipation balance limit, the maximum safe DC current value that the faulty equipment can withstand is calculated, and the absolute value of the DC current limit is generated. The extreme value range data of the working voltage and the absolute value of the DC current limit are logically encapsulated to generate adaptive efficiency-enhancing control instructions.

8. The operation and maintenance management method for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of fulfilling the triggering condition and sending the trip command in step S4 includes: Acquire moving cloud image data and real-time irradiance as real-time meteorological data; When the moving image data of the sky cloud indicates cloud coverage and the real-time irradiance is lower than the preset irradiance threshold, the triggering conditions are met and a meteorological coordinated triggering signal is generated. Based on the meteorological coordinated trigger signal, a shutdown and load reduction command is sent to the target inverter controller, and a trip command is sent to the DC circuit breaker corresponding to the affected electrical associated branch to disconnect the mechanical contacts.

9. The operation and maintenance management method for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of releasing residual charge and generating merged maintenance dispatch data in step S4 includes: Receives feedback on the tripping status of the DC circuit breaker, sends a conduction command to the discharge circuit in the combiner box, controls the discharge switch element to close to short-circuit the positive and negative poles, and discharges residual charge; When the residual voltage is lower than the preset safety voltage, retrieve the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station and search for the maintenance tasks to be processed within the physical isolation area; Spatially merge the maintenance tasks to be processed on the corresponding affected electrical associated branches, splice together the physical coordinates of the faulty equipment, the electrical branch number and the bill of materials, and generate merged operation and maintenance dispatch data.

10. A photovoltaic power station operation and maintenance management device, characterized in that, The system includes an operation and maintenance control server, a field data acquisition terminal, a meteorological data receiving interface, and an equipment control interface. The field data acquisition terminal is connected to the operation and maintenance control server via a communication network. The meteorological data receiving interface and the equipment control interface are also connected to the operation and maintenance control server. This system is used to execute the operation and maintenance management method for a photovoltaic power station as described in claim 1. The operation and maintenance control server of this photovoltaic power station operation and maintenance management device includes: The operational status assessment module is used to acquire the physical physical status of photovoltaic equipment and generate basic physical data for operation; based on the basic physical data for operation, it calculates the characteristic curve distortion rate and abnormal temperature rise slope to generate the equipment efficiency loss rate and the expected remaining lifespan. The topology mapping and loss optimization module is used to obtain the construction drawings of the photovoltaic power station, construct the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station, and locate the affected electrical related branches; it uses the equipment efficiency loss rate, the expected remaining lifespan, and the preset expected light intensity data to calculate the two-dimensional power generation loss data and generate the optimal downtime maintenance time window; The adaptive intervention control module is used to reconstruct the distorted maximum power point tracking curve using the basic physical data of operation, calculate the extreme value range data of the working voltage and the absolute value of the DC current limit, generate adaptive efficiency improvement control commands and send them to the target inverter controller when the current time has not reached the optimal downtime maintenance time window. The physical isolation and dispatch module is used to send a trip command to the DC circuit breaker to perform physical isolation and discharge residual charge when the current time reaches the optimal downtime maintenance time window and the acquired real-time meteorological data meets the trigger conditions; it also performs task splicing based on the electrical topology matrix of the photovoltaic power station to generate merged operation and maintenance dispatch data.

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