Magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device

Abstract

The application relates to a magnetic suspension flywheel energy storage device, the inside of a shell is formed with a mounting cavity; a flywheel is rotatably arranged in the mounting cavity, and the inside of the flywheel is provided with a power source; a radial magnetic bearing comprises an upper radial stator and a lower radial stator, the upper radial stator and the lower radial stator are arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and the magnetic poles of the upper radial stator and the lower radial stator are configured to be arranged inward in the transverse direction; a torsional magnetic bearing comprises an upper torsional stator and a lower torsional stator, the upper torsional stator and the lower torsional stator are arranged on the inner wall of the shell and are arranged at the same axial end of the flywheel, and are arranged in the axial direction of the flywheel, the magnetic poles of the upper torsional stator are configured to be arranged towards the lower torsional stator, and the magnetic poles of the lower torsional stator are configured to be arranged towards the upper torsional stator. The magnetic poles pointing in the transverse direction outward and upward are complementary to each other, the effective magnetic conduction area is expanded, the overall magnetic resistance is reduced, the magnetic field energy is more concentrated in the air gap and the rotor action area, and the input electromagnetic energy can be efficiently converted into the bearing magnetic force.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of energy storage devices, and in particular to a magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device. Background Technology

[0002] Magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage systems are a high-efficiency, long-life, and high-power-density physical energy storage technology with significant application prospects in areas such as grid frequency regulation, smooth integration of renewable energy, and uninterrupted power supply to critical facilities. Its core lies in achieving contactless, high-speed rotation of the flywheel rotor through magnetic levitation bearings, thereby storing electrical energy in the form of kinetic energy. The system's single-unit capacity, energy conversion efficiency, and operational reliability directly depend on the performance of the magnetic levitation bearings. High-load-bearing magnetic bearings can stably support operation under high-load conditions, improving the stability of the power grid system, power supply reliability, and energy conversion and transmission efficiency. They are one of the core supporting technologies for overcoming key technological bottlenecks in high-end power grid equipment and promoting the upgrading and development of smart grids.

[0003] However, in existing technologies, when the load-bearing capacity is insufficient and further improvement is needed, it can usually only be achieved by increasing the number of magnetic poles or expanding the size of the device, resulting in a bulky overall system, low functional density, and poor performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device to address the problems of complex and bulky structures, low functional density, and poor performance caused by increasing load-bearing capacity.

[0005] This application proposes a magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device, which includes:

[0006] A housing, the interior of which is formed a mounting cavity;

[0007] A flywheel is rotatably disposed in the mounting cavity, and a power source is disposed inside the flywheel, the power source being drivenly connected to the flywheel;

[0008] A radial magnetic bearing, comprising an upper radial stator and a lower radial stator, wherein the upper and lower radial stators are mounted on the inner wall of the housing and symmetrically spaced on both axial sides of the flywheel, and the magnetic poles of both the upper and lower radial stators are configured to face laterally inward; and

[0009] A torsional magnetic bearing, comprising an upper torsional stator and a lower torsional stator, wherein the upper torsional stator and the lower torsional stator are mounted on the inner wall of the housing and arranged at the same axial end of the flywheel, and are spaced apart along the axial direction of the flywheel; the magnetic poles of the upper torsional stator are configured to face the lower torsional stator, and the magnetic poles of the lower torsional stator are configured to face the upper torsional stator.

[0010] In the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device of this scheme, a flywheel is installed in the mounting cavity of the shell, and a power source is set inside the flywheel. The power source is connected to the flywheel drive, and the flywheel is driven to rotate by the power source, so that electrical energy can be converted into the kinetic energy of the flywheel, realizing the effective input and storage of energy. In this process, symmetrically spaced radial upper stator and radial lower stator are respectively arranged on both sides of the flywheel's axial direction, and the magnetic poles of the radial upper stator and radial lower stator are configured to face inward laterally. At the same end of the flywheel's axial direction, axially spaced torsional upper stator and torsional lower stator are installed, with the magnetic poles of the torsional upper stator facing the torsional lower stator and the magnetic poles of the torsional lower stator facing the torsional upper stator. In this way, the magnetic poles of the radial upper stator and radial lower stator face inward laterally to form a radial basic magnetic field, generating a bidirectional radial clamping force on the flywheel rotor. The magnetic poles of the torsional upper stator and torsional lower stator are arranged facing each other, forming an axial-radial composite magnetic field through the flywheel rotor. This magnetic field is superimposed with the inwardly facing magnetic field at the air gap, greatly increasing the combined magnetic flux density, which in turn translates into a stronger unilateral magnetic attraction force and overall load-bearing capacity. The four-layer stator with differentiated magnetic pole orientations breaks through the limitations of single radial load bearing, forming a multi-dimensional force system with radial bidirectional and axial auxiliary forces. The transversely inward-facing magnetic poles are primarily responsible for radial load bearing, counteracting the centrifugal force and offset tendency of the flywheel rotor during high-speed rotation. The downward and upward-facing magnetic poles form axial constraint magnetic forces through the rotor, balancing axial movement. At the same time, the electromagnetic coupling effect enhances radial force stability, avoiding overload in one direction, resulting in a more balanced overall load bearing and a higher upper limit. In addition, the four layers of stator form a closed magnetic circuit around the flywheel rotor. The magnetic poles in different directions make the magnetic circuit distribution more uniform, effectively suppressing magnetic field edge effects and leakage magnetic fields. The transversely outward-facing and vertically-facing magnetic poles complement each other, expanding the effective magnetic conduction area, reducing the overall magnetic reluctance, and concentrating the magnetic field energy more in the air gap and rotor interaction area, reducing magnetic energy loss, and ensuring that the input electromagnetic energy is efficiently converted into load bearing magnetic force. This achieves a significant leap in load bearing capacity per unit volume with the same number of coils and power consumption. Furthermore, this solution achieves the increased load bearing capacity without increasing the number of magnetic poles or expanding the size of the device, avoiding the problem of an overall bulky device.

[0011] The technical solution of this application will be further described below:

[0012] In one embodiment, the flywheel includes a connecting portion, a first spherical portion, and a second spherical portion, wherein the first spherical portion is connected to one axial end of the connecting portion, and the second spherical portion is connected to the other axial end of the connecting portion;

[0013] The radial upper stator is provided with a first spherical hole and is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first spherical part through the first spherical hole; the radial lower stator is provided with a second spherical hole and is sleeved on the outer periphery of the second spherical part through the second spherical hole; the torsional upper stator is disposed at one axial end of the first spherical part, and the torsional lower stator is disposed at the other axial end of the first spherical part.

[0014] In one embodiment, the torsional magnetic bearing further includes a torsional Lorentz force coil and a torsional Maxwell force coil, and the radial magnetic bearing further includes a radial Lorentz force coil and a radial Maxwell force coil. The torsional Lorentz force coil and its magnetic core are mounted on the torsional upper stator, the torsional Maxwell force coil and its magnetic core are mounted on the torsional lower stator, the radial Lorentz force coil and its magnetic core are mounted on the radial upper stator, and the radial Maxwell force coil and its magnetic core are mounted on the radial lower stator.

[0015] In one embodiment, the radial magnetic bearing further includes a radial torsional permanent magnet, a first permanent magnet receiver, a radial auxiliary permanent magnet, and a second permanent magnet receiver. The radial torsional permanent magnet and the first permanent magnet receiver are mounted on the inner wall of the housing, and the radial torsional permanent magnet is disposed between the radial upper stator and the first permanent magnet receiver. The radial auxiliary permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet receiver are mounted on the inner wall of the housing, and the radial auxiliary permanent magnet is disposed between the radial lower stator and the second permanent magnet receiver.

[0016] In one embodiment, the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device further includes a first magnetic shielding aluminum ring, a second magnetic shielding aluminum ring, and a third magnetic shielding aluminum ring. The first magnetic shielding aluminum ring is disposed between the inner wall of the housing and the radial torsional permanent magnet, the second magnetic shielding aluminum ring is disposed between the inner wall of the housing and the radial auxiliary permanent magnet, and the third magnetic shielding aluminum ring is disposed between the first permanent magnet receiver and the second permanent magnet receiver.

[0017] In one embodiment, the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device further includes an axial magnetic bearing, which is mounted on the inner wall of the housing and arranged at the bottom of the flywheel, and is configured to provide the flywheel with an axial magnetic pull force opposite to the direction of gravity of the flywheel.

[0018] In one embodiment, the axial magnetic bearing includes an axial permanent magnet and a fourth magnetically shielding aluminum ring. The axial permanent magnet is axially opposite to the bottom of the flywheel, and the fourth magnetically shielding aluminum ring surrounds the outer periphery of the axial permanent magnet.

[0019] In one embodiment, the axial magnetic bearing further includes a lower axial stator, an axial auxiliary permanent magnet, an axial coil, and an upper axial stator. The lower axial stator is disposed on the outer periphery of the fourth magnetic isolation aluminum ring, the upper axial stator is disposed on the outer periphery of the lower axial stator, and the axial coil and the axial auxiliary permanent magnet are disposed between the lower axial stator and the upper axial stator.

[0020] In one embodiment, the housing includes a main body, an upper end cover, and a lower end cover. The main body is a cylindrical structure extending through both ends. The upper end cover is installed at one axial port of the main body, and the lower end cover is installed at the other axial port of the main body. The main body adopts a double-layer hollow structure, and the hollow layer is filled with sound-absorbing material.

[0021] In one embodiment, the upper end cover has an upper heat dissipation hole, the lower end cover has a lower heat dissipation hole, the shell body near the shell wall of the upper end cover has a plurality of first heat dissipation holes arranged at intervals along the circumference, and the shell body near the shell wall of the lower end cover has a plurality of second heat dissipation holes arranged at intervals along the circumference. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application.

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to one embodiment.

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A structural diagram from another perspective.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device after axial sectioning.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device after a partial axial section.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure of an axial magnetic bearing according to one embodiment.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of a radial magnetic bearing and a flywheel according to one embodiment.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0031] 100. Magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device; 10. Housing; 11. Mounting cavity; 12. Housing body; 121. First heat dissipation hole; 122. Second heat dissipation hole; 13. Upper end cover; 131. Upper end heat dissipation hole; 14. Lower end cover; 141. Lower end heat dissipation hole; 20. Flywheel; 21. Connecting part; 22. First spherical part; 23. Second spherical part; 30. Power source; 40. Radial magnetic bearing; 41. Radial upper stator; 411. First spherical hole; 42. Radial lower stator; 421. Second spherical hole; 43. Radial Lorentz force coil; 44. Radial Maxwell force 45. Coil; 46. Radial torsional permanent magnet; 47. First permanent magnet receiver; 48. Radial auxiliary permanent magnet; 49. Second permanent magnet receiver; 50. Torsional magnetic bearing; 51. Torsional upper stator; 52. Torsional lower stator; 53. Torsional Lorentz force coil; 54. Torsional Maxwell force coil; 60. First magnetic shielding aluminum ring; 70. Second magnetic shielding aluminum ring; 80. Third magnetic shielding aluminum ring; 90. Axial magnetic bearing; 91. Axial permanent magnet; 92. Fourth magnetic shielding aluminum ring; 93. Axial lower stator; 94. Axial auxiliary permanent magnet; 95. Axial coil; 96. Axial upper stator. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0033] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0034] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0035] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0036] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0037] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0038] See Figures 1 to 4 This application presents an embodiment of a magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device 100, which includes a housing 10, a flywheel 20, a radial magnetic bearing 40, and a torsional magnetic bearing 50.

[0039] The housing 10 is the main support of the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device 100, and serves to load the integrated flywheel 20, radial magnetic bearing 40 and torsional magnetic bearing 50.

[0040] Please continue reading. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In one embodiment of this application, the shell 10 includes a shell body 12, an upper end cover 13 and a lower end cover 14. The shell body 12 is a cylindrical structure that extends through both ends. The upper end cover 13 is installed at one axial end of the shell body 12, and the lower end cover 14 is installed at the other axial end of the shell body 12. The shell body 12 adopts a double-layer hollow structure, and the hollow layer is filled with sound-absorbing material.

[0041] Specifically, the main shell 12 is a steel shell with a double-layered hollow cylindrical structure, which has the advantages of high structural strength and strong durability. The hollow layer is filled with sound-absorbing material, which can efficiently absorb the aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise generated when the flywheel 20 rotates at high speed, thereby improving the quietness of the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device 100.

[0042] For example, sound-absorbing materials can be, but are not limited to, sound-absorbing cotton.

[0043] The upper end cover 13 and the lower end cover 14 are respectively installed at the two axial ports of the shell body 12 to form a sealed chamber inside the shell 10, forming a reliable seal and preventing dust, rainwater and other external environmental elements from entering the shell 10 and causing damage.

[0044] Optionally, the upper end cover 13 and the housing 10, as well as the lower end cover 14 and the housing 10, can be detachably or fixedly connected by at least one of the following connection methods: threaded connection, adhesive connection, snap-fit ​​connection, etc. The specific method can be flexibly selected according to actual needs.

[0045] Please continue reading. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the upper end cover 13 is provided with an upper heat dissipation hole 131, the lower end cover 14 is provided with a lower heat dissipation hole 141, the shell body 12 near the shell wall of the upper end cover 13 is provided with a plurality of first heat dissipation holes 121 arranged circumferentially, and the shell body 12 near the shell wall of the lower end cover 14 is provided with a plurality of second heat dissipation holes 122 arranged circumferentially.

[0046] As is easily understood, the upper heat dissipation hole 131, the lower heat dissipation hole 141, the first heat dissipation hole 121 and the second heat dissipation hole 122 are all through holes to connect the mounting cavity 11 inside the housing 10 with the external environment, thereby forming a heat dissipation channel.

[0047] On the one hand, the upper heat dissipation hole 131 and the lower heat dissipation hole 141 formed at the two shaft ends are used to construct a convective heat dissipation path along the axial direction, which can improve the rapid discharge of heat generated by the flywheel 20 during operation to the outside of the housing 10. On the other hand, the multiple first heat dissipation holes 121 and second heat dissipation holes 122 formed on the housing body 12 form an array perpendicular to the flywheel 20, which is the heat source, which helps to shorten the heat discharge path length and make the heat dissipate to the outside of the housing 10 more efficiently. Furthermore, the upper heat dissipation hole 131 and the lower heat dissipation hole 141 also serve as wiring holes, which facilitates the wiring and connection of each winding. In addition, they also have the function of reducing material to reduce the overall weight of the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device 100, which is beneficial to lightweight design.

[0048] It should be noted that the shape and size of the upper heat dissipation hole 131, the lower heat dissipation hole 141, the first heat dissipation hole 121 and the second heat dissipation hole 122 can be flexibly set according to actual needs, and no special limitation is made here, as long as the heat dissipation and wiring needs are met.

[0049] For example, in this application, there are six first heat dissipation holes 121, six second heat dissipation holes 122, multiple upper heat dissipation holes 131 to form a petal-shaped hollow disc shape for the upper cover 13, and four lower heat dissipation holes 141 in a semi-circular structure.

[0050] Please continue reading. Figure 3 The housing 10 has an internal mounting cavity 11; the flywheel 20 is rotatably disposed in the mounting cavity 11, and the flywheel 20 has a power source 30 disposed inside it, which is connected to the flywheel 20 in a drive.

[0051] For example, the power source 30 is an electric motor, which is fixed to the inner wall of the housing 10 through the opening at the end of the flywheel 20. The motor shaft is directly or through a transmission mechanism connected to the flywheel 20 to drive the flywheel 20 to rotate.

[0052] The radial magnetic bearing 40 includes an upper radial stator 41 and a lower radial stator 42. The upper radial stator 41 and the lower radial stator 42 are mounted on the inner wall of the housing 10 and symmetrically spaced on both sides of the flywheel 20. The magnetic poles of the upper radial stator 41 and the lower radial stator 42 are both arranged laterally inward. The torsional magnetic bearing 50 includes an upper torsional stator 51 and a lower torsional stator 52. The upper torsional stator 51 and the lower torsional stator 52 are mounted on the inner wall of the housing 10 and arranged at the same end of the flywheel 20 along the axial direction. The magnetic poles of the upper torsional stator 51 are arranged facing the lower torsional stator 52, and the magnetic poles of the lower torsional stator 52 are arranged facing the upper torsional stator 51.

[0053] In summary, implementing the technical solution of this embodiment will achieve the following beneficial effects: In the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device 100 of this solution, by installing a flywheel 20 in the mounting cavity 11 of the housing 10 and setting a power source 30 inside the flywheel 20, the power source 30 is connected to the flywheel 20 for driving. Then, by driving the flywheel 20 to rotate through the power source 30, electrical energy can be converted into the kinetic energy of the flywheel 20, thereby realizing the effective input and storage of energy. During this process, symmetrically spaced radial upper stator 41 and radial lower stator 42 are respectively arranged on both sides of the flywheel 20, and the magnetic poles of the radial upper stator 41 and radial lower stator 42 are configured to face inward laterally. At the same time, axially spaced torsional upper stator 51 and torsional lower stator 52 are installed at the same end of the flywheel 20, with the magnetic poles of the torsional upper stator 51 facing the torsional lower stator 52 and the magnetic poles of the torsional lower stator 52 facing the torsional upper stator 51. In this way, the magnetic poles of the radial upper stator 41 and radial lower stator 42 face inward laterally to form a radial basic magnetic field, generating a bidirectional radial clamping force on the flywheel 20. The magnetic poles of the torsional upper stator 51 and torsional lower stator 52 are arranged facing each other, forming an axial-radial composite magnetic field through the flywheel 20. This magnetic field is superimposed with the inwardly facing magnetic field at the air gap, greatly increasing the combined magnetic flux density, which in turn translates into a stronger unilateral magnetic attraction and overall load-bearing capacity. The four-layer stator with differentiated magnetic pole orientations breaks through the limitations of single radial load bearing, forming a multi-dimensional force system with radial bidirectional and axial auxiliary forces. The transversely inward magnetic poles are primarily responsible for radial load bearing, offsetting the centrifugal force and offset tendency of the flywheel 20 during high-speed rotation. The downward and upward magnetic poles form axial constraint magnetic force through the rotor, balancing axial movement. At the same time, the electromagnetic coupling effect enhances radial force stability, avoiding overload in one direction, making the overall load bearing more balanced and with a higher upper limit. In addition, the four layers of stator form a closed magnetic circuit around the flywheel 20. The magnetic poles in different directions make the magnetic circuit distribution more uniform, effectively suppressing magnetic field edge effects and leakage magnetic field. The transversely outward and vertically oriented magnetic poles complement each other, expanding the effective magnetic conduction area, reducing the overall magnetic reluctance, and making the magnetic field energy more concentrated in the air gap and rotor interaction area, reducing magnetic energy loss, and ensuring that the input electromagnetic energy is efficiently converted into load bearing magnetic force. This achieves a significant leap in load bearing capacity per unit volume with the same number of coils and power consumption. Furthermore, this solution achieves the increase in load bearing capacity without increasing the number of magnetic poles or expanding the size of the device, avoiding the problem of an overall bulky device.

[0054] During operation, the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device 100 of this application mainly completes the mutual conversion between electrical energy and mechanical energy through the high-speed rotation of the flywheel 20. The entire process can be divided into three distinct stages: the charging stage, the energy storage stage, and the discharging stage.

[0055] During the charging phase, the device drives the motor to operate via an external power source. The motor's output shaft is connected to the flywheel 20, causing the flywheel 20 to begin rotating and gradually accelerate. During this process, electrical energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the flywheel 20, achieving efficient energy input and storage. The energy storage phase refers to the period when the input electrical energy reaches a set threshold, and the flywheel 20's energy storage device is fully charged. The motor maintains an idling operation mode, while the flywheel 20 continues to rotate at a constant speed, maintaining its stored kinetic energy. During this phase, until the next discharge operation is triggered, the system as a whole is in a state of energy conservation and does not exchange energy with the outside world. During the discharge phase, the flywheel 20 acts as a generator, converting its stored rotational kinetic energy back into electrical energy. Through the coordinated control of power electronic devices, the efficient conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy is achieved, and the electrical energy is output to external loads or the power grid.

[0056] Please continue reading. Figure 3 and Figure 4 For example, in an optional embodiment of this application, the flywheel 20 includes a connecting portion 21, a first spherical portion 22, and a second spherical portion 23. The first spherical portion 22 is connected to one axial end of the connecting portion 21, and the second spherical portion 23 is connected to the other axial end of the connecting portion 21. Optionally, the first spherical portion 22, the second spherical portion 23, and the connecting portion 21 can be integrally formed or detachably assembled, depending on actual needs.

[0057] It is easy to understand that the connecting part 21, the first spherical part 22 and the second spherical part 23 adopt a hollow structure design, which facilitates the internal installation of the power source 30 and reduces the weight of the flywheel 20, thus contributing to lightweight design.

[0058] The radial upper stator 41 has a first spherical hole 411 and is fitted onto the outer periphery of the first spherical portion 22 through the first spherical hole 411; the radial lower stator 42 has a second spherical hole 421 and is fitted onto the outer periphery of the second spherical portion 23 through the second spherical hole 421; the torsional upper stator 51 is disposed at one axial end of the first spherical portion 22, and the torsional lower stator 52 is disposed at the other axial end of the first spherical portion 22. In this way, even if the flywheel 20 is torsionalally tilted, the air gap between the flywheel 20 and the radial upper stator 41 and the radial lower stator 42 can be kept uniform, avoiding the generation of unbalanced magnetic pull, inducing high-frequency vibration and gyroscopic effect of the flywheel 20, and eliminating the problem of insufficient high-speed operation stability caused by the fluctuation of load-bearing capacity due to attitude changes.

[0059] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the torsional magnetic bearing 50 further includes a torsional Lorentz force coil 53 and a torsional Maxwell force coil 54, and the radial magnetic bearing 40 further includes a radial Lorentz force coil 43 and a radial Maxwell force coil 44. The torsional Lorentz force coil 53 and its magnetic core are mounted on the torsional upper stator 51, the torsional Maxwell force coil 54 and its magnetic core are mounted on the torsional lower stator 52, the radial Lorentz force coil 43 and its magnetic core are mounted on the radial upper stator 41, and the radial Maxwell force coil 44 and its magnetic core are mounted on the radial lower stator 42.

[0060] The radial upper stator 41, radial torsional permanent magnet 45, radial auxiliary permanent magnet 47, and radial lower stator 42 form a radial dual stator control module, which is symmetrically distributed on the upper and lower spherical parts of the flywheel 20. Through a six-pole structure (three-pole wound coil, three-pole thickened without winding), a magnetic field control area is formed in the radial X and Y directions. The radial upper stator 41 is embedded with a radial Lorentz force coil 43 and a magnetic core, and the radial lower stator 42 is embedded with a radial Maxwell force coil 44 and a magnetic core to generate controllable electromagnetic force. Together, they form an upper and lower clamping radial control layout for the flywheel 20 to ensure the radial stability of the rotor when rotating at high speed.

[0061] The upper torsion stator 51 and the lower torsion stator 52 form a torsion dual stator control module, which is located on the first spherical part 22 of the flywheel 205 and is symmetrically distributed vertically. The upper torsion stator 51 is embedded with a torsion Lorentz force coil 53 and a magnetic core, and the lower torsion stator 52 is embedded with a torsion Maxwell force coil 54 and a magnetic core, which are used to generate controllable electromagnetic force. Together, they form an upper and lower clamping torsion control layout for the flywheel 20 to ensure the radial stability of the rotor when it rotates at high speed.

[0062] Please continue reading. Figure 3 and Figure 6 In one embodiment, the radial magnetic bearing 40 further includes a radial torsional permanent magnet 45, a first permanent magnet receiver 46, a radial auxiliary permanent magnet 47, and a second permanent magnet receiver 48. The radial torsional permanent magnet 45 and the first permanent magnet receiver 46 are mounted on the inner wall of the housing 10, and the radial torsional permanent magnet 45 is disposed between the radial upper stator 41 and the first permanent magnet receiver 46. The radial auxiliary permanent magnet 47 and the second permanent magnet receiver 48 are mounted on the inner wall of the housing 10, and the radial auxiliary permanent magnet 47 is disposed between the radial lower stator 42 and the second permanent magnet receiver 48.

[0063] Thus, the radial upper stator 41, the radial torsional permanent magnet 45, the radial auxiliary permanent magnet 47, and the radial lower stator 42 cooperate to form a double-symmetrical closed radial magnetic circuit, which is used to achieve stable levitation support for the flywheel 20 in the radial two degrees of freedom. The torsional upper stator 51 and the torsional lower stator 52 cooperate to form a symmetrical closed torsional magnetic circuit, which is used to achieve stable levitation support for the flywheel 20 in the torsional two degrees of freedom.

[0064] The radial control works on the principle of a hybrid magnetic levitation technology based on permanent magnet bias and electromagnetic active control, achieving dynamic radial stability of the flywheel 20 through the following steps:

[0065] Magnetic field coupling and force generation: The magnetic cores in each stator provide a static bias magnetic field, causing the flywheel 20 to be pre-suspended in the center position; after a controllable current is passed through each coil, a dynamically adjustable magnetic field is generated. When the flywheel 20 is radially offset due to disturbance, the magnetic fields in different directions will generate a difference in magnetic force. If the flywheel 20 is offset in the +X direction, the stator coil current in the +X direction increases, and the magnetic attraction is strengthened; the stator coil current in the -X direction decreases, and the magnetic attraction is weakened. The resultant force pulls the flywheel 20 back to the center.

[0066] Coordinated control of upper and lower double-layer four stators: Radial double stator control of radial permanent magnets (radial upper stator 41, radial torsional permanent magnet 45, radial auxiliary permanent magnet 47, radial lower stator 42) and torsional double stator control (torsional upper stator 51, torsional lower stator 52) work together through differential control strategy: Sensors detect the radial displacement deviation of flywheel 20 in real time, and the controller converts the deviation signal into current commands for two sets of stator coils. Radial magnetic bearing 40 and torsional magnetic bearing 50 simultaneously adjust the electromagnetic force, which controls the radial translation of the rotor and suppresses its radial tilt, realizing complete decoupling control of the radial four degrees of freedom in the five degrees of freedom.

[0067] Realization of Radial Translational Two-Degree-of-Freedom Balance: For ease of explanation, the radial poles are divided into A, a, B, b, C, c, A', a', B', b', C', and c'. We will focus on poles A, a, and c. A radial torsional permanent magnet 45 is embedded between the radial upper stator 41 and the first permanent magnet receiver 46. Magnetized along the positive axial direction, the radial torsional permanent magnet 45 starts from the N pole, passes through the radial upper stator 41, reaches the air gap between the radial upper stator 41 and the flywheel 20, enters the flywheel 20 through the air gap, and then returns to the S pole of the radial torsional permanent magnet 45 through the air gap between the flywheel 20 and the first permanent magnet receiver 46, forming a loop. To achieve radial two-degree-of-freedom control, a radial Lorentz force coil 43 is placed in the middle of the constant spherical magnetic poles. A control current is applied to generate the control flux shown by the solid line and arrow in the diagram. The control flux of the constant spherical magnetic poles originates from the constant spherical magnetic poles in all attitudes. One path passes through the air gap between pole A and flywheel 20 of the radial upper stator 41 and the air gap between flywheel 20 and pole a to reach pole a. The other path passes through the air gap between pole A and flywheel 20 of the radial upper stator 41 and the air gap between flywheel 20 and pole c to reach pole c. Finally, the two fluxes converge at pole A of the radial upper stator 41 to form a complete control magnetic circuit. The control magnetic circuit of the radial lower stator 42 is the same as that of the radial upper stator 41. The torsional Maxwell force coil 54 and the radial Maxwell force coil are used to bear most of the dynamic load. Due to their high force density, when external disturbances cause the rotor to deviate, the control system will quickly adjust the current difference between the upper and lower, left and right magnetic poles. Utilizing the nonlinear growth characteristics of Maxwell force, a strong restoring force is generated to suppress large displacement disturbances. The torsional Lorentz force coil 53 and the radial Lorentz force coil 43 are responsible for high-precision fine-tuning and damping control, and take over the work under light load to improve efficiency.

[0068] Achievement of Radial Tilt (Torsion) Two-Degree-of-Freedom Balance: To achieve torsional control, this invention proposes a novel double-layer symmetrical dual-stator cooperative control structure. Control under large torsional conditions is achieved through the coordinated operation of the upper torsional stator 51 and the lower torsional stator 52. When the flywheel 20 is disturbed and torsional, the air gap between the lower torsional stator 52 and the flywheel 20 decreases, while the air gap between the upper torsional stator 51 and the flywheel 20 increases. This causes changes in the currents of the control coils for the torsional Lorentz force 53 and the torsional Maxwell force 54, resulting in the flywheel 20 returning to its equilibrium position.

[0069] The first permanent magnet receiver 46 and the second permanent magnet receiver 48 are used to fix the radial torsional permanent magnet 45 and the radial auxiliary permanent magnet 47 respectively, thereby capturing and conducting the constant magnetic field of the rotor permanent magnet to form a closed magnetic circuit.

[0070] Please continue reading. Figure 3 and Figure 6Furthermore, based on any of the above embodiments, the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device 100 further includes a first magnetic shielding aluminum ring 60, a second magnetic shielding aluminum ring 70, and a third magnetic shielding aluminum ring 80. The first magnetic shielding aluminum ring 60 is disposed between the inner wall of the housing 10 and the radially torsional permanent magnet 45, the second magnetic shielding aluminum ring 70 is disposed between the inner wall of the housing 10 and the radially auxiliary permanent magnet 47, and the third magnetic shielding aluminum ring 80 is disposed between the first permanent magnet receiver 46 and the second permanent magnet receiver 48. The first and second magnetic shielding aluminum rings 60 and 70 provide efficient shielding to prevent lateral magnetic leakage. The third magnetic shielding aluminum ring 80 prevents mutual interference between the magnetic fields of the torsional permanent magnet and the radially auxiliary permanent magnet 47.

[0071] Please continue reading. Figure 3 and Figure 4 Furthermore, in one embodiment, the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device 100 also includes an axial magnetic bearing 90, which is mounted on the inner wall of the housing 10 and arranged at the bottom of the flywheel 20. The axial magnetic bearing 90 is configured to provide an axial magnetic pull force to the flywheel 20 in the opposite direction to the flywheel 20's gravity. During operation, the axial magnetic bearing 90, magnetized in the positive axial direction, generates an upward axial magnetic flux (i.e., towards the flywheel 20), producing a positive axial pull force on the flywheel 20. This pull force cancels out the flywheel 20's own gravity, achieving static levitation of the flywheel 20. Compared to previous levitation structures, the cylindrical permanent magnet combined with the magnetically shielding aluminum ring structure used in this invention achieves a stronger and more stable levitation force with minimal magnetic leakage.

[0072] Please continue reading. Figure 5 More specifically, in the above embodiment, the axial magnetic bearing 90 includes an axial permanent magnet 91 and a fourth magnetic shielding aluminum ring 92. The axial permanent magnet 91 is axially opposite to the bottom of the flywheel 20, and the fourth magnetic shielding aluminum ring 92 surrounds the outer periphery of the axial permanent magnet 91. The axial permanent magnet 91 is magnetized in the positive axial direction, with the upper surface as the N pole and the lower surface as the S pole. The fourth magnetic shielding aluminum ring 92 effectively shields the side leakage magnetic field to provide a larger axial static bias magnetic field.

[0073] In one embodiment, the axial magnetic bearing 90 further includes an axial lower stator 93, an axial auxiliary permanent magnet 94, an axial coil 95, and an axial upper stator 96. The axial lower stator 93 is disposed on the outer periphery of the fourth magnetic isolation aluminum ring 92, the axial upper stator 96 is disposed on the outer periphery of the axial lower stator 93, and the axial coil 95 and the axial auxiliary permanent magnet 94 are disposed between the axial lower stator 93 and the axial upper stator 96.

[0074] Axial suspension control is achieved through the electromagnetic force generated by energizing the axial coil 95. When a disturbance exceeding the self-balancing tolerance range is detected in the flywheel 20 in a single axial degree of freedom, a control current is applied to the axial coil 95, generating a magnetic circuit as follows: Figure 5As shown by the dotted line, the magnetic circuit starts from the lower axial stator 93, passes through the air gap between the lower axial stator 93 and the lower end face of the flywheel 20, reaches the flywheel 20, and flows into the upper axial stator 96 through the air gap between the flywheel 20 and the upper axial stator 96. Finally, it returns to the lower axial stator 93 through the axial auxiliary permanent magnet 94, forming a complete magnetic circuit. This generates a controlling magnetic pull on the flywheel 20, causing the flywheel 20 to return to the axial equilibrium position.

[0075] To reduce magnetic circuit coupling and improve control accuracy, this application employs a technical concept of isolating the bias flux and control flux. Specifically, in axial levitation, the flywheel 20 is statically levitated by the magnetic pull of the axial permanent magnet 91, providing a stable and reliable static bias levitation force so that it can be approximately balanced in its working position even without control current. The axial coil 95 is placed between the upper axial stator 96 and the lower axial stator 93. When control current is applied to the axial coil 95, the generated control flux is guided to an independent air gap path. This path is spatially decoupled from and runs parallel to the static bias flux provided by the permanent magnet, thereby ensuring that the control magnetic field can efficiently and without interference apply the electromagnetic force for precise adjustment.

[0076] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0077] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device, characterized in that, include: A housing, the interior of which is formed a mounting cavity; A flywheel is rotatably disposed in the mounting cavity, and a power source is disposed inside the flywheel, the power source being drivenly connected to the flywheel; A radial magnetic bearing, comprising an upper radial stator and a lower radial stator, wherein the upper and lower radial stators are mounted on the inner wall of the housing and symmetrically spaced on both axial sides of the flywheel, and the magnetic poles of both the upper and lower radial stators are configured to face laterally inward; and A torsional magnetic bearing, comprising an upper torsional stator and a lower torsional stator, wherein the upper torsional stator and the lower torsional stator are mounted on the inner wall of the housing and arranged at the same axial end of the flywheel, and are spaced apart along the axial direction of the flywheel; the magnetic poles of the upper torsional stator are configured to face the lower torsional stator, and the magnetic poles of the lower torsional stator are configured to face the upper torsional stator.

2. The magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flywheel includes a connecting portion, a first spherical portion, and a second spherical portion. The first spherical portion is connected to one axial end of the connecting portion, and the second spherical portion is connected to the other axial end of the connecting portion. The radial upper stator is provided with a first spherical hole and is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first spherical part through the first spherical hole; the radial lower stator is provided with a second spherical hole and is sleeved on the outer periphery of the second spherical part through the second spherical hole; the torsional upper stator is disposed at one axial end of the first spherical part, and the torsional lower stator is disposed at the other axial end of the first spherical part.

3. The magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The torsional magnetic bearing further includes a torsional Lorentz force coil and a torsional Maxwell force coil, and the radial magnetic bearing further includes a radial Lorentz force coil and a radial Maxwell force coil. The torsional Lorentz force coil and its magnetic core are mounted on the torsional upper stator, the torsional Maxwell force coil and its magnetic core are mounted on the torsional lower stator, the radial Lorentz force coil and its magnetic core are mounted on the radial upper stator, and the radial Maxwell force coil and its magnetic core are mounted on the radial lower stator.

4. The magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radial magnetic bearing further includes a radial torsional permanent magnet, a first permanent magnet receiver, a radial auxiliary permanent magnet, and a second permanent magnet receiver. The radial torsional permanent magnet and the first permanent magnet receiver are mounted on the inner wall of the housing, and the radial torsional permanent magnet is disposed between the radial upper stator and the first permanent magnet receiver. The radial auxiliary permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet receiver are mounted on the inner wall of the housing, and the radial auxiliary permanent magnet is disposed between the radial lower stator and the second permanent magnet receiver.

5. The magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device further includes a first magnetic isolation aluminum ring, a second magnetic isolation aluminum ring, and a third magnetic isolation aluminum ring. The first magnetic isolation aluminum ring is disposed between the inner wall of the housing and the radial torsional permanent magnet, the second magnetic isolation aluminum ring is disposed between the inner wall of the housing and the radial auxiliary permanent magnet, and the third magnetic isolation aluminum ring is disposed between the first permanent magnet receiver and the second permanent magnet receiver.

6. The magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device also includes an axial magnetic bearing, which is installed on the inner wall of the housing and arranged at the bottom of the flywheel, and is configured to provide the flywheel with an axial magnetic pull force opposite to the direction of gravity of the flywheel.

7. The magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The axial magnetic bearing includes an axial permanent magnet and a fourth magnetically shielding aluminum ring. The axial permanent magnet is axially opposite to the bottom of the flywheel, and the fourth magnetically shielding aluminum ring surrounds the outer periphery of the axial permanent magnet.

8. The magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The axial magnetic bearing further includes a lower axial stator, an axial auxiliary permanent magnet, an axial coil, and an upper axial stator. The lower axial stator is disposed on the outer periphery of the fourth magnetic isolation aluminum ring, the upper axial stator is disposed on the outer periphery of the lower axial stator, and the axial coil and the axial auxiliary permanent magnet are disposed between the lower axial stator and the upper axial stator.

9. The magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The shell includes a shell body, an upper end cover, and a lower end cover. The shell body is a cylindrical structure that extends through both ends. The upper end cover is installed at one axial end of the shell body, and the lower end cover is installed at the other axial end of the shell body. The shell body adopts a double-layer hollow structure, and the hollow layer is filled with sound-absorbing material.

10. The magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The upper end cover has an upper heat dissipation hole, the lower end cover has a lower heat dissipation hole, the shell body near the shell wall of the upper end cover has a plurality of first heat dissipation holes arranged at intervals along the circumference, and the shell body near the shell wall of the lower end cover has a plurality of second heat dissipation holes arranged at intervals along the circumference.

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